SCIENC

ES

TELEsecundaria

PHYSIC
S2
NOTEBOOK
OF

Omar Chiquito Sánchez

 JOB
FROM
THE
STUDENT
QUARTER III
OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

INDEX
PAGE
ISSUE
15 The Universe also has history. 4
Measurement in Astronomy 6
Big Bang Theory 7
Mexico's contribution to the development of Cosmology 8
Evidence of a silent explosion 9
Beyond the big explosion 9
16 Physics in the Solar System 11
The value of attentive observation 11
The Copernicus Revolution 12
Kepler's contribution 14
Galileo Galilei: the beginning of a new way of investigating nature. 15
Isaac Newton and the Law of Universal Gravitation 16
How do the planets keep rotating around the Sun? 17
17 Knowing the Universe 18
Our Solar System 18
Sun 19
The planets of the solar system 19
Inner and outer planets 20
Tiny planets 20
The Eclipses 21
Comets and Asteroids 21
Asteroid belt 22
Galaxies 24
18 Technology Applied to knowledge of the Universe 25
The Telescope: An instrument with history 25
Space Telescopes 26
Telescopes and electromagnetic radiation 26
International Space Station 27
unmanned space station 27
Space Probes 28
Applications of Space Technology to everyday life 28

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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

THIRD TRIMESTER
15.- The Universe also has history

AXIS Diversity, continuity and change.

ISSUE Time and change.
Identify some aspects about the evolution of the Universe.
EXPECTED LEARNING
INTENTION Know and analyze the conceptions, ideas and theories that have been
DIDACTIC developed about the origin of the universe during the history of humanity,
and recognize the evolution of these ideas.
ACTIVITY: According to the reading of pages 102 and 103 of your book, write a short
conception of what you know about the Universe.

WHAT IS THE UNIVERSE?

• The universe is the sum of everything that
exists with its corresponding physical laws;
This encompasses time, space, matter,
energy, etc. According to scientists, the
universe is approximately thirteen billion
years old and has a visible area of ninety-
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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

three billion light years.

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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

RESEARCH: Who measured the diameter of the earth? And how did he
do it?
History of the origin of the Universe in different cultures.
BABYLON CULTURE

INDIAN CULTURE

EGYPTIAN
CULTURE

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Measurement in astronomy
Describe the following concepts to try to understand the essentials of this topic.

/ AND
Optics

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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

Big Bang Theory

ACTIVITY: Read your book in the text on page 106 and write a little about the history of a very
relevant Theory that explains the origin of the universe and that until now has not been refuted
by another.
Write what the American astronomer Harlow Shapley did

Write what the American astronomer Edwin Hubble did

ACTIVITY: Explain in your words the idea that galaxies are moving away.

Mexico's contribution to the development of

Cosmology.
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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

ACTIVITY: Read the text on page 107 carefully and solve what is asked of you.

What is Cosmology?

What is the Theory that competed for some years with the Big Bang Theory?

What was established in it?

What was the work done by the Mexican Manuel Peimbert ?

What was the simple element that formed first in the universe? ____________________________

What is called the Inflationary Stage ?

When the Universe emerged, what happened to light, heat energy and sound ?

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 OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

Evidence of a silent explosion

ACTIVITY: Explain what the following scientists did that served to demonstrate that the Big Bang
explosion was silent and that it did occur.

Arno Penzias and Robert W. Wilson

Beyond the big explosion.

ACTIVITY: Describe what the following contemporary scientist did Stephen Hawkins

What are black holes ?

In what year was the first photograph of a black hole taken? _______________________________

What is a black hole?

• It is a ceksl body whose mace and speed are so huge that the speed needed to support its
force gives gravity 03 greater than (at the speed of the maximum achievable speed )
• After this point the escape velocity exceeds the light velocity. It is impossible to return. This
rogón is called the horizon of evenin. Of the 4th region, it cannot be able to escape any
inlomruacicn

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 OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

• What does the Theory of the Accelerated Universe establish ?

RESEARCH: IN TEAMS, INVESTIGATE THE FOLLOWING THEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE
AND YOU WILL GO ON TO EXHIBIT THEM AS A TEAM.

THEORIES OF THE
UNIVERSE
1. BG BANG THEORY

2. INFLA THEORY NARIA.

3. DELE THEORY STATIONARY DO
4. THEORY OF THE OSCILLATIN
UNI' G
CREATION AI

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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

16.- Physics in the Solar System.

AXIS Systems.
ISSUE Solar system
EXPECTED LEARNING •Describes the characteristics and dynamics of the solar system.
•
Analyzes gravitation and its role in the explanation of movement
of the planets and in the fall of bodies (attraction) on the Earth's
surface.
INTENTION
Reflect and value the historical contributions to knowledge of the universe.
DIDACTIC

The value of careful observation.

ACTIVITY: List one main idea for each paragraph read on pages 112 and 113, or write in your own
words what you understood.

ACTIVITY: Define the following concepts.

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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

ACTIVITY: In the text he talks about a great thinker Hypatia of Alexandria , describing
her contributions to science.

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Kepler's contribution.
ACTIVITY: The contributions of Johannes Kepler were fundamental for astronomy, therefore, read the
texts on pages 116 and 117 and solve the following.

Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion

Johannes Kepler's Second Law

Johannes Kepler's Third Law

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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

Galileo Galilei: the beginning of a new way of

investigating nature.
ACTIVITY: The wise Galileo Galilei also made his contribution to astronomy and science,
therefore, read the texts in detail and answer what is asked of you below.

The telescope

The
glasses
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 OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

Giordano Bruno
Isaac Newton and the Law of Universal Gravitation.
ACTIVITY: Now you will write the contributions of this exceptional scientist, Isaac Newton.

Law of universal gravitation

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17.- Knowing the Universe.

AXIS Matter, Energy and interactions.
ISSUE Macro, micro and submicro nature.
Describes some advances in the characteristics and composition of the
EXPECTED LEARNING universe (stars, galaxies and other systems)
INTENTION
Know and identify the structure and composition of celestial bodies, as well
DIDACTIC
as the phenomena related to them; in particular, planet Earth.

Our Solar System

System
Solar

Dust
Interstellar
1. How do planets rotate?

2. How is the Sun composed?

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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

What is a solar storm ?

The planets of the solar

system.
OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

Inner and Outer Planets.

ACTIVITY: According to their position, the planets are classified in two ways. Read your book
and define what is being asked.

ACTIVITY: Answer the following questions.

1. What are Dwarf planets ?

2. Explain what happened to Pluto ?

3. What are the Characteristics of dwarf planets?

4. What are the other 4 dwarf planets apart from Pluto?

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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

The Eclipses.

Lunar eclipse

Comets and Asteroids.

ACTIVITY: Read the text about comets and asteroids and write 3 main ideas

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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

ACTIVITY: Answer the following questions based on the texts in your book.
1. What are the Stars ?

2. How were the Stars formed?

3. What is a Nuclear Reaction ?

4. Mention the evolution of stars.

5. What is the Pulsar ?

Press

6. What are degrees Kelvin ?

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OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

ACTIVITY: Write down the star rating.

What is the
Stage
Protostar?

Galaxies.
ACTIVITY: Define the word Galaxy.
What is a Galaxy?

PROJECT: Make an exhibition of photos of all the bodies that exist in a galaxy, search for them on the
Internet, print them in color and create a photographic museum of the Universe.

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18.- Technology applied to knowledge of the

Universe.
AXIS Matter, Energy and interactions.
ISSUE Macro, micro and submicro nature.
EXPECTED
LEARNING It describes how the exploration of celestial bodies is carried out through
the detection and processing of the electromagnetic waves they emit.
INTENTION Know, understand and analyze information about the various techniques
DIDACTIC and instruments for exploring celestial bodies.

The telescope: an instrument with history.

ACTIVITY: Read the text on page 140 of your book and write main ideas from the history of the
Telescope.

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Space Telescopes.
ACTIVITY: Write 4 important ideas about this topic.

Telescopes and electromagnetic

radiation.
ACTIVITY: Read the text carefully and write what you have understood.
OCHS THIRD TRIMESTER PHYSICS 2nd

International Space Station.

ACTIVITY: Read the text carefully and write what you have understood and do it in your own
words.

Unmanned space station.

ACTIVITY: Read the text carefully and write what you have understood and do it in your own
words.

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The Space Probes.

Applications of space technology to everyday life.

ACTIVITY: Technology is very important in our lives and this is how some materials have become
indispensable in our daily lives. Write the following according to your book.

END