MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

Book 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

11.1 Introduction to Trigonometric Ratios

Textbook Example Videos

Example 11.1 Example 11.2 Example 11.3

In this exercise, unless otherwise specified, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.

Level 1

1. In each of the following, write down the hypotenuse, the opposite side and the adjacent side of the marked
angle(s).
(a) A (b) D

θ 
E F
C
B

In each of the following, write down the values of sin θ, cos θ and tan θ. (2 – 4)
2. 3. 4.
17 21 D
P R A C
θ θ
24
7
8 15 θ
20 E F
29
25
Q
B

5. Refer to the figure. Find A

53
θ
(a) tan θ, C

(b) sin , 45
(c) cos . 28

Use a calculator to find the value of each of the following. (6 – 8)

6. (a) sin 48 (b) tan 67

7. (a) 9 cos 82 (b) 13 tan 29

4 53
8. (a) (b)
cos 73 sin 56

11.1
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

In each of the following, express the length of BC in terms of  and θ. (9 – 11)

9. 10. 11.
B C
 θ
B A C
A θ



θ A
B
100
C 100
80
find the unknown(s). (12 – 20)
In each of the following, 80
12. 13. 14. 60
60 東部
A A
A 27
中部 40 C
B
40 31°
x 北部 x 20
x 35
25° 20 53°
C
B 20 0
0 C B 第一季 第三季
第一季 第三季 100 100

15. 100 16. 17.

A 80 80
x a
A B B A
80 55°
40° 東部 60 東
60
x 60 東部 中
25 中部
14
40 40
中部 北
50° 40 北部
B C 20 20 C
12 北部 C
20 100
0 0
18. 19. 第一季 第三季 20. 第一季 第三季
A0 100 A 80
第一季 第三季 A
80 60 東部
b
x a a b
11 中部
60 東部
40 12°
43° 25° B
B C 中部 C 北部 18 C
y 40 B 24
20
北部
20 0
100
Use a calculator to find100
θ. (21 – 22) 第一季 第三季 100
0
21. (a) sin θ = 0.89 80第一季 第三季 (b)80 tan θ = 3
80

60 東部 60 東部
7 11 60
22. (a) tan θ = 中部 (b) cos θ = 中部
4 40 40 13 40
北部 北部
20 20
20
In each of the following, find the unknown(s). (23 – 28)
0 0
23. 第一季 第三季24. 第一季 第三季 25. 0
A 第一季 第三季
A
A
8 85 23
θ B θ
B C C
16 84 θ
C
B 26

26. 100 27. 65 28. 100

B A C
A 
65 80 11.2 80
16

θ
東部
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

Level 2

Use a calculator to find the value of each of the following. (29 – 31)
3 6
29. (a) 7 cos 36 (b)
tan 53

8sin 78 7
30. (a) (b)
5 11cos 47

31tan 78
31. (a) (b) 42 sin 12 + 13 cos 55
sin 21

In each of the following, find the unknown(s). (32 – 33)

32. 33.
C A
x
y
A x
32 y
24
B C
52 2 21
B

Use a calculator to find θ. (34 – 35)

7
34. (a) cos θ = (b) tan θ = 5 13
3

35. (a) tan θ = 81 cos 89 (b) sin θ = 6 tan 17

In each of the following, find the unknown(s). (36 – 37)

36. 37.
A
A C
ϕ θ θ
5 3
2 6

B ϕ
100 B C
3 5

80

60 東部
38. In △ABC, ACB = 90, AC = 7 cm and BC = 24 cm. Find ABC.
中部
40
北部
11.3
20
 MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

39. In △PQR, QPR = 90, PRQ = 48 and PQ = 37 cm. Find PR and QR.

40. In the figure, AB = 10 and BC = 5. Find the values of

B
(a) AC,
(b) sin A.
(Leave the answers in surd form.) A C

41. In △ABC, AC  CB, AC = 6 and AB = 8. Find the values of

(a) cos B,
(b) tan A.
(Leave the answers in surd form.)

1
42. In the figure, B = 90° and cos A = . If AC = 8, find A C
4
(a) AB,
(b) BC. B
(Leave the answers in surd form if necessary.)

43. In △ABC, C = 90° and sin A = 0.5. If BC = 12, find AC.

(Leave the answer in surd form.)

Explain 44. It is given that θ is an interior angle in a right-angled triangle and θ < 90°. Brenda claims that 0 < sin θ < 1.
Do you agree? By considering the definition of sin θ, explain your answer.

Level 3

45. In △ABC, AB = 4.8, BC = 5.5 and AC = 7.3. Find the size of each interior angle of Hint
△ABC.

46. It is given that one of the interior angles of a right-angled triangle is 50°. Let x cm be the length of the
hypotenuse.
(a) Prove that the perimeter of the triangle is x(1 + sin 50° + cos 50°) cm.
(b) If the perimeter of the triangle is 30 cm, find the length of the shortest side of the triangle.

47. It is given that the area of a right-angled triangle is 180 cm2 and one of its interior angles is 14°. Find the

11.4
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

length of the longest side of the triangle.

Multiple Choice Questions

48. In △ABC, B = 90°, AC = 25, AB = 24 and BC = 7. Find the value of cos C.
A. 0.15
B. 0.28
C. 0.292
D. 0.96

49. In the figure, AC =

A. BC sin θ. A

BC θ
B. .
sin 
C. BC cos θ.
BC
D. .
cos  B C

50. In the figure, AB =

A
A. AC tan θ.
AC
B. .
tan  θ
B C
C. BC cos θ.
BC
D. .
tan 

51. In a right-angled triangle ABC, tan B = 1. Which of the following must be true?
I. △ABC is an isosceles triangle.
II. ∠A = 45°
III. ∠B = 45°
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

52. In △ABC, B = 90°, AC = 3 and AB > BC. Which of the following must be true?

11.5
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

I. tan C > 1
II. tan A > 1
III. cos C > cos A
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only

53. In △ABC, B = 90°, AC = 2 and BC = 1. Find the value of sin C.

A. 0.205
B. 0.5
C. 0.707
D. 0.866

11.6
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

11.2 Applications of Trigonometric Ratios on Plane Figures

Textbook Example Videos

Example 11.4 Example 11.5 Example 11.6 Example 11.7

Example 11.8

In this exercise, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.

Level 1

1. The figure shows a quadrilateral ABDC. Find A

(a) y, 60°
15
(b) θ. y
B C

32
θ

2. The figure shows a quadrilateral ADCB. Find A

(a) BD,
21
(b) ADB.
D B

40 75°
C

3. The figure shows a quadrilateral ADCB. Find BC. A B

10

18°

55°
C
D

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

4. In the figure, H is a point lying on QR such that PH  QR. Find

P
(a) x,
(b) y.

10
x

50° 65°
Q R
y H

5. In the figure, D is a point lying on BC such that AD  BC. Find A

(a) AD, 14
C
(b) AB. 48° 34°

6. In the figure, H is a point lying on QR such that PH  QR. Find θ.

P

θ
12
30°

Q R
4 H

7. In the figure, C is a point lying on BD such that ACB = 40° and A

BC = 30. Find
(a) AB,
(b) AD.
40° 25°
B 30 D
C

8. In the figure, D is a point lying on AB. Find θ.

C

26
17

33° θ
A
D B

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

9. In the figure, C is a point lying on BD such that DAC = 18° and D

CAB = 30°. Find AC.
C
20

18°

30°
B A

10. In the figure, ADC is a straight line. Find

A 9 D 9 C
(a) DBC,
(b) θ. 6
θ

11. In the figure, BCD is a straight line. Find A

(a) AD,
22°
(b) CAB.

D 5 C 5 B

12. In the figure, B is a point lying on AC such that BDC = 28. A

Find ADB.

14.9 cm
B 11.3 cm
cm

28°
C D

13. In the figure, C is a point lying on BD such that AC  BD. A

Find BD.
45°
30°

34

B D
C

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

14. In the figure, ADCB is a trapezium with DAB = ADC = 90°. A 3 B

Find BCD.
3.4

C
D 5

15. In the figure, C is a point lying on BD such that AC  BD. E is a point A

lying on AC such that AE = 2. Find
2
(a) EC, E
(b) ED.

75°
B D
4 C 4

16. In the figure, D is the mid-point of AC and E is a point lying 5.3

A
on BC such that BE = 1.5 and CE = 3. Find B

(a) CD, E
D
(b) DEC.

Level 2

17. The figure shows a quadrilateral ACDE. Find A

(a) CD, 65°

120 m
(b) AC.
E
1.5 m
C D

18. In the figure, D is a point lying on EC such that DBC = 36. Find A
(a) EC,
(b) ED. 41°
2.85

36° 1.9

E D C

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 MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

19. In the figure, C is a point lying on BD such that AC  BD. A E

(a) Find ABC.
Explain (b) Is AB parallel to EC? Explain your answer.
25 20

B 15 C 10 D

20. In the figure, ADEC is a rectangle. B is a point lying on AC A B C

such that BEC = 30. Find ABD.

6.25

30°

D 10 E

21. In the figure, find the area of △ABC.

A

10 cm

38°
B C
12 cm

22. In the figure, find the area of parallelogram ADCB. A 11 cm B

105°

13 cm

D C

23. In the figure, find the area of ABCD. D 12 cm A

12 cm

80°
C B

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

24. In the figure, △ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC = 16. A

D is a point lying on BC such that AD  BC. If BAC = 78,
find BC.

16 16

B D C

25. In the figure, △ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = BC. If the A

area of △ABC is 70 cm2, find ABC. 10 cm

26. In the figure, AB // ED. A

B
48°
(a) If F is a point lying on ED such that AF  ED, find AF.
180
(b) Find ED. 400
C

35°
E D

27. In the figure, AE // BC. Find D

(a) the perpendicular distance between BC and AE,
(b) CDE. B C
20 cm 46 cm
40 cm

45°
A E
85 cm

28. In the figure, GHBE and GCDF are two rectangles. B and C are G F

points lying on AD while E is a point lying on DF. BE and CG E

intersect at point I. It is given that GE = 10 cm and ABH = 35°.
Find GF.

H I

A D
BC

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

29. In the figure, CD = 3BC. Find BC. A

100
B
120°

C D

30. In the figure, I and II are two squares inside a right-angled triangle ABC. A
If tan ACB = 2, find the area of the shaded region.

II

C B
9 cm

31. In the figure, AEDC is a square. B and F are points lying on A B C

AC and AE respectively such that AB = 1, BC = 7 and AF = 3.
BE and DF intersect at point G. Find EGD. F G

E D

32. In the figure, ABCE is a square. D and F are points lying on CE and AE A F
E
respectively such that DE : CD = 1 : 2 and EF : FA = 1 : 3. AD and BE
intersect at point G. Find AGB. G
D

B C

P Q
33. In the figure, PQ // SR and PR = RS. Find
(a) PR,
(b) the area of trapezium PSRQ. 6 cm

44°
S R

11.13
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

Level 3

34. The figure shows a semi-circle with centre O and Hint

A
radius r cm. Let AOC be θ. If AC is perpendicular
sin 
to DB, prove that tan ADC = .
1  cos 

D O C B

35. The figure shows a regular pentagon of side 5 cm. A Hint

(a) Find the area of △OCD.
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the area of the
B E
regular pentagon.
O

C D

36. △ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. Let BC = x and ABC = ACB = θ.
(a) Express the perimeter of △ABC in terms of x and θ.
(b) Hence, or otherwise, determine which of the following triangles has a greater perimeter.
D

15° 15°
H I
10
70° 70°
E F
5

37. In △ABC, AB = AC = 4 and BC = 6. Find the size of the greatest interior angle of △ABC.

38. In △ABC, AB = 3, AC = 4 and A = 36.34°. Find the size of the smallest interior angle of △ABC.

39. In △ABC, AB = 65 cm, BC = 97 cm and AC = 72 cm. P is a point lying on BC Hint

such that APB = 48°. Find PAC.

11.14
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

Multiple Choice Questions

40. In the figure, find the area of △ABC. A
2 7 cm
A. 7.28 cm
12°
B. 14.6 cm2 B C
10 cm
2
C. 34.2 cm
D. 68.5 cm2

41. In the figure, AC and BE intersect at point D. It is given E

that ACB = AEB = 90°, EAD = 25°, AB = 12 cm and C
BC = 5 cm. Find AE. D

A. 7.77 cm
B. 7.71 cm A B

C. 7.18 cm
D. 5.07 cm

42. In the figure, AD and BE intersect at point C. Find ACE. B

A. 90°
D
B. 105° 4 C
C. 108° 2
D. 110° A E
4

43. In the figure, D is a point lying on AC such that AB = AD and B

BD = CD. Find BC.
AB
A.
sin 22.5
AC
B.
sin 45 A C
D
C. AC cos 22.5°
AB
D.
cos 45

11.15
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

11.3 Trigonometric Relations (Sections A – C)

A. Properties of Trigonometric Ratios

B. Using Pythagoras’ Theorem to Find Trigonometric Ratios

C. Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles

Textbook Example Videos

Example 11.9 Example 11.10 Example 11.11

In this exercise, 0° < θ < 90°. Do not use a calculator and numerical answers should be exact.

Level 1

5
1. It is given that sin θ = . Find the values of cos θ and tan θ using Pythagoras’ theorem.
13

3
2. It is given that cos θ = . Find the values of sin θ and tan θ using Pythagoras’ theorem.
5

9
3. It is given that tan θ = . Find the values of sin θ and cos θ using Pythagoras’ theorem.
40

4. It is given that tan θ = 3. Find the values of sin θ and cos θ using Pythagoras’ theorem.

5. It is given that sin θ = 0.7. Find the values of cos θ and tan θ using Pythagoras’ theorem.

2
6. It is given that cos θ = . Find the values of sin θ and tan θ using Pythagoras’ theorem.
3

Find the value of each of the following. (7 – 16)

7. sin 30° + tan 45° 8. tan 30° cos 30°

4sin 60
9. cos2 60° 10.
tan 45

11. 1 – 2 sin2 45° 12. cos 30° tan 60° – cos 60°

11.16
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

13. sin 30° cos 45° – sin 45° 14. tan2 60° sin 45°

tan 60 sin 60  cos30

15. cos 60° + 16.
tan 30 tan 60

In each of the following, find θ. (17 – 21)

17. 2 cos θ = 1 18. 4 tan θ – 4 = 0

tan 45
19. sin θ = 20. 4 cos θ – 2 tan 60° = 0
2

3
21. sin 60° tan θ =
2

22. It is given that tan θ = 3 . Find the values of sin θ and cos θ by considering trigonometric ratios of special
angles.

In each of the following, find the unknown(s). (23 – 28)

23. A 24. A

2 3 60°
30°
5
B

x C C
B

25. A 26. A

B 5 3
x 30°
C
7 B x
45°

A
27. 28. A

5
6
θ
C
θ
B C
B 10 3 6 2
3

11.17
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

Level 2

13
29. It is given that tan θ = . Find the value of tan θ cos θ without evaluating θ.
84

36 36 tan   70
30. It is given that cos θ = . Find the value of without evaluating θ.
85 sin 

3
31. It is given that cos θ = . Find the value of sin θ tan2 θ without evaluating θ.
6

4 80
32. It is given that sin x = and cos y = . Find the value of sin y : cos x without evaluating θ.
5 89

Find the value of each of the following. (33 – 38)

33. tan2 30° + cos2 60° 34. (tan 60° + cos 30°)2

35. cos 60° cos 45° – sin 30° sin 45° 36. sin 30° cos 30° + cos 60° sin 60°

cos 60 tan 30 sin 60  cos 60

37. cos 30° tan 60° + 38.
tan 45 tan 60

In each of the following, find θ. (39 – 42)

39. 4 cos θ – 3 = tan 60° 40. 2 cos2 60° tan θ = sin 30°

41. tan (70° – θ) = 3 tan2 30° 42. 4 cos (80° – θ) sin 30° = 3

43. It is given that 3 tan  6sin30 .

(a) Find θ.
(b) Hence, find the value of sin (θ – 30°) cos (θ – 15°) cos θ.

44. In the figure, AC = 5 cm and BAC = 60°. Find the area of △ABC. A

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

45. In the figure, B is a point lying on AC. If AD = 8, BD = 4 2 A

and BDC = 45°, find
(a) CD,
B
(b) ADB.

C D

46. In the figure, C is a point lying on BD. If AB = 3 3 , E

BC = 9 and CD = 5, find
A
(a) ACB,
(b) CE.

B C D

47. In the figure, C is a point lying on BD. If ABC = 60°, A

ADC = 30° and AC = 3 , find BD.

B D
C

48. The figure shows a quadrilateral ABCD. If AB = 2 3 , A

3 3
BC = 3 and AD = , find BAD.
2

D
B
C

49. In the figure, C is a point lying on BD such that A

AC = CD = 2 3 .
(a) Find ACB.
1
(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove that tan 15° = . 15°
32 D
B C

Level 3

50. Let tan θ = x. Express cos4 θ – sin4 θ in terms of x.

11.19
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

Multiple Choice Questions

51. Which of the following is an irrational number?
A. sin2 45°
B. cos10 45°
C. tan9 45°
D. tan7 60°

52. Find the value of 2(sin 60° + cos 45°).

3 1
A.
2
B. 3 1
C. 5
D. 3 2

53. Find the value of sin2 60° + cos 60°.

A. 1
3
B.
4
5
C.
4
3 1
D.
2

54. Suppose 0° <  <  < 90°. Which of the following must be true?
I. sin  < sin 
II. cos  < cos 
III. tan  < tan 
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

11.20
MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

11.3 Trigonometric Relations (Sections D – E)

D. Trigonometric Identities

E. Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles

Textbook Example Videos

Example 11.12 Example 11.13 Example 11.14 Example 11.15

In this exercise, 0° < θ < 90°. Do not use a calculator and numerical answers should be exact.

Level 1

5
1. It is given that sin θ = . Find the values of cos θ and tan θ using trigonometric identities.
7

65
2. It is given that cos θ = . Find the values of sin θ and tan θ using trigonometric identities.
97

Simplify each of the following expressions. (3 – 12)

sin 
3. 4. cos θ (1 + tan θ)
cos  tan 

2  cos 2  2cos   sin 

5. 6.
1  sin 2  tan   2

6cos 
7. 8. sin3 θ cos θ + sin θ cos3 θ
3  3sin 2 

9. tan2 θ (1 – sin2 θ) 10. tan θ sin θ + cos θ

sin 3   tan  cos3  (1  cos2  )2

11. 12.
cos tan 4 

In each of the following, find θ using trigonometric identities. (13 – 18)

13. sin θ = cos 65° 14. cos θ = sin 38°

1
15. cos (90° – θ) = sin 74° 16. tan  
tan 83

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

1
17. tan θ tan 29° = 1 18. tan 52 
tan (90   )

Find the value of each of the following. (19 – 22)

19. cos 39° – sin 51° 20. tan 10° tan 80°

tan 30
21. sin2 20° + sin2 70° 22.
sin 25  sin 2 65
2

Simplify each of the following expressions. (23 – 28)

sin (90   ) cos  cos (90   )
23. 24.
sin 30 tan 

cos (90   ) cos  sin (90   )  cos 

25.  26.
cos  cos (90   ) 2 tan (90   )

1 sin 
27. 1 – tan (90° – θ) sin θ cos θ 28. 
cos  tan (90   )

Prove each of the following identities. (29 – 34)

cos 
29.  tan (90° – θ) 30. cos (90° – θ) + sin θ  2 cos θ tan θ
sin 

1  cos 2 
31. sin θ tan θ  32. cos θ – sin2 θ cos θ  sin3 (90° – θ)
cos

33. tan2 (90° – θ) sin2 θ  sin2 (90° – θ) 34. (tan2 θ + 1) sin2 θ  tan2 θ

Level 2

19 sin 
35. It is given that cos θ = . Find the value of using trigonometric identities.
35 tan 

8 sin 
36. It is given that tan θ = . Find the value of using trigonometric identities.
15 cos   sin 

16 sin   2cos 
37. It is given that tan θ = . Find the value of using trigonometric identities.
13 cos   sin 

6
38. It is given that sin θ = . Find the value of (sin2 θ – 1) tan2 θ using trigonometric identities.
46

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

In each of the following, find θ using trigonometric identities. (39 – 42)

39. sin (θ + 10°) = cos 50° 40. tan 35° tan (85° – θ) = 1

41. cos (25° + θ) = sin θ 42. tan θ tan (θ + 70°) = 1

Find the value of each of the following. (43 – 46)

sin 25
43. cos 48° sin 42° + sin 48° cos 42° 44. cos 65° tan 25° –
tan 65

45. 2 tan2 35° tan2 55° 46. sin2 70° (1 + tan2 20°)

Simplify each of the following expressions. (47 – 52)

sin 2 (90   )
47. 1 48. 1 – (sin θ + cos θ)(sin θ – cos θ)
tan 2 (90   )

1  (cos  sin  )2 sin 30 cos 60

49. 50. 
cos (90   ) 1  sin (90   ) 1  cos 

tan 2 (90   ) tan  3  2cos  cos 2  tan  cos 2 (90   )

51.  52. 
cos cos (90   ) 2  cos 2 tan   sin 

5cos 
53. Express  3tan 2 (90   ) tan  in terms of tan θ.
cos (90   )

 1 sin   
   5cos  (1  sin  ) in terms of cos θ.
2
54. Express 
 cos  tan (90    )  

Prove each of the following identities. (55 – 58)

1 sin 
55. sin θ cos θ + tan θ sin2 θ  tan θ 56.  cos  
sin (90   ) tan (90   )

1  cos (90   ) tan 2   1 1

57.  (1  sin  )  cos  58. 
cos  cos (90   ) tan (90   ) sin  cos3 
2

59. Prove that the value of sin4 θ – sin2 θ – cos4 θ + cos2 θ is a constant for all acute angle θ.

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 MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

Level 3

60. Find the value of sin2 1° + sin2 2° + … + sin2 88° + sin2 89°.

Explain 61. Determine whether the value of tan 2°  …  tan 88°  tan 89° is greater than 1. Explain your answer.

62. Find the value of cos2 1° + sin2 2° + cos2 3° + sin2 4° + … + sin2 88° + cos2 89°.

63. Find the value of (4sin 18 )sin 18 (4sin 72 )sin 72 .

64. It is given that sin (A + B) ≡ sin A cos B + cos A sin B. Express the value of cos 15° Hint
in surd form.

Multiple Choice Questions

65. For any acute angle θ, which of the following is an identity?
A. sin2 θ = cos2 θ – 1
B. sin θ = 1
cos 
C. tan θ =
sin 
D. cos θ (tan2 θ + 1) = 1
2

66. If 0° < θ < 90°, which of the following must be true?

A. tan θ = tan (90° – θ)
B. (sin θ + cos θ)2 = 1
C. sin θ cos θ = tan θ cos2 θ
D. sin (90° – θ) – cos (90° – θ) = sin θ – cos θ

67. If 0° < θ < 90°, which of the following must be true?

I. sin2 θ + sin2 (90° – θ) = 1
II. cos θ – cos (90° – θ) < 0
III. tan θ tan (90° – θ) = 1
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

cos 2 tan 45 cos 2 

68.  =
sin 30 sin (90   )
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. cos2 θ.
D. sin2 θ.

3 tan  sin 
69. If sin (90° – θ) = , then =
8 1  cos 2 
3
A. .
8
55
B. .
8
8
C. .
3
8
D. .
55

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

Answers
2B Chapter 11 37. θ = 50.8, ϕ = 39.2
38. 16.3°
Section 11.1 (p.11.1)
39. PR = 33.3 cm, QR = 49.8 cm
1. (a) hypotenuse: AC, opposite side of θ: BC,
adjacent side of θ: AB 5 5
40. (a) 125 (or 5 5 ) (b) (or )
125 5
(b) hypotenuse: EF, opposite side of θ: DF,
adjacent side of θ: DE, opposite side of : DE, 28 7 28 7
41. (a) (or ) (b) (or )
8 4 6 3
adjacent side of : DF
42. (a) 2 (b) 60 (or 2 15 )
15 8 15
2. sin θ = , cos θ = , tan θ =
17 17 8 43. 432 (or 12 3 )
20 21 20
3. sin θ = , cos θ = , tan θ = 44. agree
29 29 21
24 7 24 45. A = 48.9°, B = 90°, C = 41.1°
4. sin θ = , cos θ = , tan θ = 46. (b) 8.01 cm
25 25 7
28 45 47. 39.2 cm
5. (a) (b)
45 53
28
(c) Multiple Choice Questions (p.11.5)
53
48. B 49. B
6. (a) 0.743 (b) 2.36
50. A 51. B
7. (a) 1.25 (b) 7.21
52. A 53. D
8. (a) 13.7 (b) 63.9

9. Section 11.2 (p.11.7)

sin 
10.  cos θ 1. (a) 26.0 (b) 54.3°
11.  tan θ 2. (a) 38.6 (b) 32.9°
12. 9.33 3. 11.6
13. 13.9 4. (a) 9.06 (b) 7.60
14. 21.1 5. (a) 10.4 (b) 12.5
15. 18.7 6. 54.7°
16. 29.8 7. (a) 25.2 (b) 59.6
17. 17.1 8. 56.4°
18. x = 16.1, y = 11.8 9. 15.5
19. a = 11.2, b = 26.5 10. (a) 56.3° (b) 15.3°
20. a = 17.6, b = 3.74 11. (a) 12.4 (b) 16.9°
21. (a) 62.9° (b) 71.6° 12. 20.0°
22. (a) 60.3° (b) 32.2° 13. 53.6
23. 30° 14. 54.0°
24. 8.80° 15. (a) 12.9 (b) 13.5
25. 41.5° 16. (a) 1.4 (b) 25.0°
26. θ = 14.3°,  = 75.7° 17. (a) 109 m (b) 52.2 m
18. (a) 1.87 (b) 0.489
27. θ = 42.1°,  = 47.9°
19. (a) 53.1° (b) no
28. θ = 43.7°,  = 46.3°
20. 44.4°
29. (a) 2.14 (b) 5.54
21. 36.9 cm2
30. (a) 1.57 (b) 0.933
22. 138 cm2
31. (a) 407 (b) 16.2 23. 157 cm2
32. x = 8.50, y = 4.51 24. 20.1
33. x = 3.73, y = 8.37 25. 39.3
34. (a) 28.1° (b) 86.8° 26. (a) 229 (b) 448
35. (a) 54.7° (b) 48.5° 27. (a) 28.3 cm (b) 64.2°
36. θ = 30, ϕ = 60 28. 8.19 cm

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

29. 36.6 3 1
30. 52 cm2 22. sin θ = , cos θ =
2 2
31. 65.1° 23. 2.5
32. 71.6° 24. 6
33. (a) 8.01 cm (b) 38.3 cm2 25. 7 2
35. (a) 8.60 cm2 (b) 43.0 cm2 26. 15
 1  27. 60°
36. (a) x  1 (b) △GHI
 cos   28. 45°
37. 97.2° 13
29.
38. 36.34° 85
39. 5.92° 85
30.
11
11 33
Multiple Choice Questions (p.11.15) 31.
6
40. A 41. A
32. 65 : 89
42. C 43. A
7
33.
12
Section 11.3 (Sections A – C) (p.11.16) 27
34.
12 5 4
1. cos θ = , tan θ = 35. 0
13 12
4 4 3
2. sin θ = , tan θ = 36.
5 3 2
9 40
3. sin θ = , cos θ = 37. 2
41 41
1 3
3 3 10 1 10 38. (or )
4. sin θ = (or ), cos θ = (or ) 3 3
10 10 10 10
39. 30°
51 7 7 51
5. cos θ = , tan θ = (or ) 40. 45°
10 51 51
7 7 14 41. 25°
6. sin θ = , tan θ = (or )
3 2 2 42. 50°
3 2
7. 43. (a) 60° (b)
2 8
1 25 3
8. 44. cm2
2 8
1
9. 45. (a) 4 (b) 15°
4
46. (a) 30° (b) 10
10. 2 3
47. 4
11. 0
48. (a) 3 (b) 60°
12. 1
49. (a) 30°
2 1  x2
13.  50.
4 1  x2
3 2
14.
2
Multiple Choice Questions (p.11.20)
7
15. 51. D 52. D
2
53. C 54. B
16. 1
17. 60°
18. 45° Section 11.3 (Sections D – E) (p.11.21)
19. 30° 24 2 6 5 5 6
1. cos θ = (or ), tan θ = (or )
20. 30° 7 7 24 12
21. 60° 72 72
2. sin θ = , tan θ =
97 65

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MathSmart 2B Chapter 11 Introduction to Trigonometry

3. 1 1
51.
4. cos θ + sin θ sin  cos 
2

5. 1 52. 2
6. –cos θ 8
53.
2 tan 
7.
cos 54. –4cos3 θ
8. sin θ cos θ 60. 44.5
2
9. sin θ 61. yes
1 62. 44.5
10.
cos 63. 4
11. tan θ 3 1 6 2
64. (or )
12. cos4 θ 2 2 4
13. 25°
14. 52°
Multiple Choice Questions (p.11.24)
15. 74°
65. D 66. C
16. 7°
67. B 68. A
17. 61°
69. C
18. 52°
19. 0
20. 1
21. 1
1 3
22. (or )
3 3
23. 2cos θ
24. cos2 θ
1
25.
sin  cos
26. sin θ
27. sin2 θ
28. cos θ
19 665
35. (or )
35 35
8
36.
23
10
37. 
29
18
38. 
23
39. 30°
40. 30°
41. 32.5°
42. 10°
43. 1
44. 0
45. 2
46. 1
47. –cos2 θ
48. 2cos2 θ
49. 2cos θ
50. 0

11.28