ASTM D 429 METHOD E - 90° DISASSEMBLY TEST square.

One end of the cemented plate should be masked

- RUBBER TANK LINER - MOUNTED ON METAL with pressure sensitive tape approximately 25 mm (1 in.)
wide.
PLATE
45. Laboratory preparation of standard test pieces.
41. Meaning and use
45.1 Standard test samples shall be as described in
41.1 This test is designed to determine the adhesive
strength of the rubber tank liner to the tank wall after 45.1.1 to 45.1.4.
procedures similar to those that would occur in actual 45.1.1 Prepare the contact area of hot-rolled mild black
practice. The results are obtained by measuring the pull steel in accordance with the method for ensuring adhesion
required to separate a rubber strip from a metal surface. that is specified by the supplier or that may be under
The data obtained indicate the adhesion force along a line investigation. The metal plate size is 150 (6 in.) square and
across the width of the rubber strip separating from a plate at least 3.4 mm (0.13 in.) thick. Mask one end with pressure
at an angle of 90°. The test provides valuable data for the sensitive tape approximately 25 mm (1.0 in) wide.
development and control of rubber compounds and
methods. of Union. It also serves as a screening test for the NOTE 12—In cases where 3.18 mm (0.135 inch) thick metal
evaluation of various bonding agents, or techniques, or is permanently deformed during testing, a thicker metal
both. plate may be used.
42. Adhesion Failure Terminology
42.1 R indicates that the failure is in the rubber.
42.2 RC indicates that the failure is at the rubber-covered
cement interface.
42.3 CP indicates that the failure is located at the cover
cement-cement interface.
42.4 M indicates that the failure is at the metal-primary
cement interface.
NOTE 11 — Example: the percentages of the different types
of failures can be estimated as in the following examples:
R-50, RC-50 means that about half or 50% of the area
showed rubber failure and the other 50% showed rubber
failure.
- Cover the cement interface.
R-25, RC-25, M-50 means that there are three types of
failures with the
M indicating a 50% failure at the metal-primer interface.
43. Static mass method (SM)
43.1 Apparatus:
43.1.1 The apparatus required for adhesion testing by the
static mass test method consists of a support frame, test
tongs, calibrated masses, and a mass conveyor.
43.1.2 The frame is of sufficient height to allow the mass
support to be suspended from the clamp holding the test
specimen and to hang freely during the progress of the test. Fig. 12 Testing apparatus for static mass adhesion test on
43.1.3 In Fig. A photograph of a suitable support frame is rubber Tank liner
shown in Fig. 12, together with the test sample, clamp, mass
conveyor and calibrated masses.
44. Standard Test Specimen
44.1 In Fig. 13 and Figure 25 shows a standard test sample.
The wide rubber strip of ±0.05 mm (1.000 ± 0.002 in.) is
fixed approximately in the center of the metal plate. The
total size of the prepared test specimen from which the 25
mm wide strip is taken is 150 6 3 mm (6,000 ± 0.15 in.)
Fig. 13 Adhesion Test Specimen for Rubber Tank Liner
Fig. 14 An example of a rubber tank liner adhesion sample
on a testing machine
Similarly, a different steel grade may be specified when
agreed between the buyer and supplier.
45.1.2 Apply unvulcanized rubber slabs, with a thickness of
6.3 6 0.5 mm (0.25 6 0.02 in.) to the prepared surface of the
metal plate.
NOTE 13—Another thickness of rubber may be used to
correspond to the actual ordered gauge of the tank liner
stock, if so indicated in the test report.
45.1.3 Vulcanize the rubber in the same manner as
recommended by the rubber tank liner manufacturer; i.e.
exhaust steam curing, steam pressure or chemical curing
and recommended time, temperature and procedure.
45.1.4 After vulcanization, store samples at a temperature
of 23 6 2 °C (73.4 6 3.6 °F) for at least 16 h. Cut a 25mm
wide strip as shown in Fig. 9.
46. Procedure
46.1 Separate the part to be tested by hand at the end of
the masked area and a sufficient distance to allow the jaws
of the test clamp to connect. Mount the plate on a support
frame, attach a clamp to the test specimen at the separated
end. Suspend a mass conveyor to the clamp and apply
known masses to the conveyor until the mass causes a
constant travel speed of
0.4 mm/s (1 in./min) throughout the test.
47. Machine method (M)
Apparatus 47.1:
47.1.1 Testing Machine: A testing machine as described in
6.1 of Test Methods D 412 should be used to measure
adhesion strength. The machine head should travel at a
uniform speed of 50 mm (2.0 in.)/Min.
47.1.2 Device—Any device suitable for securing the test
specimen to the top of the machine may be used provided
that the direction of pull to cause separation is, at all times
during the test, as perpendicular as possible, i.e. Making a
90° angle with the upper fixation. The test device shown in
operation in Fig. 5 complies with the above
and provides ease and simplicity of testing.
47.1.3 Handles: Any suitable handle may be used, provided
it does not slip or break the rubber strip. The grip shown in
fig.
5 meets and provides ease and simplicity of operation.
48. Standard Test Specimen
48.1 See 44.1 (same as static mass test method).
49. Laboratory preparation of standard test pieces.
49.1 See 45.1 to 45.1.4. (Same as used for static mass test
method).
50. Procedure
50.1 Place the test specimen (Note 14) symmetrically in the
jaws attached to the fixed grip with the parting edge facing
the operator, as shown in Fig. 5. Before applying the load,
remove the rubber from the metal plate for a distance of
approximately 2 mm (1⁄16 in.) using a sharp knife (Note 15).
Place the tab on the handle and apply a constant load at the
speed of 50 mm (2.0 in.)/Min until separation is completed.
Use the auto-graph recorder to graphically display adhesion
values over the entire length of the test sample.
NOTE 14: This specimen lends itself to determination of the
relative effect of environmental conditions on possible
deterioration of the joint. Samples can be exposed without
tension or under a constant and relatively low tension. It is
recommended that one of the ASTM standard
environmental exposure conditions be used. Among those
that apply are the following: Test Methods D 471, D 572, D
573, D 1149, Practice G 23 and Method B 117. If
environments other than those above are used, they will be
fully described. This should include the conditions of the
exposure, such as time, temperature, etc.
NOTE 15—Initial separation of the rubber from the plate
and as necessary during testing is done to more clearly
observe the adhesion to the substrate rather than the tear
resistance of the material.
51. Precautions
Tear 51.1:
51.1.1 If, during a test, one of the parts begins to tear
instead of separating from the other part of the sample, cut
the tearing material with a knife to the contact surface
between the two parts and start again the proof .
51.1.2 If one part tears repeatedly, rather than separating
from the other part, a satisfactory result in the static mass
test method may be ensured by reducing the amount of
mass used, if permitted. In case of repeated breakage when
using the machine test method, take the average load at
which breakage occurs as the test result.
51.2 Temperature Effect: The results of this test are affected
by temperature. Raising the temperature causes a higher
disassembly rate under a given load. Therefore, the
temperature during the test will be 23 6 2 °C (73.1 6 3.6 °F)
and the actual temperature will be recorded.
52. calculations
52.1 For the static mass test method, report the adhesion
valve as separation rate per unit width under a stated force,
as follows:
……..mm/s. for 25mm width below….N strength
in./s for 1-in. width under lbf
If a width other than 25 mm (1 in.) was used, correct the
gap by multiplying the speed by the ratio of actual width to
desired width as follows:
or mm/25 mm
in./1 in.
Include both the rate and actual width in the report.
For the machine test method, the autograph chart
constitutes the report, but the adhesion value is determined
by drawing on the chart the best average line between the
maximum and minimum force values. The force so
indicated, expressed in newtons per meter (or pound-force
per inch) is divided by the width measured in 10.1 for the
separation at the rate used and is reported as the adhesion
value, as follows:
N/m ~lbf/in.!5 force/actual width (1)
Displays both the actual force and width on the report.
53. Interpretation of the results.
53.1 In the static mass test method, extraction is not started
unless a certain mass is used. Small increases in mass do not
cause progressively proportional increases in separation
rate. As the mass increases, the speed increases slowly at
first and eventually very quickly. Therefore, the separation
rate should be interpreted carefully. A specimen required to
separate no more than 0.4 mm/s (1 in./min) under a force
of 90 N (20 lbf) could be considered much inferior if the test
result was 2 mm/s (5 in./min). min) ). The same specimen
may not detach at all with a force of 67 N (15 lbf) and may
meet the requirement with a force of 80 N (18 lbf).
53.2 The true adhesion value is not determined in case the
specimens are repeatedly torn. The test, however, indicates
that the adhesion strength exceeds the material strength
and that the adhesion value is not less than the result
obtained. In case of tearing, the results must be so
designated.
53.3 Adhesion values may differ between different layers of
the same construction article and also at different points
along the same layer. The layer-to-layer adhesion value is
taken as the average test result over a reasonable
separation distance. When possible, a separation distance
of at least 100 mm (4 in.) should be used.
54. Report
54.1 The report will include the following
54.1.1 Adhesion test results expressed in accordance with
Sections 53 and 52,
54.1.2 All observations and recorded data on which the
results are based,
54.1.3 Date of manufacture or vulcanization of rubber, if
known,
54.1.4 Test date,
54.1.5 Declaration of the test method used (static mass or
machine),
54.1.6 Test room temperature, and
54.1.7 Dimensions of the test sample.
55. Precision and bias 4
55.1 Precision and bias do not exist for this test method
because the resources necessary for round-robin testing
have not been received.