Eby earth (solid sphere)

GRAVITATION din r

Cvince & Eut Spkere)

0 NEWTON'S LAW OF E GM asm
2
GLRANITATIONAL FORUE R
mass
two point m rOdiom

tor
m
Eeoso

F2-Fal (third law)

Valid
E GMT (
(R) When hLZR
F= M, M
Emaxt 8 (1-
mAX 2GM At depth 'd'
33 R u
> Centra force nce E m ide
Alwaus attrachvve
centre OD E0O
wher TSAR

Lonsav aive toe Ring ar

/nt
R
dustance mm
wniersa bow MEDIUM

JI
NOEFENDENT
centre ro o
aravity pree> b|w Shell/ Holl ow sphere:
al M
at
center

Consider
eaxth4 ody E
For a ath g at
d

FretFt Inside Dutside E- hM

LA
. . 2h d
Force on maSS at E EmAX
Dne to shape e4sth
a t surtare u)
cenre of symm etr|cAl
mass dibhi bw" = O.
T- R KequatrS Kpole ( 9
Fhet on m ok Anu
Solid aphere de-JP
equator(9.+8)
out side Einside m i m at (.3)
Point inside shell = O i d e pole
A

nax at
E CM
not on centre) R3
A Wegnt = 0.S
cente
eath
) aRAVITATIONAL FIELD TEO TR
EswYpee (LV Due to rotat"
B

Fot M <T
m
ACC. due to aravity 9) m -rtLosb

F o r two mass Mm
4 Force with which eaath atAracs eu don' t act alo centea
(Mam), E n D at 'howonds ts centre in weqnt
eanthVetica lly down) now
x (oM F :w ma = MA

A t Surface a eaAh
L8'=-R(wcos6) (,anade
m+M
M
m Ateuaor
-1 R de -Rw
2

K-
R6400 km =6.4X1o° m
no eect 5) vvtaf
M 6xlo" ka At pole
wnis
amal
Small masUPpn bomalh 8P 9
Small
yaniat in 4 otan dec. Valhe b
E Pr rigid body A t height above eumh

aCLt whae
 GRAVITATI ONAL POTENNAL|5 0EAV FOTENTIAL ENERGY (a) Onpital velouby/5akellite
(vey stoy AU: - Waav.foe Wext. FFa 9 GMn =mV
Wext AKG o)
Gravitoi onal potewial ent
Potenti al at a point (V0) a two fmahide systen
VAWent U-m,m m)--1 -
Ve2 v
antvitar^ potential duu point o r system ot parhcles ISatelje is vevolvinq ve
as
M.conbzvas:
n(n-1) cose to ca
kms
V--M (scar) UU2tG3tC4 V R %
epend dm distan

+U23t 24 + U4
on
independud } satel
ma
E CaM Cvectov) Vo
o Point M a s s Time peiod
duL to SYstem Oravitat" P.E a anr3
p v,t..V,scalar) object due to eAMn T2 GAM-
U=-M m -0) Tar3

Potenhiad duu to non aint mes R >Satelute very dose to e

rav. Potential due tw holl ouw >Change m P.E when T 7R

T 2 R
Sphere Spherical hell: obje in taken trom eah aR

JI
0 Outside r>R surnce to h heght 8 1 mih 1.4 hY

V-M »neostahionary wim

satete
Lnstd |Surkace U-Mn T= 2hr move
a sT
eit o t
20 w sam

(Tnside potental sam AU- U-Ui GMmh

Erergy of satelte
LA
aalu points
T
eCuad RCR+L
Potenial at s uraee) = Binding
AU ma E PE K en
Soid sphere hicR
Tota Potenhal Kinthc
O Out side AU= mgh enug eny eunty +Ve
AU=+ve- m min case (mh ) -ve) (-ve) tve)
Sama
AU--Ve when dro ped m h hey
Di h conduion for (e 5b
Surace Y: K
whan phion intem M8R Path and launching Sae
A

V - atuihAal satellite
Vcemersm ESCAPE VELOUTT ) V= 0, e ba
Inside in. velouty beaescape grdv held towardi cente (%)
veve-2nM 24R Ki) oLvL liprcal pat
B

= 11.2 1kms wim 'o'a focas

O n axis of wniform Cirtauar

rom eAsh suLare
V M cirda a
>Angr kai ou point se escape velocly
vin dv -Gdm nikai ho Finally lhody ko o0 H ) V, 2vLVeelliphica
iv V=Ve 2 farabolic
IV= -GM >escape
-GMM
Rth EnaO
ve- R Mh CVVe escape >Hypesbo
R+ Patn
EnY+Ve
V - t-o >Angle projec doest weightiess ness in satellite
makrer
satdlute
Cveoravitas" Kield -Potenha
Moom dont
araien| have atmosphwnp from bmie V
Fe +N F
-dv ot07 Vesape bVms 346 M)
Ve1T 9 Thickam 2CAnn Snce Fcenh wqal o :
gravi'm'
Jpter
>dv:-E.F black hole Vescape sped N
massnm
o weagtlessres
Relation blw Giravitathonad geu ioh
CE)and potentialV) MOTON OF SATELITE
 KEPLER'S LAWS Semi mi noY Laus.
ELipe1 rectum
25|
Focus
k-ae

emm ajoY
-a(1- Axis

eeccenmay Crub
Kepler's I law (Law of orbits)
Al planet move in elliphcal orbit
Wi sun a foci.

Vale)
Apogee far dusanel=ataC
Aphelon distame all+e)

2a =y+2

JI
Major oX)S

b \
velocitu of planet
y,= aM(tO
t penigee tv)
LA
Apogee v: |aM(
a (lte)
T Law ( law O ara)aara
Cohru

>Ptanet don't rewolve artuhd su ww

t Const speed

Planet move tacter wheh it

S eloser to Sun.
A

K.EVK
>Areal velouty planet aDund
Swn iv const
oR
B

lanet sweeps egual uca

nal hme 'inteeval.
Angulos momentum planet
abo ut cun

Lmvr Const (conseved)

areal dt
velociny
Liheas momenhum Cmu is not congt.

PE EC) vay
TI ta(Time puial)
TKr|
V 2 l Vmaxmin in