LATHE LUBRICATION

LUBRICANTS FOR EACH PART OF THE LATHE

The entry of contaminants and contamination with other oils accelerates the degradation of the fluid.
Contamination and poor fluid quality cause increased wear. The equipment will end up failing
Oil analysis detects contamination and lubricant degradation before these circumstances cause lathe
failure
The initial lubrication and greasing of the lathe consists of checking the oil levels through the sight
glasses of the headstock, apron, and feed box. To ensure that there is lubrication. They must be filled
up to half of the display. Likewise, all the points indicated in the drawing must be greased. The oil in the
head, feed box, and apron must be changed 150 hours after the first filling and subsequently every
1000 hours of operation. You should use some of the oils recommended in the table as a reference in
which a list of companies, brands and grades appears. Greasing is also limited to a daily application on
the greasers every 8 hours using an oil can. Additionally, an application on the bench guides is
recommended.

LATHE LUBRICATION SYSTEM

The head bearings and gears carry splash lubrication, augmented by a distributor located under the
layer that is designed to ensure the continuous and directed supply of oil throughout operation. Make
sure the oil level remains full to the shim level mark on the face of the head located near the platen. At
the end of the head is a filler cap that is accessible after removing the end cap. The oil level should be
checked weekly and the oil changed once a year using SHELL TELUS 37 oil or equivalent. Note: If the
wrong quality of oil is used there is a possibility of gearbox overheating damage. All gears are splash
lubricated from a built-in oil bath. On the front face of the gearbox there is an oil level sight glass. The
oil used is SHELL TELUS 37 through the filling elbow. APRON Fill the apron container through the cap
up to the level of the window with SHELL TONNA T68 lubricant. TENSIONING THE GUIDES make
sure the guides are clean and greased. Continually check smooth operation throughout the carriage's
travel; Be careful with the adjustment, this can contribute to wear of the parts. Shell Tellus 37 oil with
the following characteristics: Density at 15°c 0.875 kl/lClosed flash point 210°cDropping point -
30°cViscosity CENTISTOKES 40°c – 36.2100°c – 6.1Viscosity Index 115PERIODIC ATTENTION All
guides have grease fittings, Remember to keep the lathe clean and oiled for best performance. This
must be done once every day, guides the bed, the master spindle and the feed shaft
BEND THE PATTERN PIN AND THE LEAD SHAFT INSTALLATION
Place the lathe on a sturdy foundation leaving enough space to facilitate work and maintenance (see
foundation plan). The lathe can be used simply supported but for greater performance it can be
anchored to the foundation.
TYPES OF LUBRICATION IN OIL BATH MACHINERY
Known as the simplest lubrication method. The oil used by the rotating components of the bearing is
distributed throughout the interior of the bearing and then returns to the oil bath. If the bearing is
inactive, the oil must have a level lower than the center of the rolling element.
OIL LIFTER RING (LUBRICATION RING)
In bearings that operate at high speed, oil lubrication is used, an oil raising ring is used, this ring is
used to induce oil circulation. This ring is located in a castle located on the shaft on one side of the
bearing, submerging in the oil tank located at the base of the collection channel, the ring rotates with
the bearing

OIL CIRCULATION
Operating the bearings at high speeds increases their temperature and accelerates the aging of the oil
used. With the aim of reducing oil changes, oil circulation is used, this system is achieved thanks to a
pump, this allows us to cool the oil and therefore increases
OIL JET
At high speeds the bearing needs a sufficient amount of oil, but not excessive, so that the operating
temperature is adequate. The proper method is oil jetting. Which consists of sending a jet of oil at high
pressure so that it penetrates the entire pipe.
DROP PROJECTION
Also called the oil-air method, it consists of feeding the bearings with very small amounts of oil
transported by compressed air. This minimum amount allows the bearings to maintain an adequate
temperature. Everything is fed through a meter.

COOLING LIQUIDS
The purpose of coolant liquids or fluids is to cool and lubricate the cut, in order to prolong the useful
life of the tool and improve the surface finishing conditions of the material.
Generally, a mixture of soluble oil and water is used, in a ratio of one in thirty.
Currently, the inserts are manufactured with coatings that withstand the high temperatures generated
by the friction of the cut, in order to reduce the use of these fluids, which in the long run generate
serious inconveniences for operators (allergies, skin problems). and in machines (oxidation, premature
wear), allowing “dry” machining.
In any case, in those machining operations in which the use of a suitable lubricant or coolant improves
cutting conditions, their use should not be suspended. Such is the case of drilling, machining of certain
stainless steels, and very soft steels.
SPECIFICATION OF OIL TECHNIQUES

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REFRIGERANT LIQUIDS

During chip removal, the energy supplied due to chip removal and friction between the tool, the
workpiece and the chip is transformed into heat which is absorbed by the working piece, the chip and
the tool. With the strong heating, the workpiece expands. It should not be measured in this state
because it could be too small and, after cooling, it would then turn out to be scrap. By refrigeration, this
heating can be kept within bearable limits. Useful for turning tool steel, they lose their hardness with
temperatures above 200°C, such high-speed steel lose it with temperatures between 500 and 600°C.
By refrigerating them, the load of such tools can be increased, without danger of softening.

In certain cases, the lubricating effect of the oil content of an emulsion can result in an improvement of
the surface of the workpiece and an improvement of the tool.

 Vacmul 224 Oil

 Solvac Oil 1535 G
 Sultan B-6 Oil
 Chevron Elite-Cut AM Metalworking Fluid (synthetic type)

Contains active sulfur and will stain copper and brass.

Features:

 Provides excellent cooling and lubrication in a wide range of machining operations

 Prevents welding of chip and tool

 Rinse chips away from work area

 Protects finished work surfaces, tools and machines from rust and staining

 Amazingly reduces oil mist in high speed machine tools

LUBRICANT FILMS
In any lubrication process, the presence of an element that prevents contact between the surfaces is
necessary. This element, which may be a gas, a liquid or a solid, is placed between both surfaces,
allowing them to slip and reducing friction and wear on them. We will call “film” the portion of the
lubricating element that will facilitate the movement of the components; which are generally metallic.
Lubricating films can be of several types: Fluid Film; Thin Film or Solid Film, as we will see below:

Fluid Film : The moving surfaces are separated, taking advantage of the
thickness and viscosity of the film provided by the lubricant; and through
his own shear effort. The friction and wear generated is minimal, making it the most desired type of
lubrication. The fluid film can be formed in several ways namely:

Hydrodynamic Film : It is formed through the movement of the lubricated surfaces converging at a
point, at which a pressure is generated that allows these surfaces to be kept separated. - Hydrostatic
Film: It is generated by pumping a fluid under pressure between the surfaces, which may or may not be
in motion.

Elasto-Hydrodynamic Film (EHL): EHL films are formed in systems that contain two lubricated metal
surfaces in motion and supporting a certain load. The metallic element deforms slightly and elastically,
allowing the formation of the hydrodynamic film, which separates said surfaces.

Thin Film : Different from the previous consideration, there are systems that, due to design or
limitations of the equipment itself, do not allow continuous and sufficient lubrication. In these cases, it is
lubricated under dosage or, eventually.

Solid Film: There are situations in which lubrication with oils or greases is not possible. Likewise, in
certain systems or equipment the presence of leaks may be observed, or there may be the possibility
of contamination. Under this scenario, it is convenient to think about the application of some agent as a
vehicle, light or low viscosity, that when volatilized leaves a solid film on the moving metals as a
residue. This film will be composed of products with a very low coefficient of friction, such as
Molybdenum Disulfide, Graphite, Mica, etc. The molecules of these products will lodge in the
irregularities of the metal surfaces, filling and matching their cavities, all of which will reduce friction and
wear.

OIL EQUIVALENCES

Cutting Oil AT-100 “Lubricant and Coolant for Lathes”

General product characteristics:

AT-100 cutting oil is a product specially designed to be used in industrial lathes, it cools, lubricates and
cleans.

How to use:
In general use, it is recommended to dilute it in water in a proportion that can vary from 1:10 to 1:20. In
particular conditions, it can be used more diluted, although it is recommended to carry out preliminary
tests, as it may result in damage to the equipment due to lack of lubrication.

Physicochemical characteristics:
Appearance: Viscous translucent liquid
Dark coffee colour
Odor: Characteristic of lubricants
Specific gravity: 0.98
Solubility in water: It is not soluble, but forms very stable dispersions.

Vacmul 224 Oil

This oil is one of the many models in the Vacmul series from the Móvil company, it is designed to meet
the needs of a wide range of finished operations in metallurgy. This oil can be worked on different types
of materials such as steel, aluminum and copper. It is also convenient to use it in the operation of
dresses, bearings and axes, where an excellent surface is always required. Due to the incorporation of
lubrication additives in the product, it can also be used in the work of ductile materials and also the
work with yellow metals.

Chevron Elite-Cut AM Metalworking Fluid (synthetic type)

A versatile, general-purpose cutting oil that is often the most practical oil for workshops and job sites
with centralized cutting oil systems. It can also be used on carbon steels and alloy steels. Provides the
cooling needed for light to moderately severe machining operations. Provides excellent tool life and
finishes in operations such as drilling, tapping, punching, gear planing and turning.
  Solvac Oil 1535 G

 Sultan B-6 Oil

Particle count measures the cleanliness of an oil. Particles are evaluated in five size categories and
reported per 1 ml of fluid. All particles are counted including wear, process and environmental
contaminants. This test is particularly important for clean systems. It has been shown that the
70-85% of lathe component failures are due to particle contamination, with 90% of them due to
abrasive wear.

TABLE OF EQUIVALENCES

YPF SHELL ESSO PETROBRAS

NAPHTHEROUS
ENGINES
ELAION FULL HELIX ULTRA OIL ULTRON OIL SYNTHETIC LUBRAX
PERFORMANCE OIL OIL
HD OIL SUPPLEMENT 1 ROTELLA TX OIL EXTRA ESSO LUBRAX SF/MG1 OIL
OIL
NORMAL OIL MOTOR OIL OIL MOTOR OIL OIL LUBRAX MP OIL/MOTOR
OIL
TRANSMISSIONS
HELICOIDAL M 80W SPIRAX GX/G 80W GEAR OIL GP-D LUBRAX TRM-4 OIL
80W
HYDRO ATF DONAX TM ESSO ATF-D LUBRAX ATF OIL
HYDRO 19 AGRO T / TORQUE FLUID LUBRAX UNITRACTOR
HARVELLA 56 OIL
HYPOIDAL SPIRAX AX/A ESSO GX LUBRAX TRM-5 OIL
TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION ESSO GEAR OIL LUBRAX TRM OIL
ST
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
HYDRAULIC BP TELLUS NUTO H LUBRAX INDUST.HR-EP
OIL
HYDRAULIC HYDROIL ------------------ LUBRAX INDUST.CL-OF
OIL

OIL PERIODICITY
Changing the oil is a fundamental operation to keep the engine in good condition and extend its useful
life. One of the functions of the oil, in addition to lubricating, is to take with it all internal and external
pollution particles (silicon, carbonaceous materials, particles of metals).

These are the agents responsible for oil degradation:

 dilution in water and fuel.

 oxidation.
 the consumption of its additives.
 shearing.

PERIODICITY

The main thing is the periodicity indicated by the manufacturer, in the maintenance manual of the lathe,
this takes into account ideal conditions of use, so it must be modulated based on:

 the lubricant used (viscosity, performance level)

 the use of the lathe.
 the technical and mechanical conditions of the lathe.

If we are using a mineral-based lathe oil, it is good to change it every 4 months, whichever comes first.
It is recommended to regularly check the oil level; An amount less than the minimum mark on the oil
level indicator results in rapid fluid circulation and generates accelerated oil wear and overheating.