Electricity and

Magnetism: A Journey
Through Concepts and
Applications
This presentation will delve into the fascinating world of electricity and
magnetism, specifically focusing on chapters 4, 5, and 6. We will explore the
fundamental concepts, key formulas, and diverse applications that make these
topics so crucial in our modern world.

ST by Siddhartha Tejshvi
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
1 Magnetic Field Due to a Current-Carrying
Wire
The magnetic field generated by a current-carrying
wire is directly proportional to the current and
inversely proportional to the distance from the wire.
This is known as the Biot-Savart Law.
3 Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying
Wire in a Magnetic Field
A current-carrying wire placed in a magnetic field
also experiences a force. This force is perpendicular
to both the current direction and the magnetic field.
Its magnitude depends on the length of the wire, the
current, and the magnetic field strength.
2 Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic
Field
When a charged particle moves in a magnetic field, it
experiences a force that is perpendicular to both the
velocity of the particle and the magnetic field. This
force is described by the Lorentz force law.
4 Torque on a Current Loop in a Magnetic
Field
A current loop placed in a magnetic field experiences
a torque that tends to align the loop with the
magnetic field. This torque is proportional to the
area of the loop, the current, and the magnetic field
strength.
Formulas in Chapter 4
Biot-Savart Law dB = (μ₀ / 4π) * (Idl × r) / r³

Lorentz Force Law F = q(v × B)

Force on a Current-Carrying Wire F = I(l × B)

Torque on a Current Loop τ = NIABsinθ

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Magnetic Permeability
The ability of a material to support
the formation of a magnetic field
within itself. It is represented by the
symbol μ.
Magnetic Susceptibility
The degree to which a material is
susceptible to magnetization. It is
denoted by χ. Materials can be
classified based on their magnetic
susceptibility: diamagnetic,
paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic.
Hysteresis
The lag in magnetization behind the
applied magnetic field. This
phenomenon is crucial for
understanding how materials retain
their magnetic properties even after
the field is removed.
Formulas in Chapter 5
Magnetic Field Intensity
H = B / μ₀ - M

Magnetization
M = χH

Magnetic Permeability
μ = μ₀(1 + χ)

Relative Permeability
μr = μ / μ₀ = 1 + χ
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic
Induction
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction
The induced electromotive force (EMF) in a closed loop is equal
1 to the negative rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop.
This law forms the basis of many electrical generators and
transformers.

Lenz's Law
The direction of the induced current is such that it opposes the
2
change in magnetic flux that caused it. This principle ensures
the conservation of energy.

Motional EMF
When a conductor moves in a magnetic field, an EMF is
3
induced across its ends. This principle is used in many electrical
generators.
Formulas in Chapter 6
Faraday's Law ε = -dΦB / dt
Magnetic Flux ΦB = ∫B dA

Motional EMF ε = Blv

Applications of the Concepts

Electric Motors
These devices use the interaction between magnetic fields and electric currents
to produce rotational motion. They are essential components in many
appliances, machines, and vehicles.

Electric Generators
These devices use the principles of electromagnetic induction to convert
mechanical energy into electrical energy. They are crucial for power generation
in numerous industries.

Transformers
These devices use electromagnetic induction to change the voltage of
alternating current (AC). They are essential for power transmission and
distribution.

Magnetic Recording Devices

These devices use the principles of magnetism to record and store
information. They encompass various technologies like audio and video tapes,
hard drives, and magnetic stripe cards.
Comparing the Chapters

1 Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Focuses on the fundamental principles of magnetic fields
generated by moving charges and the forces experienced by
them. Emphasizes the concept of the magnetic force and its
application.

2 Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Explores the interaction of magnetic fields with different
materials, classifying them based on their magnetic properties.
Introduces the concept of magnetic permeability,
susceptibility, and hysteresis.

3 Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Delves into the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction,
covering Faraday's Law, Lenz's Law, and motional EMF. It
highlights the essential principles behind electric generators,
transformers, and other technologies.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways
The exploration of moving charges and magnetism reveals a fascinating and
fundamental aspect of the physical world. The concepts and principles
discussed in these chapters provide the foundation for numerous modern
technologies. Understanding these topics is essential for anyone seeking to
delve deeper into the intricate world of electricity and magnetism.