INDEX

1. HISTORY AND CULTURE

1.1. Foundation: Circumstances and background
1.2. Stages of development
1.3. Characters
1.4. Heritage
1.5. Parties

2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLE
2.1. Population: Composition, sex, age, EAP
2.2. Occupation: Primary, secondary or tertiary activities
2.3. Sustainability: Predominant economic activity, social issues.

3. URBAN ANALYSIS
3.1. i original breed and by era
3.2. Morphology
3.3. Infrastructure
3.4. Roads
3.5. Land uses
3.6. Heights
3.7. Open space systems

4.1. Building status

4.2. Construction typology
4.3. Architectural typology
4.4. Typology of open spaces
4.5. Landscape
4.6. Visuals
OBJECTIVE:
Protect with an orderly
manner with correct
management for their
preservation over time,
6.1. Geographic Scale
6.2. Structural elements of the landscape protected areas will only
6.3. Textures survive if they are
6.4. Relations considered of value, in
6.5. Dynamics
the broadest sense, by
the entire nation 6.6. Assessment and, in particular, by the local population.
LOCATION – Territorial scale

quequeñ
e

Geographic limits
LOCATION – Territorial scale
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
- For the North :
• Mollebaya District
- In the South:
• Polobaya District
- By the East :
• Pocsi District - West:
• To the West: Yarabamba District (Yarabamba
River -
Quequeña, limit
natural and bordering)

Analysis is a necessary tool to understand, process and intervene seeking to improve,

contribute and preserve what forms identity, reducing migration through collective housing
LOCATION – Territorial scale
ROADS

Arterial Route: It has

CONCLUSIONS the Main Plaza as a
TOPOGRAPHY visual ending and
marks the entrance
The district of Quequeña presents to
an undulating topography and very Quequeña
rugged relief with hills, pampas, Collector Road:
ravines, corners, terraces, caves Connect Quequeña
and some plains on the slopes of
the hills, this due largely to its with Pocsi
location within the Quechua region
(Pulgar Vidal , Javier — 1981) Local Roads:
which includes altitudes of 2,300
to 3,500 meters above sea level. CHACHANI MISTI PICHU PICHU Connect Quequeña

ALTITUDE

The district of Quequeña is

located at 2,250 meters above sea
level

South latitude 16 33'18"

North longitude 71027' 03"
THA
T
 INDEX

HISTORY AND CULTURE REFERENTIAL FRAMEWORK

BOOK: Quequeña – Municipality of Quequeña, Cerro
Green
FOUNDATION COFOPRI subdivision plan
Development and important events COFOPRI topographic map

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Evolution of the town

CHARACTERS

HERITAGE

CUSTOMS, FESTIVALS AND TRADITIONS

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

History: History is the science that has as its object of study the past of humanity and as its method that of the social sciences. The historical
period that passes from the appearance of writing to the present is also called "history."
Culture: Culture is generally a complex whole that includes knowledge, art, beliefs, law, morals, customs and all the habits and skills acquired by
man not only in the family, but also by being part of a society. society as a member that he is.
Heritage: Heritage is the cultural heritage of a community's past, with which it currently lives and which it transmits to present and future
generations.
HISTORY AND
CULTURE
 HISTORY AND
Stages of development
CULTURE
The original urban layout remains,
narrow streets, some without
sidewalks, maintaining the housing
lots from the time of the republic.

The streets "alleys" were recently

paved for better movement of
livestock and also
Velazco's Agrarian reform marks a
stage in the development of the
district.
vehicular.

The most representative characters of

Quequeña are the 6 martyrs who were
shot by the Chilean army during the

Characters
Pacific War on November 24, 1883.

1. Liborio Linares
2. Manuel B. Linares
3. Angel Figueroa
4. Luciano Ruiz
5. Juan de Dios Acosta
6. Jose Mariano Avila
 HISTORY AND
■Religious ideas _ this one from San José Ina Santa in Chapi “sidro Labrador
CULTURE
in the Immaculate Conception
Heritage
"s the Saints Ja of the Kings

Archaeological sites:
• Huanaqueros
• Quebrada Honda
• Gayalopo
• Puentelón Andenería
• Ceramics from Soncomarca

Architectural Monuments:
• Church of San José de Quequeña
• The House of the Martyrs
• Large houses around the square

Customs, festivals
and traditions
Custom of offerings: The Convite
Carnival Festival
The Feast of the Martyrs and
District Anniversary Tradition of
the souls Tradition of the Priest
Tradition of the Headless Priest
Tradition of the Devil
HISTORY AND
CULTURE
INDEX
POPULATION
Demographic growth rate Population characteristics By age REFERENTIAL
FRAMEWORK
By area of residence
By sex
Production 2004 INEI data, population and
Sources of income demographics
Data from the Ministry of Culture of Peru
ESTATE UN data
Building status
Predominant materials

SERVICES
Drinking water Electric light
Drain
Education level

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Agriculture : is the set of techniques and knowledge to cultivate the land and the part of the primary sector that is dedicated to it. It includes the
different soil treatment works and vegetable crops. It includes a whole set of human actions that transforms the natural environment.
Socio-Economic: It is the mix of mental and social changes of a locality that makes it competent to increase its standard of living progressively and
permanently, through the use of its own natural and human resources.
PEA: Corresponds to the effective labor force of a country, as it is made up of people of Working Age (P ET). In other words, it corresponds to the
individuals who participate in the labor market, whether they have found a job or No.
SOCIO-
ECONOMIC
VARIABLE AC
E

CONCLUSIONS
The population invests in agriculture.

An important economic activity

currently is tourism.

Agriculture is the main source of

sustenance and income for the
residents of Quequeña.

Smallholder exploitation
predominates, being an obstacle to
technical and intensive production.

Water is a problem in production.

 SO
ECONOIMCAS
VARIABLE
INDEX
REFERENTIAL FRAMEWORK
Cultural Center in Cabayal, Architecture and place - Marta Sancho
Urban Design Manual- J. Bazan
ANALYSIS AND URBAN Urban image- Joaquin Zegarra
IMAGE The Urban Landscape - GORDON CULLEN
Class - Landscape and culture as urban image design, J. Bazan - Edward
urban layout
Chuquimia
Evolution of the urban layout URBAN IMAGE- KEVIN Lynch
Infrastructure COFOPRI subdivision plan
Hydraulics COFOPRI topographic map
Drain Data from the Ministry of Culture of Peru
Electric power
Telephony
Internet

Roads

LAND USES
HEIGHTS
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Paths: He classified paths as all those streets, roads or trails along which people can be transported, either by vehicle or on foot.
Edges or limits: He named edges all those elements that delimit areas or that prevent transportation from one place to another. Neighborhoods or
districts: Neighborhoods or districts referred to areas that had similar characteristics. Neighborhoods were also considered sections of the city. with
dimensions big.
Nodes: As strategic points in the city that an observer can enter. It can also be a crossing or convergence of paths. Milestones: He pointed them out as
reference points that were impressive when viewed. He said that the viewer did not enter it, they only received the impact of seeing it, and it also served
as another point of reference. The milestone or marker is exterior.
Roads : Term used to generically designate the set of infrastructures that form the network of urban and interurban roads through which traffic
develops. Therefore, this word includes, in a broad sense, all the concepts related to the word circulation.
ANALYSIS AND URBAN IMAGE
URBAN TRACE

1952
CREATION OF POLOBAYA

PLOT EVOLUTION:

In the city of Arequipa, after the arrival of the

Spanish, three types of layout emerged: The Spanish
layout, the reductional layout and the layout on pre-
existing pre-Hispanic groupings, placing Quequeña
in the latter model of urban layout. This type of
layout evolved according to the topography and
almost radially with respect to the central square
and church imposed by the Spanish.

PRESENT:

Currently the layout is organic with slopes and

without the use of stands due to the presence of
livestock.
ANALYSIS AND URBAN IMAGE
INFRASTRUCTURE - HYDRAULICS

WATER SERVICE:
The urban area does not have drinking water since SEDAPAR does not yet provide this service in the area.
But if it has the water supply service from the Polobaya reservoir, with untreated spring water, it is used for both domestic use and agricultural use that occurs in the town of Quequeña.
83% of the population has this service while the remaining 17% does not have this service since they are abandoned homes or undeveloped land.

For this service, residents pay S/. 5.00 monthly, if they have drainage and S/. 3.00 monthly if they do not have drainage service. The disadvantage of this service is that if a pipe or drain
breaks, this service will be cut off for an indefinite period of time, it could be a week, a month or up to 2 months, damaging this to the town of Quequeña
and its production agriculture, due to not having a stable water supply service.
SERVICE MAPPING: WATER SUPPLY

WITH
WATER
WITHOUT
WATER
ANALYSIS AND URBAN IMAGE
INFRASTRUCTURE - DRAINAGE

SERVICE OF ENDOWMENT
OF
DRAIN:

76% of the population of Quequeña

has this service, including housing,
equipment urban and
orchard homes, and 100% of these
have water supply service. While the
remaining 24% do not have this
service within these homes and
unbuilt lots or in a state of
abandonment.
ANALYSIS AND URBAN IMAGE
INFRASTRUCTURE - LIGHT

SERVICE PROVISION SERVICE OF

ENERGY
ELECTRICAL:

92% of the population of Quequeña

has electricity service, within these
are homes and commercial areas,
while the remaining 8% does not
have this service, within which the
majority are abandoned unbuilt
land, constructions in poor
condition or ruined.
ANALYSIS AND URBAN IMAGE
INFRASTRUCTURE - TELEPHONY

TELEPHONE PROVISION SERVICE:

2% of the population of Quequeña has the

provision service of
telephony, the majority are shops and
commercial lots and 0.5% of them are
homes. Therefore, the majority are public
telephones.

CONTELEPHON
E
NO PHONE
ANALYSIS AND URBAN IMAGE
INFRASTRUCTURE - INTERNET

SERVICE SUPPLY OF
INTERNET:

1% of the population of Quequeña

has internet service and among
them are the Municipality and the
“Casa de la Cultura” development
center where schoolchildren have
access to this benefit since the
population does not have internet in
their homes. and this is the only
center where residents can access
information.
ANALYSIS AND URBAN IMAGE
ROADS

1 Arterial Route: It has the Main Plaza as a

visual finishing point and marks the entrance
to Quequeña

2 Collector Road: They give access to

adjacent properties and uses located on their
margins.

3 Collector Road: Connects Quequeña with

Pocsi

4 Local Roads: Connect Quequeña with

Sogay
ANALYSIS AND URBAN IMAGE LAND USE
ANALYSIS AND URBAN IMAGE
BUILDING HEIGHTS

SONCAMARCA IMPONENT
STREET
LIMA
STREET
HEIGHTS:

The traditional town of Quequeña

is characterized by having a profile
horizontal urban, the only
imposing construction being the
church, having a height greater
than 10m in the highest part, the
bell tower. The others
The buildings that make up the

85% BUILDINGS
town do not exceed two levels,
thus maintaining in Quequeña the
scale and proportion that exists
1 FLOOR
14% OF 2 FLOORS
between the open space and the
building.

BUILDINGS

1% OF 3 FLOORS
ANALYSIS AND URBAN IMAGE
URBAN IMAGE

The urban image of Quequeña has

evolved over time. Currently it is
the result of an urban plot based on
pre-Hispanic groupings also
influenced by the existing
topography, which is very rugged,
causing the town to develop. in
slopes except for the plaza, which
remains at the same level. The
situation of basic services (urban
infrastructure) is a reflection of the
economic situation of the residents
and the result of different factors MAIN MILESTONES MAIN EDGE MAIN VIEWPOINT
such as their location, his
activities S8888888888 SECONDARY EDGE SECONDARY VIEWPOINT
primary schools and their level of SECONDARY
education. MILESTONES
MAIN PATH MAIN
MAIN NODES
NEIGHBORHOOD
SECONDARY PATH SECONDARY
SECONDARY NODES
DISTRICT
INDEX
REFERENTIAL FRAMEWORK
Historical architecture and rehabilitation criteria - Santiago de Compostela
Consortium Rehabilitation Office
The Urban Landscape - GORDON CULLEN
Class - Landscape and culture as urban image design, J. Bazan - Edward Chuquimia
COFOPRI subdivision plan
COFOPRI topographic map
Data from the Ministry of Culture of Peru

DATE OF BUILDING
Construction period
Year of construction

ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGY
Location
Typology I
Typology II
Typology III

TYPE OF OPEN SPACES

Types of open spaces
DATE OF BUILDINGS

1908 1935 1951

SLOPED ROOF

SLOPED ROOF

DECORATION LINTE
S
DATING L
ARCH LINTEL SIDE PILASTERS

SIDE PILASTERS

DATIN
G

Without
1935 1938 1965 1700 date
– 1800's
1900's
1910's
1920's
1930's
1940's
1950's
1960's
Contemp.

In the evolution of housing we can observe that over time they become simpler in terms of
their composition. On the other hand, materials and construction techniques are changing,
especially with the appearance of concrete. Because of this, some contemporary houses
alter the landscape due to the application of architectural styles foreign to the traditional
town. At the same time, the programs are being reduced because agricultural activity is
becoming scarce in the country's latest crises.
COURSE: ARCHITECTURE, LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING
WORKSHOP III CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF SANTA MARIA.
LOCATION OF THE TYPOLOGIES OF
LIVING PLACE

TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND URBAN IMAGE LOCATION OF THE

TYPOLOGIES D

TYPOLOGY I

TYPOLOGY II

TYPOLOGY III
TYPOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL

TYPOLOGY
I
1940

TYPOLOGY II
1953

TYPOLOGY TYPOLOGY TYPOLOGY

I II III
38.51% 33.33% 28.14%

1963 - 1979
TYPOLOGY III 1940
1963
ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGY
TYPOLOGY I

Org. Org. Org. Environmental Syst.

functiona Space Formal conditioning Constructive
l

1. main entrance from the 1. (Social) area next to the Street

plaza
2. entrance to the room 2. Private area (blue) controlled by
the hallway
Spaces that contract and expand,
3. secondary entrance
pointing to natural ends such as hills,
to the corral
vegetation and the sky.
In terms of formality, the house
is basically a volume containing
a patio/corral. This block is
divided by the hallway.
The porosity of the ashlar causes heat waves to pass
through the material quickly. However, the compacted
gravel slows down the passage of heat waves, thus
causing it to be thermally insulated.
As shown, the solar incidence on the vegetation causes
it to perspire due to its humidity and with the
direction of the winds it causes fresh air to enter the
spaces.
 ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGY

TYPOLOGY II
Org. Org. Org. Conditioning
functiona Space Formal Syst.
l Constructive

1. Main income The patio as an organizer containing the In formal terms, the house is 1. Lighting is given through the patio due to
dining room space. In addition to being locating along the
2. Hallway its location giving the advantage of being able to be
a facilitator for the surveillance of terraces leaving spaces with illuminated during much of the day and at dusk and in
addition to the use of materials
farmland and contributing to the hierarchy such as the dining
3. rustic oven room towards the outside
lighting of the home.
4. Kitchen contained in a patio, with a view fig.2
of the countryside.
1 • The humidity of the earth is transmitted to the ashlar
5. The house is buried at half level, this In addition, the construction
environments is
causing a temperate-cold climate on hot days and frigid on cloudy days.
Living causes its partial integration into the buried at half level
6. Bedrooms
room environment because despite its due to its terraces.
7. SSHH existence and its height it does not
modify the landscape, making the
8. Dining room visuals and scale prevail (as shown in 1 • Calamine material with low thermal
9. Farmland the section). coefficient.

10. settled road

2 .
Clay omelette prevents the rapid escape of
heat during the night
TYPOLOGY
ARCHITECTURAL
TYPOLOGY III

Org. Org. Org. Environmental

functiona Space Formal Syst.
conditioning Constructive
l

1. Main income Fig.2

Fig.l The porch (2) has the In terms of formality, it can be

2. Porch seen that the field is contained
function of dividing the spatial
3. Hallway relationship between the street (9) by the house on one side.
However, on the other side the
and the house, giving it greater
4. Kitchen-dining privacy.
field escapes to meet the hills
room Fig.2, as can be seen, the hallway in that enclose Quequeña.
5. Bedroom this case goes from being a fig.l
6. SSHH mediator between the interior and 1Ventilation in the case of this home occurs through the
hallway (3) which channels the winds towards the interior
exterior,
to be a distributor connector an spaces
7. Vegetable garden within interior spaces; like d
the fig.2
8. Farmland these with the outside.
of 1. The lighting is given due to the orientation of the house
with a rear garden allowing the sun to enter through the
9. Main access road to openings as shown in the diagrams.

Quequeña
TYPE OF OPEN SPACES

MUNICIPALITY
Main square
As you can see the main space of the traditional town of Quequeña; The square is the first
monumental element that welcomes you to have the town church as a background. This is
asymmetrical in shape, forming smaller squares and nooks.
• Made up of green areas, hard areas, and water sources.
• Surrounded by important facilities: Church, municipality, initial and primary school.
• Scene of trade fairs and festivities.
The multiple activities that take place in the Plaza de Quequeña end up extending its limits using the
surrounding homes and facilities as delimiters.

COURSE: ARCHITECTURE, LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING

WORKSHOP III CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF SANTA MARIA.
TYPE OF OPEN SPACES

The viewpoint located in the highest parts shows the most representative elements of Quequeña as a
backdrop of the hills, the countryside and the construction buildings.
This viewpoint offers a 180 view as it is semicircular in shape. On the other hand, there is a contradiction in
having the benches in a bad location with their backs to the landscape.

COURSE: ARCHITECTURE, LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING

WORKSHOP III CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF SANTA MARIA.
TYPOLOGY OF OPEN SPACES - MIRADO

In the open space system we can find the connection that the plaza has as a distributor
between the viewpoints on both sides of the town.

COURSE: ARCHITECTURE, LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING

WORKSHOP III CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF SANTA MARIA.
 INDEX
REFERENTIAL FRAMEWORK
COFOPRI subdivision plan
COFOPRI topographic map
Data from the Ministry of Culture of Peru
Methodological Guide to the Landscape - Generalitat Valenciana

NORMATIVITY
Land use

CONSERVATION
Venice menu
Metropolitan development plan

URBAN PARAMETERS
Standard A140, Article 7
Standard A140, Article 10
Standard and management

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Urban Parameters : It is a document issued by district municipalities. This document details the parameters that regulate buildings on an urban
property. These depend on the zoning in which the property is located, in which you can find data such as land use, building coefficient, percentage of
free area, maximum and minimum building height, setbacks, etc.

Standard A-140: This standard aims to regulate the execution of works on immovable cultural property, in order to contribute to the enrichment and
preservation of urban space and architectural heritage.
pampas of Cu ral v de la Estrella______________________
REGULATORY
To the south of the City between Socabaya. Yarabamba and I

FRAMEWORK URBAN ZONING

Based on the classification of the soil by general conditions of use, the
different types of soil have been located in the City of Arequipa as described
below (See Plan N 30).
SPECIAL USE
a) The Urban Land of the city of Arequipa covers a territorial area of
8,203.4 hectares.

b The Urbanizable Land in the city of Arequipa is mainly affected in

the following areas NOMENCLATURE
CLASSIFICATIO
To the North West of the city of Arequipa, between the N
Special Regamertacin Area

c) The Non-Developable Land is located to the north and northeast

of the city of Arequipa,
ZonaNaduralEspeda
CONCLUSIONS Metropolitan Development Plan Zoning keaAqiool
a
Expansion
AgrcdaBaborackón:
QUEQUEÑA is considered a qupo AOPan21
special regulation area (ZRE)
what is
conformed by sets
urban areas, monuments of
Urban expansion area:
historical value and rural Low density residential
landscapes of special value,
heritage of urban evolution and (ZG-RDB)
development of the city.
Where compatible uses are
proposed: culture, controlled
tourism, passive recreation,
worship and local administration b)
and management, as well as
residence in harmony with the
Developabl
Those plots declared as suitable for urbanization are classified as Utbanzable
characteristics urban e Land :
Land and include the areas programmed for urban expansion (short, medium,
and
architecture of the area. and long term, etc. | of this lulur City Plan
http://sieteesquinas.com/
blog/2 012/11/ AREQUIPA
 LETTER MONUMENTS DECLARED IN QUEQUEÑA
INTERNATIONAL
ON House of Martyrs
CONSERVATION AND
THE
RESTORATION OF
MONUMENTS AND SITES
( - CA C m R O an T N t A e S n E i D m
RV
E ie A nt V C o I , E O co N N n E s c e o
C r n vas s IA t c a ió n 1 n ci 9 d a e e 6 l n
4e)l
subsisting traditional framework and
conservation of elements that
they make up the monument.
- RESTORATION preserve the
aesthetic and historical values,
respecting the ancient absence of
the monument, the replacement
elements must be harmoniously
integrated, clearly distinguishing
themselves from the original
ensemble.
- MONUMENTAL PLACES especially
cared for to safeguard their
integrity and ensure their
sanitation, treatment and
enhancement.
- EXCAVATIONS must be carried out
according to scientific and
archaeological standards,
excluding any reconstruction
work, only anastylosis can be
taken into account.
- DOCUMENTATION AND
PUBLICATION The works will
always be accompanied by
precise documentation deposited
in the archives of a public
organization.
 URBAN PARAMETERS: According to standard A140, article 7 of the INC

URBAN PARAMETERS: According to standard A140, article 10 of the

INC

CONCLUSIONS that responds to formal and functional roots. TRADITIONAL CONFORMATION AND
Quequeña, being a traditional town, is governed by the Article 10 highlights the conservation of the ASPECT
regulations given by the INC, which give urban values of the historical area, elements and MATERIALS, COLOR,
parameters to respect in case of intervention in these materials that determine the image, such as the TEXTURE
areas. urban morphology of the traditional town and
RELATIONSHIP OF SPACES
Article 7 describes the need to respect the urban the relationship between the urban and the rural.
URBAN - RURAL - LANDSCAPE
profile, which is determined by volumes, heights and URBAN MORPHOLOGY
facades. The objective is to preserve the volumetry TOWN
 REFERENTIAL FRAMEWORK AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
LANDSC Methodological Guide to the Landscape - Generalitat Valenciana
Characterization of landscape units and delimitation of landscape units, characterization of the
landscape - Generalitat Valenciana

APE Characterization of the landscape units (sheets) - Generalitat Valenciana

European Landscape Convention
Visual analysis- landscape visibility- Huerta de Valencia Urban Design Manual- J. Bazan
The Urban Landscape - GORDON CULLEN
1. Geographic Scale Study guide, impact and landscape integration - Junta de Galicia
1.1 Landscape structure Class - Landscape and culture as urban image design, J. Bazan - Edward Chuquimia
1.2 Boundaries Visual Landscape Study - Generalitat Valenciana
1.3 Landscape units COFOPRI subdivision plan
COFOPRI topographic map
2. Structural elements of the
landscape
2.1 Relief THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.2 Geomorphology
2.3 Altitude Landscape : according to the European convention, the landscape plays an important role of general interest in the
2.4 Earrings cultural, ecological, environmental and social fields, it constitutes a favorable resource for economic activity and its
3.1 Ground Cover protection, management and planning contribute to the creation of employment.
3.2 Color palettes It is landscape at the same time, a physical reality and the representation that we culturally make of it, the external and visible
3.3 Lines physiognomy of a certain portion of the earth's surface and the individual and social perception that it generates. A geographical
tangible and its intangible interpretation. It is at the same time signifier and signified, the container and the content, reality and
3.4 Volumes
fiction (NOGUE, J. 2008 ) Landscape study: Instrument for the protection, organization and management of the landscape,
identifying the character of a territory, landscape values. (Landscape Study-Valencia)
4. Relations Pattern: Areas that have the same landscape character. (Landscape Study - Valencia)
4.1 Functional Landscape unit: Geographic area with a structural, functional or perceptually differentiated, unique and singular configuration
4.2 Formal that has been around for a long period of time, identified by its internal coherence and its differences with respect to adjacent
4.3 Ecological units (Regulation of the Valencian Community)
Haptic System: “I face the city with my body; my legs measure the length of the arcades and the width of the square; My gaze
5. Dynamics unconsciously projects my body onto the façade of the cathedral, where it wanders through the moldings and contours, feeling
5.1 settlement system the size of the recesses and projections; The weight of my body meets the mass of the cathedral door and my hand grips the door
5.2 forest mosaic handle as I enter the dark void behind. I feel myself in the city and the city exists through my embodied experience. The city and
my body complement and define each other: I live in the city and the city lives in me” (Pallasmaa, 2012a, p. 41-42).
6. Assessment Degree of enclosure : It is an important spatial factor, especially to locate functions that are influenced by the need for circulation
6.1 Ecological values links with other spaces or scenic views (Urban design manual – Jan Bazant)
6.2 Historical values
6.3 Productive values
6.4 Social values

7. Landscape Perception
STRUCTURE OF
THE
LANDSCAPE
D
TERRITORY E
IDENTITY
SOCIOECONOMIC
BIOLOGICAL CYCLES
CULTURAL EVOLUTION
N
SOCIAL RESPONSES
T
PROCESSES- FORM AND CULTURAL I
CONCLUSIONS THE D
It will be understood as any part of the
territory as perceived by the population, ORGANISATION
whose character is the result of the action
and interaction of natural and/or human
CLIMATIC
factors - European Landscape Convention VARIABILITY CULTURAL INTERPRETATION – VALUE

Define the physical, material dimension of the landscape, through the units of the landscape, preserving culture and history, the landscape is defined as a
consequence of the interaction between the components, understanding it from: PHYSICAL- CULTURAL – HISTORICAL- SOCIAL
BOUND
ARIES
 VISUAL LIMITS

Fig3: Horizontality

CONCLUSIONS
To propose the limits of the landscape we have used two means, the first is to define the limits of the landscape through the two main places of visibility of the visual limits of the landscape (fig 1) and identification
of the elements through which we will study the structuring of the landscape. In addition to being able to establish limits between landscape units, the landscape is a sequence of scenarios, a more horizontal
scenario (fig 3), a scenario where the two moments intersect (fig4), a scenario where the verticality of the mountains is more noticeable. (fig 5. fig 6), the second consists of proposing limits through the patterns
identified on a local scale, identifying two well-marked patterns (fig 2).

TRADITIONAL VILLAGE NON-VISIBLE AREAS

Fig4: Transition scene

PLACES OF VISIBILITY OF
VISIBLE AREAS LIMITS

LIMITS BY PATTERNS

Fig5: verticality

Fig6: Space Containers

URBAN PATTERN AGRICULTURAL PATTERN CONNECTIONS –

PATTERN BOUNDARIES
LANDSC
UsingAPEthe local landscape analysis scale we can identify the landscape elements of the object of study through patterns that make up the landscape unit
(fig1). The units have the elements of singularity, landscape resources, change processes and their main conflicts.

CONCLUSIONS
The organization of the landscape is
composed of four patterns, with two types
of transitions to the north, it is surrounded
by mountainous limits that contain the
urban space (fig 4, fig5).

To the south the horizontality is reinforced

by the agricultural pattern and the slope
(fig 2, fig 3), in the transition of patterns CONTINUITY AND SEPARATION OF SPACES – CONTENT DELIMITATION AND LIMIT OF PATTERNS Fig1: Definition of landscape patterns

there are planes where more than one

combined pattern.

HILLSIDE
WATERLESS LANDS

Fig5 TRANSFER BETWEEN

PATTERNS
DYNAMIC
Retrospectively to know the experienced evolution of the landscape through its significant transformations, and to be able to identify future
trends,

Fig1: First interventions in the natural area

Fig5: current situation of the urban

The transformations analyzed below are the result of the latest changes marked by the main events that
structure
have brought demographic changes, in the economic model, which took place in the change of the
landscape (fig1, fig2, fig3, fig 4) until today. (fig 5)

The abandonment of crops is causing the degradation of traditional

agricultural structures, such as abandoned chair houses, terraces, roads,
migration and abandonment of the town due to lack of infrastructure will
bring its depopulation, we can take as a strategist the complemented densification of basic services for development,

Fig4: Depopulation and sporadic construction on the plots

RELIEF AND ALTITUDE
TOPOGRAPHY AND RELIEF

SSi,2- K 58 ma < i The district of Quequeña presents an

undulating topography and very
. H or 4 v
rugged relief with hills, pampas,
ravines, corners,
rinconadas,
terraces, platforms,
caves and
caverns
some plains
ALTITUDE and on
some
theplains
slopesonofthe
theslopes
hills,
of
which
Thethe hills,
includes
district
districtwhichaltitudes
includes
Quequeñ of
of
altitudes
2,300
Quequeña to
2,300
3,500 to
meters
3,500 above
meters sea
above
level.
sea level.
located at 2,540 meters above a
sea.
sea level
sea. latitude 16033'18"
South
North longitude 71027' 03"

MISTI PICHU PICHU

3Hte3 3,000 meters above

sea level.
3 4-F

2,550 meters
above sea QUEQUEÑ
level.
YARABAMBA 17
-3 ,and A—-i-sp—mmegege
NisemveereivcG HILL
2,530 meters
above sea

,-h
level.

SONCCOMARCA
GEOMORPHOLOG
Y
FERTILE SOIL, CULTIVATION LAND

CONCLUSIONS SOIL OF VARIABLE TEXTURE:

METAMORPHIC ROCK, COARSE SAND
TYPES OF SOIL AND GRAVEL
The soils have a characteristic that FLOO CURRENTLY URBANIZED,
gradually changes taking into account R BEING FERTILE AREA
their proximity to the river area. The BEFO
area that borders the river has a RE
FLOO WITH WATER TABLE 15m
water table in its soils at an average R
DEPTH FROM
depth of 15 m, however over the years
this has been decreasing. The lower RIVER AREA
part of the district is formed by clayey
sediments that allow the traditional
extractive and productive brick olivine rocks
activity.
The upper part of the district has a
soil with a variable and very irregular Large amount of clay.
texture due to ancient alluvial
phenomena with a predominance of
rocks, coarse sand and gravel.
Black tourmaline
("chorlo")
Volcanic breccia or
conglomerate
TIME
CLIMATE - SLOPES

CONCLUSIONS
The Climate is temperate dry,
considering an average annual
temperature of 19 C with the absence
of precipitation and average relative
humidity of 26% similar to the rest of
the Province of Arequipa, or although
somewhat drier than Arequipa and with
more hours of Sun; During the night the
feeling of cold increases considerably,
reaching a minimum of 4ºC in the
winter season.

NE TRADE WINDS
MAXIMUM
TEMPERATURE

MINIMUM
TEMPERATURE
HYDROGRAP
HY

CONCLUSIONS
HYDROGRAPHY

place of frequent storms, with lightning

strikes and copious rains. It has the
Quequeña river that originates from the
Poroto and Uzuña rivers and runs through
its entire length.

Irrigation water is very scarce, but despite

the fact that all the lands are irrigated
through two intakes, canals or irrigation
ditches that capture the waters of the
Yarabamba or Quequeña river and the
intake: Acequia alta, which originates at
the foot of the Camerana hill and Low
irrigation ditch, which also originates at
the foot of said hill
TEXTURES GROUND COVERS

Soil cover is made up of natural elements, crops and land occupation

processes (terracing, roads, highways, buildings, etc.)

The composition of these layers results in the chromatic palettes, lines,

volumes and textures of the landscape.

It is important to identify the location of each of the layers to understand

the ecosystem and the functionality of the landscape.
TEXTURES CHROMATIC PALETTES, LINES AND VOLUMES

Vegetation reinforces the balance between natural and artificial components. It acquires importance in the environmental color palette when it stands out above the predominant
colors of the architecture. The colors of the buildings fade before the purity and chromaticity of the green spaces.
TEXTURES CHROMATIC PALETTES, LINES AND VOLUMES

open landscape Vertical oblique position

position Focused landscape
closed
• On the contrary, in spaces with little vegetation where the view is outlined by buildings, the vegetation plays its role by drawing attention as a crucial
element , but it is not the element that predominates in the color palette .
• Size of the space and its limits : Important to determine the total visual impact , as well as its potential to establish a certain function . Size can be
evaluated in terms of surface area and its size relationship with other neighboring spaces.
• The degree of enclosure : a person near a topographic mass, vegetation or some other obstacle will tend to look away. It is important to analyze these
aspects because certain qualities of the landscape serve to attract a use.
TEXTURES CHROMATIC PALETTES, LINES AND VOLUMES

Horizontal position The different soil covers are the pieces that make up the landscape and the different compositions
panoramic that we can observe.
landscape
TEXTURES CHROMATIC PALETTES, LINES AND VOLUMES

Man-made elements are interventions within the natural landscape.

Each of them has certain characteristics that change the urban image, starting with a visual process until culminating in a
haptic result.
The visual change is the beginning of the sensory experience. The changes from light to shadow, from cold to heat, from
noises, aromas. A sensory cumulative effect.
 GE NAME SCIENTIST TRUNK
OF E APPROX
CUP FOLIAR

• Yo
a
WILLO BABYLONIAN
■ W SALIX
466.52 12U

Yo
RELATIONS 2
EI
FUNCTIONAL, FORMAL AND ECOLOGICAL
3
FICUS F1CUS SHARP

VILCOS ACACIA SP
L.L.
w
3154.59

662.67
4.5 - 25M

8-15

'
l
• w
PALMS AFEACEAS +20.53 12 - 25M
Y
o
1
• k
MOL SCHINUS
5 LES NOLLE
«6.50 15 M

6
EUCALY
PTUS
EUCALYPTUS
_l +23.65 15-30

Yo
• Y
JACAR JACARANDA
7 ANDA MIMOSIFELA
1553.04 8 -12M

Yo
Willow, Molle
•
CUCAR
8 DAS
HIBISCUS 1633,04 8 -12M

Higera QUECHUA REGION

3
•
FIG
TREE
FICUS CARICA
Yo 278.56 3 - 7M

Location: 2500- 3500

LN
• •
1 ACACIA
ACACIA
400.80 IO V
0 DEALBATA

Yo
&
CONIFE
r R
PINIDAE 265.5 8—12

• t
1 PINE PINE
345.76 16 - 40M
2 TREE SYLVESTN5

Ficus, Palm Tree, Vilcos,

Molle,
Jacaranda, Cucardas
Daisies
Truffles
Formal structure is a reflection of a
network of relationships and processes
in natural systems.
It is essential to avoid habitat
fragmentation. Flow areas (Habitat,
Molle, connector, matrix) function at different
Eucalyptus territorial scales.

river grove rock

VEGETATIO
N The main conditioning factors of vegetation are:
- The climate: the great climatic contrasts that characterize
our country provide a great variety of species.
- -Position factor: the situation of the Iberian Peninsula has
also favored the development of very different plant
species.
- -Relief and soils: the relief influences the vegetation due
to the altitude and the nature of the soils, since each
species tends to a different type of soil.
- Human action: has introduced modifications within the
POLLUTION: Establish
vegetation and a certain deterioration. Besides the
barriers perpendicular to
the wind to control noise.
deforestation, which controlled brings benefits to the
environment.

PROTECTION: In
summer tree mass
NE TRADE WINDS
produces shade.

CONTROL: Of the winds

LANDS VISUAL, PRODUCTIVE, HISTORICAL AND
SOCIAL VALUE
CAPE It has qualities and advantages that make a

-The district of Quequeña

PRODUCTIVE VALUE
ROUTE TO MIRADO MIRADOR
CROPPING AREAS
platforms, plots.
VISUALS • VISUAL MILESTONE

sustainable tourism product design possible.

-Its beautiful combination of

nature and culture is a
comparative advantage.

-It has landscape values that

are appreciated by its
inhabitants.

HISTORICAL VALUE SOCIAL VALUE

_ Historical Paths Cultural heritage (Landscape Values according to

population
_ Walking trails
LANDS ENVIRONMENTAL AND
LANDSCAPE QUALITY
CAPE
01 HYDROGRAPHY
Spaces that have some degree of protection.
The Yarabamba River and the Quequeña
River are the sources from which water is
collected to irrigate crop fields.

02 REPRESENTATIVENESS
The Hill Sonccomarca is the
element Representa
tive landscape of Queuqeña with
an Imposing White Christ on the
top, from which you can see
agricultural terraces, the
countryside and a beautiful view
of the Quequeña District.
3" '

Cerro Sonccomarca
LANDS
03 INTEREST IN ITS CONSERVATION
CAPE ENVIRONMENTAL AND LANDSCAPE QUALITY
LANDSCAPE
LANDSCAPE ENVIRONMENTAL
VISUAL VALUE
QUALITY
05 06
QUALITY OF THE SCENE
LANDSCAPE

The plots, hills and landscape is a sum

terraces observed of various natural
from the two main components, which
viewpoints give indicate its high
Quequeña a first- environmental
rate visual resource. quality.
The Quequeña
 -The Sonccomarca hill
forms a visual reference for
the population.

-Singular landscape with

the presence of scenarios
with high visual quality.
-It has landscape resources worthy of
protection.

Landscape with areas of high visual

exposure .
LANDSC
LANDSCAPE SUMMARY OF VALUES
VISUAL VALUE
APE
Visual value
Landscape value
Visual value
Landscape
Historical value Historical value Value
Social value Very high value
Landscape social value
Historical value
Very high productive value
Cerro Sonccomarca , where instruments Social value productive value Very
dating from 5000 and 10000 years BC have Andenería , which accounts for the vertical high
been found Remains of Tiahuanacus control systems of the various ecological
ceramics are evidence of the influence of floors left in the area Agricultural areas constitute the main
the Aymara Kingdoms in the area. Visual value source of sustenance and income for the
residents of Quequeña.
LANDSCAPE VISUAL SENSE, BELONGING Visual Auction

CONCLUSIONS

Frontal approach.

Distance vision.
150m
Drive directly towards
the main square.

Tree mass becomes

important in the visual
finishing.

Church as a clear visual

objective.

4
100m 50m 25m 10m
 LANDSCAPE VISUAL SENSE, BELONGING

Curved streets invite the tour with a surprise effect. Right streets frame a background image
The tour is
accompanied by
different textures
of the floor,
walls

and
vegetation,
illuminated
according to the
passing of the
hours with the
sun.
Conclusions
• The human being appropriates the
elements of the environment, providing it
with attributes in relation to a previous
assessment of the environment.

•Environmental perception precisely allows

us to understand the landscape as a creation
of human experience.

• In his perceptual process, man

eliminates those indefinite or ambiguous
visual sensations, and creates landscape units
that are meaningful to him, based on
patterns present in the system.
medium/man/medium. Categorize your
experiences with those pre-existing.

• The ecosystem is a crucial variable

to understand the landscape and we must take
it into account when intervening to avoid its
fragmentation and preserve the unique image
of Quequeña.

• Traditional people maintain an

ancient bond with nature and have a deep
understanding of it. They have frequently made
significant contributions to the maintenance of
many of the most fragile ecosystems on the
planet; the traditional town of
Quequeña, is part of the tourist axis
of Arequipa contributing culture, tradition
and ecology