COLD WATER INSTALLATION

The objective of water installations in a home or building is to supply the different points of
consumption from the distribution of the supply. Cold water installations in urban areas are
supplied from the public network and distributed to each home through pipes, this is known as a
connection.

MOUNTS

BATTERY

ACCOUNTAN
TS

KEY OF
KEY OF
RECORD
RUSH RECORD

Conduits

The pipeline is the physical space in which water circulates, usually known as a pipe. Materials
such as copper or multilayer are used, since the use of steel is obsolete in interior installations in
homes. The pipes of the receiving facility consist of three sections: connection, general installation
and particular branches.

 Connection: connects with the supply network outside the property and reaches the
interior of the building (consists of an intake collar, connection pipe and general shut-off
valve).
  General installation: It usually runs through the common spaces of the building,
connecting the connection with the battery of divisional meters through the supply tube.
The building's general cutting network is installed in this section.
 Private derivations: They supply the home. This section includes the individual meter, the
riser (vertical pipe to access the home) and the interior installation of the home.

Components for the connection

Socket key or collar socket on load

It is the component that allows connections to be made to water pipes without having to cut the
pipe, in this way, we do not interrupt the water supply.

General cutting key

It is accessible for manipulation and must be correctly marked on the building. In addition, it
allows the general supply to the building to be interrupted.

Check valve

It allows the water flow to not return and always flow in only one direction. They are also known
as non-return valves or check valves.

Counter battery

We can define that it is the component that connects the supply tube, connected to the check
valve, with each individual meter in a building.

Divisional counters

These are the individual meters that control the consumption of each user in a building. The
divisional meters distribute water consumption equally and measure the consumption of each
user. In individual homes they are usually placed in the particular installation of each user or, as
we saw previously, they can be centralized in a bank of meters.

Counter valves

These are the valves found in the meter bank or in individual installations. They usually have
specific square configuration characteristics focused on distribution networks.
At Válvulas Arco we have the SIL series that incorporates the VITAQ SYSTEM anti-lime system,
suitable for minimizing the effects of lime. They are metal valves with a spherical plug and manual
operation capable of cutting off the water supply and guaranteeing tightness according to the
specific service conditions.

Upright

To distribute water to the upper levels of a building, a conduit is used that runs from the stopcock
to the meter to the upper level. They are usually located in common spaces such as building
service passages or in interior patios, to allow easy access.

On each floor, water will be distributed to each home or space and each one will have its own
stopcock.

A cold water installation is a complex task that depends on professional techniques. Aspects such
as water pressure, distribution, floor derivation or power points require specific knowledge. Even
in the case of repairs, it is important to have qualified professionals who have experience to carry
out the correct supply.

COLD WATER SUPPLY

We can say that the supply of cold water from the main supply network is responsible for
supplying water to the different points of consumption: both the main points of the home and the
common points (better known as common services) in buildings such as the protection against
fires, gardens, cooling or heating. The supply receiving facility runs inside the buildings

The interior installation of the home is made up of a network of cold (AF) and hot (ASC) water
pipes, which normally run together and serve to feed the different consumption points such as, for
example, boilers, heaters, showers, sinks. , washing machines, etc.

Components of a cold water installation

1. TOILETS

utility different from that of the bathtub or sink, where the primary function is to hold water; It is
also a more sophisticated mechanism, and can be said to have a semi-automatic mechanism, and in
which both design and quality are of utmost importance. In the design, the relationship between
volume and interior space must combine to create a system with sufficient flow rate and speed, that
eliminates solids and that maintains automatic protection against gas emissions and unsanitary
conditions.

2. URINARY
Due to the purpose for which it is used, it is one of the devices in which hygiene must be given the
greatest importance. As waste, urine is perhaps more objectionable than organic substances. from
the point of view of transmission of infectious diseases, also having the tendency to dirty the
surface of the urinal very quickly, giving off very unpleasant odors.
For all these reasons, the urinal washing system must be as efficient as possible.

3.BATHS
The need for the modern home and as a contribution to comfort and health, has made sanitary
appliance manufacturers design this accessory under sanitary principles. Universally used in family
homes, it must be built with certain qualities. It should have a smooth, hard surface and preferably a
flat bottom in order to avoid frequent accidents.
The drain must have the necessary suction to quickly discharge the accumulated volume of water
and the overflow must be sufficient to not allow the inlet flow to overflow out of the tub.

SINKS
One of the most used devices in personal hygiene, usually made of vitrified porcelain and like no
other device, it comes in so many styles, sizes and models.

The area it occupies becomes the central point of interest for the dance because it is frequently
surrounded by decorative figures and/or functional accessories.
With such a variety of usable alternatives, it is possible to select sinks that meet the needs of the
entire family. It should also be considered as a detail that the sink may be needed to wash delicate
garments, in addition to washing the face and hair. With this criterion, only when space is a
problem, a small sink should be used.
SHOWERS

It essentially consists of a sprinkler that discharges a fine rain on the person who uses it and is
generally installed on a pool of material inside metal, plastic or glass cabinets; or combined with the
tub. The supply of cold or mixed water is carried out through unit or combination valves.
INSTALLATION INSIDE THE HOUSE: TYPES OF PIPES AND ACCESSORIES.

Until recently, the most used material in the interior installation of the home was lead. Its
main advantage was its malleability and easy installation. Lead has been banned because
it releases polluting elements that are harmful to humans.

When choosing a material we have to consider some aspects such as durability or ease of
installation. Some of these materials are:

GALVANIZED STEEL: This material has generally stopped being used due to the
difficulty of making the threads and its tendency to corrosion; leaving this material for use
in general large diameter pipes.

COPPER: This is the most used material in water pipes. The joints are made by welding
special pieces based on tin. They have greater resistance to corrosion than the previous
ones. They are manufactured up to 18 mm in section, being more flexible and thus
adapting to curves in embedments.

POLYPROPYLENE: These pipes are used in interior installations. They are more
expensive than copper ones but are easy to install since their joints are made using
thermal welding pieces. They withstand temperatures of up to 90 ºC without generating
condensation. These pipes are ideal for embedding because they have very little pressure
loss.

POLYETHYLENE: These pipes are used in large supply pipes due to their characteristic
flexibility. They have less resistance than polypropylene, and do not withstand high
temperatures. They are generally used in outdoor installations under a trench. They are
free from corrosion but are affected by exposure to sunlight, weakening the material. In
 small diameters they have special joints and in large diameters a thermal joint is made.

VALVES

A valve is an element or accessory installed in piping systems to control flow.

of a fluid within such system, in one or more of the following ways:

1. To allow flow to pass.

2. To prevent the passage of flow.

3. To control the flow.

To fulfill these functions, different types of valves can be installed, the most used

in the facilities of the buildings are those that are schematically indicated below.

continuation:

Gate valve. In this type of valve, the closing member cuts the fluid vein

transversely. They are not used to regulate flow but to isolate it, that is, open or closed.

completely.

Globe valve . The mechanism of this valve consists of a disc, activated by a screw,

which is pushed down against a circular seat. These valves are used to regulate or

control the flow in a pipe, although they produce very high head losses.

Seal and check valve. These valves are used to allow flow to pass into a

one direction and open or close on their own depending on the direction and pressure of the fluid.

Ball valve. This valve has a seat with a spherical profile and the ball and

It can operate with the pressure exerted on it by the fluid, or by means of a handle that, when
turned 90°, is placed in the direction of the pipe. A perforation made through the sphere, being

turned the handle 90° again, that perforation also rotates, remaining perpendicular to the flow,

closing the passage to the liquid.

Solenoid valves. They can be closed and opened remotely using a switch, which allows

act on an electromagnet attached to its stem, also called a solenoid valve. They are used in

cisterns and water tanks.

Air release valve. Air release valves, as their name indicates, are

They are used to let out the air accumulated in a pipe, both cold and hot water,

especially in the latter they are essential.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

DIRECT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

This case occurs when the public network is sufficient to serve all consumption points at any time
of the day. The public network supply must be permanent and directly supply the entire internal
installation.

TO. Advantage:

❖ Less danger of contamination of internal water supply.

❖ The economic systems.

b. Disadvantages:

❖ There is no water storage in case of water supply stoppage.

❖ They supply only low-rise buildings (generally 2 to 3 floors).

❖ Need for large pipe diameters for large installations.

❖ Possibility that time variations affect the supply at the highest consumption points.

Indirect System:

When the pressure in the public network is not sufficient to provide service to the highest level
sanitary devices, it is necessary for the public network to supply water to household reservoirs
(cisterns and elevated tanks) and from these it is supplied by pumping or gravity. to the entire
system.

TO. Advantages:

❖ There is a water reserve in case of service interruption.

❖ Constant and reasonable pressure at any point of the interior network.

❖ Eliminates siphons, by separating the internal network from the external network through
household reservoirs.

❖ The pressures in the hot water networks are more constant.

b. Disadvantages:

❖ Increased chances of water contamination inside the building.

❖ They require pumping equipment.

❖ Higher construction and maintenance cost.

In this system the following cases can occur

Elevated tank by direct feed:

In the present case, during some hours of the day or night, there is generally sufficient pressure in
the public network to fill the elevated tank and from there, gravity service is provided to the
interior network.

The advantage of this system is that it does not require pumping equipment.
The disadvantages are that the elevated tank does not fill due to pressure variation in the public
network or that the real demand is greater than the estimated one and that the tank is emptied
before the considered time.

To avoid this, an adequate study of the equipment or an overestimation of the capacity of the
elevated tank is necessary, which is uneconomical and increases the dead weight on the building
structure.

Cistern, Pumping Equipment and Elevated Tank

In this system, the water enters from the public network to the cistern, where with a pumping
equipment the water is elevated to the elevated tank from where the internal water network is
fed by gravity.

This system is suitable when there is a correct design in terms of the capacities of the cistern and
the elevated tank.