Gunsmith Mechanic Thesis

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RESERVED

“Function Manual of the Armorer Mechanic of the Small Units”

COMMAND OF MILITARY INSTITUTES


Weapons Applications School
“Marshal José Ballivián”
BOLIVIA

FIRST PART

CHAPTER I

PROBLEM FRAMING

I. STUDY AREA .

Military Area - Technical - Administrative.

II. ISSUE .

“Manual of Functions of the Armorer Mechanic of Small Units.”

III. OBJECT .

Prepare a Functions Manual, which regulates the Functions and activities for
Non-Commissioned Officers and Sergeants personnel. (Armor Technicians)
of the Small Units of our Army.

IV. PURPOSE .

Have a Functions Manual that serves as a guide for the Gunsmith


Technicians staff to fulfill their specific functions and general activities with
great responsibility and care.

v. JUSTIFICATION .

With this study, the aim is to satisfy the security needs, which are required in
the Small Units of the Army, regarding premature deterioration of weapons.

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The lack of an updated manual, in addition to the constant loss of weapons in


the Small Units, have constituted a permanent anxiety for the Army, in
addition the lack of knowledge of their specific functions on the part of the
Non-Commissioned Officers and Mechanical Armourer Sergeants, have
contributed to these deficiencies; This fact becoming a constant concern,
sufficient reasons allow me to develop this manual, which will allow us to
correct some deficiencies considering that it has a future value, because it will
allow us to have a document where all the Functions and responsibilities of
those in charge of War Material are reflected.

SAW. PROBLEM STATEMENT .

TO. Facts that make the Problem.

The premature deterioration of the weapons, the lack of an updated manual,


in addition to the constant loss of weapons in the Small Units.

Likewise, at the national level, we can identify the existence of several cases
of loss of weapons, in some cases due to theft from people outside the
institution and in others, such as the case of the loss of weapons from the
General Staff of the city of La Paz, where the authors were the same
members of the Army. Furthermore, during the events of social upheaval
known as “The Water War”, “Social Crisis with Violent Death of Military” in the
town of SACABA, “Road Blockades” in CHAPARE, all of these occurred in
the Department of COCHABAMBA, and the “Social upheaval in
ACHACACHI” with the death of a Bolivian Army Officer due to the murder, the
tragic events of February 12 and 13 and October 2003 that occurred in the
department of LA PAZ, where firearms were used, before these facts, it is
necessary to take the necessary security measures to prevent the theft of
weapons and some component parts, including their accidental loss or theft
of ammunition and classified documentation.

b. Problem statement.

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Currently, Small Units do not have a Functions manual for gunsmith


mechanics.

c. Delimitation of the Problem.

1. Thematic Delimitation.

The topic of study corresponds to the Military – Technical – Administrative


Area, in this context the specific topic of the research is the preparation of a
“MANUAL OF FUNCTIONS OF THE MECHANIC ARMOR OF THE SMALL
UNITS.”

2. Spatial Delimitation.

to. Research Universe .

The research was developed in the city of COCHABAMBA, considering that


in this city the SMALL UNITS dependent on the SEVENTH DIVISION are
located.

b. Population.

This work was carried out exclusively in the Units dependent on the Seventh
Army Division. (Military Police Battalion “Esteban Arce”, Artillery Regiment 7
“Tumusla” and the “Recovery of War Material” Section

c. Sample or Research Unit.

The investigation referred to the Functions manual for gunsmith mechanics


was aimed at the staff of Non-Commissioned Officers and Sergeants
responsible for the possession of military equipment, as well as the staff of
instructors who work as those in charge of CV.

3. Temporal Delimitation.

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to. For the sources of information for this research work, the period from 1999 to
2004 was considered: (Directives, Current Standards of Action and
Regulations of other countries) from previous administrations.

b. For the specific investigation, the time spanned from March to November of
the current administration.

VII. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

TO. General objective.

Prepare and propose a Manual of Functions for Gunsmith Mechanics of


Small Units, where the activities and responsibilities to be carried out are
clearly described.

b. Specific objectives.

1. Analyze the referential and theoretical bases related to the topic.

2. Describe the structural bases of the theoretical model to be considered in the


design of the work.

3. Define the theoretical model of the proposal.

4. Carry out a diagnosis on the safety and care of weapons in Army Small Units.

5. Prepare the Gunsmith Mechanic's Functions manual.

CHAPTER II

CONCEPTUAL THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

YO. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

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TO. Reference Bases.

1. Historical background .

For some time now, the media and daily reports have revealed the loss of
weapons and accessories of War Material of the Large Units and Small Units,
Military Institutes and Military Departments, as well as the loss or theft of staff
staff pistols. of Army cadres.

The lack of control, in the weapons room and furrielatos, has allowed some
criminal acts related to the theft of weapons, spare parts and ammunition.

Below are some facts about theft of weapons:

1997, RC-3 AROMA lost a FAL Rifle. Lime. 7.62mm. This fact was due to the
dubious selection of the weapons room personnel by the 1st. of Company,
who placed his trust in the Soldier, who had lent a Rifle to one of his
comrades, so that he could have his photos taken, taking advantage of the
good will of his comrade, he left the barracks facilities, taking the Rifle
towards the Republic. Argentina for the sale of the same, it is worth
mentioning that the deserting Soldier had a history in the Unit because on
several occasions he was missing from the list, the respective report being
given to the Commander.

The same one, who appointed an operational group, to investigate the case,
based on information collected from the population, it was learned about the
existence of a rifle for sale on the Argentine side, it was confirmed by the
Gendarmes of that territory. (Intelligence Group), that it was the Rifle that was
lost from the Unit, that the weapon was later recovered through an
agreement.

1998, FAB. La Paz, two FMK submachine guns are stolen. taking advantage
of the Pre-Military Discharge. An unknown Individual with a Pre-Military
uniform enters the Unit and goes to the furrielato, indicating the 1st. of

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Company (at that time he was busy collecting Pre-Military equipment), that
Lieutenant “X” had ordered him to collect three Rifles as punishment for
jogging because he had fallen behind in formation, the Non-Commissioned
Officer gave him the two pistols Machine guns that he had on hand, then the
Pre-Military went to the courtyard of honor and began to jog in the sight of
many instructors, the Pre-Military took advantage of an oversight on the part
of the instructors and seeing a white taxi that was supposedly waiting for him.
He ran in that direction, threw the machine guns through the meshes to hand
him over to his accomplices who placed a ladder for him to pass through,
then fled, but they did not recover.

1999, BATING-II CARANAVI, a Thompson radio from the Radio Section of


the Unit was lost, it was not recovered.

1999, a rifle was lost in the Military Police of the City of La Paz of the Soldiers
of the RI-1 COLORADOS, who were on guard duty in the Great Miraflores
Barracks due to lack of troop personnel, the whereabouts of this rifle being
unknown.

1999, RC-5 LANZA lost a guard rifle, the same one that was recovered from
the surroundings of the same Unit, according to the investigations carried out
by the P-2 they concluded that it would have been an Officer.

Cases like these events will continue to happen unless we all start doing
something for the institution, to prevent accidents and thefts from happening,
which only expose us to many risks such as penalties for loss of year of
seniority, dismissals from the institution1

II. LEGAL FRAMEWORK .

TO. Legal or Legal Bases.

For this investigation, the following are considered legal support:

1
Thesis (Mat.Sec.Alarm. War ) Management 2003 Prepared Sof. 2nd. Freddy Rocha Rocha
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DIRECTIVE No 09/05, the content of which reiterates the following:

OBJECT .

Establish safety standards and control measures for the exit of weapons,
parts and spare parts of War Material.

PURPOSE.

Increase security measures and control of the release of weapons, parts and
spare parts of War material of the General Staff of the Army, Large Units and
Small Units, Military Institutes and Military Departments.

SCOPE.

This directive has scope for the General Staff of the Army. USA PP. USA
IIMM.

At the same time, it notes that robbery and theft are military crimes classified
in Art. 221”,222” and 223 of the military penal code and its scope is against
any civilian or military person.

On the other hand, it indicates that for some time now, the General Command
of the Army has been receiving reports on the loss of weapons, accessories
and spare parts of War Material from the LARGE UU UNITS. PP. USA IIMM.
and HR MM., also the loss or theft of pistols supplied by Army personnel.2 .

This directive constitutes adequate support for the preparation of a Functions


manual, because there is no such document, although the superiority issues
safety and care provisions, these are still insufficient in their content.

Internal regulations .

Within the Army doctrine, there are different regulations that establish the
need to adopt passive and active measures to preserve the security of
military installations, these are reflected in Directives and the Internal Regime
2
Directive No 09/05
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Regulations, which establish measures that are generally known to the


members of the Institution, these measures establish the responsibilities of
the Guard personnel.

Safety Regulations .

The Safety Regulation that has the code RC-02-24, on Page. 6, establishes
the doctrinal concept of what Security is, and determines the security areas
that must be clearly established in every military installation in order to
provide the necessary guarantees for the development of activities, these
areas are:

- Exclusion area.
- Reserved or limited area.
- Controlled area.3

Although this measure limits the movement of strangers in unauthorized


places, it does not guarantee that strangers will use deception measures to
circumvent the control system and enter these areas.

III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK .

TO. Conceptual bases

For a better interpretation of this research work, some more commonly used
terms are added below:

1. Security.

Principle of War, derived from the fundamental principle of surprise, is


obtained through measures taken to avoid surprises on the part of the enemy,
to preserve freedom of action and maintain the combat power of a Unit4 .

3
Safety Regulation RC-02-24, on Page 6,
4
Military terminology regulations RA 01-37 Pag. 375
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Security is the protection of everything that is of value to a person, group or


nation. It is an objective to be achieved and it materializes in a situation,
created as a result of carrying out various activities and measures aimed at
avoiding the knowledge, loss or destruction of what it preserves.5 .

Security in the armed forces constitutes the fundamental pillar to avoid


surprises by people outside the institution; on the other hand, it allows all
assets to be preserved intact.

2. Unsafety.

Lack of security, lack of confidence in oneself and one's abilities, without an


objective basis to justify it6 .

Insecurity is the opposite of security, meaning neglect of means that warn,


which are taken advantage of by people outside the institution.

3. Responsibility.

Term that encompasses all legal and moral obligations inherent in any
military position or occupation, responsibility is not delegated7 .

In summary, we say that the responsibility is to comply with all the


requirements prescribed by our regulations, to satisfactorily achieve the
desired objectives.

4. Alarm.

Electronic, acoustic or other signal, used to promptly indicate the presence of


enemy aircraft, armored vehicles, gases, etc., in order to take necessary

5
Military terminology regulations RA 01-37 Pag. 376
6
LAUROUSSE Illustrated Dictionary Page. 561.
7
Military terminology regulations RA 01-37 Pag. 366.
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precautions to prevent the attack or reduce its effects. As they are called anti-
aircraft alarm, anti-armor alarm, etc.8

An alarm constitutes a mechanical or acoustic means that allows precautions


to be taken in advance and thus avoid certain confusion.

5. Current Standards of Action .

They constitute a set of rules and prescriptions that establish the regular
procedures to be followed in the absence of specific instructions, reducing the
number, extension and frequency of the orders. They are based on the
regulations in force, but do not repeat their content. The main object (not the
only one) is to simplify the preparation and transmission of orders.9

Once the definition of current norms and actions has been analyzed, we say
that they are certain orders and mandates issued by a superior and that they
have an imposing nature; it is also said that they are written to avoid their
repetition.

6. Maintenance.

It is the care taken and the work done to keep any article, material or
equipment in good condition. Consequently, maintenance includes:
inspections, tests, service, repair, reconstruction, classification as to its
condition, approved modifications and reconditioning.10

Act that consists of providing adequate care to war supplies, so that in a


given time they can function without any failure.

7. Maintenance system.

Maintenance activities range from simple preventative procedures developed


by using personnel to complex repair and rebuild jobs executed by technical
8
Military terminology regulations RA 01-37 Pag. 17.
9
Military terminology regulations RA 01-37 Pag. 376

10
Consultation text “EAA Advanced Course” management 2004
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specialists. Maintenance operations carried out on any article or material are


assigned to specific command levels according to their mission,
characteristics and mobility and the economic distribution of efficiency,
technical supervision, tools, equipment, spare parts and materials. Based on
this concept, three categories of maintenance have been established
(campaign and base organic) in order to facilitate the assignment of
maintenance missions and responsibilities within the command echelons.

In order to maintain flexibility in maintenance operations, the three


maintenance categories have been subdivided into five steps, these
numerical terms assigned to the steps and the associated descriptive terms
are used in order to obtain safety and efficiency in the various operations. of
maintenance.

to. Organic maintenance.

The execution of organic maintenance is the responsibility of the unit


commander, it is maintenance authorized for the unit, and executed by it and
whose responsibility with regard to its own equipment and material lies with
the unit or organization that employs it.

This category of maintenance includes: inspection, cleaning, service,


preservation, lubrication, readjustment and replacement of parts that do not
require great technical skill. Organic maintenance normally includes the first
and second steps of maintenance11 .

Organic maintenance is an activity of cleaning, lubrication and repairs, for


which the user and the specialist are responsible.

b. Campaign maintenance.

The maintenance authorized and executed by the elements of the campaign


maintenance execution is the responsibility of the Unit Commanders, who in

11
Consultation text “EAA Advanced Course” management 2004
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their organizations tend to assign maintenance units specially prepared to


fulfill this function. Within this maintenance are the third and fourth levels of
maintenance .12

This maintenance corresponds to specialist personnel and gunsmith


mechanics, who carry out repairs to the parts of the war material.

c. Base maintenance.

Within this type of maintenance is the fifth step, it is the maintenance


authorized and necessary for the construction of major items, assemblies,
accessories, tools and test equipment. Normally supporting supply on the
basis of fifth-tier construction in the interior area is the responsibility of
technical services directors.13

d. Recovery current.

It is the continuous process that recovery material follows from the time it is
collected until it re-enters the supply stream. The recovery current follows a
direction opposite to the supply current14 .
The recovery stream begins in the small units of the GUC, arriving at the DIL
collection post. unclassified material; It is this place, after classification and
according to the directives, the material that can be used immediately goes to
the maintenance facilities of this step so that once repaired it goes to the
distribution stations. The rest of the recoverable material is evacuated to the
most forward collection point of the Upper echelon. From this place it goes to
the maintenance facilities advanced by the army, or directly to the facilities
located in the Army's Supply and Maintenance Area.15 .

12
Consultation text “EAA Advanced Course” management 2004
13
Provisional text of Logistics pag. 100
14
Provisional text of Logistics pag. 101
15
Provisional text of Logistics pag. 102
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8. Role of technical services in recovery.


In the Logistics Intendance Directorate (DIL), the quartermaster service
installs, organizes and operates a collection post using a maintenance and
supplies squad from the quartermaster section. This collection position is
general for all the services of the Logistics Intendance Directorate (DIL.),
which send inspection teams, in order to intervene in the classification of the
material. The War Material section of the DIL may eventually organize and
operate a collection point for recoverable material whose supply is
responsible for the War Material service, for which it designates the
necessary personnel.16

7. War material.

Technical service, which is in charge of supplying and distributing weapons,


ammunition, combat vehicles and other items included in classes II and IV of
War Material, is also responsible for the evacuation, repair and maintenance
of all its own equipment and materials. from service.

Generic expression that designates the set of weapons, ammunition, combat


vehicles, that the Armed Forces. used to fulfill their mission17 .

In summary, we say that war material is any article related to weapons such
as: weapons, ammunition, combat vehicles with which an Army is equipped.

IV. METHOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK .

TO. Type of study.

The type of study is Prospective and Retrospective, due to the data available.

b. Research Method.

The method is deductive and inductive.

16
Provisional text of Logistics pag. 111
17
Military terminology regulations RA 01-37 Pag. 276

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c. Research techniques .

The study technique applied was primarily analytical, likewise, the


experimental and research techniques were used.

d. Instruments.

Once the field work was completed, the results obtained through a closed-
question questionnaire were materialized, through cakes and bars, which
allowed me to have objective and visual data.

v. HYPOTHESIS .

The preparation and use of the “Manual of Functions of the Armourer


Mechanic of the Small Units” will allow to clearly establish the Functions of
the Armourer Mechanic personnel of the Small Military Units and Divisions.

SAW. VARIABLES .

TO. Independent variable.

The preparation and use of the “Manual of Functions of the Gunsmith


Mechanic of Small Units”.

b. Dependent variable.

Define the Functions, responsibilities and activities regarding their position


within the organization of a Large Unit and Small Unit.

VII. OPERATIONALIZATION OF VARIABLES


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VARIABLES OPERATIONALIZATION
INDEPENDENT DIMENSION INDICATORS
The preparation and use of the Function Manual, Will the security and
“Manual of Functions of the avoid deterioration, maintenance of war
Gunsmith Mechanic of Small theft, material in Small Units
Units”. improve?
Knowledge of its By having a Functions
Functions. manual, will gunsmith
mechanics fulfill their
Functions efficiently?
ITEMS
Have a manual that
regulates the activities of
those in charge of war
material.

DEPENDENTS

Define the Functions, Optimize, update What will be the


responsibilities and activities your knowledge importance of this manual,
regarding their position within regarding your within the Small Units?
the organization of a Large obligations and Do you think that with a
Unit and Small Unit. responsibilities. Functions manual the loss
of war material and the
accidents that occur due to
poor handling of
Supporting explosives could be
document in reduced?
negative situations.
With the Functions
Manual, will it be possible

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to determine
responsibilities and
sanctions for those
responsible?

ITEMS

Regulate certain points, to


avoid losses and good
conservation of the
material in your charge.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN

YO. DIAGNOSTIC STUDY .


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To carry out this research work, a survey was carried out according to a form,
obtaining the results, which allowed me to carry out an analysis and its
corresponding interpretation.

II. DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES .

Consultation techniques were applied to different Regulations, Directives,


Current Standards of Action, from previous administrations.

TO. Surveys.

This technique will be used, to ratify the respective research work, on the
preparation of the Functions manual, for those in charge of War Material,
these inquiries were carried out, to Uniformed personnel, particularly to Cadre
personnel who are linked to the security maintenance of the armament.

b. Stratified sampling.

From a total of the surveyed population of 40 people, including cadre


personnel of the Seventh Division, 29 units of analysis were obtained, which
are detailed below:

STRETCHING POPULATION SAMPLE

OO. HIS P. I or. SUB. 20 15


Non-commissioned
20 14
officers and sergeants.
TOTAL 40 29

III. DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN

TO. Tabulation and coding of information.

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To carry out this research work, the survey was carried out according to the
form in Annex “A”, obtaining the results that I detail below, which are the
reason for an analysis and its corresponding interpretation.

IV. RESULTS .

SCALE TOTAL
YEA
QUESTIONS % NO % +/- % NR. %
H

QUESTION 1 7 58,3 5 41,7 - - 12 100

QUESTION 2 20 80 5 20 - - 25 100

QUESTION 3 25 100 0 0 - - 25 100

QUESTION 4 15 60 10 40 - - 25 100

QUESTION 5 23 92 2 8 - - 25 100

QUESTION 6 3 12 22 88 - - 25 100

QUESTION 7 7 58,1 2 16,6 3 24,99 12 100

TO. Analysis and interpretation.

To obtain the results that were previously shown, surveys and interviews
were carried out, which allow us to establish whether or not a manual of
Functions in Small Units for Gunsmith Mechanics is necessary.

b.
Graphing results .

1. Will the security and maintenance of war material in Small Units improve
by having a Functions manual?

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DETAIL NUMBER PERCENTAGE


YEAH 7 58 %
NO 5 42 %
TOTAL 12 100 %

Partial Conclusion
As a result of the survey, related to question 1, it was possible obtain
positive appraisals regarding improvement and maintenance of War Material.

2. Do you think that with a Functions manual the loss of war material and
the accidents that occur due to poor handling of explosives could be
reduced?

DETAIL NUMBER PERCENTAGE

YEAH 20 80%
NO 5 20%
TOTAL 25 100%

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Partial Conclusion
In summary, we say that having a Functions manual may alleviate
some shortcomings that existed in the possession of the war supplies.

3. Do you consider that it will be necessary for Small Units to have a


Functions Manual for the person in charge of war material?

DETAIL NUMBER PERCENTAGE


YEAH 25 100%
NO 0 0%
TOTAL 25 100%

Partial Conclusion
Most of the respondents answered yes, it is It is necessary to have a
Functions manual in the Small Units.

4. Having a Functions manual do you think it would be faster to determine


who or who is responsible in the event of a loss or an accident?

DETAIL NUMBER PERCENTAGE


YEAH RESERVED
15 60%
20 - 47
NO 10 40%
TOTAL 25 100%
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Partial Conclusion
Most of those surveyed responded that yes, it would make it easier for
determine those responsible for any damage and losses if had.

5. Do the regulations or manuals currently in force related to the Internal


Regime contemplate the functions of the person in charge of war
material?
DETAIL NUMBER PERCENTAGE
YEAH 23 82 %
NO 2 8%
TOTAL 25 100 %

Partial Conclusion
Many respondents indicated that our regulations do not specifically
contemplate these Functions of the person in charge of the war material,
only superficially contemplate the themselves, so the superiority has

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been issuing directives and regulations current action plans, which


continue to be insufficient.

6. Do you know the care and precautions that should be taken with
explosives?

DETAIL NUMBER PERCENTAGE


YEAH 3 12%
NO 22 88%
TOTAL 25 100%

Partial Conclusion

As a deduction to this question, it was learned that many of our comrades do


not know in detail about the management and care of explosives.

7. Will having a Functions Manual for the person in charge of war material
be well received by non-commissioned officers and Sergeants of war
material?

DETAIL NUMBER PERCENTAGE


YEAH 7 17%
NO 2 66%
VERY LITTLE 3 17%
TOTAL 12 100%

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Partial Conclusion
From the result obtained from this question, it was determined that all Non-
Commissioned Officers and Sergeants responsible for Belize material were
satisfied to have a manual that defines their functions and responsibilities.

v. GENERAL CONCLUSION OF THE DIAGNOSTIC STUDY .

In short, it can be stated that having a manual of functions for the person in
charge of war material will allow favorable results to be obtained in terms of
the improvement and maintenance of war material. On the other hand, it will
be possible to alleviate some shortcomings that existed in The possession of
war supplies will also make it easier to determine those responsible for any
damage and losses, if any. Likewise, it was determined that our regulations
do not specifically contemplate the functions of the person in charge of war
material, they only superficially contemplate, Therefore, superiority has been
issuing recommendations through current directives and standards of action,
which continue to be insufficient. Finally, it was possible to establish that all
non-commissioned officers and sergeants responsible for war material were
satisfied to have a manual. , where you define your functions and
responsibilities.

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SECOND PART
CHAPTER I
PROPOSAL
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
INTRODUCTION

This document called (Proposal), once the research work has been carried out,
constitutes an instrument that presents an alternative to having a “ MANUAL OF
FUNCTIONS OF THE GUNMER MECHANIC” , which although over the last few
years the Army Command has been reiterating through directives, radiograms on
the care that must be taken with war material referring more specifically to the loss
of equipment and its accessories and also to accidents, after field work it was

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possible to reach the conclusion that it is not counted with a Functions manual
specifically for the person in charge of War Material.

Its structuring responds to the need to have a document that serves as a basis for
preparing a Manual of Functions or probably a regulation of Functions of the
Gunsmith Mechanic, which will contribute to the activities carried out in the Small
Units, particularly in the conservation and maintenance of our war material that
today is stalked by bad citizens, to seize and then go to increase the arsenal of the
coca growers and terrorists causing illicit acts of arms trafficking, which is why a
negative image of our Institution is projected.

This proposal is divided into two chapters and the aspects contained in each of
them are always oriented to the manual of Functions that those in charge of war
material must have, containing the following.
CHAPTER I: GENERAL BASES. Where the Object, purpose, and Scope are
stated, as well as the Objectives of the Proposal.
CHAPTER II: FUNCTIONS MANUAL, which details the activities and
responsibilities that the person in charge of war material in Small Units must have.

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CHAPTER I

GENERAL BASES

YO. OBJECT .

Establish safety standards and control measures for the entry and exit of
weapons, parts and spare parts of War Material.

II. PURPOSE .

Have a document that allows the person in charge of war material to


guarantee and improve compliance with their obligations, increasing the
security measures and control of the departure of weapons, parts and spare
parts of War Material from the Army's Military facilities.

III. SCOPE .

This manual is applicable to all Small Units of the Army, particularly to the
personnel of Non-Commissioned Officers and Sergeants. who fulfill functions

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and activities such as CV manager or Armorer Technicians, responsible for


the care and conservation of War Material.

IV. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSAL .

1. Train the Non-Commissioned Officer or Sergeant, so that he or she assumes


with responsibility and knowledge the Functions of War Material Manager.

2. May it serve as a guide to fulfill your mission with a minimum of resources.


fully knowing its general and specific functions such as in charge of War
Material.

CHAPTER II

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROPOSAL

“ Gunsmith Mechanic's FUNCTION MANUAL

OF THE SMALL UNITS ”

YO. BACKGROUND .

For some time now the General Command of the Army has been receiving
reports on the loss of weapons and accessories of War Material from the
LARGE US UNITS. PP. USA IIMM. and HR MM., also the loss or theft of
pistols supplied by Army personnel.

Robbery and theft are military crimes, typified in Art.: 221", 222" and 223 of
the Military Penal Code and its scope is against any civilian or military person.

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The lack of control by guard personnel in military facilities, particularly in the


entry and exit of vehicles as well as military and civilian personnel, through
ordinary means has allowed some criminal acts related to the theft of
weapons, spare parts and ammunition to be carried out. .

The information summaries established for crimes of theft of War Material in


an excessive number have shown that one of the factors in consummating
the crimes of theft of equipment was the little or no control during the entry
and exit of vehicles, military and civilian personnel. of the military facilities
where they have War Material.

The negligence on the part of some people in charge of War Material and the
lack of a regulation that has Current Rules of Action, which allows regulating
normal operation, as this failure results in improving the lack of control,
supervision and periodic inspection of the weapons provided. individual cadre
personnel.

Due to the histories cited above, and due to the importance of security in
each of the members of the Army, both in times of peace and war to avoid
surprises on the part of personnel outside the armed Institution, through this
work I allow myself make a small contribution to the administration and
management of our supplies through the “ Manual of Functions of the Person
in Charge of War Material of Small Units.”, the causes, for which criminal acts
have occurred such as: loss of weapons, their accessories ; and class V, is
due to the lack of a Manual of Functions for the armorer technician in military
departments, which will reduce the loss of War supplies.

II. FUNCTIONS OF THE MANAGER OF WAR MATERIAL .

Reports directly to the Head of Services of a Small Unit which has the
following functions:

TO. Make the weapons and ammunition tables.

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b. Make a demonstrative table of additions and losses of weapons and


ammunition.
c. Update inventories of all supplies.
d. Prepare a life book for each weapon by caliber.
AND. Carry out periodic inspections of the Companies, Batteries and
Squadron of unit.

1. Security.

Receives rules and instructions directly from the Head of Services and has
the following obligations.

to. It is a class responsibility in charge of taking care of the department's facilities


with the greatest security.

b. He will carry a board of keys to all War Material units.

c. You must file daily documents delivered by the companies, particularly orders
related to weapons and ammunition for better control with the greatest zeal
and responsibility.

d. He will keep the Furrieles and armory room personnel well instructed and
controlled in the management and care of the furrielates in coordination with
the Company First of their respective Unit.

and. Will keep the War Material warehouses and office always clean and neat.18

F. Carry out the calculation of ammunition needs according to the COE. To


avoid setbacks in employment and supply.

2. Obligations.

to. The person in charge of War Material must request a daily report on the latest
developments in weapons and Class V.

18
Current Rules of Action Dept. III Page 11-20

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b. It must carry out periodic inspections of the companies to solve the problems
inherent to the weapons.

c. The technical staff of Non-Commissioned Officers and Sergeants. assigned


as gunsmiths, they must be occupied in their specific functions and not be
distracted by other functions or jobs, which unfortunately have been negative
for us. These must be the elements in charge to have all the weapons
equipped with efficiency.

d. Take due note of the orders, ensuring that they strictly comply with the needs
and do not place them in excess, as this makes attention impossible, if it is
considered that in some cases they exceed the availability of the Unit, in
addition, damaged parts must be returned. at the time of receiving the spare
parts, for control purposes, as well as the cases to be recovered after each
shooting lesson.

and. You will need to put MB's tools to good use. that were provided to the Unit, for
specific purposes, which should not be distracted by other work, or, in some
cases, stolen or lost without the author or authors being held responsible.

F. The use of oil No. 10 that is generally provided to Army Units.19

3. Documentation.

Current Rules of Action, for personnel assigned to the PP. USA

The person in charge of War Material must advise the Security Officer on the
care and handling that the Instructors must have with their weapon.
Considering the following aspects:

to. Prohibitions, which must be made known to the staff of the Directives
and Radiograms from the Upper Echelon regarding:

19
Current Rules of Action Dept. III Page 3 – 8
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1). Attend alcoholic beverage outlets in uniform carrying your weapon. Public
entertainment sites not recommended.

2). Individual and isolated transit late at night in remote places, it is advisable to
walk in a group or accompanied.

3). Place the weapon out of the reach of family members to avoid misfortunes.

4). Avoid using soldiers to bring their service pistol or bayonet knife from their
home.

5). You should recommend that personnel carrying out guard duty be more
secretive in the handling of their service weapon.

b. Entrance to the barracks.

Outside of working hours and holidays, the person in charge of War Material
must go to the warehouse to make sure that the plates and padlocks are not
violated, thus avoiding any theft.

III. ARMORY SECTION .

TO. Homework.

Duties of the armory section include the following:

1. Periodic inspection of the portable weapons in possession of the units to


which the workshop provides services and the adequate position or repair of
the material that is unusable.

2. Material adjustment that does not work well.

3. Replacement of parts that cannot replace weapons that use the material, and
repair of the material by other methods when necessary.

4. Repair of material taken from the enemy, if it can be used against them.

5. Preparation of material for storage when necessary.

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6. Supply of spare parts and replacement items to troops.

b. Material inspection.

1. Inspection upon delivery.

In peacetime or the hinterland, all small arms issued to troops are inspected
by this section prior to distribution.

2. Inspection when changing responsibility.

In peacetime or in the Interior zone, upon a change of responsible officers in


combat units and after requesting it from the commander concerned, this
section will inspect and repair the material, and prepare an inspection report
relating to all weapons. that in the opinion of the new Commander are not
satisfactory. The unit must submit a list of weapons in numerical order.

3. Conditions in which troops presented weapons for inspection.

All weapons presented by the troops for inspection or repair must be


completely clean, likewise the bores and chambers of the weapons must be
completely clean of thick grease and oil, although they must have a light layer
of oil.

c. Condition of the weapons when leaving the workshop.

No weapon that is not well cleaned and oiled and in perfect mechanical
condition should leave the workshop.

IV. INSTRUMENTS SECTION .

TO. Homework.

This section is in charge of the inspection, conservation and repair of all


shooting and optical instruments along with their equipment and accessories.

b. Operations.

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Section operations include the following:

1. Periodic inspection of instruments for adjustment and repair. Ordinarily, the


instruments to be inspected are changed to instruments in serviceable
condition; and they are taken to the field workshop where the conditions for
adjustment or repair are more appropriate.

2. Adjustment of malfunctioning instruments, where this can be done with


available means.

3. Preparation of instruments for storage where necessary.

4. Return to the warehouse of instruments that cannot be repaired in the field


workshop20 .

v. HOW TO CARRY OUT INSPECTIONS .

TO. Purposes.

The purposes of war materiel inspections can be summarized as follows:

1. Determine the state of usefulness, total components and availability for use of
the campaign material.

2. Discover the difficulties that combat troops may experience with their
equipment and increase their effectiveness in combat by providing means to
overcome those difficulties.

3. Check the execution of all authorized modifications.

4. Instruct personnel who use the material in preventive conservation methods.

b. Classes.

Inspections of war material can be classified into two general classes:

1. A class.

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This class is represented by the official inspection of all war material held by a
unit. This same category will include all inspections of all material held by
troops both before and after combat.

2. Class B.

It is represented by the regular inspection of war material that, when


repairing, is carried out when said material reaches the hands of the
conservation personnel. This category includes the inspections carried out
when repairing weapons brought to the workshop by the troops or repaired by
the flying or conservation detachments in the field.21

SAW. INSPECTION METHODS.

TO. Organization of the inspection line.

An inspection line is established in the workshop area. This is divided into


three following sections:
1. Section I.- Inventory and verification.
2. Section II.- Instruments, portable weapons and artillery.
3. Section II.- Motorized vehicles.22

VII. MISSION AND RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SERVICE OF THE MATERIAL


WAR

TO. Mission.

The mission of the war material service in the field is to store and distribute
war materials in general and ammunition, inspect, repair, alter and preserve
the war material that is in the possession of the troops and stored; manage
campaign establishments; and provide technical information and guidance.
21
Regulations for the war material service Page. 69
22
Regulations for the war material service Page. 170
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b. Responsibility.

The responsibilities of the War Material Service include the following:

1. Supply general war material items to the supply officers of the units.

2. Provide ammunition to the delivery points to the troops except for the air force
units, which will be taken to the airplane.

3. Inspect war material distributed to troops.

4. Collect and disseminate technical information.

5. Collect and restore material, general supplies and ammunition captured from
the enemy should be used to the maximum.

6. Destroy ammunition when necessary.

7. Cooperate with the chemical warfare service to obtain chemical sample fills in
enemy munitions for analysis.23

c. Inspection of war material.

1. Purpose.
Through inspections of war materiel, the staff officer acquires much of the
knowledge he needs to execute his mission. The purpose of the inspection is
to discover the difficulties of combatant troops and increase their combat
efficiency by remedying those difficulties.

2. During combat.

During combat, inspections by representatives of the War Material Service


are a constant operation.
Every effort is made to determine, before the need arises, the repairs and
supplies a combat unit will need.

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Regulations for the service of war material in the campaign Page. 1
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3. Regular inspections.

Before and after combat, full regular inspections of war materiel are made in
units to determine what supplies and repairs are needed.
All unusable material that cannot be repaired by the inspectors is removed
and replaced immediately or the necessary procedures are carried out to do
so.

4. Inspection reports.
The inspection report will be more or less complete depending on the
purpose of the inspection and the conditions that are made.

VIII. SECURITY AND CARE OF WAR MATERIAL AND AMMUNITION DURING


THEIR TRANSFER .

TO. The supply of ammunition becomes more difficult, the further away the troops
are from the Delivery Centers, therefore the person in charge of War Material
must provide for the arrangement of boxes or bundles that are easy to
transport, due to their weight and volume, considering at the same time the
control of the seal to avoid theft of the material being transported.

b. During the packaging of packages and boxes, strict vigilance must be


observed in the cleaning and conservation of weapons and ammunition to
avoid deterioration.24

c. During the loading and unloading of the material, you should avoid hitting
them, to avoid accidental accidents. It will also be observed that the boxes
are in an adequate position according to the indications that come from the
factory for their transfer.

d. On the other hand, flammable materials will be prevented from being loaded
into the same vehicle, to avoid fires caused by the treatment of metal parts.

24
Provisional text of Logistics pag. 75
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AND. At the ends of the vehicles, shock-absorbing materials should be placed,


such as blankets, old mattresses, plastoforms and sawdust.

F. In coordination with the Head of Transportation, the vehicle must be covered


in case of storms and rain, particularly during the rainy season.
IX. GENERAL CONSERVATION OF WAR MATERIAL AND CLASS V.

TO. Care in handling .

1. The sighting and firing instruments are generally compact and adaptable to
the purpose for which they have been designed. However, they will not record
mistreatment or abuse. Inaccuracy and malfunction are the result of abuse.

2. The handling of screws and other parts that may directly influence the
operation of the instruments in a negative way is prohibited.

3. Stops have been provided on the instruments to limit the travel of the moving
parts. No knobs will be forced to turn past the detent limit.

4. Instruments will be kept as dry as possible. If an instrument is wet, it should


be dried carefully before placing it back in its case.

5. When the instruments are not in use, they will be kept in their cases, or
covered and protected from dust and moisture.

6. Organizational personnel will not be allowed to paint sighting and shooting


equipment.

7. A glasses should not be pointed directly at the sun, as the heat from the
focused rays can damage the center that holds the lenses or break the
reticles.

8. To avoid excessive thread wear and other damage to the instrument, do not
tighten the clamping and leveling screws more than enough to make firm
contact.

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9. Any instrument that indicates incorrectly, or that does not function properly,
after authorized testing or adjustment has been made, must be returned to
the war materials personnel for repair.

b. Lubrication and cleaning of mechanical parts.

1. The gunsmith mechanics must periodically clean and lubricate the moving
parts of the weapon, to prevent their deterioration, with the collaboration of
the first company, and then submit a report of the lubricated material to the
Head of Unit Services.

2. The following preservation and cleaning materials are authorized:

Instrument lubrication GREASE (for all lubrication points that require grease).
Artist BRUSH, bristle, flat.

Cleaning cloth, cotton.


GREASE, special lubricant (for all lubrication points that require grease).
Lubricating OIL, preservative, special (for all lubrication points that require
oil).
SOLVENT, dry cleaning.

Technical TALC (soap powder).


SOLVENT for paints, mineral spirits and kites (replaces dry cleaning
solvent)25 .

c. Operation in cold climates.

1. In temperatures below freezing point, it is necessary that the possible parts


be kept free of moisture.

2. Excess oil in moving parts will freeze to the point of causing slow operation
and total damage.

25
Auxiliary instruments Shooting directors and shooting conducting equipment Page. 10
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3. Special care must be taken with rubber eye protectors. Cold temperatures
make them extremely fragile.

4. Do not touch metal parts such as levels, knobs, sleeves and covers with your
hands, use gloves if possible. Fingers may freeze or the skin may peel off if
this precaution is not taken.

5. Never breathe on a lens in cold temperatures. This will only aggravate


existing communications, and in extreme cases may even break the lens.

6. Do not bring the material inside unless it is absolutely necessary. It is best to


leave it outside but covered to protect it from snow. Snow-proof cabinet that
remains at outside temperatures and is recommended as a place to store
binoculars, goniometers and other instruments. If it is necessary to bring the
instruments from low temperatures to indoor temperatures, anti-condensation
containers will be used.

These containers may be specially constructed low-pressure containers or


any other partially airtight containers with heat-conducting walls. It will be kept
outdoors so that it remains at prevailing temperatures until an indoor
instrument is necessary; The instrument will then be placed in the container,
the lid will be closed, taken inside and allowed to rise to room temperature.
When the instrument is at room temperature, the container can be opened
and the instrument removed without condensation forms from it. If anti-
condensation packaging is not used and the instruments are placed in a
warm room, condensation will occur and the instruments will have to dry well.
Only tissue paper will be used to dry the lenses and windows.

7. It is necessary to inspect the instruments frequently, leaving them as long as


possible in their cases so that there is maximum protection of the
instruments, it is worth emphasizing the following points:
to) Keep instruments very clean.

b) Lubricate frequently.
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c) Do not allow ice and snow to settle on the instruments.

d) Do not leave exposed metal surfaces without a protective layer of lubricant.

and) Never apply concentrated heat directly to an instrument. Sudden changes in


temperature will cause the optical parts to break26 .

d. Operation in hot climates or within sandy or dusty conditions.

1. In hot climates, the thin layer of oil needed for proper operation is released
quickly. The instruments must be constantly lubricated to avoid jams or
untimely failures, thereby ensuring proper functioning as well as avoiding rust.

2. Hand sweat is a contributing factor to the formation of rust as it contains acid.


After handling, the instruments will be dried and the metal parts will be
covered with a layer of oil.

3. Dust and sand will scratch the glass surfaces and enter the tiny openings
causing possible damage to the interior mechanisms. Therefore, instruments
will be kept in their cases when not in use and where possible stored in a
warm room. Some instruments have window covers that should be kept
closed when possible.

4. Dust or grit will not be allowed to accumulate at the handling controls.

5. If the instruments are directly exposed to sunlight, they may deteriorate due
to excessive heat. Additionally, the metal parts get hot and are difficult to
handle. Instruments will be kept covered or in the shade whenever possible.

6. Where there is high humidity, instruments will be inspected frequently for


mold. Any mold present will be removed and the surface protected with a thin
layer of oil.

AND. Operation in excessive humidity or saline atmosphere.

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1. Saline air causes rapid molding since salt has the tendency to destroy the
anti-corrosive properties of the prescribed in paragraph 14 and frequently
inspected. They are treated in a manner similar to that recommended in
paragraph 20 for operation in hot climates or in excessively dusty or sandy
conditions.

2. Screws and pins will remain oiled to prevent mold and freezing.

3. Instruments will be left in their cases when not in use.

F. Precautions to be taken with flammable and explosive materials, paints,


varnishes, enamel and thinner.

1. They must be stored in warehouses intended exclusively for flammable


materials.

2. In a building of construction that resists fire and with a sprinkler system.

4. If a general store is used, they should be stored in an end section continuous


to the exterior wall.

5. The height of the pile should not exceed (three meters)

6. A three-foot (90 cm) wide hallway must be left on all sides of the block.

7. They must be separated from highly combustible materials.

8. Containers should be examined for leaks.

9. Ventilation must be good.

10. Broken or cracked containers should not be stored.

11. It should be stored at least 10 feet (3 meters) from any elevator shaft or floor
opening.

12. The storage location must be dry and cool.

13. An inspection is made to see if there are broken or damaged containers.


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14. The height and size of the block should be kept to a certain limit in proportion
to the available space.

g. Protection measures.

Gasoline causes severe irritation and burns to the skin and its vapors can
cause dizziness, vomiting or headache. Aspirin from excessive amounts of
these vapors in an enclosed space can cause serious poisoning, cause
unconsciousness and death, and if gasoline is ingested it can cause throat
irritation and permanent damage to internal organs.

1. Unnecessary aspiration of gasoline vapors should be avoided.

to. When emptying gasoline from one place to another, the person in charge of
this work must stand in the opposite direction to the direction of the gasoline
vapors.

b. You should not enter a tank that has gasoline vapors without wearing a free
air intake helmet.

c. A gas mask should be worn when performing outdoor work on tanks or parts
that have a strong gasoline odor.

2. If gasoline gets into the eyes, they should be treated with olive oil (or resin oil
or mineral oil if olive oil is not available) and the affected person should be
immediately taken to medical attention.

3. If gasoline has been ingested, first aid is immediately given to the person and
a doctor is called as soon as the circumstances permit. If the person has not
lost consciousness, they are given plenty of salt water to drink, preferably
warm to cause vomiting to eliminate the ingested gasoline.

After the tanks have been used for some time to store gasoline treated with
lead, a kind of sky contaminated with tetraethyl lead forms in them. The

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cleaning of these tanks is the responsibility of the Corps of Engineers and this
requires skilled personnel equipped with special equipment.

Said equipment must include.

to. Gloves and rubber.


b. Rubber apron with bib.
c. Knee-high rubber boots.
d. Protective glasses.

These items must be gasoline proof.

Lead-treated gasoline is used primarily as motor fuel and will not be used for
other purposes unless specific instructions are given to that effect. They
should not be used for cleaning. Stoves, ovens and similar appliances give off
toxic lead fumes if they are not designed to burn gasoline. Gasoline
containers, trucks, tanks, and even pipelines should not be used for the
storage or transportation of other products unless specifically ordered.

All personnel in charge of handling gasoline and its containers must be


informed of the fire danger and health risk that they are inert. Said personnel
must be well instructed and trained in the safety procedures that must be
followed.

All personnel handling and storing this item should be required to wear steel-
toed safety shoes and leather-palmed gloves.
When personnel need to be exposed to flammable dust or vapors or toxic
irritants, they must be provided with protective clothing and equipment.27

x. REPAIR PERIOD

This is the period of time during which war material remains under repair in
field workshops. This period can be divided into three phases:
First phase .

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Working time, which is what is actually used in carrying out the necessary
repairs.
Second stage .
Waiting time for parts, that is, the time lost waiting to obtain them from the
warehouse or for their arrival.
Third phase .
Return time to the troops, that is, the time that is lost when the body to which
the material belongs does not immediately take it from the workshop once it is
ready.

1. Importance of reducing the repair period .

War material is expensive. It cannot fulfill any useful purpose when it is not at
the disposal of the troops, either in training or in combat. It is part of the
duties of the war materiel service to minimize the repair period for any piece
of materiel brought to the war materiel conservation workshop.

2. Reduction of work time.

to. Work time can be reduced by studying the fastest methods to solve particular
conservation problems.

b. It is the duty of all personnel in the war materials workshop to constantly


study the current problems of conservation with the aim of developing
methods that will result in saving time that would otherwise be lost as a repair
period. Such can take one of the following forms:

1) Replacement of complete organs that require subsequent separation of the


defective assembly so as not to delay the delivery of the main equipment.

2) Repair method that does not include complete disassembly of large parts
outside the equipment being repaired.

3) Preparation of two or more specialists in certain kinds of work.28


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CHAPTER III

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

YO. CONCLUSIONS.

After having made an analysis of the different parts and chapters of this
research work, I can indicate that the stated objective has been achieved, to
solve the problem identified as the lack of a "Manual of Functions for Those in
Charge of War Material in Small Military Units and Divisions, so the following
conclusions have been reached:

TO. The lack of a Functions Manual has caused a series of loss of weapons and
premature deterioration in Small Units, as well as accidental accidents.

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b. Due to the lack of a Manual of Functions currently in force in our Army, the
personnel of the specialty of Armorer Mechanics has seen a total lack of
knowledge of their Functions, which has caused carelessness and
irresponsibility in the Non-Commissioned Officers and Sergeants.

c. Likewise, not having a Manual of Functions for the Gunsmith Mechanics of


the Small Units has caused the responsible personnel to be subjected to a
series of Informative Summaries and Processes, often unjustified due to the
lack of knowledge of their obligations and responsibilities that fall on them.
he.

d. Likewise, it was possible to establish that the majority of respondents indicate


the urgent need to have a “Function Manual for those in charge of War
Material in Small Units,” which will allow for responsible and reliable
personnel in Small Units. , and Military Departments.

II. RECOMMENDATIONS .

TO. It is recommended to the Upper Echelon to implement the “Manual of


Functions for Gunsmith Mechanics of Small Units” since in this way situations
of theft, deterioration, losses of weapons and accessories will be avoided.

b. With the implementation of this “Function Manual for Armorer Mechanics of


Small Units”, the Functions and responsibilities of the SS will be optimized.
Non-commissioned officers and sergeants.

c. With the application of this proposal, “Manual of Functions for Gunsmith


Mechanics of Small Units” the performance and efficiency of the SS will be
improved. Non-commissioned officers and sergeants, creating awareness of
the need for good security, care of weapons and precautions that must be
taken.

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