Or AliatUni

Introduction to Psychotherapy

Prof. Psi. Liliana Yanet Quintero Ibarra

MANUAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
TECHNIQUES
HUMANIST

Mayra Patricia Carrizales Becerra

Rosalinda Huerta Rangel
Nancy Guadalupe Hernandez Rodriguez
Maria De Guadalupe Zapata Chavez
Miguel Angel Camacho Flores
1 .- FRONT PAGE
1
2 .- INDEX

3 .- INTRODUCTION

4 .- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

5 .- HUMANISTIC THERAPY TECHNIQUES

15.- BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Introduction
Humanistic Psychology stands out as the third force of psychology in which the individuality of the
person stands out, placing it as the center of the world and proposes to study consciousness and the
individual to understand their behavior, Fritz Perls considered the experiences of the individual as
important for help find a meaning, not look for a Why? If not, why? It also starts from the basis that
man is innately good and understanding that man cannot separate himself from his feelings,
intentions, his environment or his personal image.
The main objective of this current is to develop a fuller existence
Man is autonomous and has the capacity and responsibility to make decisions that direct his own
development.
Humanistic Psychology is not a current that discards science as a method of knowledge, but also
takes knowledge from other sources other than traditional ones. The so-called Third Force, as
Abraham Maslow, its founder, called it, has opened its doors wide to know Man, from Theology and
Religion because the wisdom accumulated in those dimensions deals with the human being and his
spiritual dimension. .
Multiple approaches to psychology have been developed for everyday life, such as
They are practical training in interaction and communication skills in the field of individual
development, in the family and in education (Thomas Gordon), Enneagram workshops (Claudio
Naranjo), etc. All of this as an alternative to sanatoriums and psychiatric clinics. Just as Freud
installed the concept of psychopathology into everyday life, humanism has expanded the concept of
normality and brought Psychology to everyday life.

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Historical background
The humanist current emerges after the 2nd. World war when society must find a way to resolve conflicts
through dialogue and reason
It emerged in the USA in 1962 with the intention of developing a current that deals with internal experience
as a whole, without fragmenting it into behavior or the unconscious. This group of thinkers was made up of
exponents of a new cultural concern: Kurt Goldstein, Erich Fromm, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, Fritz
Perls, Rollo May, Karen Horney, Aldous Huxley, Herbert Marcuse, and they were also integrating this
revolutionary group of thought contemporary, two young psychotherapists, they were Sidney Jourard and
Eugene Gendlin,
Humanistic Psychology is a cultural revolution that reflects a post-war era where the impetus to live life fully
resurfaced since we were literally threatened with death by the nuclear age. We had arrived in a world with
peace in interdict. Einstein had declared that a third world war would be nuclear and that in a fourth world
war only the bow and arrow would again be used. We arrived in a technological world, which had faced the
Holocaust, with a new hope for life, with a rational faith in world peace. In the second half of the 20th
century, the mythical resurgence of a new humanity that had to come occurred, a humanity that would
ensure world peace and human development towards plenitude and equality, to see ourselves as a
humanity that had to reach a dimension of brothers. ; All human beings were equal and equally free,
regardless of race or religious or political creed. An enlightened space had opened in thought and world
culture; we reached the sixties, a decade marked by political-cultural agitation, an intellectual agitation
marked by anthropology that taught us about diverse cultures.
Psychological humanism in Europe, on the other hand, had a more philosophical than scientific branch and
its expressions come from existential phenomenology, from thinkers Heidegger, Sartre and Biswanger.
Then comes the ignored spiritual dimension, that is, the incorporation of spirituality by the Logotherapy
founded by Victor Frankl.
Humanistic Psychology is not a system or a thought, but rather a constellated movement, of renowned
authors who have in common the expansion of science, seeking knowledge of what is truly human in other
disciplines (anthropology, philosophy, religion and the study of the artistic dimension). In addition to
Drawing on other disciplines, this new Psychology attempts to encompass man as a holistic being
complemented by his context, legitimizing the subjective dimension through a new object of Psychology:
internal experience.

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 Technique Name Procedure Approach Personal comment

At first, methods were taken from Carls Rogers was the one
orthodox psychoanalysis and over time who promoted thistechnique
the psychotherapeutic technique and either
procedure itself was developed with the procedure and he was
aim of granting patients greater referring to an unconditional
independence. positive estimate, which
HE they implemented techniques of seems to me incredibly
relaxation that allowed people to control Well, as people we tend to
their behavior. sabotage and hurt ourselves
This procedure is based on trust in the on multiple occasions and with
patient to achieve mental health, as well the help of the therapist the
as treating the here and now instead of patient can find the answer in
Therapy focused on the being interested in past life experiences, himself. that needs
Humanist
client in addition to the fact that the therapist- feeling esteem if
patient relationship is the main means to same of manner
ensure a process therapeutic unconditional.
appropriate. The therapist must consider
It is based on this congruence, since this very
is necessary for the human being to positive for with he
have coordination between his real self patient, this is in favor of
and his ideal self, since the greater the finding a way to face of
gap between them the person will find manner
himself. further prone to constructive aspects of your
psychological imbalances. life.

It is a brief approach, the main strategy In a certain way and as

is to take advantage of the solutions that indicated in the text, this
the patients they have I technique goes beyond
come providing some tool to the
using the problems that arise. patient, it guides him to
achieve the goals he sets, and
There are three central contents in it. in other words, applaud
Refer to the improvements and the their
factors that helped make this happen. progress motivating himto
The miracle question, find what helped you achieve
Brief emotion-focused It is the technique that is most those advances so that this
characteristic of this type of therapy, it is Humanist improvement follow
therapy
a future projection technique, which replicating.
allows the therapist build Between the patient-
goals psychologist relationship,
appropriately formulated for therapy. The there must be empathy as the
use of language, basis of the relationship.
suggests using language that is closer to therapy this
the person, without the use of to ensure better adhesion.
technicalities and using terms that are
easy for them to understand.

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 In addition to being a theory of Communication between
personality, it is a theory of human beings is of utmost
communication that allows us to importance and it is even
understand and improve the quality of more so between patient and
interpersonal relationships. It deals with therapist, since if something
the study of communication and the arises it could be understood
exchange of messages from the ego in the wrong way or not taken
state of one subject to the other, which into account or exaggerated,
allows us to understand certain that is, both. parts
guys of failures they must
communicational. Explain how to allow yourself to be in the
Transaction analysis Based on the types of messages, same contextand
caresses, commands, prohibitions and understand
EITHER
permissions that the person receives Humanist correctly each
from the very early stages of their life, situation.
Transactional analysis
they make decisions about who they are A correct agreement must be
and how they should be, adopting sought with the same patient,
certain positions. existential and with their
either relationships to be able to
perceptions about herself, other people strengthen our patient.
and life.
Based on these decisions and
perceptions, she acts in accordance with
both herself and others, setting
relations
healthy or sickly with these or
participating in psychological games that
allow them to maintain
Transpersonal Psychologyor reinforce their
is a process Humanist Some of the most relevant
of actualization and self-realization, results of this that can be
which helps patients discover the deep found in therapy
core of their essential being. Therapy transpersonal
works by building and expanding an include better spiritual
individual's qualities, their spirituality and connection, a elderly
self-development, concern for others and
Transpersonal helping patients use their free will and further intense
psychology therapy inner resources to eliminate internal appreciations of life. These
conflict and create a sense of balance benefits can also be extend
and harmony in their lives. For this HE
therapeutic process, there are three key extend to more areas
areas it covers. These are: specific growth and healing
depending on the variation of
1. Psychology beyond the ego techniques used in therapy.
(ego-transcended) Additionally, meditation and
2. Transformative Psychology guided visualization can help
3. Psychology Holistic patients establish inner peace.
either
Integrative.

In this frame, the therapists

Transpersonal approaches will be based
on a wide range of techniques, taught
and supported so that

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 Patients can continue applying them
beyond therapy.

Experiential models give a vision of man Humanist It could be defined that

as a unique and different being, experiential therapies are
endowed with a project and in search of intervention modalities that
meanings that give a certain aim to enhance people's
transcendence in his life. ability to decide
The great importance they give to free and
emotion as an essential element to work responsibly who they are and
therapeutically is one of the how they position themselves
characteristics that define experiential in the face of reality, without
experiential therapy models. the past, the future, norms or
In the laboratory situation that is the expectations interfering in the
therapy of perceptual-experiential decision.
experiments, they create, set emotion in
motion and help to restructure behavior.
mind,
cognitively, emotionally and
relationally the living of experiences,
which gives more flexibility and freedom
to the person.

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 Logotherapy is based on the premise
that human beings are compelled to find
a sense of meaning and purpose in life.
According to Frankl, the meaning of life
can be discovered in
three shapes
Logotherapy different:
1. By creating a work or carrying
out some task
2. To the experimenting
something
totally or with someone and love
3. By the attitude adopted towards
inevitable suffering
Frankl believes that suffering is a part of
life and man's freedom is his ability to
choose how to respond to any given set
of circumstances, even the most painful
ones.
HUMANIST
The therapeutic techniques used in the
context of existential therapy are based
on its original philosophical roots,
that they leave of
the
phenomenology and constructivism to
diametrically oppose the mode
tradition from which the health and
disease process is understood. That is
why he avoids everything related to
diagnoses or stereotypes, since they
would undermine the essential goal of
EXISTENTIAL finding one's own meaning for life and
THERAPY identity. A confrontation with someoneof
the conditions before
mentioned, fills an individual with a type
of fear commonly known as anxiety
existential. This
Anxiety is believed to reduce a person's
physical, psychological, social and
spiritual awareness, which can lead to
significant long-term consequences.
For example, the fact that each of us and
each of our loved ones must die at some
unknown time, can be a source of deep
anxiety , and this can tempt us to ignore
reality and the need to death in human
existence. By reducing awareness of
death, however, we can stop taking
Humanist This type of therapy is
something that I am quite
impressed with because to tell
the truth it comes directly from
everything related to
psychoanalysis, in fact, it was
created from it and it
transcended little by little until
catalog as
part of the humanistic
psychology techniques to touch
topics of
existentialism, this therapy tells
us about how to the
By confronting your sufferings
by putting your perspective in
reverse, you can feel relief or
that is how you understand
what you read.
The best thing about humanism is that it
focuses entirely on placing the human
being as the center of interest. I
personally like the theories of the
humanist current much more than
psychoanalysis or behaviorism, more
than anything because of the
importance assigned to the human
being, to personal freedom, to free will,
it emphasizes the here and the now, it
also places particular emphasis on
everything related to human nature. In
humanistic existential psychotherapy,
interest is in human existence and the
responsibility that corresponds to the
patient. Greater responsibility with his
actions and decisions that in the end
compromises him and makes him
responsible. Existentialism always tries
to maintain a positive definition of the
human being as being capable of self-
realization and transcendence.
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 decisions that really can
protect or even enrich our lives.

The main objective of Gestalt Therapy is Gestalt Therapy is a therapeutic

to get people to unmask themselves in HUMANIST approach to humanistic psychology that
front of others, and to achieve this they considers the symptom a valuable ally
have to risk sharing about themselves; rather than an enemy - by solving the
that experiment it cause, the symptom will disappear.
GESTALT present, both in fantasy and reality, based
THERAPY on experiential activities and experiments. The starting point of therapeutic work is
The work specializes in exploring the in the present and not in the past, we
emotional territory further that focus on what is happening in the life of
he of the those who come to the consultation,
intellectualizations (ZIM). HE and we help them realize what they may
It aims for participants to become aware have experienced so far. gone
of their body and each of their senses. unnoticed, remaining at a non-
The implicit philosophy in the conscious level.
rules is
provide us with effective means to unify Instead of tracing the cause of the
thought and feeling. Their design is to difficulties current in some
help us bring resistance to light, to event from the past, we help the person
promote a biggest take of to observe themselves and become
awareness, to facilitate the maturation aware of how they make things happen
process. HE seeks also and repeat themselves in their life,
exercise individual responsibility, the because this will help them to change
"semantics of responsibility." what they want to change as
unsatisfactory or harmful and to assume
full responsibility. the elections
carried out.

The Human Needs approach focuses

on the present and looks at practical
solutions to emotional problems.
Through discussion and various
techniques used by the therapist, the
Therapy aims to establish what need or
needs are not being met,
HUMANIST Each human being is a world and
each one seeks to satisfy their needs,
from the most basic ones such as
food, to those of character. superior.
For can grasp as
To classify these needs and motivate
human beings, it is necessary to know
the causes of their behavior. to

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 why they are not being met and how this ambiguity and fear of confusion.
can be changed. Within these needs are the needs of;
THERAPY OF to feel safe, the need to have stability,
THE the need to have order, the need to
He therapist has to fit the have protection and the need
NEEDS
solutions for each individual based of of
HUMAN
their experiences and dependency security needs many
personal concerns. It is believed to be times are
useful for a variety of different anxiety, expressed through fear, such as: fear
depression , management of the of the unknown, fear of chaos, fear
gonna , security needs are characterized
addiction and relationship difficulties because people feel the fear of losing
control of their life, of being vulnerable
All have needs
or weak in the face of current, new or
related with he sense of
upcoming circumstances.
belonging and love. We are all
This is reflected when we are afraid of
motivated by the search for intimate
a new job, a new relationship, etc.
relationships and feeling part of diverse
groups, such as family and colleagues.
Are needs,
Maslow writes, they find themselves
increasingly frustrated in a society that,
like ours, privileges mobility and
individualism. Furthermore, the
frustration of these needs is usually one
of theCauses of themaladjustment
psychological. Maslow (1987) conceives
two types of esteem needs. First, we
have the desire to compete and excel as
individuals. Second, we need respect for
the rest: position, fame,
recognition andappreciation of
our merits. When are
needs are not satisfied, the individual
feels inferior, weak or helpless.
According to Maslow, the needs of
esteem were
pointed out by Adler and, to a certain
extent, neglected by Freud, even though
in the following years they have been
given increasing importance. healthy
self-esteem
It comes from personal effort, which
results in achievements and the respect
of others.

This type of Technique is designed to

In this technique it is believed that help with a wide range of issues and
individuals tend to synthesize several HUMANIST human development in

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 aspects of the self to become more general. Therefore, it is believed that
evolved and self-realized integrates Psychosynthesis could effectively treat
many aspects of the human experience, neuroses, trauma, anxiety and
included the aspects depression. Because this method of
PSYCHOSYNTHE spiritual, emotional, cognitive and therapy focuses on growth and
SIS physical. It is divided into two stages: development, it may also be helpful for
The stage of Psychosynthesis people who have difficulty
Staff, understanding themselves or finding
our personality HE integrate meaning and purpose in their lives.
around the personal self, and the This technique can be extended
individual reaches a satisfactory and beyond therapy and mental health as
“healthy” level of functioning in terms of the basic concepts have been used in
work, relationships, and life in general. education, medicine and business.
The stage of Transpersonal
Psychosynthesis, learn; to put into play
energies as the
responsibility, he spirit of
cooperation, a global perspective, love
and purpose to listen to inner guidance
and wisdom.

A broad classification of the technique to

use includes the following: Analytical, To
help identify blocks and allow the
exploration of
the
unconscious. Psychosynthesis
emphasizes the importance of using
obstacles as steps to growth. Domain:
Psychological functions need be
gradually
retrained to produce positive change
permanently.
Transformation: The remodeling of
personality around a new center.
Relational: Cultivate qualities such as
love and empathy.

The Focusing process does not seek to

explain feelings from a rational point of
view, but rather invites the person to HUMANIST
experientially experience what happens
to them to heal their emotions. It is a
bottom-up process, oriented from he
body toward the
self-awareness, to cause a
felt change in experience. The technique
is made up of six steps or movements
that form a continuous process, without
FOCUSING interruptions. These six steps are:
clearing a space, forming the felt sense,
EITHER finding a hold, resonating, asking, and
THERAPY OF receiving. It is based on the expectation
APPROACH of the
The Focusing process does not seek
to explain feelings from a rational point
of view, but rather invites the person
to experientially experience what
happens to them to heal their
emotions. Therefore, Focusing is a
bottom-up process, oriented from he
body toward the
self-awareness, to provoke a felt
change in the experience and,
therefore, as a consequence, of the
emotions, thoughts and the way in
which we position ourselves before life
and what happens in it.

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 possibility of changing the human being.
In this context, change does not require
understanding the problem, nor the
process that operates in us for the
change to arise. The key issue with
Focusing is that changes occur in our
body, but not in our rational mind. From
the corporal approach it is considered
that the human being does not have a
body, but is a body. This fundamental
difference between being and having
has led to the development of body
techniques where the body has a
relevant role in the psychotherapeutic
process, such as Focusing. As will be
seen later, the idea of the body in this
type of psychotherapies goes beyond
the physical body.

In Biosynthesis, when we work with the

body we use these principles of
functional embryology as a basis,
integrating and coordinating models of HUMANIST
PSYCHOTHERAP breathing, muscle tone and emotional
Y expression, thus relating three
SOMATICS IN fundamental areas of our human quality:
BIOSINTHECIS our somatic existence, our
experience
psychological and our essence
fundamental. Personal and spiritual
development Biosynthesis is based on
organic growth, working with the
movements, as shapes
undulating breath, to release intentions
blocked and
stimulate new corporations of the
psyche, which we call postures of the
soul. Biosynthesis emphasizes the
qualities present in the client, as well as
the resonance between client and
therapist that enables organic presence
and the therapeutic encounter. The
biospiritual principle of Biosynthesis
emphasizes the aspect of compassion
for the other, based on contact
clear based in the
essential qualities of daily existence
Biosynthesis, in addition to being a
school of somatic psychotherapy, is a
form of self-development and self-
regulation, based in he
training process that can be used with
the general population regarding the
prevention of neuroses: schools,
groups of
parents, women's groups, pregnant
women's groups, senior groups,
mother-child relationship in the first
moments of life, institutional work,
training in
companies, etc. As a form of
psychotherapy, it has been used with
patients neurotics,
psychosomatics and borderlines. We
work both individually and in groups,
according to the client's internal
needs.

Psychodrama are techniques based in the This technique allows the patient to
live staging of experiences Humanism interpret their situation through a

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 personal either social. third-person vision and in which the
In he therapist acts as a stage director and
Psychodrama helps the person this leads the patient to gain insight
represent their problem, instead of just and understand themselves and to be
talking. The emphasis on non-verbal able to overcome the situation for
communication, movement and which they have come to therapy.
experience make this an especially
effective method for children, the
physically disabled and people who do
not have the ability to speak, among
others. Structured group experience
provides context for the
representation,
intended to convert action impulses in
introspection andto
channel feelings in a more positive way.
Bioenergetics It is a therapeutic technique to help a Humanism This therapy based in the
person return to their body and help self-regulation of energy and
them enjoy the life of the body as much connecting the spiritual with the body
as possible. The importance given to the and seeing each person as unique is
body includes sexuality and even more very interesting as it is on the border
basic functions. of the between the scientific and the
breathing, he spiritual, both the breathing exercises,
movement, touch and expression of as well as the grounding and self-
one's own personality; control exercises.
a vision
holistic nature of the human being where
body, mind and spirit form an indivisible
unit. These maintain a constant
structure, organization and interrelation
processes. Through self-regulation
Music therapy Music therapy is the professional use of It is a very useful therapeutic
music and its elements as a intervention Humanism technique since a song or sound
in environments allows us explore many
medical, educational and everyday with sensations and feelings, which can
individuals, groups, families evoke a time of happiness or sadness
either and can help us overcome a traumatic
communities, seeking to optimize their experience
quality of life and improve their physical,
social, communicative, emotional and
intellectual health, and their well-being.
Research, practice, education and the
instruction clinic in the
music therapy are based on professional
standards according to the contexts
cultural, social and
politicians, Music is a universal
language that everyone knows and that
has the power to evoke, associate and
integrate, as well as allowing expression
and liberation. Music will be applied as a
means of expressing and
understanding, leaving go out
some aspects
intrapsychic, as well as producing

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can apply in he process
therapeutic in that it evokes emotions
and influences moods of
shape fast,
Simply from a single song, emotion will
be the first manifestation that will be
achieved from music and/or sound, but
not the only one, since it can be
connected with thoughts, sensations
and even the body.

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