UNIT 4 INTERDISCIPLINARY CARE

families, carers, and communities to deliver the

OUTLINE highest quality of care (WHO, 2010).

I. Interprofessional Education (IPE) Interprofessional Teamwork

II. Core Competencies for Interprofessional ● Is the levels of cooperation, coordination and
Collaborative Practice collaboration characterizing the relationships between
professions in delivering patient-centered care
(IPECEP, 2011).
Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative
Practice Interprofessional Team-based Care
● Is care delivered by intentionally created, usually
relatively small work groups in health care, who are
recognized by others as well as by themselves as
having a collective identity and shared responsibility
for a patient or group of patients, e.g. rapid response
team, palliative care team, primary care team,
operating room team (IPECEP, 2011).

Professional Competencies in Health Care

● Is the integrated enactment of knowledge, skills, and
values/attitudes that define the domains of work of a
particular health profession applied in specific care
contexts (IPECEP, 2011).

Interprofessional Competencies in Health Care

“This report is inspired by a vision of interprofessional
collaborative practice as key to the safe, high quality,
accessible, patient centered care desired by all.”
How is IPE related to IPCP?
The Connection Between IPE and IPCP
● Is the integrated enactment of knowledge, skills,
values/attitudes that define working together across
the professions, with other health care workers, and
with patients, along with families and communities, as
appropriate to improve health outcomes in specific
care contexts (IPECEP, 2011).
Difference in Practice Framework
Table 1. Difference in Practice Framework
Multidisciplinary Interprofessional Transprofessional

Team members Team members Team members’

work in parallel work together role overlap.
Communication is Communication is Communication is
Interprofessional Education minimal, frequent, frequent
● Is when students from two or more professions learn through chart and through chart, through chart,
about, from and with each other to enable effective leader. meetings. meetings
collaboration and improve health outcomes (WHO, Leader is often Leadership Leadership
2010) the physician. changes as changes as
issues issues
Interprofessional Collaborative Practice change. change.
● Is when multiple health workers from different
professional backgrounds work together with patients,

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Collaborative practice can improve: ● Silos are barriers that exist between departments
● Access to and coordinated health services within an organization, causing people who are
● Appropriate use of specialist clinical resources supposed to be on the same team to work against
● Health outcomes for people with chronic disease one another

Collaborative practice can decrease: When is the perfect time for IPE?
● Total patient complications ● “The learner’s readiness to collaborative
● Length of hospital stay patient-centered practice is influenced by the
● Tension and conflict among caregivers development of certain competencies.” (D’amour &
● Staff turnover Oandasan, 2005)
● Hospital admissions
● Clinical error rates
● Mortality rates

Barriers to IPC:
● Interpersonal differences
○ Gender
○ Temperaments
● Fear of change
● Stereotypes
● Power, income and status
● Language
● Allegiance to profession

Professional Silos
● “Each health care profession has a different culture,
including values, beliefs, attitudes, customs and
behaviors. This culture is passed on to the neophytes
in the profession, but it remains obscure to other
professions.” (Schroeder et.al, 1999)

Three types of professional competencies (Barr, 1998)

● Common – those expected of all health professionals
○ e.g. patient-centered care
● Complementary – enhance the qualities of other
professions in providing care.
○ e.g. MT do lab tests, MDs diagnose and
prescribe, PH reconcile medications
● Collaborative – those that each profession needs to
work together with others (within and between
professions, patients and families, others involved)
—>IPCP

Collaborative competencies (Barr, 1998)

● A silo is a tower or underground pit for storing grains.
In business, silo working means different departments
in an organization do not want to share information
with each other.
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1. Describe one’s roles and responsibilities clearly to
other professions.
2. Recognize and observe the constraints of one’s role,
responsibilities and competence, yet perceive
needs of patients/clients in a wider framework
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3. Recognize and respect the roles, responsibilities

and competence of other professions in relation to References:
one’s own
4. Work with other professions to effect change and PPT from: Ma’am Torio
resolve conflict in the provision of care and
treatment
5. Work with others to assess, plan, provide and review
care for individual patients
a. having time to interact as well as share
common working spaces reduce
professional territorialism
6. Tolerate differences, misunderstandings and
shortcoming in other professions.
7. Facilitate interprofessional case conferences, team
meeting, etc
a. good communication skills, interpersonal
skills
8. Enter into interdependent relationships with other
professions.

Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Competency

Domains

Benefits of IPE over Unprofessional Learning

● Knowledge transfer between group members
● Increased understanding of the role of other
professionals
● Increased ability to articulate one's own professional
role
● Gain competencies needed to work in an
interprofessional team

Key Elements of Collaboration

● Sharing
○ shared responsibilities, health care
philosophy, values, planning and
interventions, professional perspectives
● Partnership
○ collegial, authentic and productive
relationship
○ open and honest communication, mutual
trust and respect
○ value the work and perspectives of the other
○ work toward a common goal
● Power
○ based on knowledge and experience, rather
than on functions or titles.
● Interdependency
○ common desire to fulfill the patient's needs
○ Interdependent rather than autonomous

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