PRACTICE N°3

REPORT N°3
From: Williams Quispe Cardenas
A: Eng. Guevara Ozcar Thief
Date: June 21, 2018

AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOP

AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOP
Agricultural Workshop
An agricultural workshop is the specific place that the farmer has to store and keep machines and
tools safe and, in this way, support field operations.
Functions of the Agricultural Mechanization Workshop
Among the main functions we have
 Maintenance and Security Service
 Machine Conditioning
 Periodic inspections of machinery and implements
 Repairs
 Auxiliary services
 manufacturing

TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOP

We can find different types of agricultural workshop but their difference is based mainly on the
economic factor. With this limitation, two types will be observed:
Large workshops
Small workshops
SMALL AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOPS
Small agricultural workshops, due to their limited space capacity, generally do not fulfill all the
functions that we could detail. In a way, it must be taken into account that, although they are
necessary and fundamental to obtain excellent functioning and improvement of the work, it will
not be possible to fulfill all the functions except for the first one, which is the conditioning of
agricultural machines and implements.
LARGE AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOPS
The situation of large agricultural workshops is very different, since they have the possibility of not
only having all the aforementioned functions but also include the task of building, adapting
machines, and carrying out carpentry work.
In this way, and based on the functions found, various types of agricultural machines and
implements will be found according to the possibilities of each workshop and its specialization.
ELEMENTS OF AN AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOP: The elements of an
agricultural workshop are fundamental; a workshop, regardless of its size,
large or small, is required to have the following parts.
 Suitable tools
 Skilled labor
 Agricultural machinery and
implements
 Adequate infrastructure

SKILLED LABOR
As we know well, qualified labor is necessary to have an agricultural mechanization workshop,
without downplaying the effort and dedication of students like me who obtain our training through
labor.
Skilled labor refers to the correct handling that people have when handling machines and the
agricultural workshop in general.
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENTS
The use of agricultural machinery and implements, operated by man, can multiply the productivity
of manual labor by a hundred. Although one of the common problems is the disproportion
between the possibilities of the machinery and its effective use, turning machines into a
disadvantage, when the opposite should be the case. Even so, there are machines and implements
that help us improve, and that can be found in almost any workshop.
TYPES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENTS
Among the main types of agricultural machinery and implements
we have
FARM TRACTOR
Tractor constitutes the basis of agricultural mechanization, because it is what supplies the
mechanical energy that drives many machines used in agriculture. For this it is provided with an
engine, and different parts such as harrow, knee, markers, transmissions, special wheels, among the
most important things.
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
They are all the implements that are used in agricultural work, facilitating our labor, such as the
chainsaw, brush cutter, also the tractor implements such as the threshing machine, furrower,
subsoiler, ballast, disc plow, and then work tools such as kituchi machetes. , shovel, pickaxe, hoe,
lamp, barretas and etc.
MAINTENANCE TOOLS
These tools are found in the area of the mechanical metal workshop and are used to provide
assistance or maintenance to machinery, as well as pieces can also be manufactured according to
the tools that one has in the workshop.

ADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE

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When we talk about adequate infrastructure, we are referring to the agricultural workshop, which is
the place where tasks such as those we have seen will be carried out, safely storing the agricultural
machines and implements necessary for daily work, offering these machines maintenance service,
repair, among others.
If you do not have the corresponding infrastructure, you may run the risk of not achieving the
desired work objectives, and in many cases, since you do not have the infrastructure that offers
at least the basic task of keeping the machinery and other implements can become damaged or
disappear.
If we have an agricultural workshop in poor condition or that does not offer the above, the next
step will be to adapt the agricultural mechanization workshop.
READECUTION OF THE AGRICULTURAL
WORKSHOP
Readaptation is necessary when there is an infrastructure that does not correspond to the
demands of the job.
At this point, prior planning and organization is required to avoid a poor readjustment that would
become a waste of effort, time and money.
DESIGN OF AN AGRICULTURAL WORKSHOP
The design is prepared according to the degree of specialization required of each section and,
consequently, the number of workshop machines and the size of the land to be used.
Once the corresponding machines have been determined, and with the experience of daily work, a
design is prepared that meets the required needs.
The place available to build or adapt the construction, as the case may be, must be measured
precisely, and depending on what is going to be built, have the necessary materials for the work.
For this, it would be practically necessary to have the experience and preparation of a person
who understands the field of construction, who, although it is not a representative construction
due to its size, is nevertheless a representative construction due to its functions.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PRACTICE

 identify tools for the maintenance and conservation of agricultural equipment and
machinery
 Establish that machines, equipment and tools are in good condition.
 Reduce costs, guarantee the maintenance of farms, facilitate access to better technology.
 Identify the requirements of an agricultural workshop to cover the basic maintenance and
repair needs of the machinery and facilities of an agricultural operation and in a practical
case organize the workshop.

PRACTICE DEVELOPMENT

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FORGING WORKSHOP
It is composed of an electric forge that feeds air to the coal forge and has a water tank with mineral
oil. complemented by an anvil

Wrought. It is the process of changing the shape of a hot metal by hitting it with a hammer or by
pressing it in a press. In the course of forging, the metal becomes denser and its mechanical
properties rise. Steel and some alloys based on copper , aluminum and magnesium are used as the
basic material to obtain forged parts.
The tools at the blacksmith's disposal are tongs, hammers, doughs, scissors, punches, tongs, brushes,
claws and other tools for working metal. The blacksmith is capable of making his own tools according
to his needs. Materials used: iron , steel, bronze , etc.

APPLICATION OF FORGING
Open die forging occupies a small place in the industry and is applied to manufacture large size
forgings. Using this method, it is difficult to produce complicated pieces; in addition, this procedure
is characterized by its low precision and performance. Drop forging is used to manufacture large
series of pieces whose dimensions and geometries can vary widely. The dimensions of these pieces
range from a few millimeters in length and grams in weight to several meters and tons , and their
geometries can be simple or complex.

MECHANICAL METAL WORKSHOP

In this area of maintenance of agricultural implements as well as the manufacture of parts (metal
carpentry), it has a range of machines and mechanical tools suitable for the maintenance and
assistance of agricultural machinery, and these are

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DRILLING MACHINES
Drilling and boring machines are used to open holes, to modify or adapt them to a measurement or
to grind or grind a hole to achieve an accurate measurement or a smooth surface.
There are drilling machines of different sizes and functions, from portable to radial drilling machines,
through multi-head drilling machines, automatic machines or long drilling machines.
ELECTRIC WELDING
Electric welding with a covered electrode is characterized by the creation and maintenance of an
electric arc between a metal rod called the electrode and the piece to be welded. The coated
electrode is made up of a metal rod called the soul or core, generally cylindrical in shape, covered
with a coating of non-metallic substances, whose chemical composition can be very varied,
depending on the characteristics required. in using. The coating can be basic, rutile and cellulosic.

Autogenous welding
OXY-CUTTING EQUIPMENT is an auxiliary technique for welding, which is used to prepare the edges
of the pieces to be welded when they are of considerable thickness, and to cut sheets, low-alloy
carbon steel bars or other ferrous elements.
Shear The name shear is a tool and a powerful machine activated with an electric motor or it can be
manual. Used to cut metal sheets

POLISHER
Polishing is the removal of metal with a rotating abrasive disc that works like a cutting router. The
disc is made up of a large number of grains of conglomerate abrasive material, with each grain acting
as a tiny cutting tool. With this process, very smooth and precise surfaces are achieved. Since only a
small portion of the material is removed with each pass of the disc, polishers require very precise
regulation. The pressure of the disc on the piece is selected very accurately, so fragile materials that
cannot be processed with other conventional devices can be treated in this way.

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TOOL BOARD

Pliers: Pliers are essential tools in any basic equipment with hand tools because they are widely
used, as they are used to hold, bend or cut.
Multi-purpose drill bit : To make a hole, it is necessary to use a machine that drives the drill bit at
sufficient speed and has the necessary power to do so.
Compass (tool). to draw circumferences and verify diameters of both exterior and interior pieces.
Cold cutter, burin and chisel . They are hand tools designed to cut, slot or grind cold material by
striking.
Screwdriver. They are tools used to tighten screws that require little tightening force and are
generally small in diameter.
Reamer. It is a cutting tool that is used to achieve precision holes when it is not possible to achieve
them with a normal drilling operation.
File (tool) is used to rough and refine all types of metal, plastic or wooden parts.
Wrench (tool) It is a tool used to tighten screws.
Hammer . It is a tool used for hitting and is possibly one of the oldest in existence.
Punch . This tool has different sizes and is basically used to remove pins when disassembling parts
attached to shafts.

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Riveter . It is a tool widely used in DIY and metal carpentry workshops. Sergeant (tool) It is a tool
commonly used in many professions, mainly in carpentry, it is made up of two jaws, adjustable with
a pressure screw.
Manual saw The manual saw is a cutting tool that is made up of two different elements. On one side
is the arch or support where it is fixed using tensioning screws and the other is the saw blade that
provides the cut.
Extendable pliers: Pliers There are normal pliers for removing tips or cutting wires and extendable
pliers that are very useful tools for holding elements that normal pliers do not have enough opening
to hold. The fact that they are extendable makes them very versatile.
Scissors . The main use of scissors in a mechanical workshop is that they are used to cut packaging
straps and thin sheets. You must ensure that they are well sharpened and that the thickness of the
sheet is appropriate to the size of the scissors.
CARPENTRY SHOP
It is an area in which the fundamental mechanical installations, equipment and other means of work
are properly organized that, according to characteristics, can represent the jobs where the
carpenter's ideas are really materialized .
The bench and its accessories
The bench is essential for the need for it to do work, it can be said that it is the main tool, it is made
up of a 5 cm thick layer. The width is 60 to 90 cm. The front layer or cover has a hole for the stop, it
is supported by four wavy legs sunken into each other by crossbars assembled on them. It must also
have a fixing screw, which will always be necessary when doing any work on the bench. It should be
made of wood and be on the front right, to facilitate work .

WOOD SAWING
Sawing wood is one of the most important operations of this trade and the tool used is perhaps the
oldest. It consists of cutting wood with saws or saws. The saw is a steel blade of uniform thickness
with a serrated edge that does a job similar to that of many small chisels. The angle formed by the
sides is called the cutting angle and the angle between the customer's longest cutting line is called
the detachment angle.

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Saws: the crosscut saw, the contour saw and the miter saw, the movable blade saw that is the classic
carpenter's saw. In addition, the electric saw, the pendulum saw, the universal saw, the band saw
and the jig saw.
Saws: the blade saw, the rib saw.
Crosscut saw: it is a saw with a straight spine, the toothed part is curved and with handles at the
ends, it is handled by two people and is used to cut logs.
Common loom saw : the sides of the blade are parallel and the width is variable according to the
uses, it is attached by its ends to an "H" shaped frame and secured by two movable handles, the
tension is achieved by twisting a rope double placed on the opposite side of the sheet.
Contour saw: the frame is similar to the previous one with the narrow blade, it allows cutting small
curves.

AGRICULTURAL GARAGE
It is in this closed environment where all the agricultural machinery or tractors are maintained and
put in safekeeping, along with them are also all the towing accessories of the agricultural tractors
such as the seeder, thresher, subsoiler, disc plow.

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CONCLUSIONS
 The agricultural workshop helps us provide solutions to mechanical problems of agricultural
machinery.
 The agricultural workshop reduces the maintenance cost of agricultural machinery.
 The agricultural workshop is a place where all agricultural tools and machinery are kept safe
and their handling must be done by trained people.

Bibliography
 https://www.ecured.cu/Forjado
 Malishev. A, Technology of metals (1989) Editorial Pueblo y Educación, City of Havana
 Arcadio Ríos. The agricultural engineering of the Cuban producer. INFOIIMA Editorial,
Havana, (Book in edition). 2015
 HERRANDINA. Agricultural Mechanization. 2 volumes, Lima 1993