Tensiones en Vigas

Stresses in Beams

29.- A Cypress beam has a section of 10 cm x 20 cm and deflection along an axis parallel to the
face of 10 cm. If the maximum tension produced is 500 kg/cm 2 . Determine the maximum bending
moment. Sun. 3,333 kg-m

10cm

20cm

10cm=y
20cm
10cm

M .Y
σ=
I

M (10 cm)
500 kg /cm2= =¿ 50 kg /cm3 .6666 , 66 cm4 =M =333.333 Kg/cm
I
3
b.h
I= =(10 cm)¿ ¿ M =3.33 Kg/cm
12

30.- A cantilever beam 2.70 m long supports an isolated load of 4000 kg at its free end. The
material is structural steel and the maximum bending stress must not exceed 1250 kg/cm 2 .
Determine the diameter necessary if the bar is to be circular. Sun. 20.7cm

IN D/2
d
TO D/2
2.7m
 Tensiones en Vigas

M=Fd

M=400Kg x 2.70=10800kg-m

M .Y
σ=
I

(10800 kg−m)( D/2)

12500 kg /cm2= =¿
π D4
64
4
1250 kg /cm. π . D =5400 kg−m( D)(64)

D=20.7

31.- An oak beam 4 cm long is simply supported at the ends and loaded in the center with an
isolated force of 700 kg. The proportionality limit of wood is 550 kg/cm 2 and a safety coefficient of
4 is sufficient. Determine the section of the beam if (a) it is to be square and (b) if the height is to
1
be 1 times the width. Sun. (a) 14.5 cm, (b) 11.1 cm x 16.6 cm
2
Mmax : X=[0,4]

TO b
2m
4m 700

[0,4]
x x-2

350 350

M= 350x -700(x-2)

M= Fd M=350x-700x+1400

M=350x M= 1400-350x
 Tensiones en Vigas

M MAX =¿1400 kg−m= M ¿

550
=137 , 5
4
2
a ¿ σ =137 , 5 kg /cm
3
bh
I= =a ¿ ¿
12
4
a
I=
12

MY
σ=
I

137 , 5
kg
=
( 1400 kg−m ) ( a2 )
2 4
cm a
12

a=18.28 cm

1 3
b¿1 =
2 2

I =a ¿ ¿

MY
σ=
I

137 , 5
kg
=
( 1400 kg−m ) ( 34 a)
2 4
cm 27 a
96

a=11.1cm∗16 ,6 cm
 Tensiones en Vigas

32.- A simply supported pine beam is 3 m long and supports a uniformly distributed load of 40 kg
per linear meter. The maximum bending stress must not exceed 105 kg/cm 2 . If the height of the
1
beam must be 1 times the width, determine the necessary section. Sol.5.48 cm x 6.85 cm
4

3m

Mmax ∑
❑
Fy= A−120+ B

0 ≤ x< 3 A+B=120

120kg MA= (1.5)( 120 ) + ( 3 )( B )

( 1.5 )−( 120 )

B= =B=60
3
60kg 1.5
A+B=120
x
60(1.5)-20(1.5)2 =45kg/m
(−60 x
x
2()
( 40 x ) + 4

M=60 x−20 X 2

2
60 ( 1 )−20 ( 1 ) =40
2
60 ( 2 )−20 ( 2 ) =40
2
60 ( 3 )−20 (3 ) =0
5/8 to D/2
5 IN
a d
4 D/2
 Tensiones en Vigas

5
4500( a)
3
b(h) 8
I= 105=
12 125 a
4

768
3
5
b( a)
I=
4
12
a=❑
4500.5 .768
125.105.8 √
4
125 a
I= a=5.48
768

5
b= a
4

5
b= ( 5.48 )=b=6.85
4

33. An H 160 profile is used for the characteristics, see table at the end of the chapter as a
cantilever beam. It has a safety tee of 4. Determine the section of the beam if (a) it is to be square
and (b) if the height is to be times the width. Sun. (a) 14.5 cm (b) 11.1 cm x 16.6 cm

34.- A steel beam 1.5 m long is simply supported at each end and supports an isolated load of
10,000 kg 60 cm from one of the supports. Determine the maximum stresses produced by bending
in the beam if it has a rectangular section 10 cm wide and 15 cm high. Sun. 960 km/cm 2

Tall

10000kg
∑ F ( Y )=0
1st
cut 2nd cut
Ay+ By−10000=0

Ay=6000
150cm
 Tensiones en Vigas

Oh
∑ M ( A )=0
By

60cm −10000 ( 60 ) + By ( 150 ) =0

By=4000

1st
cut:

0 ≤ X ≤60

∑ M ( PC )=0

M −6000 x + M =0
PC
6000kg x M =6000 x

2nd
cut:

2 ≤ X ≤4
10000kg
V
∑ M ( PC )=0

J. M −6000 x +10000 ( x −60 ) + M =0

PC
6000kg x M =−4000 x+600000
60cm

M max = 360000 kg.cm

15cm

10cm

3 3
b∗h 10∗15
I= = = 2812.4 cm 4
12 12
 Tensiones en Vigas

M.y
σ=
I

360000 kg . cm∗7.5 cm
σ= 4 = 960 kg/cm 2
2812.4 cm

35.- Determine the maximum bending stresses for a bar loaded as in the previous problem if the
beam is an H 180 profile.

 We know from the previous problem that the maximum moment is: 360000 kg.cm
 From the table we know that the module of an H180 profile is 426 cm 3

M
σ=
W

360000 kg . cm
σ= 3
426 cm
2
σ =845 kg /cm

36.- A 1 mm thick steel bar has been arched to form a circular arc with a radius of 70 cm.
Determine the maximum flexion stresses. Take E= 2.1x 10 6 kg/cm 2 Sol. 1500kg/ cm2
6 2
E=2.1 x 10 kg /cm

Radio de curvatura=70 cm

y
t= 1 mmx 0.1=0.1 cm
p

t=
( 2)
1
( 0.1 ) cm
=7.143 x 10
−4
70 cm
6 2 −4
σ =ET =2.1 x 10 kg /c m x 7.143 x 10
2
1500.07 kg /cm
 Tensiones en Vigas

37.- The maximum bending moment that exists in a steel beam is 550,000 kg-cm. Choose the most
economical wide flange profile that resists this moment if the working stress and compression is
1400 kg/cm 2 . Sun. H 180

M max =550000 kgcm

M 550000 kgcm
W= =
σ kg
1400 2
cm
3
W =392 ,86 cm
: H180

38.- In the beam represented in fig. It is simply supported at its ends and supports the two
symmetrically placed loads of 6000 kg each. If the working stress, both in tension and
compression, is 1250 kg/cm 2 . Choose the most economical wide flange profile to support these
loads. Sun. H160

6000kg 6000kg

0.6m 0.9m 0.6m

❑
∑
❑
M ( A )=0

-6000(0.6)-6000(1.5) +By (2.1) = 0

 Tensiones en Vigas

By = 6000
❑
∑
❑
Fy=0

Ay-12000+6000 = 0

Ay = 6000 0≤ x≤0,6
−6000 x + M =0
M M =6000 x
x 0 0,6
x M 0 3600

6000

6000 6000 6000

M M

x x
0.6
0.6 0.9
6000
6000

1 ,5 ≤ x ≤ 2 ,1

-6000+6000(x-0.6)+M=0 -6000x+6000(x-0.6)+6000(x+1.5)+M=0

M= 3600 M= -6000x+12600

x 1,5 2,1
M max =3600 kgm M 3600 0

M max =360000 kgcm

M 360000 kgcm
W= =
σ kg
1250 2
cm
3
W =288 cm RESULT: H160
 Tensiones en Vigas

39.- Consider the simply supported beam with the isolated and uniform loads of fig. Choose an
appropriate wide flange profile to resist these loads based on the working tension in tension and
compression of 1400 kg/cm 2 . Sun. H200.

9000kg

1500 Kg/m

0.9m 2.1m

❑
∑
❑
Fy=0

9000kg 3150 FA+ FB−900−3150=0

v

FA+ FB=12150 … … …(I )

TO b
0.9m 1.05m 1.05m

FA FB

❑
∑
❑
MA =0
 Tensiones en Vigas

-9000(0.9)-3150(1.15) +FB (3) =0 Replacing in I

-8100-5142.5+FB (3) =0 FA+4747.5=12150

FB=4747.5 FA= 74025

x M

1402.5

1 ,5 ≤ x ≤ 2 ,1
❑
∑
❑
MN =0

M = 7402.5x = 0

M = 7402.5x

9000kg
1500kgm

x N M

0.9m x-0.9
7402.5

9000kg 1500(x-0.9)

x N
M

0.9m x−0 , 9
(x-0.9)
2
7402.5
 Tensiones en Vigas

❑
∑
❑
MA =0

M −7402.5 x +9000 x ( x−0.9 ) +1500 ( x−0.9 ) ( x−0.9

2 )
=0

M −7402.5 x +9000 x−3100+750 ¿

2
M +15975 x−8100+750 x −1550 x+ 6075=0
2
M +750 x +2475 x−7492.5=0
2
M =−750 x −247.5 x−7492.5

X = 0.9

M max =6662 ,25 kgm

M max =666225 kgcm

kg
σ =1400 2
cm
M 666225 kgcm
W= =
σ kg
1900 2
cm
 Tensiones en Vigas

4
W =475.87 cm
Rpta: H 200

40.- The two distributed loads are supported by the simply supported beam as shown in fig. This is
an H160 profile. Determine the magnitude and location of the maximum bending stress in the
beam. Sun. 613 kg/cm 2 , 1.83 m from the right support.

2m 2m 2m

600 Kg/m 1200 Kg/m

❑ ❑
∑
❑
Fy=0 ∑
❑
MA =0

A – 1200-2400+B=0 -(1) (1200)-5(2400) +6B=0

A+B= 3600 B=2200

 Tensiones en Vigas

A+2200=3600 A= 1400

0≤ x≤2

600x

x
x/2

1400

-1400X+(X/2) (600X) +M=0

-1400X+300 x 2 +M=0

-300 x 2 ++1400X=M

0 ≤ x< 4

1200kg/m

1m

x M
2m
(x-2)
1400

-1400X + (X-1) 1200 + M= 0

-1400X + 1200X -1200 + M=0

-200X – 1200 + M =0
 Tensiones en Vigas

200X + 1200 = M

0 ≤ x< 6

1200kg/m 200(X-4)
1m (x-1)/2

x M
2m 2m (x-4)

1400
( x−4 )
−1400 x+ ( x−1 ) (1200 )+ ∗1200 ( x−4 )+ M =0
2
2
−1400 x+ 1200 x−1200+600 x −2400−4800+ M =0
2
−200 x−8400+ 6200 x + M =0
2
−600 x + 200 x +8400=M

M =2016.66 kg . m

41.- A beam with a cantilevered end represented in fig. It is circular in section with 15 cm in
diameter. Determine (a) the maximum bending stress in the bar and its location, (b) the value of
this stress in the fibers of the bar in the central section between the supports. Sun. (a) 1230 kg/cm
2
under the isolated load; (b) 870 kg/cm 2

1m 4500kg 300kg/m

5m 2m
 Tensiones en Vigas

❑
∑
❑
MA =0

−4500 ( 1 ) −2100 ( 3.5 ) +By ( 5 )=0

By=2370
❑
∑
❑
Fy=0

Ay−4500−2100+2370=0

Ay=4230

300x

x
x/2
x 0 1
4230
M 0 4080

−4230 x +300 x ( 2x )+ M =0
2
M =−150 x +4230 x

4500 300x

1m

M
x 2 5
x
M 4080 -600
x/2
4230
 Tensiones en Vigas

−4230 x + 4500 ( x−1 )+ 300 x ( 2x )+ M =0

2
−4230 x + 4500 x−4500+150 x + M =0
2
M =−150 x −270+ 4500

−4230 x + 4500 x + 4500+150 x2 −2370 ( x −5 ) + M =0

2
270 x−4500+150 x −2370 x +11850 + M =0
2
M =−150 x +2100 x−7350

x 5 7
M -600 0

Result 1,230 Kg/ cm 2

42.- Choose the most economical wide flange profile to support the load described in the previous
problem. Use a working tension in traction and compression of 1250 kg/cm 2 . Sun. H160.

M
W=
σ

408000 kg . cm 3
W= 2
=326 cm
1250 kg /cm

Rpta: H160 Profile

43.- With reference to fig. A T beam with the section represented cantilevers a meter and a half
from a wall, and supports a uniformly distributed load of 600 kg/m including its own weight.
Determine the maximum compressive and tensile stresses. Sun. -1417 kg/cm 2 , +607 kg/cm 2 .
 Tensiones en Vigas

2cm

2cm

8cm

5cm 5cm

∑ M ( A )=0

−900 ( 0.75 )−M =0

M =675 kg . m

4
¿=333.3 cm

Y=7cm

−67500 kg . cm∗7 cm 2
σc= 4
=−1417.6 kg /cm
333.3 cm

+67500 kg . cm∗3 cm 2
σt = 4
=607 kg/cm
333.3 cm

44.- The simply supported steel beam is loaded with the load uniformly distributed and the torque
represented in fig. It has the U section represented. Determine the maximum tensile and
compressive stresses that arise. Sun. 353 kg/cm 2 tension, 645 kg/cm 2 compression

1000 Kg/m 18 cm

1000 kg-m
 Tensiones en Vigas

16cm

3.6m 0.5m 0.9m

3cm

We find the reactions:

∑ M =−3600 ( 1.8 )−1000+ By ( 5 )=0

By=1496

We proceed to find the maximum bending moment:

The maximum moment is found in the cut “ 0≤x≤3.6 ”

M=-500x 2 +2104x

Finding its vertex gives us in “x” 2.104m, substituting in the equation gives us as a maximum
MOMENTUM 2213.4 kg.m

Formulas:

Moment of I: “I”

M∗C −M∗C 11285.3 cm 4

θtension= θcompresion= ∑ Fy= Ay+ By=3600
I I
0.000112853m 4
Ay=2104
2213.4∗C −2213.4 .∗C
θtension= θcompresion=
I I

2213.4∗0.032 −2213.4 .∗0.068

θtension= θcompresion=
0.000112853 0.000112853

θtension=627620.0012 kg . m θcompresion=−1333692.503 kg . m
 Tensiones en Vigas

45.- Two 120 x 120 x 12 corner angles are welded together, as can be seen in fig. and are used as a
beam to support loads in a vertical plane so that bending occurs with respect to a horizontal
neutral axis. Determine the maximum bending moment that can exist in the beam if the bending
stress cannot exceed 1400 kg/cm 2 neither in tension nor in compression. Sun. 1220 kg-m

120cm

12cm 120cm

My
θ=
I

We replace what we have: We need to find the neutral axis:

M∗3.7 TO and Oh
1400=
I Fig. 1 25.92 cm 2 5.4cm 139,968 cm 3
14.4cm2 8.64cm3
Fig. 2 0.6cm
Neutral axis= (∑Ay/∑A)
M∗3.7 Neutral axis = 3.7cm
1400=
18587.6
I=18587.6cm 4

M=7033145.946kg.cm
 Tensiones en Vigas

46.- The U-shaped beam with a cantilevered end is loaded as seen in fig. The material is gray cast
iron with an allowable working stress of 350 kg/cm 2 in tension and 1400 kg/cm 2 in compression.
Determine the maximum allowable value of P. Sun. 455 kg.

2P P 16cm

10cm

2m 2m 1m

2cm

2P 3rd
Q ∑ F ( Y )=0
1st cut
cut 2nd cut

Ay−2 P−P+9 P/4=0

Ay=3 P/4

Oh
By ∑ M ( A )=0
2m 2m 1m
−2 P (2 )−P(5)+By (4)=0

By=9 P/4
1st
cut:

0 ≤ X ≤2

∑ M ( PC )=0

M −3 P/4 ( x )+ M =0
PC
3P/4 x M =3 P/ 4(x )
 Tensiones en Vigas

2nd
cut:

2≤ X≤ 4
2P
∑ M ( PC )=0

−3 P
J. M ( x )+ 2 P ( x−2 ) + M =0
PC 4

3P/4 x −5 P
M= x +4 P
2m
4

3rd
cut:

4 ≤ X≤5
2P
∑ M ( PC )=0

−3 P
J. M ( x )+ 2 P ( x−2 )−9 P /4 (X−4)+ M =0
PC 4

3P/4 x M =Px−5 P
9P/4
2m 2m

¿=628.48 cm , Y=3.2 cm
4

M. y
σt =
I

150 Pkg . cm∗3.2 cm

350= 4
=P=458.26 kg
628.48 cm
 Tensiones en Vigas

47.- A wooden beam with a section of 8x12 cm is subjected to a maximum transverse shear stress
of 1000 kg. Determine the shear stress at points 2 cm apart on the height of the beam. Sun. 0, 8.7
kg/cm 2 , 13.9 kg/cm 2 , 15.6 kg/cm 2 , 13.9 kg/cm 2 , 8.7 kg/cm 2 , 0

to.-

12m
2m

8m
2m

Static moment:

b(hsection)(y)=8*0*6=0cm 3
v
T
τ = ∗∫ y da
Ib y

1000 kg 2
τ= ∗0=0 kg/cm
1152∗8

b.-

12cm
2m

2cm

8cm

3
Static moment:8*2*5=80 cm

1000 kg 3 2
τ= 4
∗80 cm =8.7 kg /cm
1152 cm ∗8 cm

c.-

12cm
2m
4cm

8cm

3
Static moment:8*4*4=128 cm
 Tensiones en Vigas

1000 kg 3 2
τ= 4
∗128 cm =13.9 kg /cm
1152 cm ∗8 cm

d.-

12cm
2m
6cm

8cm

3∗1000 kg 2
τ= =15.6 kg /cm
2∗8 cm∗12cm

and.-
12cm
2m
8cm

8cm
3
Static moment:8*8*2=128 cm

1000 kg 3 2
τ= 4
∗128 cm =13.9 kg /cm
1152 cm ∗8 cm

F.-

10cm 12cm
2m

8cm

3
Static moment:8*10*1=80 cm

1000 kg 3 2
τ= 4
∗80 cm =8.7 kg /cm
1152 cm ∗8 cm

g.-

12cm
2m

8cm
 Tensiones en Vigas

1000 kg 2
τ= ∗0=0 kg/cm
1152∗8

48.- The simply supported beam of 3 m length and section 10 cm by 20 cm supports a uniform
load of 300 kg/m, as can be seen in the attached figure. Neglecting the self-weight, find (a) the
maximum normal stress in the beam; (b) the maximum shear stress; (c) the shear stress at the
point 60 cm to the right of R 1 and 2.5 cm below the top face of the beam. Sun. (a) 50.6 kg/cm 2 ;
(b) 3.4 kg/cm 2 ; (c) 0.89 kg/cm 2 .

10cm

300kg/m

20cm

R13m R2

∑ F ( Y )=0
1st
cut 300kg/m
Ay−900+ 450=0

Ay=450

Oh
By ∑ M ( A )=0
3m
−900 ( 1.5 ) + By (3)=0
 Tensiones en Vigas

By=450

1st
cut:

0 ≤ X ≤3
30X V
∑ M ( PC )=0

J. M −450 x +300 x ( x /2 ) + M =0
PC
2
450kg x M =−150 x +450 x
X/2

Mmax= 33750 kg.m

3 3
b∗h 10∗20 4
to.- I = = =6666.6 cm
12 12

33750 kg . cm∗10 cm 2
σ= 4
=50.6 kg /cm
6666.6 cm

b.- ∑ F ( y ) =0

450−300 x−V =0

V =−300 X +450 Vmax=450kg

450 kg 2
τ medio= 2
=2.25 kg/cm
200 cm

3 2.25 kg 2
τ max= ( )=3.4 kg /cm
2 cm2

c.-
3
Static moment: 10*2.5*8.75 = 218.75 cm

270 kg 3 2
τ= 4
∗218.75 cm =0.89 kg /cm
6666.6 cm ∗10 cm
 Tensiones en Vigas

49.- Determine (a) the maximum bending stress and (b) the maximum shear stress in the beam
represented in the figure. The beam is simply supported and has a rectangular section.

5cm

1000 kg-m 4000 lb/ft

15cm

1.5m 2m 2m

Conversion:

lb
∗( 0.3048 ) ft
ft kg
4000 ∗1
m 0.4535924 lb

2687.876 kg /m

Finding Reactions

∑ F y =0
Ay + By =26.88
∑ MB =0
-4Ay+ 26.88(2) + 1000 =0
Ay= 263.44 kg
By=-236.56 kg

•CUT 1.
ΣFy=0
V=0
∑ M =0

M=1000

•CUT 2.

ΣFy=0
 Tensiones en Vigas

-v+3226.59=0
V=3226.59
∑ M =0

−1000+3226.59( x−1.5)+ M =0

M =3226.59 x−3839.885

•CUT 2.

ΣFy=0
3226.59-V-3953.18(X-3.5) =0
V=-5953.18+21979.107=V
∑ M =0

−1000−3226.59 x + 4839.885+2976.59 ( x 2−7 x+ 12.25 ) + M =0

2
M =−2976.59 x +24062.72−40303.1125
M max. =262500 kg • cm

So:

262500 (7.5 )
σ=
1406.25

2
σ =1400 kg /c m

50.- A rectangular Colorado cedar beam that has a section of 15x20 cm is simply supported at the
ends and has a span of 2.4 m. If the allowable bending stress is 165 kg/cm 2 and the shear stress is
6.5 kg/cm 2 , determine the intensity of the uniform load that can be applied to the entire beam.
Sun. 1083kg/m
 Tensiones en Vigas

uniform load that can be applied over the entire beam.

240P kg

Ay−240 P+120 P=0

Ay=120 P

Oh 240cm ∑ M ( A )=0
By

120cm −240 P ( 120 ) +By ( 240 )=0

By=120 P

1st
cut:

0 ≤ X ≤240
PX V
∑ F ( Y )=0

J. M 120 P−Px−V =0
PC
120P kg x V =−Px +120 P
X/2
∑ M ( PC )=0

−120 Px+ Px ( x /2 ) + M =0

τ max=
3T −P ( x 2)
M= +120 Px
2bh 2

3(120 P)
6.5 kg /cm2=
2 ( 15 )(20)

P=1083 kg/m
 Tensiones en Vigas

51.- A beam has a U section represented in fig. If the maximum shear stress in the beam is 3000
kg, determine the maximum shear stress that occurs. Sun. 138 kg.

2cm 2cm

2cm 6cm

8cm

4
¿=272 cm

Y = 5cm
3
Static moment: 2(2*13*1.5)+8*2*2 = 50 cm

3000 kg 3 2
τ= 4
∗50 cm =137.86 kg /cm
272 cm ∗4 cm