Black Belt 2021 - Ieby Dan Base Thesis

Mexican Association Moo Duk Kwan AC
Tijuana - Rosarito
Tae Kwon Do Thesis

For Black Belt 2nd Dan
Presents
Brandon Bustillos Rivera
Teacher
Iris Angelica Luna Sotelo
Tijuana, B. c. December 5, 2021

Personal Dedication
) MDK Tijuana-Rosarito
I dedicate the effort of this work to my parents and brothers, unique beings, with all the
appreciation in the world and to all my family, teachers, colleagues, to all those who
accompanied me at all times in the process carried out during all this moral time. Spiritually
and financially to be able to move forward with this project. To my teachers especially
because the experience of the degree allowed me to know and develop the best stage of
my life, thank you for accompanying me and supporting me in the pleasant and difficult
moments that the development of this research entails.
Thank you all.
Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera 2

Acknowledgments/Personal Thanks
I thank my parents for all their support since the beginning of my practice within this
discipline, all these years of effort and dedication would not be beneficial without their
motovation. I owe many of my achievements to them as well as to my sabomnim. I thank
them for being with me in each of the events in which I participate, for giving me the
confidence and advice that helps me meet this goal. Goal that I committed to achieving
regardless of the effort and wear and tear it requires.
I thank my sabonim Iris Angelica Luna Sotelo again for the trust she generated in me,
her constant support in the discipline and her teaching, undoubtedly the best.
Thank you for sharing your knowledge with me and encouraging me to be a better
person every day and a much better student in the practice of this taekwondo discipline.

INDEX
Introduction
Part One: Moo Duk Kwan and Tae Kwon Do
I. Moo Duk Kwan
INTRODUCTION 10
FIRST PART 11
MOO DUK KWAN 12
1. WHAT IS MOO DUK KWAN 13
2. MOO DUK KWAN IN KOREA 14
2.1 History 14
2.2 Birth of Moo Duk Kwan 19
2.3 Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee 19
The Basics of Moo Duk Kwan 22
Moo Duk Kwan 22
10 articles of the creed 22
2.4 Moo Duk Kwan's achievements and activities until 1961 23
A) Moo Duk Kwan and “O Geh Gi Khan Do Jang” 23
B) Initial stages of Moo Duk Kwan 24
C) The Korean War and its effect on Moo Duk Kwan 26
D) The main period of Moo Duk Kwan and the discovery of Moo Yei Do Bo
Tong Ji 27
2.5 The unification movement between Soo Bahk Do 28
(Tang Soo Do) and Tae Kwon Do 28
2.6 Moo Duk Kwan family split 29
2.7 Current activities of Soo Bahk (Tang Soo) Do Moo Duk Kwan and Tae Kwon
Do and how they are related 31
2.8 Moo Duk Kwan under the leadership of Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee in the
world 32
2.9 Moo Duk Kwan after the loss of the Grandmaster 33
3. MOO DUK KWAN IN MEXICO 34

3.1 Background 34
3.2 the beginning 34
3.3 The arrival of Prof. Moon 34
3.4 The First Generations of Black Belts 35
3.5 Emergence of the Moo Duk Kwan Association of Mexico, its lack of
recognition and its expansion throughout the country 37
3.6 Fractures of the Organization 39
3.7 Moo Duk Kwan Achievements 40
3.8 Moo Duk Kwan Today 41
4. MOO DUK KWAN IN TIJUANA AND ROSARITO 42
4.1 MDK Tijuana-Rosarito 42
4.2 Beginnings of MDK in Tijuana 42
4.3 First Generations of Black Belts 43
4.4 Recognition of MDK in Our City 43
4.5 Expansion and History of MDK in Rosarito 44
4.6 Competition Events at MDK Tijuana-Rosarito 45
4.7 Black Belt Graduation Ceremony 45
4.8 MDK Tijuana-Rosarito Today 46
4.9 Mission and Vision of Our Organization 48
Mission 48
Vision 48
5. BASIC CONCEPTS FOR PRACTICE IN MOO DUK KWAN 49
5.1 Whe Gong 49
5.2 Neh Gong 49
5.3 Shim Gong 49
6. MEANING OF OUR EMBLEM 51
6.1 Main Elements 51
6.2 Characters 52
6.3 Colors 52
TAEKWONDO 53
1. WHAT IS TAE KWON DO 54
1.1 Definition 54
1. The physical part 54

2. The mental part 55

3. The spiritual part 55
1.2 Fundamentals of Tae Kwon Do 55
1. Concentration 55
2. Physical appearance 56
3. The breathing 57
4. The equilibrium 57
5. Sportsmanship and good manners 57
6. Hard work 57
7. Self Defense 57
1. 3 Conclusion 57
2. TAE KWON DO IN KOREA 59
2.1 Introduction 59
2.2 . History of Korean Martial Art 60
2.2.1 The Sonabaes and the Tae Kyon of Koguryo 61
2.2.2 Sil-La's Hwarangdo and Tae Kyon 62
2.2..3 Period of unification of the 3 kingdoms, the Koryo dynasty and the Yi
dynasty 64
2.2.4 First half of the 20th century 65
2.3 Emergence of Tae Kwon Do 66
2.3.1 First stage: beginning of the 20th century 66
2.3.2 Present and Future of Taekwondo 70
2.4 Summary of relevant events in chronological order 70
1946 70
1953 71
1954 71
1955 71
1961 71
1963 71
1964 71
1965 71
1966 71
1971 72

1972 72
1973 72
1977 72
1980 72
1988 72
1992 72
1994 72
2000 72
3. BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE TAE KWON DO IN
MEXICO 73
3.1 Background 73
3.2 First stage: 1969 - 1979 73
3.3 Second stage: 1980 - 1989 74
3.4 Third stage: 1990 - 1999 75
4. BENEFITS OF PRACTICE TAE KWON DO 77
5. PHILOSOPHY OF TAE KWON DO 79
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 Philosophy of Art 79
Main Fundamentals of Tae Kwon-Do 81
The 5 foundations of Human Behavior: 81
The 10 Modern Principles of Tae Kwon-Do: 82
The 11 points to emphasize during mental training: 82
The 10 points to emphasize for physical development: 82
The 5 benefits of mental training: 82
Objectives that demand special attention: 83
5.3 Ti Philosophy - Belt 85
Black belt: 87
5. 4 Do Bok Philosophy - Uniform 87
CONCLUSION 89
1. GENERAL CONCLUSION OF THE THESIS 89
SECOND PART 91
CURRICULUM 91
General information 91

Personal information 91
Partial exams 92
Participation in Tournaments 92
THIRD PART 97
I. MDK ANTHEM 98
OFFICIAL ANTHEM OF THE 98
MOO DUK KWAN MEXICAN ASSOCIATION 98
II. MEANING OF THE KOREAN FLAG 99
Tae Guk-Ki 99
Origins 100
Meaning of the symbols 100
III. BIBLIOGRAPHY 102
BOOKS 102
Tae Kwon Do For Kids 102
The best Karate 102
INTERNET 102
1.1

2. Tae Kwon Do in Korea 55

2.1 Introduction 55
2.2 History of Korean martial art 56
2.3 Emergence of TKD 62
2.4 Summary of facts relevant in order 66
chronological
3. Background and development of TKD in Mexico 70

3.1 Background 70
3.2 First stage 1969-1979 70
3.3 Second stage 1980-1989 71
3.4 Third stage 1990-1999 72
4. Benefits of practicing TKD 74
5. TKD Philosophy 76
5.1 Introduction 76
5.2 Philosophyof the art
76
5.3 Philosophyof the belt – You
82
5.4 Philosophyof theuniform -
III. Conclusion DoBok 85
1. General Conclusion of the 88

Thesis
Second part: Curriculum

1.Curriculum of Activities in Moo Duk Kwan 90
Third part: Annexes

I. Anthem to the MDK family 95
II. Meaning of the flag Korean 96
III. Bibliography 99

INTRODUCTION
Taekwondo is a form of empty-hand combat that involves the use of the entire body.
Tae: means "kick" or "hit with the feet",

Kwon: means "hit" or "destroy with the hand or fist", and Do: means "way" or "method".
Taekwondo is the unarmed combat technique for self-defense that consists of the skillful
application of techniques including punching, kicking, jumping, blocking, dodging, parrying
actions with hands and feet. It is more than just a physical fighting skill, as it represents a
way of thinking and a way of life that requires strict discipline. It is a system of deformation
of both the mind and the body in which great emphasis is placed on the development of
moral practices.
Taekwondo is a martial art that today is a form of self-defense that has evolved by
combining different martial arts styles that existed in Korea for the past 2,000 years and
some martial arts styles from the countries surrounding Korea. Taekwondo incorporates
the sharp linear movements of Karate and the circular flow patterns of Kung-fu with native
kicking techniques. More than fifty typical Chinese circular hand movements can be
identified in modern Taekwondo. Some of the martial arts styles that contributed to
Taekwondo are: Tang-su, Taek Kyon, also known as Subak, Kwon Tae, and Kwonpup
TaeKwonpup. There are also influences from Judo, Karate and Kung fu.
Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

MDK Villafloresta
10
FIRST PART
Moo Duk Kwan and Tae Kwon Do
MOO DUK KWAN
History and Fundamentals
11
1. WHAT IS MOO DUK KWAN
The Institute of Martial Virtue, Moo Duk Kwan,

has been at the forefront of Korean Martial Arts since
its establishment in 1945. He is one of the largest,
most influential and popular Kwans in Korea and has
been responsible for the creation of three of the most
popular Korean styles.
The number of worldwide members,

organizations, and associations that have historical
and philosophical ties to Moo Duk Kwan are
innumerable.
Moo Duk Kwan has been an important key in

the creation, popularity, and evolution of Korean
martial arts around the world. Your success too
It generated great conflicts against him by the government and his compatriots, which is
why he has had to defend himself from a government that sought his destruction, members
who wanted to change him, and other martial arts organizations that wanted to dissolve
him. With all the ups and downs and critical situations he has gone through, Moo Duk
Kwan continues to strive to maintain his original roots.
Moo Duk Kwan owes its existence to its creator, Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee,
opening its doors for the first time on November 9, 1945.
According to Grand Master Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee, the practice of Moo Duk Kwan is
not a sport, nor is it a Personal Defense System. According to him, the practice of Moo Duk
Kwan is a Martial Art.
"In the world of Martial Arts, the state of our Art, at the present
is based on the history of its past, we cannot contemplate our eternal
development without basing our present on the past”
Grandmaster KYN Hwang Kee
12
2. MOO DUK KWAN IN KOREA
2.1 History
The Institute of Martial Virtue, Moo Duk Kwan,
has been at the forefront of Korean Martial Arts since
its establishment in 1945. He is one of the largest,
most influential and popular Kwans in Korea and has
been responsible for the creation of three of the most
popular Korean styles. The number of worldwide
members, organizations, and associations that have
historical and philosophical ties to Moo Duk Kwan are
innumerable.
Moo Duk Kwan has been an important key in

the creation, popularity, and evolution of Korean
martial arts around the world. His success also
generated great conflicts against him by the Original
government and his compatriots, which is why he has MooDukKwan
had to defend himself from a government that sought Emblem
his destruction, members who wanted to change him,
and other martial arts organizations that wanted to dissolve him. With all the ups and
downs and critical situations he has gone through, Moo Duk Kwan continues to strive to
maintain his original roots.
Moo Duk kwan owes its existence to its creator, Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee, this
organization has never failed to maintain the highest standards, the Moo Duk kwan
organization was created in 1945, the one that would one day teach the Korean martial art
Hwa Soo Do. Many Kwans emerged in Seoul after the war; Moo Duk Kwan was one of
them. The teaching of forgotten Korean arts by Korean masters began after the overthrow
of the Japanese colonial government in 1945, with Doyangs opening across the country.
The new Kwans and their Dojangs reflected the influence of the Japanese colonial
government (1876-1945), as it had turned Korea and its culture into a new Japan. Moo Duk
Kwan taught principles of doctrines more than 2000 years old, many of these principles
were taken directly from Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism more than 4000 years old,
Moo Duk Kwan taught loyalty, obedience, respect, consideration, perseverance , honesty,
humility, and self-control.
The ancient doctrine of Korea taught the development of people's character and
was the cornerstone of the Korean warrior. This doctrine was based on the T'ing Ming or
"Mandate of Heaven", and it rationalized the actions of the ancient priests. warriors; then
the command of heaven became a doctrine of virtue and justice.
In 1945, Koreans had survived the dissolved Yi dynasty (1392-1910) and dynastic
rule (2000 BC BC), the conquest by Japan, the ravaging of Korean culture,
13
and the second world war. After the Second World War, the Korean population
struggled against the new government. All known archives of ancient and recent Korean
martial arts had been destroyed or found deeply hidden during the 70 years of colonial rule.
The new Korean martial arts instructors and organizations that taught in 1945
worked hard to resurrect ancient techniques, but without historical reference or ties to the
ancient culture, their first efforts to resurrect ancient Korean martial arts failed due to
eradication. colonial of Korean culture, including the Martial Arts of ancient Korea between
1876 and 1945. In 1945 the colonial occupation had been in many cases in second and
third generation families and few memories remained from before the Japanese colonial
period. It had been 12 years after the overthrow of the colonial government, before the first
historical book was found that described the Martial Arts practiced in ancient Korea.
Moo Duk Kwan's philosophy was based on the philosophies of ancient Korea such
as Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism. And the same teachings of the Korean Hwa-
Rang militia created shortly before the T'ang dynasty and flourished during the same
dynasty (610 932). The Hwa-Rang is now legendary in Korean folklore having been the
crème de la crème of scholars of Korean philosophy, art and military training, as well as
great spiritual leaders. Korea has been a melting pot of the three ancient philosophies, for
the last 4000 years. Each one had a different climax or time in Korean history.
The standards imposed by each of the ruling families that controlled Korea during
the dynastic period were excessive, and as a result of the high philosophical standards,
perhaps that is why the people of Korea resisted the oppressive government and each of
the ancient philosophies helped them. in your favor. The ancient people of Korea did not
eliminate philosophical teachings simply because the government wanted, the principles of
each were directly absorbed into the culture of the people and thus nullified the wishes of
the government. The principles and teachings of these three great philosophies were the
foundation and guide of Moo Duk Kwan.
Hwang Kee Circa was born in Korea in 1914. His father

was recognized by his fellow Koreans and the royal family of the
Yi dynasty for his many achievements. Hwang Kee was born
shortly after the destruction of the Yi Dynasty. The Yi dynasty
worked incessantly to improve the intellectual and philosophical
knowledge of the people of Korea, and the unfortunate reduction
in importance of the Korean army caused the conquest. This
dynasty was successful in reducing the effectiveness of the
Korean army, but it took centuries to happen. When the power of
the Korean army withered, the Koreans had the ability to defend
them and from outside invaders as well.
In the last 1000 years in Korea, the army threatened the

royal family in command of the government, the army had a
Kwan Yang Nim
strong background in Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhist Hwang Kee,
teachings and demanded that the royal family maintain the high Founder of
ethics that traditionally existed during the centuries. Unlike the MooDukKwan
Western government, the Korean military and the government
were not separated. This caused great concern among the Koreans in charge of the
government. For about 1,000 years, the Yi family, rulers of Korea, grew up fearful of the
power of the army. Unable to limit the military role in Korea, they decide to nullify the power
of the army to obtain control of power.
14
Over the centuries, the healthy influence of the Korean government was successful
in destroying its army and without a strong army, the continuous invasions of warlike Japan
were successful. In 1876 Japan triumphantly invaded and conquered Korea, which brought
about the end of the Yi dynasty. In 1910, Japan announced to the world that Korea was
part of its territory and named it Chosan. Fearful of the army's takeover, the Yi Dynasty
destroyed the internal threat, but in doing so, it lost control of the government and Japan
colonized Korea. As the military organization had been gradually dismantled over the
centuries by the royal family, the faithful Korean army knew that the end was near. Devoted
military leaders wanted to repeat the many achievements of the former great Korean army.
Around 1700 AD a Korean army general wrote the book titled, Moo Yei Do Bo Tong Yi. The
Moo Yei Do Bo Tong Yi narrated the ancient military training, philosophy, and self-defense
techniques of the Korean army.
Hwang Kee did not fit the popular profile of a Japanese teacher. He had not trained
with the Japanese Grandmaster of his time. He does not come from a Japanese lineage.
Hwang Kee had trained with various instructors, including family members, in his youth and
much of his adult life. During his youth his country was in ruin. The colonial government
kept the rural population illiterate. Because of this, Hwang Kee and most Korean teachers
of his time shared a similar heritage and were criticized by teachers in Japan.
Credibly battling well-established, anti-Korean-Japanese martial arts organizations,

Hwang Kee worked hard to revive Korean martial arts, and then, extremely successful, in
reducing tensions between Korean and Japanese practitioners. In 1945 Hwang Kee
created Moo Duk Kwan. The first Korean government was also created in the same year.
Later, the two create common bonds. The future politics of independent Korea had a major
effect on Moo Duk Kwan in future decades. In 1945 the Korean government, weak and
inexperienced, had to negotiate with establishing treaties itself to combat threats from
internal and external sources. The government viewed those who did not agree with its
decisions as enemies. The leader and president of Moo Duk Kwan, Hwang Kee, was a
strong leader and loyal to his Kwan. However, Hwang Kee's strong position and beliefs in
Moo Duk Kwan put him in opposition to the Korean government's wishes.
At the first attempt, in 1945, Moo Duk Kwan was not very successful. Hwang Kee
started teaching Korean martial art and does the style he named Hwa Soo Do, and thought
of it as Hwa Soo Do Moo Duk kwan. He named it Hwa Soo in honor of the rebirth of Korea,
and the ancient Korean martial training of Hwarang, or blossoming youth. Hwa Soo Do,
translated means “the way of the hand of flourishing”. Art was not accepted with enough
interest to sustain Moo Duk Kwan. Only a few students started and immediately left the
training. In 1947 after speaking with another instructor he used the Korean name Tang Soo
Do, which means "the Chinese hand way." Deciding that the people of Korea were not
ready to support a traditional Korean martial art, Hwang Kee chose to use the more
politically correct name, Tang Soo Do. Hwang Kee gained many students using the name
"Tang Soo Do" When Hwang Kee changed the
15
name from Hwa Soo Do to Tang Soo Do, was the beginning of Tang Soo Do Moo
Duk Kwan.
Tang Soo Do is the translation of the more well-known Japanese term, Karate-Do,
or "the way of the Chinese hand." Karate-Do spread throughout the region before the
Japanese colonial regime from 1876 to 1945. Although colonial rule was removed in 1945,
it took many years to remove the immense Japanese influence, and the fear and distrust
that the people of Korea had. Korea's past could not be fully resurrected for decades. In
past centuries Japan had always returned after being expelled. Many people in Korea, in
1947, believed that the Japanese would return again and their ancient culture would take
time to return to them.
Hwang Kee was very successful in teaching Tang Soo Do Moo Duk Kwan. Moo
Duk Kwan grew in size, membership, and influence until 1955. In 1955, the leaders of the
different Kwans of Korea were invited to attend a meeting. The goal of the meeting was to
consolidate instructors and Kwans created in South Korea between 1945 and 1955. Moo
Duk Kwan instructors could earn large sums of money for teaching the Martial Art to North
American military personnel. Dollars were essential in Korea. The American military
presence and its interest in things Korean helped rebuild Korea's fragile economy after the
end of World War II. Wherever there were military bases, there were Moo Duk Kwan
instructors teaching Tang Soo Do Moo Duk Kwan. Many of the Korean instructors saved
their earnings and used the money to immigrate to the United States and teach in later
years.
Hwang kee did not attend the meeting fearing that the government would take over
Moo Duk Kwan. The nine Kwans represented at the meeting agreed to join. They also
agreed to use the name that Gen. Choi Hong Hi suggested for the new art; This is how Tae
Kwon Do began, although the unification of the Kwans was short. Many of the original
Kwans were reestablished, but Tae kwon Do had received enough support to survive and
grow.
In 1955 there was still no ancient record of

any Korean martial art that was accepted by all
Korean martial arts instructors. Thus, in 1955 the
Korean government gave its moral and financial
support to Tae kwon Do as the official Martial Art of
Korea. Only two years later, in 1957, Hwang Kee
discovered the book titled, "Moo Yei Bo Tong Jul"
which described in detail, techniques and forms of
Soo balin (harmful hand), and Soo Bahk
techniques. Hwang kee recognized what he had
found and incorporated the teachings of ancient
Korean martial arts into Tang Soo Do Moo Duk
Kwan. He renamed his art in honor of his discovery
like "Tang Soo Do Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Moo Yei Do Botong Jui
Kwan." The ancient Soo Bahk techniques that

Hwang Kee discovered were different from those of
today. Representing ancient teachings and ancient ways from thousands of years ago,
Hwang Kee published what he discovered in Korea and the United States so that everyone
would be informed of its existence and importance.
In 1961, a new political period was created, caused by the uncertainty of the
16
Korean president. General Chong Hee took over the presidency, many changes occurred
in Korea, and one of them was the reduction of Moo Duk Kwan's influence. The new
president wanted to reduce the popularity of Moo Duk Kwan and Tang Soo Do Soo Bahk
Do. as it threatened the popularity of the government's Tae Kwon Do.
The government made forced changes that caused Hwang Kee to spend his energy
defending Moo Duk Kwan against all government intervention, and although many
members of Moo Duk Kwan wanted to join Tae Kwon Do, Hwang Kee did not want it that
way. Tae Kwon Do members wanted Soo Bahk's name to disappear. Hwang Kee believed
that the Soo Bahk techniques were authentic Korean techniques known until then, some
Moo Duk Kwan instructors, under Hwang Kee joined the Tae Kwon Do Organization and
called the new organization Tae Kwon Do Moo Duk Kwan. Hwang Kee and the remaining
members of the Tang Soo Do Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan continued to teach and protect
what would become the most popular system in all of Korea, Moo Duk Kwan.
New books, stories and legends have been discovered since 1957 when the "Moo
Yei Do Bo Tong Yi" was discovered. More historical books and writings have been
discovered and published since 1945, adding new information about Tae kyon, another
ancient Korean martial art, and Hwarang Do appeared after Hwang Kee created interest in
Korea's martial past. Moo Duk Kwan has grown for over 50 years and during this time, Moo
Duk Kwan, and its organizations and affiliations, have been the source of thousands of
instructors and dozens of Kwans around the world. Moo Duk Kwan has been instrumental
in the global acceptance and popularity of Korean martial arts. Hwang Kee, creator and
grandmaster, has also participated in the creation of several Moo Duk Kwans that teach
several different styles, Tang Soo Do, Soo Bahk Do, and Tae Kwon Do; All members of
Moo Duk Kwan, and very few organizations in Korea and the history of martial arts, can
compare with the success and achievements of Moo Duk Kwan.
For the Korean government, Moo Duk Kwan has been a source of great irritation.
Hwang Kee has stood by the principles and ideas he incorporated in the Moo Duk Kwan
that were in opposition to what the government wanted. Moo Duk Kwan has maintained the
highest standards of conduct and professionalism. Moo Duk Kwan continues today with
great strength and members are continually joining it.
New achievements and organizations with past affiliations with Moo Duk Kwan can be
found throughout the world. Strong against insurmountable forces as an example of the
principles and concepts on which it was founded, Hwang Kee and Moo Duk Kwan continue
the process that began 50 years ago: the resurrection, teaching, and evolution of the
ancient and traditional Korean martial arts.
17
2.2 Birth of Moo Duk Kwan
The Institute of Martial Virtue, Moo Duk Kwan, was

founded by Master Kwan Jang Nim wang Kee on November 9,
1945, opening its doors for the first time in Young San Ku, Seoul,
Korea.
The basic idea of Moo Duk Kwan is the development of its

participants:
"Individuals Strong in Spirit and Body, make communities

Powerful;
Strong Communities Make Strong Nations; nations
Strong and Peaceful make a Strong and Peaceful world."
2.3 Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee

Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee, born November 9, 1914 in Jang Dan, Kyong Ki
Province. His father was a scholar awarded the “Hong Pae” which consisted of a scroll
personally signed and presented by King Ko Jong, the last king of the Yi dynasty. The
“Hong Pae” was awarded to people who held the highest academic degree according to
the “Dae Kua Gup Jae” evaluation system applied during the Yi Dynasty.
In May 1921, when Hwang Kee was 7 years old, the popular “Dan O” was
celebrated at the May Festival. Activities such as Ssirum (traditional wrestling), archery and
races were carried out around the town. Suddenly, Hwang Kee heard a scandal that caught
his attention; As he approached, he observed a group of 7 or 8 young people arguing with
a man, a situation that soon led to physical aggression. The young men tried to hit the man,
but the man evaded and blocked their attacks by counterattacking with different kicks,
taking them to the ground one by one. Some of the observers identified his movements as
“Tae Kyon” and “Sip Pal Ki.” Master Hwang Kee's impression was such that he decided to
find out what that art was about. He followed the man and discovered where he lived.
Several days later, he approached the man's house, sat on a hill and looked toward
his house. He was able to observe the man practicing foot and hand movements with a
partner, which were similar to those he had applied in the festival confrontation. He often
went to the same place to watch the man practice and then he imitated and practiced the
techniques he observed. One day Hwang Kee decided to learn these techniques and
asked the man to teach him. His application was denied because he was too young.
Despite this, he continued to attend the man's practices whenever he could. The practices
consisted of 'Tae Kyon' which expanded during the latter part of the Yi Dynasty period. This
was one of the most influential experiences that led Hwang Kee to become Kwan Jang
Nim, and dedicate his entire life to Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan.
18
Hwang Kee entered elementary school at the age of 11 and graduated from high
school in March 1935. Afterwards, he went to Manchuria to
work for the railway company (May 1935). In 1936, he had the
opportunity to meet a Chinese master, Master Kuk Jin Yang,
and to visit his house accompanied by his friend Park Hyo Pil.
During the visit, he noticed that Master Yang was privately
teaching a Chinese martial art to a group of young people. He
never forgot his dream of learning the depths of martial arts;
For the previous 20 years he practiced whenever he had free
time and consulted every available source; However, he had
never had access to formal instruction or dependent literature
in the area.
That same day, Hwang Kee asked the teacher for the
Young Kwan
opportunity to be his student, the teacher gently rejected the Jang Nim
request by replying, “I'm not good enough to teach you.”
Neither Hwang Kee nor his friend could speak Chinese, so they were unable to express
their desire to learn. Hwang Kee considered this a unique opportunity that he could not
pass up.
The teacher and his friend insisted until they were accepted as students. They went
to class every day, Teacher Hwang Kee never missed a class. He sincerely accepted
Master Yang's instruction, his progress was exceptional due to his dedication and previous
practice. The training consisted of She Bop (stances), Bo Bop (steps) and Ryun Bop
(conditioning) as his basic training. He also trained in “Dham Toi Sip E Ro” and “Tae Kuk
Kwon”, which were disciplines of form and their application in combat.
In August 1937, he leaves Master Yang and returns to Seoul for personal reasons.
In 1941, he returned to Manchuria to visit the master to practice. This was the last time he
received instruction from Master Yang, as he was unable to visit or communicate with him
again after China became a communist country in
1946.
Upon his return to Seoul in 1937, Kwan Jang

Nim sought the opportunity to continue his personal
practice in martial arts and the possibility of instructing.
But at that time it was impossible to carry out such
activities due to the strict Japanese influence existing in
all facets of Korean culture, caused by the Japanese
occupation (1910 to August 1945). Due to this situation,
Ken Do and Ju Do were the only two martial arts known
to the general public; people did not know Soo Bahk,
Okinawan Karate, Chinese Wu Shu, or Kung Fu.
For this reason it was impossible for Kwan Jang

Nim to realize his dream. During this period, he
invested his time in meditation and conditioning.
Kwan Jang Nim
Hwang Kee
In 1939, he went to work in the studies
department of the Cho Sun railway. His workplace was quiet, as it was away from the main
building. In it, there was a reading room, a library and several exercise rooms. Despite
19
receiving a low salary, he felt comfortable with the working conditions, and mainly with the
environment. He spent most of his time reading, in particular, about astronomy, philosophy,
and karate. The books found in the library were Japanese, which is why the first martial
arts books he had access to were precisely books with Japanese bases.
In this way he had his first encounter with Okinawan Karate and realized that he
could study it through books. Later, this knowledge influenced the Moo Duk Kwan system
when “Tang Soo Do” was adopted by Master Kee during the early part of Moo Duk Kwan
history. Forms such as Pyung Ahn, Passai, Kong Sang Kun, etc., practiced differently than
in their original form in Karate, were influenced by Master Kee's study of these books.
During this time, he developed, reaching great maturity as a martial artist. He had
the ease of transporting himself to any place where the train could reach, so he was able to
travel to the most famous mountains and Manchuria, this gave him experience and maturity
in the discipline of martial art. In that same period, there were a large number of wars
started by Japan, which led to World War II. It was a difficult and unstable time. Finally,
Korea became an independent country on August 15, 1945, when World War II came to an
end. At that time it was possible for Master Hwan Kee to fulfill his dream of devoting himself
completely to martial arts.
Over the previous 25 years, his maturity as a martial artist was achieved through
Tae Kyung's hard and extensive self-training, his multiple formal and informal training
experiences of various martial arts, and the great influence of Master Yang. It was not only
Master Yang's technical influence, but also his desire to improve human character, that
gave him invaluable experience. Also the study in books on Okinawan Karate between
1939 and 1945 had a great influence.
With these experiences in martial discipline, Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee founded
Moo Duk Kwan and established his philosophy on November 9, 1945.
20
The Basics of Moo Duk Kwan
Moo Duk Kwan
Moo Duk Kwan can be translated as follows: “Way of teaching Moo and
Duk through martial art training.”
MOO DUK KWAN
Martial, Military, Virtue, Style, School

Prevent Ethics Institute
Internal/External Discipline
Conflict. Eight basic concepts
Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan
Yong Gi – Courage
Chung Shin Tong Il – Concentration
In Neh – Perseverance
Chung Jik – Honesty
Kyum Son – Humility
Him Cho Chung – Force Control
Shin Chook – Tension and relaxation
Wan Gup – Force control
10 articles of the creed
1. Loyalty to your country

2. Obedience to your parents and your elders
3. love your partner
4. Cooperative with your brothers
5. Respect for the elderly
6. Faithful to your teacher
7. Faithful to your friends
8. Face combat only in justice and with honor
9. Never retreat in combat
10. Always finish what you start
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2.4 Moo Duk Kwan's achievements and activities until 1961

A) Moo Duk Kwan and “O Geh Gi Khan Do Jang”
After World War II came to an end (August 15, 1945), there were a large number of
people who became involved in martial art activities in Korea. Below are 5 styles, which are
known as the original 5 key styles within Korean martial art. The exact date of
establishment of these schools is not known, but they have been the greatest influence on
contemporary Korean martial arts. These five schools were called “O Geh Gi Khan Do
Jang”.
1945 to 1950
Schools existing in Korea before the Korean War

Name of school Founder's name Location
Moo Duk Kwan Hwang Kee Seoul

Yeon Moo Kwan
changed to Chun, Sang Sup Seoul
Ji Do Kwan
YMCA Kwon Bop Bu
changed to Chang Moo Yun, Byong In Seoul
Kwan
Chung Do Kwan Lee, Won Kuk Seoul
Song Moo Kwan No, Byong Jik Gae Song
1950 to 1953
The activities within the schools and the schools themselves came to separation due to the
war.
Founder/successor It was divided

Name of school into
Moo Duk Kwan Hwang Kee Moo Duk Kwan

Ji Do Kwan
Han Chae Han
Yeon Moo Kwan Yun, Kwei Byong
Moo Kwan Yeon
Moo Kwan
Kang Duk Won

YMCA Kwon Bop Bu Lee, Nam Suk
Choong Moo
Kwan Chang Moo
Kwan
22
Jong Do Kwan
Chung Do Kwan Shon, Duk Song Kuk Moo Kwan
Chong Ryong
Kwan
O Do Kwan
Song Moo Kwan No, Byong Jik Song Moo Kwan
1953 to 1961
Several schools came to internal division due to problems caused by the Korean War, only
two schools were able to maintain their unity.
1960 to Present
June 30, 1960
Moo Duk Kwan and Ji Do Kwan joined forces as the Korean Soo Bahk Do
Association, which was headed by Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee. This group was
incorporated and registered with the Ministry of Education as “Korean Soo Bahk Do
Association, Inc.” as a martial art organization.
January 1964
The Korean Tae Soo Do Association was formed and ran under the name “Korean
Athletic Assosiation, Inc.” (Korean Athletic Association). The following year (1965), the
Korean Tae Soo Do Association changed its name to the Korean Tae Kwon Do
Association.
1st president: General Chae, Myong Shin

2nd president: General Choi, Hong Hee
3rd president: No, Byong Jik
4th president: Kim, Yong Chae
5th president: Kim, Un Yong
B) Initial stages of Moo Duk Kwan
Initially, Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee named his martial art “Hwa Soo Do” (art of the
flourishing hand). He taught his first class at the Ministry of Transportation in Yong San,
Seoul, on November 9, 1945.
23
Before introducing the art to his students, he

spent many hours meditating on its name. There
was no Korean historical documentation or
evidence available about traditional Korean culture
on which he could, at that time, rely to find an
appropriate name. All documentation and evidence
of Korean culture was destroyed during the
Japanese occupation, as the Japanese sought to
make Korea adopt their culture. After long periods
of research and meditation he chose “Hwa Soo Do”.
His choice of this name was related to the new
celebration of Korean Independence.
Initial Stage of Moo Duk Kwan,
1945
The first “Hwa Soo Do Moo Duk Kwan”
class began with three students. In the initial stage of Moo Duk Kwan Do Jang, Kwan Jang
Nim did not have a sign identifying his art or school, so he was not noticed. It was very
difficult for his students to understand the discipline of Hwa Soo Do because the public was
not informed about his art. For 36 years, all systems in Korea were controlled by Japanese
education and discipline; Therefore, it was natural for Koreans to absorb and adopt
Japanese culture. There was no knowledge of Korean culture or any other country, except
Japan. Due to this situation, it was difficult for any new system to gain public recognition.
Hwang Kee's first 3 students didn't even last three months.
Again, he formed a group and started his classes. This was a younger group
compared to the first, their average age was 20 years. He taught this group “Seh Bop” and
“Bo Bop” (a discipline with basic steps of Chinese influence). They stopped practicing
before finishing their basic stage, that is, less than three months. The teacher became quite
depressed and it was then that he understood that it was difficult to introduce a new
discipline to a people who were still accustomed to Japanese influence and control in all
aspects of their lives.
After this, he met Chun, Sang Sup (founder of Yeon Moo Kwan or Ji Do Kwan) and
Lee, Won Kuk (founder of Chung Do kwan). He was happy to have met these two
personalities, since they shared the same interests in terms of discipline. Chun called his
art “Kong Soo Do” and Lee called his “Tang Soo Do”. They both practiced Karate in Japan,
were very successful and had more practitioners than Moo Duk Kwan at that time. Kwan
Yang Nim meditated and reevaluated the future of Moo Duk Kwan. One of his conclusions
was to integrate the art of “Tang Soo Do” into the discipline of Hwa Soo Do.
In Korea the most popular arts were Gum Do and Yu Do, due to the Japanese
influence. Tang Soo Do was not as popular as Gum Do and Yu Do, but it was the only term
for a Karate-like discipline that was recognizable to the public.
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In 1947, he began instructing Tang Soo Do

(Okinawa Karate) based on the knowledge he
acquired studying different books (since 1939). He
also carefully applied the discipline of Hwa Soo Do
techniques. The group was made up of 16 students.
After the two previous failures, Kwan Yang Nim was
able to instruct successfully. After years of intense
training, he proudly graduated
his first four students Dan. This was a Exhibition in 1947
great achievement of Moo Duk Kwan that marked the
beginning of the discipline of the Dan Bon system, which is unique for every practitioner.
Using the name Tang soo Do gave great acceptance among the public and the number of
practitioners increased every day. Hwang Kee was more encouraged by his mission and
maintained with excellent discipline his continuous studies in the philosophy, history and
science of Tang Soo (Hwa Soo) Do.
Although he taught Tang Soo Do, he could not open or make known the concept
and name of Hwa Soo Do, which led him to publish in Korea, in 1950, the first book on
Korean martial arts called “Hwa Soo Do Kyo Bohn” (Teaching the origin of Hwa Soo Do).
Moo Duk Kwan's future was quite promising at that time.
C) The Korean War and its effect on Moo Duk Kwan
On June 25, 1950, the Korean War began.

Everyone moved to the south seeking refuge from
the invasion from the north. Hwang Kee first went to
Dae Ku and then moved further south to Pu San,
which is the southernmost city in Korea. There, at
Cho Ryang Station, he taught Tang Soo (Hwa Soo)
Do during the War in 1951. Despite the difficulties
posed by the war, it had 70 students.
The war ended in September Stage 1945 - 1957

1953. Hwang Kee returned to Seoul to continue
teaching Moo Duk Kwan, he did so in a place that had no windows or floor. Even though
everything had been destroyed by the war, he never stopped instructing, as this was his life
and his faith.
In May 1955 he was able to rent a government building located in front of Seoul
Central Station. Later, this building became the legendary “Joong Ang Do Jang”, the central
school of Moo Duk Kwan. Even when Moo Duk Kwan occupied new and better facilities,
most of its most valued practitioners were lost due to the war. Danes #1 and #3 died during
the war, Dan #2 retired for personal reasons. Dan #4 died due to an accident. For Hwang
Kee, the loss of such dedicated practitioners was a great sadness, and he felt it was like
having to start over.
25
D) The main period of Moo Duk Kwan and the discovery of Moo Yei Do Bo
Tong Ji
Due to the success and growth of his art, Hwang Kee had to reorganize and
restructure MDK. He continued his studies on the scientific aspects of the art and
developed the science of Moo Do and the proper application and use of the hip to execute
techniques more effectively. He also developed new forms of Jok Gi (standing techniques
with hip extension), which would be the skills to be displayed, unique to MDK practitioners
at that time.
Due to Hwang Kee's technical and philosophical

contributions to the MDK system, he became an extremely
notable person among the public in a very short time. In
October 1955, the Korea-China International Goodwill Martial
Arts Competition was held, sponsored by MDK. It was MDK's
first international event held in Korea. The number of MDK
schools increased throughout the country. Schools, the
military, and the police sought MDK education. The MDK
system was also introduced in the Korean air and naval force
academies, where Kwan Yang Nim personally instructed. In Moo Yei Do Bo Tong
October 1956 he had to retire from the Ministry of Ji
Transportation due to his heavy schedule of activities
required by MDK.
In 1957, the MDK system was introduced to the US 8th Army at Yong San, Seoul. It
was very important for Hwang Kee to make this connection with members from a far away
country. One of his important dreams was to achieve world peace by improving human
relations through the practice of Moo Duk Kwan. The first contact with the US Army was the
door to the understanding of the Eastern martial art by foreigners in Korea and expanded
his dream of world peace. The response from military personnel was positive. In 1960, as a
result, interest grew rapidly and the MDK discipline was taught on all US military bases in
Korea. These were the first MDK seeds to flower in the USA and other parts of the world.
During this period, there were many positive activities for MDK including educational
publications such as Tang Soo Do Kyo Bon (teaching text on the origin of TSD), which was
written in 1958 by Kwan Yang Nim Hwang Kee, and Tang Soo Do Ho Sin Sool ( Self
Defense in Tang Soo Do). A monthly newspaper Moo Yei Si Bo (Martial Art Newspaper)
was also published during 1960. The academic aspect of Moo Do was always important to
him; Therefore, he continually improved the academic aspect of Moo Do through his
publications.
The year 1957 was the most significant year in Kwan Yang Nim Hwang Kee's
martial arts career. In this year he discovered the Moo Yei Do Bo Tong Ji, which is the most
important and valuable historical document of Korean martial arts. The Moo Yei Do Bo
Tong Ji was published approximately 300 years ago. It is the only book on Korean martial
arts from that era known today. It is the oldest and most valuable historical document on the
Korean martial art known as “Soo Bahk”.
26
Hwang Kee realized the importance of Soo Bahk as a traditional Korean martial art.
He studied the book in depth in order to introduce its valuable content to the practice at
MDK in Korea and, in the future, to Moo Do practitioners throughout the world. He
envisioned a future in which MDK was a traditional Korean martial art organization and Soo
Bahk Do was the traditional Korean martial art.
On June 30, 1960, he incorporated and registered his organization with the Korean
government under the name “Dae Han Soo Bahk Do Hoe” (Korean Soo Bahk Do
Association, Inc.) as the Korean Traditional Martial Art. The Moo Yei Do Bo Tong Ji
describes Soo Bahk Ki (hand striking technique) or Soo Bahk Hee (hand striking dance);
anyway Hwang Kee created the name Soo Bahk Do with reference to Soo Bahk Ki and Soo
Bahk Hee. The name he officially incorporated was based on his belief that Soo Bahk
should teach Moo Do (Martial Form or Path) Philosophy of stopping internal and external
conflict.
In January 1961, as an exchange of a Goodwill program, the MDK team was invited
by the Japan Karate Federation to perform at the Goodwill Martial Arts Championship. It
was the first time a Korean team competed outside their country. This also led MDK to be
recognized internationally for the first time. In May 1961, the International Goodwill
Demonstration and Martial Arts Championship was held in Seoul. China, Japan and Korea
brought teams to the event, sponsored by MDK and JDK. After the event, the Asian Martial
Arts Federation was formed, of which Kwan Yang Nim Hwang Kee was its first president.
The participating countries were Korea, Japan, and China.
At this time MDK was highly respected by the

general public. Dan Bon's concept was highly
respected among MDK practitioners. The Dan Bon was
awarded in numerical order to MDK practitioners who
met all requirements for promotion to Dan based on
Moo Do discipline and seniority. MDK's navy blue belt
is equivalent to the black belt in other martial arts
styles. The MDK patch was created by KYN Hwang
Kee, it was very popular and all practitioners were
proud to wear it as a reward for their efforts. Even non- Japan-Korea Competition
practitioners wanted to wear the patch back then
because of its reputation. Hwang Kee maintained a positive attitude and was excited about
the future of MDK.
2.5 The unification movement between Soo Bahk Do

(Tang Soo Do) and Tae Kwon Do
On May 16, 1961, Korea experienced an unforgettable political crisis, the Military
Revolution, led by General Peer, Chong Hee. This event had an immediate negative effect
on Hwang Kee and MDK, causing him great concern for the future of MDK. First, the
Korean government forced him to stop publishing Moo Yei.
27
Yes Bo, which violated freedom of the press. The same day, I removed his position
as an air force and police academy instructor for no reason. This was a very bad
experience which marked the beginning of difficult times for him and for MDK, which would
last for the next 30 years. This type of direct and indirect political pressure stunted the
growth of the AKSBD MDK. Although various activities sponsored and created by the
organization were carried out, it remained under the control of the military government from
1961 to 1965, and Hwang Kee suffered from all the difficulties and obstacles that operating
MDK represented.
At this time there were some discussions
and steps forward regarding the unification of Soo
Bahk Do and Tae Kwon Do. Attempts at unification
began in 1964-1965 by the TKD group, which was
led by Gen. Choi Hong Hee. The Korean Association
of SBD, MDK was the largest martial art organization
of all those in Korea. Hwang Kee agreed to discuss
a possible unification as long as it met a fair criterion
for both parties, in addition to consulting with the
interests of all MDK members.
After a number of discussions and meetings,

he decided not to approve the unification. Their
reasons were:
1. The unification would be carried out under the name Tae Kwon Do. For him, Soo
Bahk Do was the true traditional martial art. He had a firm belief that it was his
responsibility to maintain his heritage and pass it on to the next generations of MDK
so that they could be proud of their heritage.
2. There were 21 chairs available for the board of directors. But there were only three
places allocated for members of the Korean SBD Association. The members of the
AC of SBK accounted for 70% of the total number of martial artists in Korea. It was
not a fair situation in which the AC of SBD was represented by only three people,
considering the total number of practitioners. These events were a movement of
absorption by the TKD, in which they used their political advantages, instead of
reaching a fair unification. For this reason, he did not accept their unification plan,
for the good of the SBD Association and its future.
3. MDK had acquired the highest performance in promoting domestic and international
Moo Do activities in Korea.
2.6 Moo Duk Kwan family split

As a result of the failure to unify, a movement of Tae Kwon Do officers under Gen
Choi Hong Hee was gaining political advantage and exerting pressure using unfair tactics to
confuse MDK advanced gados and instructors and their role as MDK practitioners. Little by
little the MDK discipline was weakening due to the visible and continuous political influence
of the TKD movement.
28
Many of the members of MDk changed to TKD and started calling their group “Tae Kwon
Do Moo Duk Kan”. Hwang Kee had no visibility and could not convince his students to stay
with him, as TKD's political influence was too great to take on the Moo Do discipline alone.
This was the tragedy of Moo Duk Kwan's story, which will be remembered by beloved MDK
practitioners.
He understood that it was the right time for intense meditation, so he focused his
efforts on protecting the Korean Association of SBD, MDK along with the remaining
members who still supported him despite the difficulties. He sought to keep his name and
that of the organization as he knew this was important for the future of martial arts in Korea.
Hwang Kee lost many of his students. He was helpless. Despite everything, political
pressure could not stop him. The organization had to face the following:
1. MDK certification was not publicly accepted for employment reference purposes.
2. It was very difficult for MDK instructors to obtain their passports to travel abroad, so
they could not go out to instruct SBD MDK.
3. SBD MDK was prohibited from attending and participating in international events.
Political pressure eventually discouraged the remaining MDK members. These

actions seriously affected the organization. Hwang Kee did not give up or abandon his
belief in MDK and its supporters, continuing to promote his style under the name of the
Korean Soo Bahk Do Association. There was an incident in which someone tried to destroy
the Moo Duk Kwan Kwan Jeok Bu in order to destroy the records in the MDK discipline.
Kwan Jeok Bu was produced by Hwang Kee when he graduated his first Dan student.
When any of the MDK practitioners arrived at Cho

Dan, they were registered in the Kwan Jeok Bu according to
their seniority. This Dan Bon system is unique to MDK and
serves not only to assist organizational management, but also
the discipline and hierarchy of MDK. All Dan members of
MDK are registered in the Kwan Jeok. Before 1964, MDK
members had great respect and reputation for their Moo Do
discipline. Dan Bon is one of the most important aspects of
their personal Moo Do identity, which they maintain
throughout their lives.
In May 1955, Hwang Kee received a countersuit order

for the Korean SBD Association from the government for no
reason. He immediately initiated legal proceedings against the
Korean government. In November 1965, he won the case and
saved the AC from SBD. In January
1966, the government initiated legal proceedings against the AC of SBD and Hwang Kee.
After long and strong battles, in June 1966 he won the case against the government and
the supreme court. Due to the success achieved, the future existence of the Korean Soo
Bahk Do Association was guaranteed.
29
Directly and indirectly, political pressure continued to disturb both him and MDK,
making it difficult for him to travel outside the country. The pressure continued until 1979.
During this period he never stopped promoting So Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan. As a result,
MDK extensions existed in several countries.
He also
published Soo Bahk Do Dae Kham, which talked
about the excellence of SBD, in 1970. The most
unfortunate thing for Hwang Kee was that, due to
circumstances, he could not continue studying Moo
Yei Do Bo Tong Ji as much as he wanted. Either
way, he is happy because he was recently able to
finish his study and has begun to introduce what he
has learned to members through demonstrations,
clinics, and publications.
Soo Back Do, 1982 His first Soo back Do introduction was
in November of 1982 in the championship
International, which took place in Atlantic City, New
Jersey, USA. On that occasion, at the age of 70, he demonstrated Hwa Sun, a form of Moo
Yei Do Bo Tong Ji. At that time, practitioners around the world humbly witnessed the rebirth
of the Hwa Sun form of Soo Bahk.
2.7 Current activities of Soo Bahk (Tang Soo) Do Moo Duk Kwan
and Tae Kwon Do and how they are related
There is no formal relationship between SBD Moo Duk Kwan and TKD members
who were originally MDK members. However, there is an inherent relationship because we
all belong to the heritage of Moo Duk Kwan. Today, all MDK practitioners in the world can
trace their roots back to Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee, founder of Moo Duk Kwan or Tae
Kwon Do. He has placed high values on MDK tradition, philosophy, technique, history and
heritage while dedicating himself to his art and style as a martial art form, not a sport, since
MDK's inception.
In June 1960, Hwang Kee incorporated the AC of sBD as a non-profit, non-profit

organization. Its purpose was to study, promote and practice Soo Bahk Do to improve
personal well-being under the philosophy of MDK as a Korean martial art.
In January 1964, the TSD AC, under the chairmanship of General Chae Myong
Shin, joined the Korean Athletic Association, which is a sports organization. This action, in
effect, compromised its mission as modern traditional art and promoted its inclination
towards sport. Later, the Korean Tang Soo Do Association changed its name to the Korean
TKD Association (KTA) and many of Hwang Kee's students joined that association under
the name Tae Kwon Do Moo Duk Kwan.
On January 19, 1977, The Assoc. Cor. TKD established a policy to eliminate
traditional and historical names of Kwans (organizations), and to identify them by number.
Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kan I work continuously to
30
promote the Korean martial art through the study of tradition, philosophy, history,
and techniques while maintaining the Moo Do discipline by conducting Shim Sa (promotion
examinations) and establishing respect for hierarchies.
TKD has been promoted as a sport since it was adopted by the Korean Athletic
Association. Its great success in sporting competition has been recognized by the public
and it has now officially become an Olympic sport.
Both Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan and Tae Kwon Do are contributing to progress in
improving human relations and world peace. These objectives are carried out in a martial
way by the SBD MDK and in a sporting way by the TKD.
Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee has the sincere desire to maintain Moo Duk Kwan as a
Moo Do organization. This is his vision for the future of MDK. Becoming a sport with a
martial accent would result in the loss of the traditional values of Shim Sa Jae Do (Martial
Art Evaluation System) since the grading system would not be necessary to be successful
in the sporting aspect. Also, respect for the hierarchical discipline in Moo Do would be lost,
which would call into question the application of the physical and mental discipline of Moo
Do (Martial Form) by the practitioner.
2.8 Moo Duk Kwan under the leadership of Kwan Jang Nim Hwang
Kee in the world
Currently, the Korean Soo Bahk Do Association, Moo Duk Kwan is the headquarters
of World Moo Duk Kwan and it is there where Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee resided in Seoul,
Korea.
While
KJN Hwang Kee was still alive, the foreign
administrative events of the world MDK were
assisted by Sa Bom Hwang, H. C., representative
of Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee.
A large group of Moo Duk Kwan instructors

work in instruction throughout the world, and there
are also individual federations promoting the Soo
Bahk (Tang Soo) Do Moo Duk Kwan system who
followed the direction of Kwan Jang Nim Hwang
Kee and the Association. Korean Soo Bahk Do,
Kwan Yang Nim, 2002 Moo Duk Kwan.
Over the past 10 years, there has been great interest in the heritage of MDK among
second and third generation MDK practitioners around the world. It is very natural for Moo
Do practitioners to know and relate to their heritage in order to enjoy their “Living Art” with
pride according to the concept of
Moo Do. The natural flow of Moo Do concepts promotes the continued development and
increase of the members of the Moo Duk Kwan family.
31
2.9 Moo Duk Kwan after the loss of the Grandmaster
Until his death in July 2002, Grandmaster Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee faithfully promoted
the art he created. During his life, he established objectives and guidelines for the
organization, which ensure its progressive development and success. This included a plan
for his succession. It being the wish of Founding Master Hwang Kee, who was, Kwan Jang
Nim HC Hwang, his son, who will take on the responsibility of continuing to lead Moo Duk
Kwan, promoting the organization's vision and the art itself by reaching more than 200,000
active practitioners around the world.
Kwan Jang Nim Hwan Kee at the celebration of his anniversary, accompanied by his son and current
director of MDK Kwan Jang Nim HC Hwang
32
3. MOO DUK KWAN IN MEXICO
3.1 Background
The Moo Duk Kwan school in Mexico has its primary antecedents in a school
located in the Colonia Hipódromo Condesa in Mexico City. This Martial Arts school called
the Mexican Karate Do Association, was formed by the famous and true introducer of the
Martial Art in Mexico, Dr. Manuel Mondragón y Kalb, who became involved with martial arts
due to his great enthusiasm and desire to strengthen this discipline in our country.
3.2 the beginning
In Mexico the practice of martial arts is relatively new, since its formal introduction
dates back to the 1940s, with the then widespread technique of Judo. In the mid-50s when
a group of young enthusiasts asked a Japanese engineer named Nuboyoshi Murata, who
worked in laboratories called Takeda in Mexico City, to teach them the art of Karate Do
since he was a prominent Shito practitioner. Ryu (Karate Do). Motivated by the enthusiasm
of those young people, he decided to share his knowledge formally, in his style. In this way,
the first Karate Do school was inaugurated in 1959 with address on Av. De los Insurgentes
#25 borders Hermosillo, Colonia Hipódromo Condesa, in Mexico City.
Through years of practice, the first generations of Karate emerged in our country,
among them were Dr. Manuel Mondragón y Kalb, Carlos Villa, Los Hermanos Soto Mayor,
Arturo García Falcón, and Manuel Arrieta. All of them became strong promoters of Karate
in Mexico, such was the case of Mr. Juan Jorge Farias who fought and got involved in such
a way that he became an international competitor and director of the Shoto Kan style
schools, making these schools known. martial arts through the newspaper in Mexico.
Professor Antonio Márquez was the promoter of the Okinawa schools with the Shito Ryu
style in the beginning and later, the Okinawa Te style.
3.3 The arrival of Prof. Moon

The pioneer school continues forward under the command of Dr. Mondragón, who
was always concerned that this was the best martial arts school in our country, and that is
why a thorough search began to contact the best masters of Karate. Do. Dr. Mondragón
invites teachers from various systems to offer their teaching, such was the case of Sensei
Yato who changed the style to Shoto Kan; Murata and Mansura, teachers of international
fame and excellence in their system, who, over time, established their own schools, and
upon becoming independent, made martial arts grow in Mexico.
33
Dr. Mondragón did not give up, always trying to continue improving the martial art
and it was thanks to his great enthusiasm and with the idea of new achievements that he
arrived at a championship in Oklahoma USA, where he was able to appreciate the
excellent demonstrations and skills of some practicing instructors of Korean Karate, the
name by which what is now called Taekwondo was known.
During his visit, a teacher named Jack Hwang caught his attention, who had great
precision and skill with his legs, executing excellent breaks. He then invited him to Mexico,
and teacher Jack Kwang came to Mexico in 1968 accompanied by a young Korean
competitor who had his school in the city of Houston, Texas, named Dai Won Moon. Once
the seminar was held and the demonstration concluded, they returned to the USA, leaving
teachers and practitioners very satisfied and impressed.
By 1969, Dr. Mondragón, through Master Jack Hwang, had already managed to get
Master Moon to return to teach his teachings in Mexico, specifically in the Mexican Karate
Do Association. Moon arrived accompanied by Travis Lee Everett, who was wearing the
brown ribbon rank. At the same time, there were already many young people who also had
degrees in karate do, such as Prof. Sergio Fonseca Martín (brown belt), prof. Eduardo
Martínez (brown ribbon), and Prof. José Luís Olivares (green ribbon) among others, all of
them being students of Dr. Mondragón who was in charge of the teachings.
And this is how this school began with a new way of practicing and with a different
style that would mark the beginnings of Moo Duk Kwan in Mexico. By then, everything was
known as Karate Do and this new system was named Karate. This new system was named
Korean Karate.
In this way, the first work of this school began and for this Dr. Mondragón was an
important guide and pillar in all administrative and public relations aspects, as well as great
support in countless technical aspects; while on the other hand, Master Moon carried out
work on the technical aspect.
On the other hand, and in order to support the technical work, Master Moon
decided to join the international Moo Duk Kwan organization, which already had a well-
defined style and great international fame and which was also chaired by Grandmaster
Hwang Kee ( creator and founder of the Moo Duk Kwan system).
At the same time and with the purpose of starting the sports competition, the open
competition tournaments began, resulting in the first Karate Do tournament, resulting in the
end of this, that the Asoc school. Mexicana will show superiority, leaving several of its
members as champions, among them Dr. Mondragón, who is proclaimed national
champion at the Black Belt level. It is worth mentioning that these competitions were held
under the rules and conditions of the international regulations of Karate Do since at that
time there was nothing related to Tekwondo.
3.4 The First Generations of Black Belts

In 1970, during the month of June, the first black belt exam was held with a single
graduate: Prof. Travis Lee Everitt. Later comes a second generation in which the teachers:
Sergio Fonseca Martín and José Luís Olivares Amores graduate. For the third generation,
the graduates were the teachers: Isaías Dueñas Riestra, Ramiro Guzmán Gutiérrez and
Arturo Farias (Student of Professor Travis Lee). The fourth generation of black belts
34
corresponds to the teachers: Luís Alberto Cano, Ernesto Moran, Eduardo Martínez and
José Luís Torres Galindo. Another generation of great importance was the one to which the
teachers belonged: Manuel Echeverría, Jesús Herrera, Lauro Echeverría, and José Torres
Navarrete.
Black Ribbons Award, 1972: Eduardo Tovar, Fernando Tovar, Manuel Mondragón y Kalb, Dai Won Moon,
Ramiro Guzman, Isaías Dueñas, Arturo García Falcón. Below: José Luis Torres Galindo, José Luis Sánchez,
Luis A. Cano and José Torres Navarrete.
In the Assoc. Hard work was done to promote and try to differentiate Tang Soo Do
(Korean Karate) from Japanese arts and other martial systems, so various exhibitions of
this art were constantly held, which day by day, had more acceptance and greater growth
resulting in the first school of the Moo Duk Kwan system in Ciudad Satélite, Edo. From
Mexico. This school was run by teachers: Travis Lee Everitt and José Luís Olivares
Amores.
New schools emerged such as those mentioned below:
- Puebla: Directed by prof. Eduardo Martínez Vázquez

- Polanco: Directed by prof. Sergio Fonseca Martin
- Querétaro: directed by prof. Manuel Echeverria
Likewise, the schools affiliated with Taekwondo are mentioned:
- Mérida: directed by Prof. Ricardo Lavadores

- Durango: directed by Prof. Héctor de la O
- Hermosillo: directed by Prof. Rafael Sosa
- Monterrey: directed by Prof. Marcos Puente

- Michoacán: directed by Prof. Rodrigo Mares
- Chiapas: directed by Prof. Luís Mendoza, etc.
The growth work continued in the Mexican Karate Do Association under the system
already recognized as Moo Duk Kwan, and the generations continued to be recognized and
certified by the great master Hwang Kee, founder and creator of this system.
35
In Mexico, various situations arose which changed things within the association,
since in Korea we had already heard of the emergence of a new global organization, called
the World Taekwondo Federation, this fact caused prof. Moon decided to break relations
with Moo Duk Kwan International to join the new FMT based in Korea, following its
guidelines focused on competition and sports. However, it should be noted that Master
Moon continues to use the name of the system (Moo Duk Kwan), WITHOUT THE
AUTHORIZATION OR CONSENT OF GRAND MASTER HWANG KEE.
In 1973, many changes and various activities arose for the Moo Duk Kwan
community, such as participation in the First World Taekwondo Championship held in
Seoul, Korea, specifically in the Kuk Ki Won, participation carried out by teams and
individually. The Mexican team was made up of: Isaías Dueñas, Ramiro Guzmán, José
Luís Olivares, Ernesto Moran, José Luís Torres Galindo and Antonio Puig, and individually:
Isaías Dueñas and José Luís Olivares participated, making Mexico finish in 3rd place
global level. Accompanying this team were the teachers: Manuel Echeverría, José Torres
Navarrete and Alberto Paniagua, who provided great support to their compatriots. Also in
this same year, the first assembly of the world TKD federation was held and professors
Ramiro Guzmán and José Torres Navarrete were commissioned as delegates representing
Mexico.
3.5 Emergence of the Moo Duk Kwan Association of Mexico, its

lack of recognition and its expansion throughout the country
After success, the Moo Duk Kwan system gained greater recognition, and at the
same time, its activities increased wholesale, since popularity was immediate, and in
different parts of the Mexican Republic, people were looking for information and
demonstrations. of this Martial Art, also asking for Taekwondo instructors. Thanks to this,
more schools are created throughout the Mexican Republic, reaching 29 within the country.
In 1974, Full Contact, a 100% contact fight, emerged (a movement created in the
USA, as a professional way to demonstrate Martial Arts). Mike Anderson was the rules
creator, Dan Quoin was the event promoter and John Ree was the team creator who
created the protective equipment for this competition. In this same year, a worldwide
competition is held in the United States, where GM emerges as the first World Champion
and only Mexican in this art.
36
Isaías Dueñas Riestra. Within it, the

Martial Ballet (forms with music) was created
in which teams participated, and in turn the
members of the MDK stood out strongly, with
teachers Hill Wallace, Jeff Smith and Joe
Lewis emerging as champions in other
divisions.
In 1975, several events held gave
people something to talk about, as the
schools of Hermosillo and Insurgentes
became some of the strongest within the Moo
Duk Kwan style. Among other things, the
participation in Mexico in the 2nd World
Championship was noted, since 3rd place
was obtained. And at the same time, the
world league of Black Belts (full contact) was
created, which arose from a disagreement
between the leaders of the World
Professional Karate Federation, which held a
tournament where champions emerged again,
among them the teachers. : Isaías Dueñas
from Mexico, Bill Wallace from the US, Jefta
Smith from the US, Joe Lewis from the US,
Gordon Franks from the US and Ramiro
GM. Isaías Dueñas Riestra, Full
Guzmán from Mexico.
Contact World Champion
Mexico and its Taekwondo members
were at their best when a new achievement came to them during the celebration of the VI
World Championship held in Stuttgart-Germany, with the participation of 63 countries, the
team that represented Mexico was led by prof . Dai Won Moon and the majority of the
students from Moo Duk Kwan schools win second place. In addition to this fact, during the
development of the WTF general assembly, Mexico wins the venue for the organization of
the next World Championship, without However, the INDE decides to intervene and is
forced to cancel. Mexico obtained the headquarters again for the organization of the World
Cup in 1990 during the celebration of the general assembly of the WTF, on October 6,
1987 in Barcelona, Spain, but CONADE did not approve the celebration of this event, which
is why Mexico loses that great opportunity again.
In 1976, new painful circumstances arose for the MDK Association in Mexico,
projecting this school towards a path completely different from that of the beginning,
causing another break within the labor relations between Dr. Manuel Mondragón and Prof.
Moon, affecting with this act , and momentarily, the entire organization. From that moment
on, everyone would go their own way as Dr. Mondragón continues his course promoting
martial arts and especially Karate Do, while Prof. Moon, posing as founder, seeks to
promote the MDK System.
From there, Taekwondo moves in Mexico towards a single perspective, that of

making it known and recognized as a unique Korean system, differentiating it from other
Martial Arts, fighting against all the obstacles that stood in its way and creating its own.
events already with regulations based on those of the World Taekwondo Federation. As a
consequence of this decision, a new Mexican federation of TKD was created without official
37
recognition, but with all the prospects for growth, with Arch as its first president. Antonio
Calzada. Since the new federation did not have any external support, we have to recognize
and thank the hard and constant work of all the teachers and instructors of this organization
because thanks to this, participation in all international events is achieved and They
manage to send all those teams that were representing us outside and inside the country
(that is, with the Moo Duk Kwan fund).
3.6 Fractures of the Organization

The years passed, new achievements were obtained to the point of obtaining 2nd
place worldwide and 1st place at the Pan American level, Mexico and the MDK school were
in full swing when a break arose, and it was there when in 1982, Prof. José Luís Olivares
creates his own organization called the Mexican Taekwondo Institute, which causes the
separation of almost half of the 32 schools that made up the Mexican Taekwondo
Organization of the Moo Duk Kwan System.
Inside the Moo Duk Kwan school, despite the loss of a great director, spirits did not
decline and the rest of the members of the board of directors (Mtro. Sergio Fonseca, Isaías
Dueñas, Ramiro Guzmán, Eduardo Martínez, Ernesto Moran and Manuel Echeverría)
blindly supporting and encouraging their president (Prof. Moon), restarted a process of
reconstruction and acceleration of work to remake the Association and ensure that It will
continue to be the biggest, strongest and the first in the sport of Martial Arts. For the
following years, the Moo Duk Kwan system was already found throughout the Mexican
Republic, with more than 300 affiliated schools and with great participation in all events at
the state, regional and national level, opening doors to children, women and men. ,
instructing them in the Art of Taekwondo under the Moo Duk Kwan System.
Thanks to great work at the international level, where Mexico also intervenes,
Taekwondo obtained recognition as a Pan-American sport and was later recognized as an
Olympic sport. With this new approach, Taekwondo reaches its maximum splendor, where
the achievements for this discipline in Mexico continue, becoming a true power as it is
recognized internationally.
As time went by, the Moo Duk Kwan system in Mexico no longer had the
expectations for which it was created, and for the same reason a new break arose, but this
time, more important and with many subsequent effects, Prof. Moon Trying to take this
discipline towards a path with purely commercial purposes, it shows its members the MDK
registration in their name and seeks in this way to obtain franchise contracts with all its
affiliated members who had provided all their support and effort to raise this art. martial arts
and discipline in each of their places of origin. This fact angered the rest of the members of
both the board of directors and teachers in general, because this took away their right to
use the same name.
This act accelerated the separation process and it was in January 1994, when
Professor Moon left the offices on Calle de Ámsterdam, and reorganized on Calle de
Nuevo León No.50 in Mexico City, with a group of instructors to form their own
organization, also called Moo Duk Kwan.
On the other hand, Prof. Isaías Dueñas, Prof. Ramiro Guzmán, Prof. Eduardo
38
Martínez, Prof. Ernesto Moran, Prof. Manuel Echeverría and Prof. José Torres Navarrete
(as a lawyer), form the Mexican Moo Association Duk Kwan.
At the end of 1997, Professor Ramiro Guzmán called an urgent meeting with all the
Members of the Mexican Moo Duk Kwan Association, the representatives of the affiliated
Schools, and representatives of independent Schools, to inform them of his decision to
form the the Mexican Soo Bahk Do Federation, which he himself would preside over,
explaining that the purpose of this Federation was exclusively philosophical and technical in
nature; That the primary goal was to rescue the fundamental principles, the spirit that Soo
Bahk Do represents; its adjacent bases and structure.
Only a few affiliated and independent schools agreed, but the majority were
strongly opposed; Such is the case of GM Isaías Dueñas who decided not to be part of the
Mexican Soo Bahk Do Federation since, as we can understand, all this leads to a complete
transition, from changes to uniforms, to modifications in techniques and forms.
3.7 Moo Duk Kwan Achievements

Thousands of competitors have emerged from the ranks of Moo Duk Kwan who
have obtained great achievements, granting international prestige to our country through
their triumphs in Taekwondo. It would be an endless list, since in 58 years of Taekwondo in
Mexico, more than 150 medals have been won at the International level for this sport.
It should be noted that ninety percent of all Taekwondo Instructors in Mexico have
graduated under the tutelage of Moo Duk Kwan, an organization that to date has more than
ten thousand Black Belt Graduates.
At the international level, Moo Duk Kwan has contributed with 120 of the 150
medals that our country has obtained (more than 75% of the total) in the different
competitions in which it has participated and which has allowed the Mexican Flag to be
raised in various corners. of the world on different occasions.
These medals have been obtained in North American Championships, Central

American and Caribbean Games, Pan American Games, World Championships, World
Cups and Olympic Games.
39
3.8 Moo Duk Kwan Today

It can be said, without fear of being wrong,
that Moo Duk Kwan occupies the most important
place within the Martial Arts in Mexico, due to its
size, due to the number of its Instructors, because
it continues to work with Seminars to
professionalize the Aspiring Instructors. and to the
Instructors, focused on topics such as Psychology,
Pedagogy, Administration, Philosophy, Technique,
High Performance, Sports Medicine, etc., preparing
the new generations with a change in attitude,
directing those who make this discipline part of
their lives, towards five basic points: Loyalty,
Consistency, Respect, Discipline and Courage. But
positive aggression, channeled towards good, not
towards destruction or violence.
Since its founding in 1969 to date, Moo Duk

Kwan, which means Institute of Martial Virtue, is
the largest family organization in the world
dedicated to the teaching of Martial Arts. It currently
has more than 400 schools in the interior of the
Mexican Republic, distributed by zones, and
directed by founding members of Moo Duk Kwan in
GM. Isaias Duenas Riestra, Black
each of its states.
Belt 9th Dan, Current Director of
the Mexican Association MDK AC
It can be stated with certainty that 95% of
the Taekwondo that has flourished in our country has its seeds in the Mo Duk Kwan
Organization.
40
4. MOO DUK KWAN IN TIJUANA AND ROSARITO
4.1 MDK Tijuana-Rosarito

Moo Duk Kwan TijuanaRosarito is an organization dedicated to the instruction of
Martial Art focused on the development and improvement of the being in each of its
members, already having 34 years of constant growth and work.
4.2 Beginnings of MDK in Tijuana
MDK Tijuana began its teaching

activities in July 1987 with the arrival of its
founder Grand Master José Martín López
Rosales, who received such an invitation from
the organization in order to spread the Martial
Art in our beloved city, this mission was
entrusted directly by his teacher, Grand Master
Jorge Félix Hernández Mejía, Director of
AMMDK Mazatlán and current leader of
AMMDK Pacific Zone.
The first Doyang (Doyang Central) was

established in the center of the city, specifically
on Av. Mutualism between 2nd and 3rd streets,
in a space inside an abandoned building,
which, after several days of remodeling work by
our current director, little by little was
conditioned and taking shape to later become
the main Art school. City Martial.
Initially, due to the location of the

school, the student body consisted only of adult
men, which led to taking action and promoting
free classes and courses in nearby schools and
busier areas of the area. The first student body, GM Jose Martin Lopez Rosales
people of both sexes and all ages coming to CN 8th Dan, Founder and Current
train. General Director MDK
TijuanaRosarito
The exhibition was held on the outskirts of Doyang Central with the support of a municipal
police officer and a group of neighbors. The first formal exhibition was held inside a
convent. Derived from these activities there was an increase in the
One year after MDK's arrival in our city, the 1st State Tae Kwon Do Association in
41
Baja California was founded by Grand Master Martin López, who directed the following two
years, 1988-1990.
4.3 First Generations of Black Belts

In 1990, the first generation of Black Belts graduated, which was made up of:
• Prof. Aduato Hernández

• Prof. Iván Vladimir Ayala
• Enrique Escobar
• William plants
Those who accredited their evaluation satisfactorily in the City of Guadalajara, Jalisco;
with an outstanding participation due to the motivation and physical, mental and spiritual
focus that GM Martin López has always encouraged in his students.
The second and third generation of Black Belts made up the first Baja California State
Taekwondo Team, representing our state in different events at the national level, and in
which MDK Tijuana becomes renowned for its excellent sports participation in combat
competitions.
4.4 Recognition of MDK in Our City

With the success achieved, work began at the municipal level, receiving multiple
42
invitations to promote sports practice in exhibitions and events of various kinds.
Among them we can mention the notable participation of MDK Tijuana over several
years in the commemorative parade for the Anniversary of the Mexican Revolution,
obtaining second place in 1992 for contingent, group and discipline, national holidays,
celebrations in local parks , and even a Martial Arts exhibition held in Cortijo San José,
obtaining special recognition from the municipal government.
Participation in Commemorative Parade for the Anniversary of the Mexican Revolution
In 1991, the expansion of our Organization began with classes in the teaching
centers of Gimnasio Independencia and Fraccionamiento Soler.
In 1994, GM Martin López was invited to join Club Deportivo Britania as Master in
charge of the Taekwondo Club. At the same time, he joined the ranks of the Autonomous
University of Baja California, starting the UABC Campus Tijuana Taekwondo team,
participating in over 7 years as a coach in charge of the national team, having an
outstanding participation in different local, state, regional, national and international
sporting events.
In June 2004, the 17th Anniversary event of the arrival of MDK to our city took
place, with the Municipal Auditorium as its headquarters with an attendance of more than
5,000 people, which opened the doors to make us known much more in the city. Tijuana-
Rosarito area.
Three years later, in July 2007, the celebration of MDK's 20th Anniversary took
place in Tijuana with resounding success, causing a great impact in our town and
throughout Baja California.
4.5 Expansion and History of MDK in Rosarito

MDK in Playas de Rosarito began in May 2002, with the arrival of Master Rebeca
Márquez Orozco, who at that time had a 2nd Dan Black Belt and was only 17 years old and
began formal activities on July 2 of the same year. anus.
43
The beginning was not easy, since the Rosaritences' past experiences in the
practice of Martial Arts had led them to lose confidence in this type of activity, therefore it
was necessary to first work to generate confidence in our system and organization.
For the first Kup Evaluation events, it was necessary to transport the students to
the headquarters in Tijuana, and it was in October 2003 that the First Evaluation Event was
officially carried out in the municipality, with Grand Master Isaías Dueñas Riestra serving
as synodal. , and since then maintaining six annual evaluations for its practitioners.
To date, more than 1,500 practitioners have passed through the ranks of MDK
Rosarito, 12 generations of Black Belts have graduated, and it has stood out at the
Federation level with the participation of students in the Baja California State Selection on
three occasions.
Currently there are 5 fully established Doyangs, classes are taught at the Municipal
Sports Institute, in addition to 6 Private Education Institutes, thus obtaining the recognition
and trust of the residents of this municipality.
4.6 Competition Events at MDK Tijuana-Rosarito

The competition events held in this city were the Internal Spring Tournament and
the Internal Revolution Tournament, it was until June 2006 when the first Regional Summer
Tournament was held with the participation of the states of Sonora, Sinaloa and Baja
California (San Luis Rio Colorado, Mazatlán, Mexicali, Ensenada, Tecate, Tijuana and
Rosarito), resulting in a complete success by offering a pleasant experience for all its
participants, such has been the impact of this event that this year 2016 a record of more
than 700 competitors was reached , being the largest competition event recorded in Baja
California and the second largest in the Northwest Zone after the Regional Tournament
held in Mazatlán.
In this same year, 2006, the First MDK Internal Tournament was held in the
municipality of Playas de Rosarito.
MDK currently carries out 3 annual Taekwondo Referee Seminars, training

hundreds of young people prior to each competition, thus achieving their participation as
support personnel in different work areas in each of its events.
MDK Tijuana has stood out in the last 15 years within the Regional Tournament
held in the city of Mazatlán Sinaloa, thanks to the great team work carried out by Teachers,
Instructors, Students and Parents that make up our organization.
4.7 Black Belt Graduation Ceremony

Year after year, in the month of December, the Traditional Black Ribbon Graduation
Ceremony is held in this city, with the participation of a select group of synod members and
always with the presence of our National Leader, Grand Master Isaías Dueñas Riestra,
44
who currently holds the 9th Dan Black Belt degree.
In this way, generation after generation, in these 34 years of life, our school has
graduated more than 1000 Black Belts, who from their trenches are always attentive to our
activity, giving us their support, since not everyone has had the possibility of continue down
the path of teaching.
4.8 MDK Tijuana-Rosarito Today

To date, MDK Tijuana has 39 Doyangs officially established in Tijuana and
Rosarito, in addition to providing service in multiple public and private education institutions
such as high schools, secondary schools, primary schools, preschools, DIF community
centers, as well as clubs in the private sector. , currently counting on more than 2000 active
practitioners, who we are sure have, in some way, been positively influenced by our
system.
45
Below is the updated list of active Doyangas and their tenured professions
considering their opening date:
DOYANG START DOYANG HOLDER DEGREE

MDK Central Jul-87 GM Jose Martin Lopez Rosales 8th Dan
1 MDK La Mesa Feb-96 MTRO Jose Juan Garcia Mozqueda 6th Dan
2 MDK Independence 12-Jan-01 MTRO Jesus Alberto Labrada Diaz 6th Dan
3 MDK Cucapah 02-Mar-02 MTRO Oscar Navarro Mozqueda 6th Dan
4 MDK Altabrisa 01-Apr-02 MTRA Ana Fernanda Toledo Gonzalez 6th Dan
5 MDK Beaches Jun-02 GM Adauto Hernandez 7th Dan
6 MDK Rosarito 02-July-02 MTRA Rebeca Marquez Orozco 6th Dan
7 MDK Florido 2007 MTRO Angel Garcia Reyes 5th Dan
8 MDK Villafontana 01-July-07 MTRO Angel Pedraza Gonzalez 5th Dan
9 MDK Santa Fe Jul-07 MTRO Apolo Arrizon Gonzalez 5th Dan
10 MDK Rosarito Center 19-Oct-07 PROF Benjamin Torres Duran 1st Dan
11 MDK Del Bosque Apr-08 PROF Fernando Elihonai Saucedo Lares 4th Dan
12 MDK El Lago 19-Dec-08 MTRO Ramon Antonio Castro Garcia 5th Dan
13 MDK The Refuge Jun-09 MTRO Apolo Arrizon Gonzalez 5th Dan
14 MDK El Dorado Aug-09 MTRO Nathaniel Espinoza Belmonte 5th Dan
15 MDK Otay Jun-11 PROF Fernando Elihonai Saucedo Lares 4th Dan
16 MDK Rosarito II 03-Nov-11 PROF Kevin Cardenas 3rd Dan
17 MDK Loma Dorada 01-May-12 PROF Manuel Ochoa Villegas 4th Dan
18 MDK Santa Anita Jun-12 PROF Ruben Ayala Ramirez 1st Dan
19 MDK Flamingos 26-Mar-13 PROF Fernando Zavala Garcia 3rd Dan
20 MDK Insurgentes 08-May-13 PROF Jose Antonio Salazar Morin 3rd Dan
21 MDK Worker 11-Oct-13 PROF Diana Beatriz Reyes Santiago 3rd Dan
22 MDK Rosarito-Florido 24-Jan-14 PROF Daniel Oliver Arcos Ibarra 2nd Dan
23 MDK Cantamar 17-Feb-14 PROF Miguel Angel Nuño Gilber 2nd Dan
24 MDK Real de S. Francisco Oct-14 PROF Luis Rodolfo Tovar Ramos 4th Dan
25 MDK Villa del Sol Jun-15 PROF Jose Uriel Rivera Lopez 3rd Dan
26 MDK La Mesa Gardens 7-19-15 PROF Jenytza Lopez 3rd Dan
27 MDK Ejido Matamoros 17-Oct-15 PROF Juan Francisco Plascencia 4th Dan
28 MDK Altiplano Mar-16 PROF Salvador Sanchez 2nd Dan
29 MDK Americas Apr 23, 16 PROF Magda Julieta Lopez Salmon 4th Dan
30 MDK Aguaje de la Tuna 01-July-16 PROF Diana Beatriz Reyes Santiago 3rd Dan
31 MDK Casablanca 15-May-17 PROF Jose Eduardo Ochoa 4th Dan
32 MDK Lomas del Porvenir 22-May-17 PROF Anton Sanchez Ruiz 3rd Dan
33 MDK Terrazas del Rubi 30-Apr-18 PROF Blanca Camelia Castelo Partida 4th Dan
34 MDK Loma Bonita 4-Jul-18 PROF Mario Alberto Olivo Chavez 2nd Dan
35 MDK Buenos Aires 3-Nov-18 PROF Luis Leonardo Leonor Duran 2nd Dan
46
36 MDK Mirador 1-Aug-19 PROF Alan Fabian Sanchez Ruiz 1st Dan
37 MDK Ribera del Bosque 31-Aug-19 PROF Luis Gerardo Segura 1st Dan
38 MDK Villa Floresta 2-Nov-19 PROF Iris Angelica Luna Sotelo 4th Dan
39 MDK Zacapu 1-Aug-20 PROF Alfonso Cruz Rico 1st Dan
Currently there is a board of directors made up of the teachers mentioned below:
Teacher:
• José Martin López Rosales, Director. General MDK TijuanaRosarito, CN 8th Dan
• Adauto Hernández, CN 7th Dan, Director MDK Playas
• José Juan García Mosqueda, CN 6th Dan, Director MDK La Mesa
• Jesús Alberto Labrada Díaz, CN 6th Dan, Director MDK Independence
• Oscar Navarro Mozqueda, CN 6th Dan, Director MDK Cucapah
• Ana Fernanda Toledo González, CN 6th Dan, Director MDK Altabrisa
• Rebeca Márquez Orozco, CN 6th Dan, Director MDK Rosarito
• Apolo Arrizon González, CN 5th Dan, Director MDK Santa Fe, El Refugio
Both the board of directors of AMMDK Tijuana-Rosarito, as well as the rest of its
members, have a common space in the Central Office, located in Centro Comercial Otay,
Local C19 in Tijuana, Baja California.
4.9 Mission and Vision of Our Organization

Mission
Contribute to the improvement of society by training physically healthy children, young
people and adults, with universal values such as Respect, Honesty and Discipline.
Vision
To be a leading Organization in the teaching of Martial Arts and the training of human
beings based on universal principles and values.
47
5. BASIC CONCEPTS FOR PRACTICE IN

MOO DUK KWAN
To practice Tae Kwon Do, it is necessary to know certain basic concepts, which are
eight in total and are described below:
5.1 Whe Gong

In this first part, three of the eight basic concepts that deal with the external part of
the being are grouped, covering aspects related to self-control. Below are the concepts of
WEH GONG:
HIM CHO CHUNG : This point deals with the control of strength, which is considered a
fundamental aspect for anyone who practices a martial art.
SHIM CHOOK : this point refers to the tension and relaxation that every practitioner
must have regarding each movement performed and in the practice of the
technique.
WAN GUP : this point deals with speed control, which must be reflected in the
execution of kicking, punches, blocks, etc.; in general, any movement performed.
5.2 Neh Gong

In this second part, the remaining five basic concepts are grouped, which deal with
the internal part of the being, covering aspects related to self-discipline. Below are the
concepts of WEH GONG:
YONG GI : this concept refers to the courage and spirit with which it is practiced.
CHUNG SHIN TONG IL : concept that refers to the concentration that must be had at
any time, whether when practicing our art or in any other daily situation.
IN NEH : this concept refers to the perseverance that we must have to achieve all our
purposes.
CHUNG JIM : concept referring to honesty in everything we do and being honest with
ourselves and others.
KIUM SON: this point refers to humility.
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5.3 Shim Gong

This third part, in itself, represents the whole, the unity, the perfect balance, the tao.
It consists of the union of the internal characteristics of Neh Gong and the external
characteristics of Weh Gong.
49
6. MEANING OF OUR EMBLEM
2
3
1
4
8
5
7
6.1 Main Elements

1. MOO DUK KWAN
It means Institute of Martial Virtue.
2. OLIVE LEAVES
The 14 olive leaves located on each side represent the 14 provinces of Korea and
peace.
3. STRAWBERRIES
3 STRAWBERRIES . They represent the “Three Thousand Li”, the distance from
the northern part to the southern part of the “land of the quiet morning” and its
triumph.
6 STRAWBERRIES. The 6 strawberries in total represent the 6 continents in the
world and the fruit resulting from training.
4. THE GOLDEN FIST
Fight for justice, honor and the strength of unity.
5. THE PARCHMENT
It represents knowledge, also the three great oceans and the black belts of the
world.
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6.2 Characters
6. DUK
Chinese character that means “Virtue”.
7. KWAN
Chinese character that means “Institute or School”.
8. MOO
This Chinese character, meaning military, martial or militia, represents that the
central purpose of Tae Kwon Do is to stop fighting between people and even resolve
conflicts by themselves.
6.3 Colors
YELLOW
It means Honor and Victory.
GREEN
It means Hope.
BLUE
It comes from Um (Yin) and is wisdom and the Black Belts of the World.
RED
It comes from Yang and is Maturity.
WHITE
It means Purity.
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TAEKWONDO
Development and Philosophy
52
1. WHAT IS TAE KWON DO
1.1 Definition
Tae Kwon Do is a Korean Martial Art known
throughout the world for its spectacular kicks and fast
combat. The name Tae Kwon Do comes from Korean terms
Tae (foot), Kwon (hand) and Do (way). The essence of Tae
Kwon Do is discipline in body, mind and spirit.
The practice of Taekwondo has no age or sex limits

since this martial art can be practiced by both children and
adults of both sexes.
This martial art is not about using brute force but

about other concepts such as: speed, relaxation, force control, focus, balance and
precision, to acquire the maximum potential as Tae Kwon Do practitioners, physical work
is also important and must be constant.
Tae Kwon Do is, above all, a mental, physical and

spiritual discipline. The physical manifestations in the form of wha
attacks and breaking of objects are no longer the visible part. It t
is true that physical manifestations are extremely important, but the
not as an end in themselves; These only give one piece of y
information, a calculation of progress in tangible physical
terms.
The attack aspects of Tae Kwon Do come from the
concentration of all forces at the point of contact, such as
concentration must be
developed by the practitioner, who must possess certain
mental, physical and spiritual resources.
1. The physical part
With reference to the physical part, Tae Kwon Do is not just a matter of brute
force, but requires strength, speed, relaxation, focus, balance and precision. Hard
physical work is necessary to achieve the required potential of these elements.
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2. The mental part
Regarding the mental part, concentration is the key in Tae Kwon Do; The
immersion in the matter must be absolute, all the senses must concentrate on what is
being done. For example, in free combat, actions and reactions are so fast that there is
no time for digressions; Therefore, the reaction to an attack must take place instantly, like
a reflex. The total concentration facilitates the transition from action to reaction.
3. The spiritual part
The third aspect of Tae Kwon Do, the spiritual, is the most difficult to explain
because it is the least tangible. Despite this, it is the primary aspect, since without it, the
student cannot exploit his or her internal resources to become truly effective.
Tae Kwon Do is the sum of discipline and physical, mental and spiritual mastery;
Therefore, it must be well balanced without one of the factors predominating excessively
over the others.
1.2 Fundamentals of Tae Kwon Do

There are certain fundamental elements on which Tae Kwon Do moves.
1. Concentration
The practitioner needs to concentrate all the strength of the body, mind and spirit
at the point of contact of the instrument with which he attacks or the block of the
opponent's attack. The student directs his training to the development of all parts of his
body, in order for them to act together, concentrating all physical force at the point of
contact and at the moment of contact. Apart from the concentration of mental energy in
the attack, there is another aspect of mind control.
This must be completely empty, which means that the student must have his mind
focused on what he is doing, and blank for everything else. You shouldn't think about
anything at all. In this situation as soon as an external impulse happens, that impulse
must be reflected in the mind of the student. The result between expert and novice
students is that the response to an attack begins almost at the same time as the attack.
Every being must focus on what is done, so that an entirely free flow of action and
54
reaction occurs.
55
2. Physical appearance
Regarding the physical aspect, strength is made up of three components: strength

itself, speed and relaxation.
Force
Strength is a function of the size and tone of a person's muscles. Muscles can be
improved if they are made to work. Taekwondoin muscles are special, and are formed
through particular exercises and techniques, since each part of the body is developed for
a specific purpose.
Speed
The help of strength is speed. This is essential to

successfully develop Tae Kwon Do. According to
physics, force is proportional to mass and acceleration.
This means that the impact of a blow is proportional to
the weight of the foot or fist, and the acceleration with
which said limb moves. The same goes for blocking an
attack.
Furthermore, the most important aspect of speed is the blow that reaches its
target before it can be countered, it is the only effective one. The quick block to defend
the blow before it reaches its target is the only truly effective one.
Relaxation
The third element of physical power is relaxation, which is actually a precondition

and not an active component. However, relaxation is vital. And neither speed nor strength
will have any effectiveness if the student does not know how to relax.
You have to be constantly relaxed. Not being relaxed has two negative aspects.
First, fatigue, if the student is constantly tense and contracted, is wasting energy in vain.
The second negative aspect refers to speed, if a movement begins with the muscles in
tension, it is so slow that a loss of time occurs. And we can even add that if the body is
totally relaxed, the mind also relaxes and is ready to react.
It is not easy to develop the discipline of relaxation, requiring great self-control to

relax, which is obtained only as one progresses in the study of this art.
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3. The breathing
One of the difficulties of breathing is that we do not think about it, consequently,
about a sixth of our total lung capacity is used in normal breathing, and the rest of the
lungs are full of stagnant, dirty, malignant air. , corrupted.
The practitioner must learn to breathe, to ventilate his lungs with extremely deep
breathing exercises. The force of exhalation comes from the lower part of the abdomen
(DanTian). Deep breathing increases the lung capacity of the rib cage, strengthening the
hypogastrium, the power center of Tae Kwon Do.
4. The equilibrium
As you progress through the exercises and basic forms, balance develops, so
that all exercises begin and end in a balanced posture.
5. Sportsmanship and good manners
Sportsmanship is essential for Tae Kwon Do. Good manners are inseparable
companions of sportsmanship. The student must show education, respect and humility
in front of his classmates, the teacher and all those with whom he is in contact.
6. Hard work
Students who think that there is a way to avoid intense work as well as school
are unfortunately wasting their time. There is no way around hard work and nothing can
replace it. You reap what you sow.
7. Self Defense
Self-defense is a tool that we can use to defend

ourselves against possible physical attacks on ourselves, which
are very common in the environment in which we develop;
However, it is a very limited and risky aspect, since we live in a
world surrounded by violence, when a person decides to attack
us it is because they are prepared to do so, which limits us to a
certain extent. But the personal defense that we can apply in our
lives is defense against ourselves, applying perseverance and
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discipline.
1. 3 Conclusion
Tae Kwon Do is a discipline that we must apply in our daily life not only in Doyang,
but also in any aspect of daily life; this, in order to develop a winning and positive attitude
every day of our lives.
Tae Kwon Do is more than a sport or a personal defense system, it is also a way of
life and we must learn to control ourselves and live in harmony with everyone and with
nature, which will lead us to reach the maximum. committed in life, be happy.
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2. TAE KWON DO IN KOREA
2.1 Introduction
The survival instinct is fundamental for all living beings without exception, no matter
how small or insignificant they are. They have been equipped with some defense
mechanism to protect themselves from the hostile forces of their environment. Some
animals change color to go unnoticed by their predators. , some remain motionless and
pretend to be dead, for example: birds take flight when they sense danger, others have
powers superior to those of others, speed, strength, sharper eyesight, etc.
Although man does not have the speed of the gazelle, the sight of the eagle, or the
strength of the tiger, he does have a more developed brain that allows him to use each of
his faculties with maximum efficiency, which has allowed him to design in based on their
observation and experience, highly effective self-defense systems; These systems have
been elevated to the level of scientific and philosophical arts based on the study of the
nature of man.
To truly understand the philosophy of martial arts it is necessary to have at least a

basic knowledge of its historical development. Man has always known some form of self-
defense, martial arts in the form as they are currently known, with their spiritual and
philosophical connotations, had their origin in the East. Martial arts may have begun in India
2000 years before Christ, according to legends they spread throughout the East thanks to
the teachings of Buddhist monks who devised a personal defense system to protect
themselves during their travels against wild animals and marauders.
His followers worked with these

exercises, abstract forms of open-hand combat
from the Indian system, until they became the
best fighters in China; They called their fighting
system “kwon bop” which is said to have been
later spread by Buddhist monks in Korea, Japan
and Okinawa. This is the primary system from
which all forms of open hand combat were
derived, however, in Korea there is a wall in the
Kyongju Tower that is more than 2000 years old,
where the shapes of two giants are engraved in
front of it. front in Tae Kwon Do position;
Something similar can also be seen on a wall in
the Koguryo tombs. In Korea there are wall
paintings of men performing the same
techniques. The construction of these tombs Figures in Fighting Positions
date back to the period between 3 and 427 AD, which indicates that Tae Kwon Do was
practiced in Korea long before Chinese forms of fighting were introduced.
There is no detailed history that indicates when karate began in Japan. There are
59
indications that the Japanese fighting style was derived from Okinawa Te, the original style
of Okinawa, but evidence shows that there was a trade relationship between Korea and
Okinawa and that Korean games and customs may well have been transmitted to Okinawa.
through the sent travelers.
2.2 . History of Korean Martial Art

The origin of martial arts is associated with man's ancestral need not only to defend
himself, but to develop his body and mind. Initially this need was translated into the form of
"sports activities" generally related to the performance of religious rites.
Man has by nature the instinct to preserve both his own life and that of those around
him, which is why since ancient times he has seen the need to develop physical activities
that help him achieve this goal.
We must remember that in those times, Man only had his bare hands and his body
to defend himself, so he gradually developed techniques that did not require more
resources than he had at his disposal.
Back then, people learned and practiced their combat techniques, fighting with
animals, whose offensive and defensive movements were the object of analysis. This is
believed to be the true origin of modern Tae Kwon Do, whose name comes from the words
"Soobahk" and "Tae Kyon." Even after Man began to develop his rudimentary weapons to
defend himself against others, he continued to enjoy his "Hand to Hand" combat
techniques, which also served to strengthen his bodies and demonstrate his superiority
against his peers and enemies.
The Korean martial art has its origins 1400 years before Christ and 729 before
Taishi Daruma (Bodydarma) although with the advances of modern technology it has been
discovered that drawings and statuettes found with the shapes of warriors in combat
positions date back to antiquity. from 2333 BC At that time what we know today as Korea
bore the name Choson, which meant "the land of the tranquil dawn" or "The land of the
Morning Calm." These data are consistent with the ancient Korean legend that indicates
that in 2333 BC, King Tan Gun, a mythical character, born from the son of heaven and a
woman belonging to a tribe, whose totemic symbol was the bear, created the kingdom of
Choson, as well as its mountains and rivers, where the Yalu River stands out, which is now
the Naktong River.
Although researchers disagree about the historical veracity of the Tan-Gun myth, we
know for sure that ancient Korea was characterized by the existence of Clan communities
that united to form small cities/states, which appeared and disappeared over time. time.
60
Since the first settlers of the Korean

Peninsula, Martial Arts contests between warriors
were enjoyed during their Rituals.
Later, during the first century BC, three

kingdoms appeared on the Korean Peninsula and part
of what is known today as Manchuria, which always
lived in rivalry. These were Koguryo, Shil-la and
Paekche.
Koguryo (37 BC – 668 AD)

Paekche (18 BC - 600 AD)
Shil-la (57 BC – 936 AD)
2.2.1 The Sonabaes and the Tae Kyon of

Koguryo
Koguryo was founded in 37 BC in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, next to
the Yalu River, surrounded by the Chinese "Han" tribes who were very hostile, which is why
they had to look for a form of protection and defense, thus developing a group of warriors
called “Sonabaes”, who were young and very strong.
On March 10 of each year, rituals were held as a competition in which dances with
weapons, archery and "Hand to Hand" combats called Soo Bahk could be seen.
Then the word "Bahk" arises as recorded in the Moo Yei Do Bo Tong Ji, which is
one of the oldest records of Korean Martial Arts; Soo Bahk Do (bare hand and foot combat)
is the only Korean Martial Art that dates back to the Koguryo Dynasty, approximately 2,000
years old, making it the oldest Martial Art in Korea.
It is also said that the Sonabaes lived in groups learning History and Literature in
their homes, and went out to build roads and fortresses to protect themselves from
aggressors, but always at the service of their Society and loyal to their Nation. It was
common for the people of Koguryo to have
particular interest in Tae Kyon, which are the
bases of Martial Arts, leaving evidence of this in
the wall paintings of their tombs. As an example
we have the painting from the Tomb of Samsil,
which shows two warriors facing each other hand
to hand using Tae Kyon (TaeKwon Do).
Primitive forms of Tae Kwon Do; product

of the incorporation of slow defense and attack
movements, imitated from animals; They were
found in different manifestations in the Korean Koguryo dynasty, such as the wall paintings
found in the ruins of the Muyon-chong and Kakchu-chong royal tombs that show scenes of
the ancestor's practice of Tae Kwon Do.
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Given the age of the tombs, it can be inferred that the population of Koguryo began
the practice of Tae Kyon during the period between 3 AD and 427 AD, which tells us that
before Kung Fu was developed at the Shaolin temple in Tungpung, province of Honan, in
China (500) and before it penetrated into Korea, there were already notions on the
peninsula about martial forms such as fighting styles or war dances.
But we also have to keep in mind that murals that depict events of dances or
confrontations between warriors are common in many towns and are present in many
places, such as in the Indian mural paintings from about 5,000 years ago, in the Cueva de
la Cueva. Old in Spain from 10,000 to 5,000 BC, in Egypt from 4000 BC, in Mesopotamia
3000 BC, in Crete 2000 BC etc Therefore we should not interpret this fact as proof that
current Tae Kwon Do was already practiced at this time, although we can say that current
Tae Kwon Do is the result of the evolution of Martial Arts throughout the East. and that has
managed to develop in a very specific and unique way by uniting with the culture and
traditions of the ancient Korean Martial Arts.
It is believed that a few years after Bodhiharma's establishment in Shaolin, a style of

Chinese Hand and foot combat called Kwon Bop (which had its origins in Shaolin Kung-fu)
penetrated the Korean Peninsula. During the Sung and Ming Dynasty, nei-chia (internal
method of Kung fu) and wai-chia (external method) are also believed to have penetrated
Korea.
In the year 633, Koguryo, an ally of China, and Sil-la proceeded to divide up the
third kingdom, that of PaekChe or Kudara, which had Japanese protection. In the year 688
Koguryo was annexed to China. At this time, the combat technique in use was a
combination of "taiken" or "Tae Kyon" with "chuan-fa". This merger brought a new very
popular empty-hand combat system.
2.2.2 Sil-La's Hwarangdo and Tae Kyon
The kingdom of SIL-LA was founded in the year 57 AD, in the southeastern part of
the Korean Peninsula apparently without any immediate threat from outside, but with the
birth of the Kingdom of Paekje on its western side and the arrival of invaders from Koguryo
in the North, arming its inhabitants was implemented, thus developing their own Martial Art.
In fact, the "Hwarangdo" is the typical example of this and has its origins in the Sonabae
system of Koguryo.
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In its beginnings, the

Korean Martial Art (Mu-Sul / Moo
Sool) was called So Back-do,
which means "the art of hitting with
the fist and slapping" and was
used as a religious ritual to satisfy
the gods in which they believed.
the Koreans. in turn during the
same time a group of young
aristocrats called wharang
HE
dedicated to the practices of So
Back-do in order to preserve and
care for nature, King Chin Seung,
who was the twenty-fourth King Hwarang Warriors
and sovereign of Shil-la, asked
Wharang for his collaboration to help him in the preservation of the province, so they
established them as the great army of Shil-la, where their fundamental principles were:
Respect for the nation.

Respect and obedience to parents.
Honor to friends.
Justice and omission of unnecessary violence.
Worth.
The antecedents of this code of ethics are even found in the oldest document in
Korean history, the Samguk Yusa, and its influence was decisive in the history and
unification of the Korean empires as well as in the foundations of current Tae Kwon Do.
The chronicle of the ancient Chosun describes the life of the

Hwarangs, members of the Hwa Rang Do, narrating how they were
selected by the Kingdom through combats among the best warriors,
after which, they lived together, thus learning more about each
other. others, practicing Soo Bahk which was the ancient form of
Tae Kwon Do, as well as Korean Wrestling called Ssirum.
The Hwa Rang Do was an elite group of young nobles,

dedicated to cultivating mind and body to serve the kingdom of Shil-
la. This group had a code of honor and practiced various forms of
martial arts, including Taekyon and Soo Bakh Do. This code of
honor is the philosophical basis of modern Tae Kwon Do.
It is extremely important to note that at the time

From Shil-la, the terms "Soo Bahk" (Foot Techniques) and "Taekyon" (Hand Techniques)
appear together, meaning that both Techniques (Hands and Feet) were used
63
at the same time, as we can see in Modern Korean Martial Art in general.
The Hwarangs were particularly influenced by Buddhist disciplines, as can be seen
in the statue of the Kumgang warrior found in the Sokkuram cave. For this same reason,
Martial Arts were practiced in temples.
In Kyongju, the capital of the Shil-la dynasty, impressive Buddhist images were
found on the walls of the Sokkuram cave at the Pulkuk-sa Temple. In these images you can
see two "Diamond Warriors" practicing Tae Kwon Do, protecting Buddhism from demons.
2.2..3 Period of unification of the 3 kingdoms, the Koryo dynasty and the Yi
dynasty
Shil-la was famous for the Hwarang, a social,

educational and military organization based on a code of
honor and it is thanks to this group of young people that it
was finally achieved in the year 668 AD the unification of
the three provinces and thus take the name of Koryo from
which comes the current name of Korea and in turn a new
dynasty, the Koryo dynasty (918 AD - 1392 AD),
After the latest events, a period of peace and

he HwaRang which was a
military organization HE converted in a cluster
specialist in music and poetry.
Since 668 AD Shil-la unified the peninsula, Korea has been governed by a single
government, maintaining its political independence and cultural and ethnic identity despite
frequent foreign invasions. Both the Koryo kingdom (918 AD - 1392 AD) like that of Choson
(1392 AD - 1910 AD), they consolidated their dynastic power and radiated a flourishing
culture, while repelling Khitan, Manchu Mongol and Japanese invaders.
During the Koryo dynasty period, the sport of Soo

Bakh Do became very popular. At that time this sport was
used as a military training method. During the Yi Dynasty
period (1392 AD – 1910 AD), the emphasis on military
training disappeared. King Taejo, founder of the Yi
dynasty, replaced Buddhism with Confucianism, adopting
it as his religion. According to confusionism, the highest
class had to read poetry and play music, which is why
martial arts were considered something typical of
common or inferior people.
At the end of the 19th century, Korea became the

object of intense rivalry between various Imperialist
Nations such as China, Russia and Japan. For many
years Korea was attacked by the Chinese, Khitan,
Mongols and Japanese; Therefore, what was known as So Back-do underwent changes
and transformations, in each attack it suffered the influence of each attacker, for example:
when Korea was invaded by the Chinese, So Back-do suffered the influence of Kung-do.
Fu, and changed its name to Tang Soo-Do, likewise when the Japanese invaded Korea, the
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Korean Martial Art stopped being called Tang Soo-Do and then adopted the name Tae
Kyon, in the same way the combat techniques were influenced.
The Korean martial art prospered in Korea for 457 years from the unification until
the beginning of the YI dynasty, in which due to the cultural flowering of Korea in what they
call "the golden age of Korea" all military tendencies disappeared. , as a result of its pacifist
ideology that came from Buddhist influence, thus stopping the growth of So Back-do, which
was clearly anti-Buddhist, but the Korean Martial Art did not disappear, since it was
practiced by families that preserved the traditions and passed it down from generation to
generation. in generation.
In 1894 AD During the Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese invade Korea and change
the name of the Korean Martial Art to Tang Soo-do which means "the art of the Chinese
hand." Likewise, the Chinese martial arts, which were highly influenced by Confucianism
and Buddhism, influenced Korean Martial Art, which gave it as a basic characteristic the
smoothness of the movements in the execution of the techniques but concentrating the
force in a single point.
2.2.4 First half of the 20th century
In 1910, just 16 years after the Chinese invasion, Japan annexed Korea, turning it
into a colony and ending the YI dynasty of Choson and, with it, Traditional Korea. Tang
Soo-do suffers a new influence, changing its name to Tae Kyon which means "iron kick".
This invasion lasted for 35 years, with the Japanese managing to impose their governors on
Korean lands who were later murdered by the Korean people in search of their freedom.
During the occupation of Korea, the Japanese tried to eliminate everything that was
part of Korean culture, including the arts. The Japanese, to prevent the Koreans from
defending themselves, prohibited the practice and teaching of Korean Martial Art, so it was
practiced in secret in order not to be sanctioned by the Japanese leaders. It is until 1945
AD, after the end of the Second World War. That different characters in Korean society
begin to try to recover the Korean Martial Art, each with the influence they brought from
other lands or from the practice of other martial arts.
It is from here that characters such as General Choi Hong Hi arise, who is
considered the founder of Tae Kwon-Do, or Grandmaster Hwang Kee, founder of Tang Soo
Do, or Grandmaster Suh In Hyuk, founder of Kuk Sool Won, or Master Ji Han Jae, founder
of Hapkido and student of Choi Yong Sul at his Hapki Kwan school.
Founder School / Recognition

Grandmaster Ji Han Jae Founder of Hapkido
President of the World Federation of
Hapkido
Grandmaster Suh In Hyuk
Founder of Kuk Sool Won President of Kuk
Sool Won
65
Grandmaster Choi Hong Hi Founder of Tae Kwon-Do

President of the International Federation of
Taekwondo
Grandmaster Hwang Kee
Founder of Tang Soo-Do
President of the World Tang Federation
Soo Do
2.3 Emergence of Tae Kwon Do
Etymologically the word Tae Kwon-Do means:
Tae = Kick.
Kwon = Fist.
Do = Way.
Tae Kwon-Do, a combat martial art with hands and feet, has its origins, like all
Korean Martial Arts, in Soo Back-Do.
After the end of the Second World War in 1945, Korea is liberated from the
Japanese yoke, so a group of Koreans who return to Korea from exile and commanded by
General Choi Hong Hi decide to recover the Korean Martial Art and it is influenced by the
techniques of other martial arts that each master brought from other lands.
The name Taekwondo is little more than 40 years old, one of the important
characteristics of Tae Kwon-Do is the high degree of use of leg techniques, which makes it
effective and powerful for the development of any combatant.
2.3.1 First stage: beginning of the 20th century
During the occupation of Korea, the Japanese tried to eliminate everything that was
part of Korean culture, including martial arts. The way Japan influenced taekwondo can be
seen in the rapid movements performed in a straight line, which are characteristic of
Japanese systems.
After the Korean occupation by Japan, the Japanese educational system was
imposed in Korean schools and sports forms such as Judo and Kendo were taught.
In 1909 Japan banned the practice of martial arts in Korea, where there were two
very popular forms of fighting, the Ssirum, a traditional Korean fight similar to the Canarian
fight, with which in recent times some friendly confrontations have been carried out, and the
Tae Kyon, which was completely banned during the occupation, so the old Soo Bahk, and
the older Tae Kyon, is practiced in secret by a very small group of sympathizers.
Choi, who would be the first president of the Korean Taekwondo Association,
studied calligraphy with Han Il Dong around 1930, and he introduced him to the knowledge
66
of Tae Kyon. Another student of the forbidden arts was Hwang Kee, the future founder of
Tang Soo Do. Kee knows Tae Kyon and Soo Bak. In 1936, at the age of 22, he made a trip
to Northern China where he studied the T'ang school method, and worked until 1945 on the
combination of both styles.
Hong Hi Choi, was sent to Kyoto in 1937 to further his education, where he met Mr.
Kim, a Korean Master from whom he learned Shotocan Karate for two years, until he
obtained his first Dan, then he went to the University of Tokyo where will get the second
Dan.
In 1943 Japan lifted the ban and Kung fu, Judo and Karate enjoyed great popularity
among Koreans, this led to a great development of knowledge of Karate, especially
Shotokan, since many Koreans were residing in Japan especially. those of the upper class,
who could receive a more select education, this meant that when Korea regained its
independence, Japanese martial arts were very popular while Korean martial arts were only
known by a minority, and considered of inferior category.
After the Second World War, in 1945 and after the liberation of the country by the
allies, Korean masters were quick to revive their ancient combat techniques (with their
emphasis on standing techniques). The main promoters of Taekyun were the deceased
Taekyun Masters, Kim Hong Sik and Song Dok Ki, of whom filmed documents are
preserved, and passing on their knowledge to their disciple Shin Han Song. According to
Kim Hong Sik, during the Yi Dynasty, the three main Taekyon schools were formed in
Seoul, called Song Bak Taekyon (Style of the outskirts of Seoul), Chongro Taekyon (Seoul
neighborhood), Kurigae Taekyon (Today's Euljiro neighborhood).
These started with the great influence that the linear techniques of Japanese Karate
had had to a greater extent on the circular techniques of Chinese Kung fu that
predominated in the original styles, this marked a new stage in the evolution and
development of martial arts in Korea.
These teachers give particular names to each of the schools that emerged at that
time in South Korea, such as Bang Soo Do, Kong soo Do, (Empty Hand) Kwon Bop, Tae
Soo Do (the form of foot and hand) and Tang Soo Do (T'ang's school), there are also others
such as "tae-kyon","tang-su","kong-su","kwon-pop,
"Soo-bak do", etc.
Several schools quickly opened in Seoul. The first to open is the Chung Do Kwang
school (Chong Hace Kwan "Blue Wave Gym") This school, which was founded by Won
Kook Lee in 1945, evolved into tang soo do. Its founder Won Kook Lee studied Shotokan
Karate. Its shapes are practically the same as those of this style, with wider postures. After
the War Gong designed a new style for the military based on the ancient Korean art Tae
Kyun.
The Moo Duk Kwan school was founded that same year by Hwang Kee, who taught
an art called Tang Soo Do (School of the Chinese Hand).
The third school was Yun Muge Kwan, founded by Yon Kue Pyang.
On September 1, 1946, the Taekyon style was created, Chang Moo Kwan, founded
by Byung In Yoon, established his school at the Seoul Agricultural Institute. Master Byung
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was raised in Manchuria where he had been instructed in the "Chuan Fa", then he was sent
to the University of Tokyo, where he met the founder of Shudokan Karate, Master Kaken
Toyama, who awarded him the 4th Dan. The Master disappears in the Korean War and
after the end of this War, Nan Suk Lee is appointed president in 1953.
The Korean Judo Association was formed in 1945 and in 1946, Tae Kyon (as some
called the new styles of Korean Karate) began to be taught to the troops in Kwang Ju.
In 1947, Hong Hi Choi is a lieutenant in the Korean Army, in 1948, he becomes a

martial arts instructor at the American Military Police School in Seoul and in 1949, Colonel
Choi visits the Kansas General School, where he gives a demonstration of the Korean
Karate. (Tae Kyon)
With the beginning of the War between the two Koreas in 1950, Korean martial arts
attracted attention. In 1952, President Syngman Rhee witnessed a demonstration by
Korean masters, and it was decided that Tae Kyon would begin to be taught to all military
forces. .
After the War three more schools appeared. In 1953-54 Gae Byang Yung founded Ji
Do Kwan, Byung Chik Ro founded Song Moo Kwan, and Hong Hi Choi founded Oh Do
Kwan (My Method Gym) with the help of Tae Hi Nam.
The first step towards the unification of the different schools of Korean Martial Arts
was taken on April 11, 1955. Most of the styles were associated to create a single name
that identified all those schools that were known in the West as Korean Karate. The first
name chosen for these was Tae Soo Do, (the art of the Chinese hand), although it was
changed in 1957 to Taekwon-Do, a name more similar to the old Tae Kyon. But the term
Karate, although of Japanese origin, was very generalized and was more familiar to
Westerners, even to many Koreans, so Taekwondo would continue to be known as another
style of Karate for many years.
In 1959, Choi toured the Far Eastern countries with nineteen black belts. That same
year Choi presented the first authorized work on Taekwondo.
Until 1960, Taekwondo was very similar to Shotokan Karate, with very little influence
from Tae Kyon. This fact meant that when Taekwondo was introduced to the West, little
distinction was noted with other Karate schools; in fact, in many countries, they included it
within their Karate federations or associations, and it was popularly known as Korean
Karate.
On September 14, 1961, the Korean Taekwondo Association (KTA) was founded,
electing Hong Hi Choi as President, but the Chi Do Kwan association decided to separate
from this line, as well as the Chung Do Kwan. Korea's largest gym, Moo Duk Kwan, also
remained separate with its Soo Bahk Do Association, a major rival to the KTA.
The Korean Government takes sides in this dispute, when in 1962 it recognizes all
black belts certified by the KTA, this causes many martial artists from other associations to
join the KTA.
Taekwondo, after the support of the Korean Government, begins its rapid global
expansion with the help of the KTA.
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In 1962, Tae Hi Nam and three more instructors were sent from Oh Do Kwan to
South Vietnam to instruct Vietnamese troops for a year. In 1962 the Korean Taekwondo
Union was recognized by the Amateur Sports Association. In 1962 63 Taekwondo enters
Thailand, Malaysia and Hong Kong. On October 9, 1963, Taekwondo was an Official event
for the first time at the 44th "National Athletic Meet" in Korea. In 1963, Choi toured the US
and in 1964 Chong Lee introduced Taekwondo to Canada. In 1965, Choi toured to
introduce Taekwondo to West Germany, Italy, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia
and Singapore. In 1966, Park Jong Soo introduced Taekwondo to the Netherlands. It was
then that the general received the invitation to form the International Taekwondo Federation
(ITF) which would be an international branch of the Korean Taekwondo Association (KTA).
Tang soo do associations switched to new TKD except one the MOO DUK KWAN
(by Hwang Kee) which continued with the name of Tang soo Do, and registered it as an
official association.
At the same time, another movement is developing: Tang-su-do-karate.
In 1966, due to a politically unfortunate Taekwondo demonstration in North Korea,

Choi lost the support of the South Korean Government, and was forced to resign as
president of the KTA.
Choi, with the intention of maintaining control over Taekwondo outside Korea, would
soon found the International Taekwondo Federation (ITF). This fact would not be seen well
by the Korean Government, so Choi would leave Korea and establish himself with his ITF in
Canada, with the intention of resuming the influence it had had on Korean masters around
the world, but the vast majority remained faithful to
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{ay MDK Tijuana-Rosarito
the KTA, an organization that officially represented Taekwondo, and to which the Korean
Government had given its support and approval, allowing it to become the largest and most
important Taekwondo Association in Korea.
At that time, the objective was to make this new sport known, for which Taekwondo
demonstrations were held around the world.
On January 25, 1971, Dr. Un Yong Kim was elected president of the KTA, with the
main TKD training and teaching center called Kukkiwon as its headquarters, in the same
city of Seoul.
It took a long time before considerable real progress was made, but in the process,
with the participation of 30 countries in the "First World Taekwondo Championships" held in
Seoul, Korea in May 1973, the "World Taekwondo Federation" was established ( WTF),
being directed by Dr. Un Yong Kim, who currently has more than 25 years at the head of
this federation.
In 1980, the World Taekwondo Federation was recognized by the International

Olympic Committee (IOC).
2.3.2 Present and Future of Taekwondo
Currently, Tae kwon do is practiced in more than 144 countries, with more than 30
million people estimated to practice this sport. Tae kwon do was an exhibition sport at the
24th Olympics held in Seoul in 1988 and at the 25th Olympic Games held in Barcelona in
1992.
Finally, during the 103rd Session of the International Olympic Committee held in
Paris, France, on September 4, 1994, it was agreed to incorporate Tae Kwon Do as an
official sport in the Olympic Games, held last September in Sydney, Australia. .
2.4 Summary of relevant events in chronological order

1945
• The first Korean Martial Art gym opens its doors, the Chung Do Kwan school, also
known as "the gym of the blue wave", founded by Won Kook Lee in the Yong
Chun neighborhood.
• The Moo Duk Kwan school was founded by Master Hwang Kee who at that time
used the name Tang Soo Do for the Korean Martial Art.
• The third school is founded, by Master Sup Chun San, which was named after
Yun Moo Kwan.
1946
• In the facilities of the YMCA organization, under the tutelage of Master Yun
Pyung, the Chang Moo Kwan school was founded.
• Master Yon Kue Pyang founded the Ji Do Kwan school.
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• The first Ji Do Kwan gym is inaugurated, at the Yun Moo Kwon gym in Seoul.
1953
• The martial art taught by General Choi was established by the Korean army as
regulations for the training of soldiers. General Choi founded the Oh Do Kwan
school (The Way of my School).
1954
• Master Gae Byang Yun founded the Ji Do Kwan school.
• The Song Moo Kwan school was founded by Master Byung Chik Ro.
1955
• On April 11, the first step is taken in the unification of Korean Martial Arts, at a
Masters conference it is decided to use the name Tae Soo-Do.
• After the meeting of several teachers, the name Tae Kwon-Do was
institutionalized (Tae = Kick, Kwon = Fist, Do = Way) which is understood as "the
way of kicking and hitting."
1961
• On September 14, the Korean Tae Kwon-Do Association (Korean Tae Kwon-Do
Associaton - KTA) is founded. Chaired by General Choi Hong Hi.
• Sihak Henry Cho opens the doors of what is believed to be the first commercial
"Korean Karate" gym in the United States. Located on 27th Street in New York
City, it enjoyed the presence of more than 368 students. It later opened a larger
gym on 23rd Street in Manhattan.
1963
• Tae Kwon-Do enters Thailand, Malaysia and Hong Kong.
1964
• Tae Kwon-Do is introduced in Canada by Master Chong Lee.
1965
• Master Choi Hong Hi is on an international tour presenting Tae Kwon-Do in
countries such as Germany, Italy, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia and
Singapore.
1966
• Master Choi Hong Hi demonstrates Tae Kwon-Do techniques in North Korea
(Communist Korea), which brought him many problems in the eyes of the South
Korean people, which is why he was removed from his position in the Korean Tae
Kwon Association. Do (KTA), thus founding the International Tae Kwon-Do
Federation (ITF).
• On March 22, the International Tae Kwon Do Federation (ITF) was founded,
chaired by General Choi and made up of representative associations from the
countries of Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, West Germany, the United States of
America and the United States. North America, Turkey, Italy, Arabia, Republic of
Egypt and Korea.
• Master Choi Hong Hi Moves ITF Headquarters to Canada.
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1971
• Dr. Un Yong Kim was elected president of the KTA.
1972
• Tae Kwon-Do had been exported to fifty nations.
1973
• On May 28, the Korean Tae Kwon-Do Association (KTA) was renamed the World
Tae Kwon-Do Federation (WTF) and Master Young-Wun Kim became its
president.
• The first World Tae Kwon-Do Championships were held in Seoul, Korea.
1977
• On November 26, the US is organized Tae Kwon-Do Association. A serial number
was assigned to each school, as follows:
1st. Song Moo Kwan

2nd. Han Moo Kwan
3rd. Chang Moo Kwan
4th. Moo Duk Kwan
5th. Ho Do Kwan
6th. Kang Du Kwan
7th Hung Do Kwan
8va. Ji Do Kwan
9th Chung Do Kwan.
1980
• The World Taekwondo Federation was recognized by the International Olympic
Committee (IOC)
1988
• Taekwondo participated in the Olympic Games as an exhibition sport.
1992
• Again, taekwondo participated in the Olympic games as an exhibition sport.
• There were several attempts to unify the ITF and WTF, but unfortunately these
always failed.
1994
• September 4, taekwondo is incorporated as an official sport in the Olympic
Games.
2000
• September 27-30, Taekwondo makes its appearance for the first time within the
official Olympic Games program.
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3. BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE

TAE KWON DO IN MEXICO
Until less than 52 years ago, the only Martial Arts that were known in Mexico were
fundamentally of Japanese origin: Judo, Karate and, to a much lesser extent, Aikido.
The history of TKD in Mexico has gone through different stages, thus celebrating 52
years of existence. Each of them is briefly explained below.
3.1 Background
The first TKD teachings in Mexico began in 1968, when Professor An Dae Sup,
through the Mexican-Japanese Karate Do Association, transmitted for a very short season
the first movements of Korean Karate, the name with which Tae began. Kwon Do back
then.
The beginning and real growth of TKD in Mexico occurred when Dr. Manuel
Mondragón y Kahlb, being a Karate practitioner, invited Professor Dai Won Moon to our
country in December 1968 to teach a Taekwondo Seminar, sponsored by a Karate Do
School in Mexico. In previous years, Prof. Moon broadcast TKD in the city of Houston,
Texas.
Professor Dai Won Moon decided to return the following year and stayed to live in
our country. Founded the Mexican Karate Association Do-Moo Duk Kwan Korean Karate
School. In May 1969, prof. Moon starts his TKD classes in Mexico City.
3.2 First stage: 1969 - 1979

In 1971, the first black belts were awarded in Mexico. In parallel, Prof. Sergio
Chávez emerged on another path.
With a different philosophy, as far as the conception of Martial Art is concerned,

Taekwondo advanced rapidly and in 1972 the Mexican Karate Federation was founded,
where Professor Dai Won Moon holds the position of Technical Director.
At the same time, Professor Dai Won Moon founded the Moo Duk Kwan
Association of Mexico, the seed beginning to flourish with the appearance of several
branches in different parts of the Mexican Republic. It was then that the name was
expanded to the Mexican Federation of Karate and Related Martial Arts, which coordinated
the work of Taekwondo practitioners.
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Little by little, the separation of the so-called Korean Karate became more and more
imminent. Especially since 1973, when Korea decided to form the World Taekwondo
Federation, to promote and spread this sport, and at the same time, the culture of its
country. In this way, the First World Taekwondo Championship was organized in Seoul,
Korea, with a well-defined Regulation and Structure.
Our country is invited to this Championship, participating with a team made up of

Moo Duk Kwan students, obtaining, to everyone's surprise, third place among the 16
participating countries. The experience obtained in that World Championship would have
been key for the participants and their coach, both at a technical and administrative level.
After the Second World Championship that had the participation of 32 countries,
Moo Duk Kwan competed representing Mexico, obtaining third place again, so in 1975,
Taekwondo sought a field of its own and independent development in our country, and the
Professor Dai Won Moon participates in the founding of the Mexican Taekwondo
Federation.
Their participation in national events, from 1969 to 1975, allowed them to win the
Championships in which they participated for 6 consecutive years. The great momentum
with which Mexico's TKD was shown was made known worldwide, because in the first four
world championships, Mexico obtained two third places, one fourth, and one second place
in the world.
The students of Professor Moon, Professor Olivares and Professors Tovar were the
ones who mainly made up the national teams.
The climax of TKD in Mexico occurs during the celebration of the IV World
Championship in Stuttgart, Germany, with the participation of 63 countries, where the
National Team that represents Mexico and is made up of Moo Duk Kwan students, led by
the Professor Dai Won Moon, you win second place.
3.3 Second stage: 1980 - 1989

The diversification of ideologies among leaders, as well as different political and
economic interests, caused, starting in 1980, a great distance between leaders, resulting in
the formation of new groups.
It is not bad to form new groups, but rather the selfishness of each one of them;
That is why schools began to lean towards TKD competition, leaving aside the most
important aspect, the philosophical one. Both the new groups and the existing ones aimed
to be 'The best TKD school', so they dedicated themselves to sports promotion, physical
work, external work and obtaining economic benefits, leaving aside the bases and
philosophical foundations of art.
The clashes between them resulted in journalistic articles that generally published
the problems of the TKD.
In the sporting aspect, the results obtained in the World Championships were due to
a personal and group effort, rather than due to the union of the national team. That is why
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performance fell, compared to the previous decade. Still, the world level remained among
the top eight in the world; level that was not bad at all.
Mexico obtained the headquarters for the organization of the World Cup in 1990,
during the celebration of the General Assembly of the WTF, on October 6, 1987, in
Barcelona, Spain. However, CONADE promotes its cancellation.
By the end of this decade, in 1989, the organization of Taekwondo in Mexico went
through a reorganization commission led by Lie. Barrientos. Now, each group would be
structured through its State so that a vote would finally be taken on the two lists that would
appear at that time.
The groups quickly sought to reorganize through their State; However, this
procedure took time, with many differences between leaders. In this way, the ninth World
Taekwondo Championships arrived in Korea, in October 1989; where the results obtained
were a clear example of the great differences that existed at that time. In this
Championship, no medal is achieved in the men's team, and it is thanks to the women's
team that the existing problems worldwide are managed to hide.
From this date on, everyone's concern was great and everyone wanted the solution
to come quickly, but everything would take a slow step and its accommodation would come
little by little. The two groups that had the most conflict had finally come to an agreement;
However, the disagreement had already caused more groups to have different proposals,
so two forms were made for a final vote.
The vote was carried out by state associations and was so close that everything
ended in a tie. The final vote was given by the sports leader at that time, Mr. Raúl
González, and Professor Víctor Soriano emerged as the new president.
3.4 Third stage: 1990 - 1999

At the beginning of this new decade, Professor Soriano tried to unite all the groups
to work as a team and little by little this was achieved. Especially those who were on the
opposite sheet.
The work of Professor Víctor Soriano was quite good, however, it would not be until
the placement of Professor Jesús Moreno Jr., when a real integration of all the groups was
consolidated.
Professor Jesús Moreno has worked positively, seeking to increase order among all
teachers, as well as in the groups. The level among the seven best in the world has
returned, a clear example being the results of La
Olympiad in Barcelona 92, thanks to the efforts of: William de Jesús Córdova by obtaining
a gold medal, Dolores Knolle with a bronze medal and Mónica Torres again with a third
place. In this Olympics the Mexican team obtained fifth place in the world.
Another great result was obtained in the World Cup in Brazil, in 1996, since first
place was obtained by teams. The results obtained in the World Championships in: Athens
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(Greece), New York (USA), Manila (Philippines) and Hong Kong (China) gradually rose
until they entered the top seven in the world.
The Open Championships in Acapulco promoted by the Federation, and the tours to
Korea that the selected teams have had, strengthen the level of Taekwondo in Mexico. The
competitors who are currently in the selection demonstrate total dedication to their training
and thanks to the efforts of both leaders, coaches, practitioners and close family members,
they cause a new order to prevail in the field of Taekwondo.
If this continues, and seeking excellence in: training, planning, financial support and
tours abroad; The level of Taekwondo in Mexico will increase even more.
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4. BENEFITS OF PRACTICE
TAE KWON DO
Until a few years ago, Taekwondo was considered a luxury, a somewhat mystical
discipline that few had access to. But today it is a necessity that is within reach and
available to everyone.
Taekwondo is a discipline that has no sex or age limit, since

it can be practiced by both adults and children and enjoy its benefits
such as: health, self-defense, sport, art, charm.
Taekwondo is the path of work, of dedication to an ideal that

is achieved daily in the doyang.
The benefits of practicing this martial art are many; The
person not only enjoys good physical and mental health, but also
learns to have control of himself and his emotions, learns to act with
character, face things with
courage and have determination.
Below are some of the many benefits that the

practice of this martial art provides:
• True physical and mental self-discipline.

• Conditioning reflexes, coordination and
reaction, teaches to maintain physical and
emotional balance, provides correct
breathing and obtains control of strength.
• It accentuates discipline and love for family
and friends.
• Teaches to correctly distinguish between
good and evil.
• Increases the sense of honor and humility
already feel respect so much by
our similar as by one
themselves.
• It teaches us not to go back and achieve all
our goals.
• Development of self-confidence.
• You get a clean and alert mind.
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In addition to all this, taekwondo is considered an ideal sport for the physical and
emotional training of the practitioner, who through prepared activities and situations refines
his reflexes and allows him to acquire the ability to react quickly to an external factor,
learns to respecting others and living in peace with everything that surrounds them, also
intervenes in the modeling of character by developing a positive attitude in addition to
allowing each being to know themselves and discover their abilities.
A Tae Kwondoin has control of his body, mind and spirit, therefore he is less likely
to feel angry or unpleasant. His mental state is such that not even the problems of
everyday life can bring him down like other people.
Practicing this martial art also offers different methods of self-

defense which, to a certain degree, guarantees almost absolute
invulnerability.
Tae Kwon Do provides speed, agility and coordination in the

movements executed by the practitioner, as well as helps to act and
make decisions at critical moments.
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5. PHILOSOPHY OF TAE KWON DO
5.1 Introduction
Tae kwon do can be a double-edged

sword. Whoever does not understand the true
essence and philosophy of this art becomes
arrogant, arrogant and closed-minded.
This discipline, like every activity in life

and every sport, needs to have strong, well-cared for roots and trunks. It is similar to caring
for a plant, without proper attention to the bases, the flowers will rot and there will be no
fruit. There is no point in caring for and waiting for the fruit to ripen if the root and trunk are
not healthy.
In the TKD philosophy, total dedication, acting with honesty and sincerity is
promoted, but to obtain results you need to practice it 100%, otherwise, the practice of Tae
kwon do will be of no use.
In its most practical sense, Tae kwon do is a Martial Art that serves to defend
oneself against possible attacks on the street. However, this is a limited aspect and in
these critical times in which we live, it can be extremely risky, because when a person
wants to attack us, they are prepared for it. For this reason this is a limited aspect.
But in its philosophical sense, being the broadest and deepest, the one that we can
apply in our daily life, Tae kwon do is a means that allows us to achieve personal goals of
any kind, but above all it puts us in contact with our true self. being and consequently
allows us to achieve self-realization and happiness. If we apply the essence of martiality to
our daily lives, we will be happier, because at the end of the day all human beings, without
exception, are seeking happiness. In Martial Arts, internal happiness is the main objective,
as well as achieving balance between mind and body.
5.2 Philosophy of Art

Basically Tae Kwon-Do is a Martial Art, relatively new, but which has solid
foundations, these are based on the Ancient Korean Martial Arts, this is why Tae Kwon Do
is a living art that consists of a beautiful and complete philosophy that promotes values
such as respect, humility, perseverance and total dedication in everything you do; For
example, in most Tae Kwon Do schools, we can observe that before and after each
training, a small ritual is performed, which is part of the protocol of a Doyang.
This ritual, formed by saluting the flags, a short meditation and greeting the teacher,
is done by the most advanced instructor or student in the class, and is subsequently
repeated or performed by each of the members of the class in unison. For the Tae Kwon
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Do practitioner, the greeting must be something very serious, since it indicates absolute
respect and total commitment to what is done; In fact, even when outside the doyang, the
practitioners, out of respect for the ritual, remain standing and silent until it has finished.
Likewise, we can find evidence of the philosophy of Tae Kwon Do in the respect
that each student transmits towards their classmates, instructors or any other person.
Although the literal translation of Tae Kwon Do is "The art of kicking and punching",
Tae means "kick", Kwon means "fist" and Do "Form", the latter is nothing more than a
superficial translation. "DO" in Korean means philosophy, path, art, how things happen
(Tao), it implies the philosophical approach to a way of life or a way of life, it is a way to
achieve clarity and is mainly linked to the aspect interior of Man, that is, his spirit and his
mind.
Due to the 'Do', Martial Art training can be divided into three parts:
1. First stage: Weh Gong School. It refers to the technique and external movements,
that is, physical work. In this school, the practitioner can master the technique
almost perfectly, can compete and become a champion. In general, Tae Kwon Do
practitioners, with rigorous physical training (Weh Gong), aim to improve
themselves physically. The results are tangible.
2. Second stage: Neh Gong School. It refers to the internal aspect of man, that is, his
mind and spirit. In this stage the practitioner begins along the path of Moo Do (Moo-
Art, Do-Way), that is, the search for the essence of the Martial Art, which makes it a
Moo Do in. In this school the practitioner cultivates internally, that is, mentally and
spiritually. The practitioner does not necessarily have to remain under supervised
instruction; In this school each person seeks their own training and internal
cultivation, since each person discovers and lives their own martial art, although
there are also practices for such development. Results are intangible.
3. Third Stage: Shim Gong. Unification of the external and internal aspects, that is, the
union of the body with the mind and spirit. In this school the Moo Do In practices in
a similar way to a moje for its own improvement.
After the previous explanation about the Do, we can speak of it as a synonym of
spiritual methodology comparable to what the Tao is for the Chinese, Zen for the
Japanese, yoga for the Hindus. Each of these is a path, a means, which leads to inner
development.
The conflict in the path of martial art or Moo Do, begins in the way in which the
human being tries to conceptualize intangible aspects or attitudes; That is, when man tries
to give a definition of a methodology for internal or spiritual development in order to make it
perceptible in slightly more tangible terms.
Feeling and spiritual development cannot be framed under a methodology, the

concept of methodology can only be applied to a series of steps that scientifically lead us to
the knowledge of tangible aspects, that is, the conscious knowledge or reasoning of
material things or facts.
For example, such is the case of the spiritual teachings of Buddha and also those of
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Jesus Christ, which by wanting to conceptualize them, man has only managed to alter their
original meaning, their essence, and not in accordance with this, he has also manipulated
them at convenience for his benefit. . This is why the essence of the martial art and the
path of the Martial Art or Moo Do, being spiritual aspects, are difficult to expose, and in fact
they are also manipulated by many people for their own convenience.
Currently, most schools belong to the first stage group, which base their knowledge
solely on Weh Gong, but these schools will only have a maximum lifespan equivalent to
one generation which is approximately 12 years, then they will be history. .
A school with true philosophical foundations must balance its practices in such a
way that both Weh Gong and Neh Gong are part of the preparation of its students, in order
for Tae Kwon Do to truly be a means for development. internal and not just a physical
activity.
Korean culture and its martial arts were strongly influenced by Eastern
philosophical currents such as Buddhism, Taoism, Confusionism and enriched by the
Hwarang (military group, constituted as a social organization by noble youth that was
instituted by King Chin Seung of the Shil-la dynasty).
The unification of the three existing kingdoms on the Korean Peninsula was made
possible by the spiritual influence of Hwarang-Do. Their code of honor basically consisted
of:
Respect for the nation.

Honor to friends.
Worth.
This code of honor represents the philosophical backbone of Korean Martial Arts.
Simply speaking, the philosophy of Tae Kwon Do is to achieve an understanding of love
and benevolence, the magnanimity of sympathy and character; but above all it is a way to
find oneself and achieve self-realization and therefore happiness. Self-realization is
achieved through self-knowledge, discovering virtues and limitations, accepting oneself as
one is and learning to live with it, since to live in harmony and balance with the rest of the
universe it is necessary for each being to be in harmony and balance internally.
In Eastern philosophy, man represents a microcosm, and the rest of the universe
represents a macrocosm. The microcosm belongs to and is part of the macrocosm, for this
reason both are in perfect balance. In order for the microcosm to balance with the
macrocosm, it is necessary for the microcosm itself to find its own balance.
It is from here that modern Korean culture, as well as its Martial Arts, took these
principles and formed them as part of its philosophy, which is why Tae Kwon Do
practitioners, in the search for improvement, try to achieve and fulfill those principles.
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Main Fundamentals of Tae Kwon-Do
The 5 foundations of Human Behavior:
Respect for the nation

Honor to friends.
Never kill unjustly.
The 10 Modern Principles of Tae Kwon-Do:
Respect for the nation

Sincerity and Gratitude between spouses.
Be cooperative with others.
Respect between student and teacher.
Respect for the elderly.
Honor to friends.
Be fair.
Indomitable Spirit.
Accompany your decisions with actions and always finish what you start.
The 11 points to emphasize during mental training:
Revere Nature.
Physical Concentration (Kiap).
Courtesy.
Modesty.
Gratitude.
Self Sacrifice.
Cultivate your own Courage.
Charity.
Be strong on the inside but flexible on the outside.
Strength.
Be skilled at reading.
The 10 points to emphasize for physical development:
Exhale through your mouth.

Focused vision.
Continuous balance during movements

Flexibility in the body.
Correct muscle tone for maximum power.
Combine low and high speed techniques.
Accuracy techniques.
Setting an appropriate distance.
Correct breathing.
Condition hands and feet.
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The 5 benefits of mental training:
Be one with nature.

A complete thank you to the environment.
Experience.
Awareness.
Culture.
Objectives that demand special attention:
The purpose of training is the improvement of the mind and body.

Sincerity is necessary.
The effort is necessary.
You have to maintain a constant itinerary in the practices.
Do your best during practices.
Train the basic spirit of Tae Kwon-Do.
It must be trained regularly.
Obey the Instructors without objections.
You should not be ambitious.
Pay attention to every aspect of training.
Pay attention to the order of training.
Follow step-by-step instructions on new techniques and schemes.
Seek conquest when you are ready.
Clarity after practice is important.
Tae Kwon Do promotes the formation of good moral character, non-violent

behavioral attitudes, and leads to enlightenment or a certain kind of mystical sense or
divine union. Tae Kwon Do extends to all aspects of life, to achieve harmony with nature
(Yin and Yang philosophy) and thus a stable and peaceful existence. Tae Kwon Do is not
only an excellent method of self-defense, but also a way of life. With the philosophy of Tae
Kwon Do, a student can free himself from ego, and live in harmony with the universe.
At the center of this philosophy is the concept of the interaction between opposing
forces in nature (Yin versus Yang). Balance is achieved only when opposing forces are
distributed in equal amounts, resulting in balance and harmony. When only one force
dominates, the result is imbalance, which could mean discord or incident both internally
and with the environment that surrounds us.
In today's society there are relatively few occasions to encounter a life-threatening

situation like when Tae Kwon Do was developed.
Therefore, it is the most spiritual part of Tae Kwon-Do that motivates certain people
to become one of its teachers. For others, the causes could be simply aptitude or the
desire to train and excel at a sport. However, a true master can never forget the importance
of the philosophical and spiritual parts of Tae Kwon-Do.
Tae Kwon Do also teaches the importance of responsibility and honesty as the
means to achieve and maintain harmony with society. The true TaeKwonDoin is the one
who knows how to behave anywhere and at any time. It is very important to highlight the
need that our world has for trustworthy and sincere people. These are the kind of people
83
who are probably most associated with Tae Kwon Do. These should be the badges by
which anyone could recognize the Tae Kwon Do practitioner. Respect, humility and a high
sense of morality are also important teachings of all who practice Tae Kwon Do. If the
student does not respect his teachers, he will never be worthy of being trusted by the
teachers, and therefore his presence in the Dojang will not be welcome. Respect is an
important theme in Tae Kwon Do. Respect is expected of all practitioners towards their
parents, their nation, their teachers, their peers, and in general towards all human beings
and forms of life.
Humility is a quality that all practitioners must possess. Although it is true that
practicing the art of Tae Kwon Do reaffirms self-confidence, it should not give us a false
sense of superiority. On the contrary, the good student must be humble and considerate.
Likewise, the highest respect for morality and ethics must be observed by all Tae Kwon Do
teachers.
As each practitioner progresses in their study and pursuit of Tae Kwon Do, several
questions often arise:
"Why am I doing this? "

"What is my benefit? "
"How important is this to me and my other interests? "
As well as other questions. The answers to these questions are generally

considered around the 5th Kup, and are probably the primary reason why the Blue Belt is
generally the breaking point in many people's Tae Kwon Do path.
The following comments give insight into the application of Tae Kwon Do in
everyday life, for thought and reflection, for discussion, and ultimately for general
agreement or disagreement.
Tae Kwon Do is a tool with a great scope in the inventory of human knowledge and
capabilities, it is a defensive art to protect oneself against physical and mental attacks. As
the beginner progresses, he or she realizes that more opportunities for the application of
Tae Kwon Do techniques exist on a daily basis, including:
• The theory of power in relation to any sport.

• Concentration skills in relation to study or meditation.
• Understanding internal motivation.

• Teaching in relation to public speaking skills and social relations.
• Perseverance and encouragement in relation to positive attitude in life.
• Direction in relation to management in professional life, that is, leadership.
Tae Kwon Do can be understood as a tool for use in many specific aspects of life.
This application, however, takes years of study of the Art, one cannot just "be in" a Dojang
or belong to a Tae Kwon Do club and expect it to happen. The practitioner must have his
own initiative to search, form a habit of reading, investigating, meditating and asking, all of
this in order to cultivate himself.
To be truly realistic, the student must achieve more than "Know How to Fight", after
all, how many times in a day will that skill be used? As it is said: "the beginning constitutes
a significant part of the entire effort." A tool like Tae Kwon Do can help you achieve other
84
goals in life. Tae Kwon Do is a principle, it is a means.
This is why we can say that Moo Duk Kwan's Tae Kwon Do has very well-founded
philosophical bases, and it is important that by the time you reach the degree of black belt,
you have reached the understanding and understanding of these philosophical principles.
One of the main goals of Mooo Duk Kwan is for each of its practitioners to achieve
the highest levels of both physical and mental purity. Learn that each of us is neither less
nor more than the others and that even if we are a great warrior, there is always the
possibility of losing an encounter with someone who least expects it. Thus learning that
none of us is better than all of us!
It is extremely important to know the philosophy of Tae Kwon Do, in order to know
where we are and where we are going. Likewise, it is important to know the philosophy
behind both the use of the dobok and the wearing of a belt.
Both aspects have a rich philosophical content, since they represent the position of
man and his relationship with the rest of the universe. Below are explained both the
philosophy of the belt or Ti, and the philosophy of the uniform or Dobok.
5.3 Ti Philosophy - Belt

In order to understand the philosophy of the belt (TI), we must first understand
certain philosophical concepts, traditional to Korean culture.
Chonbugyong is a philosophical concept based on the trinity of certain elements

fundamental to the formation of life itself, these elements are:
Heaven
The earth
The man
It is from here that the so-called Trinity exists, this Trinity is made up of the three
aforementioned elements, these in turn are represented in the Tae Kwon Do uniform, the
Dobok and also in the traditional Korean clothing, the Hanbock. It is important to clarify that
Eastern philosophy refers to “Man” as a being and not as a gender.
The upper part of the uniform, the jacket (Sam-Ui) philosophically represents
Heaven, the lower part, the pants (Ha-Ui) represents the Earth, and the belt (Ti) represents
man. Tying the belt means Order and personal appearance, it also represents Yin-Yang,
that is, balance, the Tao. This concept of the trinity, heaven, earth and person, is for
Korean culture the source of all life and of these elements the Person is the most valuable
of all since it is considered that each person is a Micro Cosmos or Micro Universe.
In Moo Duk Kwan's Tae Kwon Do we can see the existence of seven belts, these
are: White, Yellow, Green, Blue, Brown, Red and Black.
The primary colors are Yellow, Blue and Red, which belong to the trinity. In Tae
Kwon-Do, Black and White represent the colors of Yin-Yang, which in turn represents the
85
balance of the universe, where everything good has something bad and everything bad has
something good or also where there is always light. There is a little darkness and where
there is darkness there is always a little light.
The Meaning of all the colors together can be found in the theory of Um-yang-yang
Oh Heng Sol. Um-yang-yang has been understood as the ultimate principle of cosmic order
that allows the production of all acting and reacting forms of life, the Tao.
Um-yang-yang explains the harmony of Yin and Yang, Oh Heng describes the birth
and death of everything that lives with the interaction of the five components such as fire,
water, wood, metal and soil. The human body has the five elements and they are
represented in the heart, kidney, lung, liver, and spleen.
The six belt colors of Tae Kwon-Do are based on the principle of Oh Heng, these
colors are widely used in Korean society in their designs, construction and clothing.
The sum of the five components of Oh Heng (fire, water, wood, metal and soil), the
heaven and earth of the Chonbugyong philosophy, plus Yin and Yang, result in nine
elements in general, which are They represent the nine Kup and the nine Dan, which are
the extremes of the belt levels.
You start at the 9th Kup to reach the 1st Kup, once you reach this, you begin
progressively in the Danes, which go from the 1st Dan to the 9th Dan. This system comes
from the belief that all life forms descend from heaven, live on earth, and return from
whence they came.
When we tie the belt, two ends stand out, which come from a knot in the center and
which is placed at the height of the center of the stomach (DanTian). The meaning of the
ceremonial process of belting is to collect all the energy inside and out in the DanTian so
that the practitioner can use the KI (Internal Force) in his work and in the application of the
techniques.
Traditionally, Dojang means the "place of awakening." It is where the practitioner

trains the techniques that will lead him to collect and disperse all his energy (KI), in the
development of the techniques and finally to achieve self-knowledge, clarification, and be
able to reunite with the greatness of oneself, that is, to put oneself in contact with your true
self.
It is essential that Tae Kwon Do students take special care of the uniform. Practice
requires order, and order comes from respect for the belts. The more respect you have for
the meaning of the belt, the more serious your Tae Kwon Do training becomes. And that
will result in encounter, understanding and clarification.
White Belt:
The color white in Korean history has great meaning. When Tangun, who was the son of
Hwanung (the God of heaven), founded Korea under the name Choson, the name was
based on the spirit of worshiping the sun (symbolizing brightness). This belt represents
purity, its wearer is a person who begins the practice of Moo Do, seeks to understand the
meaning and order of his or her internal Microuniverse and begins to understand that one
must work hard to achieve the proposed goals. White represents one of the colors of Yin-
Yang, it is the will.
86
Yellow belt
The yellow belt represents the beginning of learning, birth, the color yellow is used as a
representation of the physical and spiritual riches obtained through the practice of Martial
Art. Yellow is part of the Chonbugyong philosophy trilogy.
Green belt
The green belt represents the flowering of a new life, this color shows that the Tae Kwon-
Do practitioner begins to delve into the practice of Tae Kwon-Do.
Blue Belt
The blue belt is one of the most important of all since in this degree the Martial Art
practitioner begins the search for patience, blue represents the color generated by the
union of the sky and the sea, that same blue that so much peace and tranquility radiates.
Blue is part of the trilogy of Chonbugyong philosophy.
Brown/Red Belt
The brown belt and especially the red belt are considered one of the most difficult degrees,
since in this the practitioner of the Martial Art must achieve the strength, courage, bravery
and, most importantly, the humility necessary to reach the level. black belt degree. The
color red represents the danger and the effort made over the years to reach that level. Red
is part of the trilogy of Chonbugyong philosophy.
Black belt:
This could be mistakenly considered as the last of the degrees, but on the contrary, it is just
the beginning, the beginning of true learning, it is here when the practitioner manages to
encompass all the benefits of the experiences in the previous belts and acquires the pride
and the dignity that will lead you to be a better person. The color black is based on the Yin-
Yang philosophy.
5. 4 Do Bok Philosophy - Uniform

The Dobock is specially designed to train the mind and body, where the tradition
and spirit of ancient Korea is alive, along with this we find that Korean clothing has a lot to
do with their history and tradition, such as This is the case of Hanbock (traditional Korean
clothing). The origin of the Hanbock is not known. However, there are records showing the
use of these suits in the period of the Shil-La (Sagi) Dynasty.
It is believed that white suits were daily wear clothes for the Koguryo people. It also
appears that the clothing and long pants must have been the same type of cloth with which
the wall paintings in the tombs of the three kingdoms were made.
The Tae Kwon-Do Dobock is similar to traditional Korean clothing, in the

manufacturing method the waist lines of the uniform stand out in the dimension of a circle,
the square on the cuffs and the triangular hip area. The upper clothing is made in the same
87
way.
It seems that Do Bok is absolutely different from common clothing, it has a tradition,
and therefore, it is thought that the Do Bok worn by the Koguryo people must be absolutely
similar to the one worn during the Tangun-Choson period ( 37a.C.- 668d.C).
Again, traditional Korean costumes are based on the three elements (heaven, earth
and person), and the elements are transformed into the unity of the three called "Han".
The numerical concept of Chonbugyong, which contains the principles of heaven as

one, earth as two, and man as three, are brought into the theoretical background for the
formation of traditional Korean costumes.
From this analysis, it can be reasoned that Do Bok has the same historical records
of transformation that traditional Korean costume has had. According to the theory of "Yin"
and "Yang", man is a small universe, the pants that is Yin is the earth, the jacket that is
Yang is the sky, and both surround the man himself.
Accessories represent every aspect of Korean life and are included in the
production of all various kinds of outfits.
At first Do Bok was made only in white. In 1970, a difference was made between
the uniform for lower black belts and black belts. The black belt Dobock has a black "V"
collar, while the other grades wear the completely white uniform, with some exceptions in
which the practitioner with the poom grade wears the same "V" collar. belt color (half black
and half red).
The white color on the uniform symbolizes the background of the universe.
According to traditional Korean philosophy, the origin of the universe is based on the
brightness of the sun. White is the essence of the universe in Korean belief.
The reason for the "V" collar is to increase comfort against the uniform previously
worn, as it tended to become too loose during practice. The V-neck uniform looks neat and
is convenient for training.
88
CONCLUSION
1. GENERAL CONCLUSION OF THE THESIS
89
Taekwondo is a martial art that was born in Korea, founded by General Choi Hong Hi in
1955, it is fundamentally based on older martial arts such as: kung fu or Chinese wu shu,
taekkyon and karate-do, Today it has become a modern sport. It stands out for the variety
and spectacularity of its kicking techniques, and is currently one of the best-known martial
arts.
ITF taekwondo is not only dedicated to sport, the student is also trained in discipline, self-
control, family values and forms of behavior inside and outside our practice place.
The origins of taekwondo date back to 50 BC, with the practice of a martial art called
Taekkyon. Evidence of its practice could be found in some tombs where wall paintings
showed two men in a fight scene. At this time there were three kingdoms Silla, Koguryo
and Baek je.
The soldiers of the Goguryeo dynasty developed a martial art or kempo based on various
Chinese styles, but adapted to their own needs. It was a style that placed a lot of
importance on kicks instead of punches. This style of self-defense without weapons is
called Taekkyon.
90
SECOND PART
Curriculum
CURRICULUM
Curriculum of activities in Moo Duk Kwan Tijuana in the January 2019 Period
as of December 2020
General information
Name: Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera
Address: las plazas boulevard
Telephone: 6642045709
Personal information
Student occupation
91
Marital status: single

Mexican nationality
Age: 16 years
Date of birth: 09/15/05
Place of Birth: Tijuana B. c. Mexico
Partial exams
Exams Corresponding to 2020.
• First partial evaluation, for promotion from degree to black belt 1st poom, dated
June 30, 2020. Examiner: Grand Master Jose Martin Lopez Rosales 8th Dan.
• Second partial evaluation, for promotion to 1st poom black belt degree, dated
December 11, 2020. Examiner: Grand Master Jose Martin Lopez Rosales 8th Dan.
Exams Corresponding to 2021.
• Third partial evaluation, for black belt degree promotion 1st poom, with
date of February 14, 2021. Examiner: Grandmaster Jose Martin Lopez
Rosales 8th Dan.
• Fourth partial evaluation, for black belt degree promotion 1st poom, with
date of April 25, 2021. Examiner: Grandmaster Jose Martin Lopez
Rosales 8th Dan.
• Fifth partial evaluation for 1st grade black belt promotion, dated June 20, 2021.
Examiner: Grand Master Jose Martin Lopez Rosales 8th Dan.
Participation in Tournaments
Competitions in 2020
• Participation in the 2020 regional tournament at MDK Tijuana, competing in Combat

Modality and Forms.
• Participation in the 2020 Regional Tournament at MDK Tijuana, competing in

Combat Modality and Forms.
• Participation in the Mazatlan 2020 Regional Tournament at MDK Mazatlan,
92
competing in Combat Mode and Forms.
Competitions in 2021
• Participation in the 2021 Fall Regional Tournament at MDK Mexicali, competing in

Combat Modality and Forms.
• Participation in the 2021 Regional Tournament at MDK Tijuana, competing in

Combat Mode and Forms.
93
94
95
MEXICAN ASSOCIATION MDK, AC
Certify it
z9gR2
Au. 11219-031-
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Name:. Ox«ndonGYm«n0-0«40- ctment: euexa
SEPTEMBER 1ST LEAVE
Herha be
YOU
teacher
IRIS ANGELICA
The present recertification LUNA
is to confirm SOTELO
that the ________person
above-mentioned __ has
been awarded the black belt I er Doom in Tae fwron Ao and agreed with
the AHon Auk Minan system, in the XXXIX examination held for his
promotion. g
XXXIX
e
it
<1 - 2019 124 1 °
042 a #a %e r
Prof. Isaías PueñasRiestra C. N. 9" DAN Regional Technical

President Director
96
THIRD PART
Annexes
97
I. MDK ANTHEM
OFFICIAL ANTHEM OF THE

MOO DUK KWAN MEXICAN ASSOCIATION
Unbreakable Loyalty My Moo Duk Kwan Family

Honor and Respect With Patience and Gratitude
Tenacious in the face of Learn and Teach
adversaries Grow in life
The Moo Duk Kwan Family. The Moo Duk Kwan Family
Discipline and Courage Teaching Solidarity

Harmony and Dignity To other Brotherhood Hymns
All this represents With principles and values
The Moo Duk Kwan family. The Moo Duk Kwan Family
My Shield is my Motto My Shield is my Motto

My instrument towards My instrument towards Peace
Peace My Teaching is Strength
My teaching is Strength My Moo Duk Kwan Family
My Moo Duk Kwan Family
My Teaching is Strength
My Teaching is Strength My Moo Duk Kwan Family
Authors
Omar Bejarano
Angelica Luna
98
II. MEANING OF THE

KOREAN FLAG
Tae Guk-Ki
The Korean flag has a high philosophical meaning. Its origins come
from an Eastern philosophy called Eum - Yang, which in traditional Chinese is
pronounced as: 'Yin-Yang'. In Korea, the 'Yin-Yang' symbol and sometimes
the flag itself is called 'TaeGuk' and summarizes the thoughts of the I Ching
(book of changes, called Yeouk in Korean). Its name means 'Flag of the great
extremes'.
The central thought is perfect harmony, unity, balance, the Tao: a

continuous movement within the sphere of infinity, resulting in oneness.
The four trigrams located at each end (called Kwe in Korean)

represent the concept of opposite, complement, balance and perfect
harmony.
99
The trigrams are:
Sky (top left)
Earth (bottom right)
Water (top right)
Fire (bottom left)
Analyzing the trigrams you can see that they are opposites, three segmented
lines (earth) against 3 continuous bars (heaven), etc.
For the people of Korea; Its flag is a source of hope and inspiration. During the
Japanese occupation that began in 1910, the display of the Korean flag in public places
was prohibited, so they remained hidden for 35 years until the day of their liberation in
1945. The Korean flag is the symbol of this country's strength and struggle for its
independence and freedom.
Origins
The oldest Yin-Yang symbol, which was carved in stone, was found in Korea. At
the end of the 19th century Korea needed to have its own flag, and it is believed that it
was Young-Hyo Park who introduced the first concept. At that time Korea was influenced
by all kinds of Japanese, Chinese and Russian colonists.
Meaning of the symbols
Yin means darkness and cold, while Yang means light

and heat. An ancient book called Choo-Yuk which was written by
a person of Chinese origin explains that all objects and events in
the world are represented by the movement of Yin and Yang.
The earth is Yin and the sky is Yang, the night is Yin and the day
is Yang, winter is Ying and summer is Yang. Yin and Yang are
relative and can be represented in the following way: A can be
Yin with respect to B while A can be Yang with respect to C; For example, spring is Yin
with respect to summer and at the same time it is Yang with respect to winter.
100
Kun – Yi - Fire Kam Water Kon Tierra

Heaven
The white background of the flag represents peace. The upper red half circle
means Yang and the lower blue half circle means Yin.
101
III. BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
The History of Moo Duk Kwan
50th Anniversary - Hwang Kee
nineteen ninety five
Tae Kwon Do for Beginners

Oscar Mendiola Ed. Selector
1st Ed. April 1994
Tae Kwon Do For Kids

Y.H. Park, Jeff Leibowitz
Ed. Selector
!era Edition, 1994
Taekwondo
Wo-Lu-Tao
Ed. Olympus
Prim. Ed. 1992
The best Karate

M. Nacayama
Ed. Diana, 1986
INTERNET
Different pages related to Taekwondo,

Sports, Physical Education, Martial Arts
Medicine and health
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Mexican Association Moo Duk Kwan AC

Tae Kwon Do Thesis

Tijuana, B. c. December 5, 2021

Thank you all.

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera 2

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera 3

Part One: Moo Duk Kwan and Tae Kwon Do

I. Moo Duk Kwan

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera 4

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera 5

2. The mental part 55

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera 6

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera 7

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera 8

2. Tae Kwon Do in Korea 55

3. Background and development of TKD in Mexico 70

4. Benefits of practicing TKD 74

1. General Conclusion of the 88

Second part: Curriculum

Third part: Annexes

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera 9

Tae: means "kick" or "hit with the feet",

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

1. WHAT IS MOO DUK KWAN

The Institute of Martial Virtue, Moo Duk Kwan,

The number of worldwide members,

Moo Duk Kwan has been an important key in

Grandmaster KYN Hwang Kee

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

2. MOO DUK KWAN IN KOREA

Moo Duk Kwan has been an important key in

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

Hwang Kee Circa was born in Korea in 1914. His father

In the last 1000 years in Korea, the army threatened the

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

Credibly battling well-established, anti-Korean-Japanese martial arts organizations,

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

In 1955 there was still no ancient record of

Kwan." The ancient Soo Bahk techniques that

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

2.2 Birth of Moo Duk Kwan

The Institute of Martial Virtue, Moo Duk Kwan, was

The basic idea of Moo Duk Kwan is the development of its

"Individuals Strong in Spirit and Body, make communities

2.3 Kwan Jang Nim Hwang Kee

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

Upon his return to Seoul in 1937, Kwan Jang

For this reason it was impossible for Kwan Jang

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

The Basics of Moo Duk Kwan

Moo Duk Kwan

MOO DUK KWAN

Martial, Military, Virtue, Style, School

10 articles of the creed

1. Loyalty to your country

Brandon Imanol Bustillos Rivera

2.4 Moo Duk Kwan's achievements and activities until 1961

Schools existing in Korea before the Korean War

Moo Duk Kwan Hwang Kee Seoul