1.

Theoretical framework
In this part of the work we will present some concepts that will be used for the
development of the work, trying to present a perspective of the company and its
product on which we base the project.
Likewise, some definitions, characteristics, descriptions and other factors that
will mention the product and thus the project will be presented.
The objective of the work is to appreciate the evolution of the electric car based
on the number of sales and its characteristics. In addition, it is planned to make
readers aware of the current state of this sector with real data to make them
reflect on whether this type of alternatives are being taken seriously or remain
empty words.

1.1 The Electric Car

1.1.1 Introduction to the Electric Car

The electric car is destined to be the vehicle of the future, leaving behind
the well-known combustion cars, but that does not mean that it is a new
product since its appearance dates back to the 19th century when they
were already important vehicles at that time. What caused it to be
forgotten was the discovery of the combustion car, which turned out to be
more economical.
Before starting the description of this type of car, it is worth highlighting
the difference that exists between the hybrid car and the electric car
since many people are unaware of the difference and tend to refer to
both in the same way. The big difference between one and the other is
the type of propulsion, the electric vehicle, as its name indicates, only
has an electric motor or motors, while the hybrid car is made up of an
electric motor and a thermal motor. This was just a brief clarification with
no further importance for the execution of the work. Once this detail has
been indicated, the most appropriate thing is to continue with the
explanation of the topic that concerns us.
It should be noted that the electric vehicle offers safety comparable to
that of the conventional car; different tests have been carried out with
very positive results. The safety of the driver, child occupant, pedestrians
and car assistance is assessed as a percentage.
1.1.2 Composition and functionality
The vehicle is propelled by an electric motor through batteries that store
electrical energy. The stored energy is transformed into mechanical
energy that is directed to the axles to move the wheels. The mechanism
 is relatively simple, so much so that the gearbox and clutch can be
dispensed with.
The most characteristic components of electric cars are the charging
port, transformer, battery, controller and motor.

 Batteries
It is the key part of the system, its objective is to store electrical
energy for later use. Also, they determine the power, autonomy
and design of the vehicle. It is one of the most expensive parts in
terms of price and has considerable weight, as well as low energy
density per unit of mass.
 Drivers
They are responsible for checking that the operation is correct,
since it is a recipient of energy and a source of its recharge.
 Engine
You can have one or more, depending on the design. Its main
function is to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy.
In some cases it also acts as an inverter, recovering braking
energy, transforming kinetic energy into electrical energy that is
chemically stored in the batteries.
 loading port
It corresponds to the point at which the car is recharged. Normally
it is an alternating current (conventional) outlet that is transformed
into direct current, which the battery needs.
 Transformers
Its main function is to convert the intensity (amperage) and tension
(voltage) into valid values for the correct operation of the vehicle.
In addition, it helps cooling, avoiding possible explosions or spills.
1.1.3 Advantages

 It does not emit polluting gases into the atmosphere as it does not
require fuel to operate.
 By having fewer mechanisms, the electric car does not need to
undergo as many inspections or a cooling circuit.
 The efficiency of this type of car reaches approximately 90%,
which compared to the efficiency of the conventional car, which is
around 35-40%, causes an abysmal difference between one and
the other in this aspect, which means that the use of consumption
will be better. in the electric vehicle.
 Helps avoid noise pollution. It also prevents vibrations (not
completely).
1.1.4 Disadvantages
  Being an innovative product, there are still not as many charging
areas enabled as perhaps there should be to ensure the use of
the vehicle anywhere, without fear of running out of battery.
 Currently, the electric vehicle has a somewhat prohibitive price,
probably given that few quantities are available. To this we must
add the price of replacing the batteries since they have a certain
life and their replacement is quite expensive.
 It is once again important that the product for sale is new since
when it comes to repairing a car of this type it is possible to
encounter problems in traditional workshops, and what to say
about if a spare part is needed, it will most likely be have to buy
and bring from other countries with the increased cost that entails.

1.2 History of Tesla Motors.-

Tesla Motors is a North American company created in 2003 with

headquarters in California. Under the command of Elon Musk, it
manufactures and markets vehicles, as well as components and batteries for
other manufacturers such as the Daimler group or Toyota. Taking the name
of the physicist and engineer Nikola Tesla, it develops induction motors,
creating compact systems with a lower number of moving parts than a
conventional heat engine. Likewise, the company has its own patents for its
manufacturing, which have been released to the public since 2014.
Tesla Motors' main objective is to market fully electric vehicles, including
sedans, sports cars and affordable compacts. The Tesla Roadster was the
company's first vehicle, a completely electric sports car, a pioneer in the use
of Lithium-Ion batteries with ranges of more than 300 kilometers per charge.
The first prototypes were shown to the public in 2006 and it currently holds
the world record for autonomy in a mass-produced electric vehicle with 501
kilometers. Between 2008 and 2012, the company put more than 2,000 units
into circulation around the world.

Although Tesla Motors continues with the production and in turn the
evolution of these cars, we will focus particularly on one model, we are
referring to the Tesla Model 3 model.
We placed this model since it is considered the most economical and/or
accessible of the group of models offered by Tela Motors. However, this
project is also proposed with the purpose of appreciating the benefits it
 offers based on an economic model and that in the long run it may mostly
benefit the environment but also the reduction in costs in terms of fuel.
1.2.1 Tesla Model 3

The Tesla Model 3 is a conventional four-door car with compact

dimensions and 100% electric, manufactured by Tesla since 2016 and
marketed since the end of 2018. The price of the Model 3 starts at
48,200 euros (Europe) and 42,900 dollars (USA). It has a large lithium-
ion battery that provides a range of 415 and 544 kilometers, depending
on the version.

In the following table we will show some specifications

We focus the analysis with respect to this car (product) in order to make
some comparisons in certain specific areas and how the use of this type of
automobile, taken as the model 3 as an example, can contribute to society.

1.2.2 Production and Sales

 Production

The creation process of the Tesla in all its phases, from the
acclimatization of the body to the inclusion of all the essential
components through the additions and configurations. But the problems
that the increased production of Models 3 is generating are striking. Elon
Musk even stated that this situation is “production hell.”
The process itself, in detail, is more complex. The chassis of the vehicle
previously painted in the chosen color goes to the production line and
some plastic clips to facilitate assembly. The first task of the assembly
team is to configure all the wiring in the car that runs the equipment such
as the on-board computer, electric windows, etc. After installing the
cables, we move on to installing the electrical components to which these
cables are connected.
Next, the on-board computer is configured, which is the nerve center of
the car's advantages, which works through a touch screen. Then the
command panel is established that shows the car's data and controls.
These components are implemented separately to streamline the
production process due to Tesla's problems.

The screen is configured with the corresponding software and after a

process of cleaning the car, workers install the doors (which are already
equipped with windows and panels) just before taking the Model 3 off the
assembly line. As a detail, the system goes into factory mode after the
car is started for the first time. According to Business Insider, the
assembly process lasts approximately 90 minutes and requires 40 well-
defined steps. The production line extends more than 300 meters long.

So far, the production of the Tesla Model 3 has been greatly delayed
compared to estimates due to the numerous bottlenecks that have
appeared in its production line, mainly in gigafactory 1 in Nevada, where
its batteries are manufactured. However, now the problems in other
different factories (Fremont), by relying heavily on automation, the Model
3 faces dozens of small problems that slow it down even though the large
bottlenecks have been solved. We will mention some of these.

Print:
 Tesla uses a high-end stamping press to turn giant rolls of steel into the
various body parts of the Model 3. There are only 35 presses of this type
for automobile manufacturing in the world, and according to Tesla, theirs
is the first in the United States.

Mounting

The assembly of parts is one of the key parts of the process, and has a
great dependence on human personnel in most factories in the world.

Seat Factory:

At one point Tesla had problems with its seat supplier, so they decided to
create their own seat factory and thus solve this problem, however this
also presented problems.

 Sales

Sales of Tesla Motors have been increasing and with this it has
generated greater demand since according to the above we see that the
electric car, in this case the Tesla Model 3 is one of the cars that has had
the most evolution with respect to sales. It can be seen more clearly in
certain European countries.
Some Articles highlight the sales that Tesla has had, let's see below.
Daniel G. Lifona says in an article the following:
“The Tesla Model 3 already accounts for 82% of global sales with respect
to electric cars and batteries. Or what is the same, eight out of every 10
vehicles are Tesla.” Likewise it also says:
“The same thing happens in the sales chapter, with a volume of 97,000
units sold worldwide, another historical figure that exceeds the 95,200
units delivered in the second quarter, although it does not meet the
objective set by the company for the third quarter ( 99,000 sales), which
caused its shares to fall on the stock market.”
As seen in the previous table, Tesla, in this case the Model 3, has been
constantly growing with respect to sales in the US.

On July 28, 2017, Elon Musk delivered the first 30 vehicles to Tesla employees.
At the event he stated that the Tesla Model 3 had about 10,000 parts, two-thirds
of which were manufactured in North America and one-third in the rest of the
world. It presented a production curve in which by December 2017 it expected
to produce 5,000 units per week and 10,000 units per week in 2018.
On March 31, 2016, during the official presentation, Elon Musk announced that
115,000 units of the Model 3 had already been reserved.
Tesla claimed that in the first 24 hours it received more than 180,000
reservations. On the second day, reservations exceeded 232,000.
In the first week it received 325,000 reservations. That assumed future sales of
$14 billion. Tesla claimed it was the largest launch of any type of product in a
week.
In comparison, Tesla delivered 50,658 vehicles in 2015 and 14,820 in the first
quarter of 2016.

1.3 Automation Models

1.3.1 Process automation
It is necessary to keep in mind that the types of automation are chosen
by the company. One of the types of automation is Industrial and it is
what we propose since it sets the production volume and at the same
time the production is very high therefore the cost An attempt will be
made to reduce it to the minimum possible, without losing performance
and quality capabilities.
1.3.2 Where to apply Process Automation.
1.3.2.1 To increase the impact of automation, it is recommended to focus
on certain areas:

 Automate the resolution of open Incidents and upcoming alerts

 Establish a constant and repeatable process to organize change
 Process Integration
1.3.2.1What is achieved with Automation
 The elimination of resources and time in manual and repetitive
tasks.
 Improved productivity and performance through automation
 Faster Return on Investment
1.3.3 How to Automate processes focused on a system from a BPM-Based
Documentation model?

The main result presented in this article is a model that allows an

organization to understand, develop and adopt a process management
culture. This identifying its optimization to adapt it to the new BPMs
technology.

The benefits that can be obtained by adopting BPM as a methodology,

and applicability with technology, are reflected in particular in the
possibility of obtaining multiple innovations. According to Porras (2007)
these innovations:

They are software applications for the execution of processes (BPMs

or an ESB bus), for storing business rules (BRE), for monitoring the
performance of BAM (Business Activity Monitoring) processes and,
finally, we point out the synergy that exists between BPM and SOA
(IT Service Oriented Architecture).

Some benefits according to Porras (2007) are:

1.-Alignment between strategy and execution: The strategy in execution is

facilitated with the BPM.

2.-Agility : It largely determines the success or failure of organizations. BPM

allows agile and real-time changes to processes.

3.-Compliance with existing regulatory frameworks : BPM technology

incorporates process tracking (BAM). This option collaborates with the
traces required by the audit and other process areas. The BAM allows you
to promptly monitor each of the iterations carried out in the processes that
are taken to the BPMs. Additionally, it allows analyzing the costs of each of
the activities, times, generation of alerts, alarms, among other useful
indicators in the operation of the institution.
 4.-Customer orientation : Organizations owe themselves mainly to their
customers. For this reason it is always necessary to take their opinion into
account.

1.4 Impact of Electric Cars on the Environment

Cars powered by electric motors have become an increasingly serious

alternative in the private transportation market in recent years. Gone are
the times when these cars offered minimal speeds: today it is possible to
achieve interesting functionality with these devices and, at the same
time, make an important contribution to the environment.

CO2 emissions and other polluting gases are one of the main factors why
climate change continues to accelerate and other serious environmental
problems worsen. But the energy used for private and public
transportation in large cities, based on hydrocarbon derivatives, will have
to change in one way or another in the coming decades.