02 Electric Field PDF

PROBLEMS SOLVED AND PROPOSED FOR
PHYSICS II.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM FOR
ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND STUDENTS
TECHNOLOGY.
CHAPTER 2 : THE ELECTRIC FIELD.
Maturín, July 2017.

Episode 2. The Electric Field.
CONTENT.
PHYSICS II..............................................................................................................................1
CONTENT...........................................................................................................................2
PRESENTATION................................................................................................................5
ABOUT THE AUTHOR......................................................................................................7
2.1. - DEFINITION OF ELECTRICAL FIELD..........................................................9
Relationship between electric force and electric field......................................................9
Example 2.1......................................................................................................................9
Example 2.2......................................................................................................................9
Suggested exercises..........................................................................................................9
2.2. - ELECTRICAL FIELD DUE TO POINT CHARGES......................................10
Electric field due to an electric charge...........................................................................10
Example 2.3. Tipler's Problem 37. Sixth edition. Page 723...........................................10
Example 2.6....................................................................................................................13
Systems involving gravitational force............................................................................20
Example 2.8....................................................................................................................20
Example 2.16. Tipler's Problem 76. Sixth edition. Page 726.........................................26
Example 2.18. Modification of Exercise Guide Prof. Amenayda Figueredo. Period....27
II-90................................................................................................................................27
EITHER..........................................................................................................................31
Example 2.22..................................................................................................................35
—4..................................................................................................................................36
Suggested exercises........................................................................................................41
Electric dipole.................................................................................................................44
Movement of charges in an electric field.......................................................................48
Example 2.27..................................................................................................................48
Example 2.36..................................................................................................................72
Edition. Page 66. Resnick's Problem 14. Fifth edition. Page 607. Tipler's Problem 20.
Sixth edition. Page 757...................................................................................................77
Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 2

Example 2.40. Serway Problem 28. Seventh edition. Page 668. Problem PR- 2.20 of
Figueroa. Fifth edition. Page 75.....................................................................................77
Flat sheets.......................................................................................................................82
Example 2.43..................................................................................................................82
Example 2.46. Serway Problem 28. Seventh edition. Page 668.....................................88
Example 2.48..................................................................................................................89
Example 2.49..................................................................................................................90
Example 2.50. Repulsion between a disk and a bar. Problem PR-2.24 of Figueroa.
Fifth edition. Page 78. Problem 86 of Córdova. Page 52...............................................90
Hemispherical shells.......................................................................................................95
Example 2.51. E field of a hemispherical shell. Problem PR-2.21 of Figueroa.............95
Example 2.52..................................................................................................................95
BIBLIOGRAPHY..............................................................................................................97
TITLES OF THE SERIES SOLVED PROBLEMS AND ELECTRICITY
PROPOSALS (PHYSICS II)..............................................................................................99
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR..............................................................................100
Series of Solved and Proposed Problems of:................................................................100
Video tutorials..............................................................................................................102
SERVICE OFFER............................................................................................................103
Example 2.39. Example 23.7 of the Serway. Seventh edition. Page 657. Serway
Problem 22 . Fifth edition. Page 668. Problem PR-2.09 of Figueroa. Fifth
Edition. Page 66. Resnick's Problem 14. Fifth edition. Page 607. Problem
PHYSICS II..............................................................................................................................1
CONTENT...........................................................................................................................2
PRESENTATION................................................................................................................5
ABOUT THE AUTHOR......................................................................................................7
2.1. - DEFINITION OF ELECTRICAL FIELD..........................................................9
Example 2.1......................................................................................................................9
Example 2.2......................................................................................................................9
Electric field due to an electric charge...........................................................................10
Example 2.6....................................................................................................................13
Example 2.8....................................................................................................................20
Example 2.18. Modification of Exercise Guide Prof. Amenayda Figueredo. Period....27
II-90................................................................................................................................27
EITHER..........................................................................................................................31
Example 2.22..................................................................................................................35
—4..................................................................................................................................36
Electric dipole.................................................................................................................44
Movement of charges in an electric field.......................................................................48
Example 2.27..................................................................................................................48
Example 2.36..................................................................................................................72
Figueroa. Fifth edition. Page 75.....................................................................................77
Flat sheets.......................................................................................................................82
Example 2.43..................................................................................................................82
Example 2.48..................................................................................................................89
Example 2.49..................................................................................................................90
Example 2.50. Repulsion between a disk and a bar. Problem PR-2.24 of Figueroa.

Example 2.52..................................................................................................................95
BIBLIOGRAPHY..............................................................................................................97
TITLES OF THE SERIES SOLVED PROBLEMS AND ELECTRICITY
PROPOSALS (PHYSICS II)..............................................................................................99
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR..............................................................................100
Video tutorials..............................................................................................................102
SERVICE OFFER............................................................................................................103
PRESENTATION.
This is a Physics II Exercise Manual for Engineering, Science and Technology
students taught in the Environmental, Civil, Computer, Electrical, Electronic, Industrial,
Mechanical, Petroleum, Systems and Chemistry Engineering careers of recognized
Universities in Venezuela.
The material presented is in no way original, except for the solution of some
examples, the inclusion of answers to selected exercises and their compilation in response
to the programmatic content of the subject and their order of difficulty.
This manual has been prepared taking as a source the specialized bibliography on
the subject and cited at the end of the work, so the credit and responsibility of the author
only consists of the organization and presentation in an integrated form of information
existing in the literature.
This manual, whose content is limited to the study of the electric field, contains the
theoretical foundations, 52 exercises solved step by step and 169 exercises proposed for
resolution, and is ideal to be used by self-taught and/or free school students (Open
University ) and by students who are taking a university course in Electricity (Physics II),
as well as by professors who are teaching classes in the area of teaching Electricity and
Physics II for Engineering, Science and Technology students.
Before addressing the knowledge involved in this manual, the student must have
taken a course on Electric Force and Coulomb's Law.
The concept of electric field is fundamental in the study of Electricity, as it is the

basis of some definitions involved in the study of this subject (electric field flow and
electric potential), and in this manual the author presents it in a clear and rigorous manner.
the spectrum of situations involved in the management of the electric field both in the
plane and in space and due to point charges and continuous charge distributions.
Once the knowledge involved in this manual is understood, the student can without
much difficulty address the topic corresponding to the flow of electric field and Gauss's
law.
Finally, we are infinitely grateful for the dispensation and attention to this modest
contribution in the teaching and learning of Physics and Electricity, as well as any
suggestions you may have to improve this work, which can be sent directly by telephone:
+58-424-9744352 or +58-426-2276504, email: medinawj@udo.edu.ve or
medinawj@gmail.com , twitter: @medinawj or in person in the Mathematics section,
Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo de Monagas .
Eng. Willians Medina.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR.
Willians Medina (Barcelona, 1972) is a Chemical Engineer (1997), graduated from

the Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo de Anzoátegui, Venezuela and recently (2016)
completed his studies leading to the degree of Magister Scientiarum in Administrative
Sciences with a mention in Finance at the Núcleo de Monagas from the same University. He
was awarded a scholarship by LAGOVEN SA (Subsidiary of Petróleos de Venezuela,
PDVSA) to pursue his undergraduate university studies and during the course of his
university career he served as a teaching trainer in the area of Chemistry I and Applied
Thermodynamics Laboratory of the Engineering degree. Chemistry from the
aforementioned University. In 1996 he entered the Venezuelan Oil Industry (PDVSA),
holding the position of Process Engineer at the Orimulsión Production Plant, in Morichal,
south of the Monagas State until 1998, at which time he began his performance in the same
corporation as Gas Management Engineer at the Jusepín Operational Complex, in the north
of Monagas State until the end of 2000. During 2001 he was part of the Comprehensive
Training Plan (PIA) in San Tomé, Anzoátegui State, where he received comprehensive
preparation courses in the areas of oil and gas production and management, finally moving
to the Management Management of Gas del Norte. of the Monagas State, in the town of
Punta de Mata, being responsible for the anticorrosive chemical treatment of gas pipelines
in the oil and gas production area until the end of 2002. Since 2006, he has been part of the
Staff of Mathematics Teachers, assigned to the Department of Sciences, Basic Courses Unit
of the Monagas Nucleus of the Universidad de Oriente (UDO), a position in which he has
taught subjects such as Mathematics I (Calculus Differential), Mathematics II (Integral
Calculus), Mathematics III (Vectoral Calculus), Mathematics IV (Differential Equations),
Numerical Methods, Thermodynamics, Phenomena

Transportation and Statistics for Engineering students. The author of video tutorials for
teaching mathematics in the area of limits, derivatives and differential equations through the
portal http://www.tareasplus.com/ and is also the author of compendiums of proposed
exercises, solved exercises and forms in the area of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry,
Vector Mechanics, Numerical Methods, Thermodynamics, Statistics, Design of
Experiments, Transport Phenomena, Fluid Mechanics and Economic Engineering. In his
written works, Eng. Medina has demonstrated his ability to integrate knowledge in the area
of engineering education, as well as the rigorous and detailed analysis in the approach and
solution of exercises in each subject he addresses, being considered a prolific professional in
the generation of useful academic material for Engineering students and recognized
personally and through his writings as an important reference for consultation by students
and professors. Currently (2017) he has undertaken the project of disseminating his written
works in the aforementioned areas through the Internet publicly and free (online reading-
only version and with limited privileges) on the page http://www
.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ , in which it has an average of 3,500 daily visits, and
privately (full version) through the corporation http://www.amazon.com/ . He is a member
of the College of Engineers of Venezuela.

2.1. - DEFINITION OF ELECTRICAL FIELD.

Relationship between electric force and electric field.
The electric field at a point is defined as the electric force experienced by a test charge q 0 at
that point, divided by the charge q 0 . That is, the electric field at a certain point is equal to
the electric force per unit charge that a charge experiences at that point:
F
E = (definition of electric field as electric force per unit charge) q 0
If the electric field at a certain point is known, the above equation is rearranged to give the
force experienced by a point charge q 0 placed at that point. This force is equal to the
electric field produced at that point by charges other than q 0 , multiplied by the charge q 0 :
F = q 0 E (the force exerted on a point charge q 0 by an electric field E)
The charge q 0 can be positive or negative. If q 0 is positive, the force experienced by the
charge has the same direction as if q 0 is negative, and they have opposite directions.
Example 2.1.
Determine the intensity of a uniform electric field so that it produces a force F = 1.2 x 10 4 N
i - 4.5 x 10 4 N j , on a charge q = 8 u C.
Solution.
Example 2.2.
A charge q - 50
u C is located in a region that has a uniform electric field
AND -2.5 N/C i + 4 N/C j + 10 N/C k . Determine the force that said field exerts on the
charge.
Solution.
Suggested exercises.
1. What are the magnitude and direction of the electric force on an electron in a uniform
electric field of magnitude 1920 N/C pointing east?
Answer: F = - 3.08 x 10 -16 N i
6
2. [RH] Moist air splits (its molecules become ionized) in an electric field of 3.0 X 10
N/C. What is the magnitude of the electric force on a) an electron and b) on an ion (with

only one electron missing) in this field?

Answer: E = 4.8065 N/A
3. The electric force on a charge of 4.20
u C is F = (7.22 X 10 4N) j . What is the
electric field at the position of the charge?
Answer: E = (171.90 N/C) j
4. [TM] When a control charge q 0 = 2 u C is placed at the origin, it experiences the action
of a force of 8.0 X 10 4 N in the positive direction of the y axis. a) What is the electric field at
the origin? b) What would be the force that would be exerted on a charge of -4
uC
located at the origin? c) If this force were due to a load located on the y axis at y = 3 cm,
what would be the value of said load?
Answer: a) E = (400 N/C) j ; b) F = ( — 1.6 X 10 3 N) j
5. [RH] Two large parallel conducting plates are separated by a distance of 12.0 cm and
carry equal but opposite charges on their front surfaces. An electron placed halfway between
them experiences a force of 3.90 X 1015 N. Calculate the electric field at the position of the
electron.
Answer: E x = 2.4341 X 10 4 N/A
6. [RH] A distance of 11.7 cm separates two point charges of magnitude q v = 2.16 u C and
q 2 = 85.3 nC. a) Obtain the magnitude of the electric field that one produces at the site of the
other. b) Obtain the magnitude of the force on them.
Answer: a) E x = 1.4182 X 10 6 N/C , E 2 = 5.6003 X 10 4 N/C ; b) F = 0.1210 N
2.2. - ELECTRICAL FIELD DUE TO POINT CHARGES.
Electric field due to an electric charge.
Example 2.3. Tipler's Problem 37. Sixth edition. Page 723.
A load of 4.0

u C is at the origin. What is the magnitude and direction of the electric

field along the x axis at a) x = 6 m and b) x = –10 m? c) Make a diagram of the function E x
with respect to

to x , for both positive and negative values of x . (Remember that Ex is

negative when E points in the negative direction of the x. )
Solution.
7. Determine the electric field produced by a point charge of 4.5
u C at a point P
located 14 cm from it.
Answer: E = 2.0663 x 10 6 N/A
8. At what distance from a point charge q = 50
u C, the electric field has an intensity
of 200 N/C?
Answer: r = 47.43 m
9. [RH] What is the magnitude of a point charge chosen so that the electric field 75.0 cm
away has magnitude 2.30 N/C?
Answer: 144 pC
Electric field due to multiple electric charges.
Example 2.4.
Two charges q 1 and q 2 when combined give a total charge of 6 x 10 6 C . When they are 3 m
apart, the force exerted by one load on the other has a value of 8 x 10 3 N. Determine the
electric field that acts on each charge.
Solution.
Example 2.5.
There are two electric charges: q A = 3 x 10 6 C q B = 2 x 10 6 C, located in the same vacuum
and in a straight line separated by a distance of 10 cm as shown in the figure. Calculate the
resulting electric field at point C.
qA qB q0 EE
AB
EITH
ER- ---------•---EITHER
c
<
10cm_________>e 5 cm
Solution.
Example 2.6.
There are two electric charges q = 3 x 10 C and unknown q 2 , separated from each other at a
5
distance of 8 cm. Point C is on the same line as the previous ones and 4 cm to the right of q 2
. If the resulting electric field at point C due to the effect of the two charges is 1.3125 x 10 8
N/C, calculate the magnitude of q 2 .

Solution.
q1 q 2 q 0 EE
•--------------------and---------EITHER ..c
< 8cm
-------------->4 4cm c
Solution.
Example 2.7.
Two particles of charges q x = - 4 x io -6 c and q 2 = 9 x 10 6 C are 2 meters apart.
a) At what point is the electric field zero?
b) Yes 2 -9
u C, At what point would the electric field be zero?
q q 2
Solution.
10. [RH] The charges + q and –2 q are fixed and separated at a distance d as seen in the
figure. Find E at points A , B , and C.
PHYSICS II..............................................................................................................................1
CONTENT...........................................................................................................................2
PRESENTATION................................................................................................................5
ABOUT THE AUTHOR......................................................................................................7

2.1. - DEFINITION OF ELECTRICAL FIELD...........................................................9

Example 2.1......................................................................................................................9
Example 2.2......................................................................................................................9
Electric field due to an electric charge............................................................................10
Example 2.6....................................................................................................................13
Example 2.8....................................................................................................................20
Example 2.18. Modification of Exercise Guide Prof. Amenayda Figueredo. Period.....27
II-90................................................................................................................................27
EITHER..........................................................................................................................31
Example 2.22..................................................................................................................35
—4..................................................................................................................................36
Electric dipole.................................................................................................................44
Movement of charges in an electric field........................................................................48
Example 2.27..................................................................................................................48
Example 2.36..................................................................................................................72
Figueroa. Fifth edition. Page 75......................................................................................77
Flat sheets.......................................................................................................................82
Example 2.43..................................................................................................................82


Example 2.48..................................................................................................................89
Example 2.49..................................................................................................................90
Example 2.50. Repulsion between a disk and a bar. Problem PR-2.24 of Figueroa. Fifth
edition. Page 78. Problem 86 of Córdova. Page 52........................................................90
Example 2.52..................................................................................................................95
BIBLIOGRAPHY..............................................................................................................97
TITLES OF THE SERIES SOLVED PROBLEMS AND ELECTRICITY PROPOSALS
(PHYSICS II).....................................................................................................................99
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR...............................................................................100
Video tutorials...............................................................................................................102
SERVICE OFFER............................................................................................................103
11. Two point charges Q x = 2

u C and Q 2 -5
u C are separated by a distance of 5 cm.

If Q 1 is located to the left of Q 2 , say where (to the right, to the left or in the center), the
electric field produced by the two charges is zero. Determine the exact distance from Q 1 at
which the field vanishes.
Answer: At a distance of 0.086 m from the charge Q 1 and 0.136 m from the charge Q 2 12 .
[TM] Two point charges, each + 4
u C are on the x axis, one at the
origin and the other at x = 8 m. Find the electric field along the x axis at a) x = –2 m, b) x = 2
m, c) x = 6 m. and d) x = 10 m. e) At what point on the x- axis is the electric field zero? f)
Make a diagram of Ex as a function of x in the interval –3.0 < x < 11 m.

Answer: a) E = (9360 N/C) i , E = (8000 N/C) i ; b) At the point equidistant from the
charges 13 . Three particles of charge qa = +14 nC, qb = –26 nC and qc = +21 nC are
arranged in a straight line. Particle b is between a and c , at a distance of 120 mm from a
and 160 mm from c . Determine the electric field produced by particles a and c at the
position of particle b . Determine the electric field produced by particles a and b at the
position of particle c .
Answer: E = (1365.29 N/C) i , E = (–390.08 N/C) i
14. Two charges of opposite signs are 12 cm apart. The magnitude of the electrical intensity
at the midpoint between the charges is 5 X 10 6 N/C . The algebraic sum of the two charges is
+ 4
u C . Determine the value of the charges.
Answer: q = 3 X 10 6 C , q 2 = - 10 -
6 C
15. [MA] We have two point charges, 5 u C and— 10
u C, distant 1 m. a) Find the
magnitude and direction of the electric field at a point located 0.6 m from the first charge
and 0.8 m from the second. b) Find the point where the electric field of these two charges is
zero.
16. [RS] In the figure, determine the point (other than infinity) at which the electric field is
equal to zero.

1.00m
- 2.50 u C 6.00 u C
Answer: At 1.8209 m from the load q = - 2.50

u C and 2.8209 m of the load q^ = 6.00
uC
17. Two charges 3 q and –7 q are 50 cm apart. Determine: a) The point (or points) where
the intensity of the electric field is zero. b) The intensity of the electric field at the point (or
points) where it is equal due to each charge.
q q2
1
50cm
Answer: a) At 94.78 m from the charge 3 q and 144.78 m from the charge –7 q ; b) x =
19.78 cm 18 . [RH] In the figure, locate the point (or points) where the electric field is zero.
PHYSICS II..............................................................................................................................1
CONTENT...........................................................................................................................2
PRESENTATION................................................................................................................5
ABOUT THE AUTHOR......................................................................................................7
2.1. - DEFINITION OF ELECTRICAL FIELD...........................................................9
Example 2.1......................................................................................................................9
Example 2.2......................................................................................................................9
Electric field due to an electric charge............................................................................10
Example 2.6....................................................................................................................13
Example 2.8....................................................................................................................20

Example 2.18. Modification of Exercise Guide Prof. Amenayda Figueredo. Period.....27

II-90................................................................................................................................27
EITHER..........................................................................................................................31
Example 2.22..................................................................................................................35
—4..................................................................................................................................36
Electric dipole.................................................................................................................44
Movement of charges in an electric field........................................................................48
Example 2.27..................................................................................................................48
Example 2.36..................................................................................................................72
Figueroa. Fifth edition. Page 75......................................................................................77
Flat sheets.......................................................................................................................82
Example 2.43..................................................................................................................82
Example 2.48..................................................................................................................89
Example 2.49..................................................................................................................90
edition. Page 78. Problem 86 of Córdova. Page 52........................................................90
Example 2.52..................................................................................................................95
BIBLIOGRAPHY..............................................................................................................97

TITLES OF THE SERIES SOLVED PROBLEMS AND ELECTRICITY PROPOSALS

(PHYSICS II).....................................................................................................................99
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR...............................................................................100
Video tutorials...............................................................................................................102
SERVICE OFFER............................................................................................................103
Answer: At 2.7208 a from charge 2 q and 3.7208 a from charge –5 q

19. [TM] A point charge of + 5
u C is located at x = –3.0 cm, and a second charge
point of —8 u C is located at x = 4.0 cm. Where should a third charge of 6 be placed?
u C so that the electric field at x = 0 is zero?
Answer: At x = 2.38 cm
20. A charge q 1 of + 8
u C is located at x = 0 and at x = 35 mm another charge is located
q 2 . The electric field intensity at x = 45 mm is 2 X 10 7 N/C with the same direction of the x
axis. Determine the point where the electric field intensity is zero. Answer: q = —1.7253 X
107C, x = 76.02 mm
21. A charge q 1 of + 4
u C is located at x = 0 and another charge is located at x = 45 mm
q 2 . The electric field intensity at x = 55 mm is 3.5 X 10 7 N/C with the same direction of the
x axis. Determine the point where the electric field intensity is zero.
Answer: q = 2.5720 x 10 7 C , x = 9.10 mm

22. [TM] Three point charges of –5.00, +3.00 and 5.00 are placed
u C on the x axis at the
points x = –1.00 cm, x = 0 and x = +1.00 cm, respectively. Calculate the electric field in the
x axis for x = 15 cm. Are there points where the magnitude of the electric field is zero? If so,

what points are they?

Answer: E x = 1.7357 x 10 6 N/C , x = –6.95 cm
23. [TM] A charge of — 3.0
u C is located at the origin; a second load of 4.0
u C is located at x = 0.2 m, y = 0, and a third charge Q is located at x = 0.32 m, y = 0.
The force acting on the load of 4.0
u C is 240 N, in the positive x direction.
to)
Determine the charge Q. b) With this configuration of three charges, at what point along the
x direction is the electric field zero?
Answer: Q = 9.7312 x 10 — 5 C , x = 0.0508 cm
Systems involving gravitational force.
Example 2.8.
[MA] What must be the charge of a particle of mass 2 g for it to remain at rest in the
laboratory when placed where the electric field is directed downward and has an intensity of
500 N/C?
Solution.
Example 2.9.
A point mass “ m ” that has a charge “ q ” is hanging from a thread of negligible mass . If a
uniform electric field is established in the horizontal direction as shown in the figure and the
mass is maintained in equilibrium at an angle a with the vertical, determine the angle that
the thread acquires with respect to the vertical. Take: m = 20 g, q -2
4
u C, E = 2 x 10 N/C. What happens if the direction of the field is
changed? What happens if the direction of the load is changed?

Solution.
24. [RS] What will be the magnitude and direction of the electric field that balances the
weight of a) an electron and b) a proton?
Answer: a) 55.8 pN/C below; b) 102 nN/C up
25. [RH] An alpha particle, the nucleus of a helium atom, has a mass of 6.64 X 10 27 kg and
a charge of +2 e . What magnitude and direction of the electric field will balance its weight?
Answer: E = 2.0328 X 10-7 N/A
26. [RH] In a uniform electric field near the Earth's surface a downward electric force of
3.0 X 10 6 N acts on a particle with a charge of — 2.0 X 10 9 C. a) Determine the electric
field. b) What is the magnitude and direction of the electric force exerted on a proton placed
in this field? c) What is the gravitational force exerted on the proton? d) What is the ratio of
the electric force to the gravitational force in this case?
Answer: a) E = 1500 N/C; b) F e = 2.40 X 10-1o N ; c) F g = 1.64 X 10 — 26 N ; d) 1.46 X 10 10
27. [TM] The Earth has an electric field near its surface that is approximately 150 N/C and
is directed downward. a) Compare the upward electrical force exerted on an electron with
the downward gravitational force. b) What charge would a 3 g coin have to have for the
electric field to balance its weight near the Earth's surface?
Answer: a) F e = 2.40 X 10 -17 N , F g = 8.94 X 10 30 N ; b) q = 1.962 X 10 — 4 C
28. [RH] In Millikan's experiment, a drop of radius 1.64 u m and a
3 5
density 0.851 g/cm when an electric field of 1.92 X 10 N/C is applied. Calculate the
charge on the drop in terms of e .
Answer: 5e

29. A sphere of mass “ m ” that has a charge “ q ” is located on an inclined plane that forms
an angle O with the horizontal as shown in the figure. Show that for the mass to remain in
equilibrium, a field mg must be established
q
uniform electric in horizontal direction and west direction of value E — — g tan O i .
30. [RS] A cork ball loaded with 1.00 g of mass is suspended from a very light thread in a
uniform electric field, as shown in the figure. When E — (3.00 i + 5.00 j ) X 10 5 N/C, the
ball is in equilibrium at O — 37.0º. Determine a) the charge on the ball and b) the tension in
the string.
AND
E
3q
Answer: q = 10.9 nC, T = 5.44 nN
31. [DF] Two identical spheres of mass m and equal and opposite charges of magnitude q
are suspended by light strings of length L. A uniform field is applied in the x direction and
the two spheres are placed in equilibrium when the threads form an angle O. Determine the
magnitude of the electric field.

A
N
D
kq mg tan O
Answer: E =
4 L sin 2
2
d q
32. [RS] A 1.00 g cork ball with a charge of 2.00
u C is suspended
vertically from a light thread 0.500 m long in a uniform downward directed electric field of
magnitude E = 1.00 x 10 5 N/C. If it is slightly displaced from the vertical, the ball swings
like a simple pendulum. a) Determine the period of this oscillation. b) Should gravity forces
be included in the calculation in part a? Say why.
Answer: a) 0.307 s; b) Yes
33. [TM] A simple pendulum of length 1.0 m and mass 5 x 10 3 kg is placed in a uniform
electric field of mass E that is directed vertically upward. The “lentil” of the pendulum has a
charge q - 8.0
u C. The period of the pendulum is 1.2 s. Determine
the module and direction of the electric field.
Answer: E = (2858.82 N/C) j
Electric field due to multiple electric charges in the plane.
Example 2.10.
Two charges are placed at the vertices of a triangle as shown in the figure. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the resulting electric field on the lower vertex (point P ), where
9
q 1 = 8 x 10-9c, q 2 = - 15 x 10 -
C.

Solution.
Example 2.11.
Three charges + Q , –2 Q , – Q , are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle with
side “ L ”. Find the resulting field at the midpoint of the base.
Solution.
Example 2.12. Modification of Problem 7 of the Serway. Seventh edition. Page 666.
In the figure, two point charges are located located at the corners of an equilateral triangle.
Calculate the net electric field over:
a) The upper vertex (Point P ).
b) the center of distribution.
Q
/ 0.50m
g. 60º .
2.0uC - 4.0 u C
Solution.
Example 2.13.
In the figure there are electric charges whose values are: q -2 u C, q 2 -5 u C,
q=+7
u C y. Find the module of the resulting field on the upper vertex (Point P ) due to
the charges.

60º Lo
-q
-q 12cm 2 + q3
Solution.
Example 2.14.
Three charges of the same absolute value q are arranged at the vertices of a square with side
L , as shown in the figure.
-q
q
Calculate the electric field at the lower left vertex (Point P ).

Solution.
Example 2.15. Serway Problem 17. Seventh edition. Page 667.
At the corners of a square with side a , as shown in the figure, there are four charged
particles. a) Determine the magnitude and direction of the electric field at the location of the
charge q . b) What is the total electric force exerted on q ?

2
q
3 Or
q
Solution. 4q
Four charges of the same value are arranged at the vertices of a square with side L , as seen
in the figure. Show that the electric field due to the four charges at the midpoint of one side
of the square is directed along that side toward the negative charge and that its E value is
8 kq ( 1 ^
-q —2- 1 -—— I
q L2l1 5
At 5J
Solution.
Example 2.17.
Electric charges of equal value, q , are placed on five vertices of a regular hexagon. What
charge Q must be placed in the center of the hexagon so that the electric field at the
remaining vertex is zero?

Solution.
Example 2.18. Modification of Exercise Guide Prof. Amenayda Figueredo. Period
II-90.
Eight spheres of charge q are distributed at relative angles of 4 around a circle of radius R.
Calculate the electric field on the axis of the circle at a distance x from its center. Determine
the direction and magnitude of the total force acting on the charge Q.
Solution.
Example 2.19. Modification of Exercise Guide Prof. Amenayda Figueredo. Period II-
90. Resnick's Problem 11. Fifth edition. Page 586. Problem PR-1.32 of Figueroa. Page
39.
Two equal positive point charges are held apart a fixed distance 2 a . A test point charge q 0
is placed in a plane normal to the line joining the charges and halfway between them. a)
Determine the radius r of the circle in this plane in which the field

that operates on the test particle reaches its maximum value. b) The direction of the electric
field.
2a
Solution.
34. [RS] Three charged particles are aligned along the x axis, as shown in the figure.
Determine the electric field at a) position (2.00,0) and b) (0,2.00).
Answer: a) E = (24.21 N/C) i ; b) E = (–4.21 N/C) i + (8.42 N/C) j .
.500m 0.80m
–4.00 nC 5.00 nC 3.00 nC x
35. Three point charges are arranged as shown in the figure. a) Find the electric field vector
that the 6 nC and –3 nC charges jointly create at the origin. b) Find the force vector on the 5
nC charge.
0.35m
5nC
6nC x
0.2
– 3nC

Answer: a) E = (–440.21 N/C) i + (–674.07 N/C) j

b) F = ( - 2.2010 x 10 6 i - 3.3703 x 10 6 j ) N
36. Two electric charges q = 4 x 10 -

5 C and q 2 -3 x 10 5 C are at the ends of a
right triangle. Determine the intensity of the electric field at: a) Point C, b) The midpoint of
the hypotenuse, c) Where it is zero according to the line that joins the charges.
q1
8cm
Answer: to E = (4.2129 x 10 7 i - 1.6852 x 10 8 j ) N/C ; b)

8 ) 8
E = (2.56 x 10 i - 1.48 x 10 j ) N/C ; c) At 59.71 cm from the charge q 2 and 68.95 cm from
the charge q 1 on the line joining q 1 and q 2
37. Three particles with charges qa = –35 nC, qb = +25 nC and qc = –40 nC, are placed at
the corners of a triangle. Particle a is in the 90 degree corner, at a distance of 18 cm from b
and 24 cm from c . Place the coordinate system centered on a , b on the x- axis and c on the
y- axis, determine a) the electric field produced by particles b and c at the position of
particle a , b) the electric field produced by the particles a and b in the position of c .
Answer: a) E = (6934.84 i – 6241.36 j ) N/A; b) E = (1497.93 i + 3463.95 j ) N/A
38. Three charged particles are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle with sides
1.20 m. Loads are 7.0
u C, — 8.8
u C y— 6.0
u C. Starting at the top vertex with the
first charge, calculate the magnitude and direction of the net electric field at the position of
the top charge and at the center of the triangle.
39. [RS] At the vertices of an equilateral triangle there are three charges as shown in the
figure. a) Calculate the electric field at the position of the 2.00 charge.
u C due to

field loads 7.00

u C and de — 4.00
u C. b) Use the answer from part a) to
Determine the force exerted on the 2.00 u C charge.
7.0 u C
/' 0.50m
g. 60º to
2.0uC — 4.0 u C
Answer: E = (18.0 x 10 3 i — 218 x 10 3 j ) N/A

40. In an equilateral triangle with a side of 6 cm, three electric charges are placed whose
values are: q, = 4 x 106 c, q 2 = — 5 x 10 6 C, q 3 = — 3 x 10 6 C. Determine the intensity of the
electric field at the midpoint of the AC side.
q1
/ \q 3
3
TO c
Answer: 7.20 x 10 7 N/A

41. Three particles with equal charges q are at the corners of an equilateral triangle with
side d , determine the electric field at a) the center of the triangle and b) at the midpoint of
one of its sides.

q q
EITHER---------------EITHER
d
4 kq
Answer: a) 0; b) E = —2 2
3d
42. [TM] Two point particles with charge q each are placed at the base of an equilateral
triangle with side L (Figure). A third point particle of charge 2 q is placed at the other
vertex. Where should we place a fourth point charge q so that the electric field at the center
of the triangle would be zero? (The center is in the plane of the triangle and equidistant from
the three vertices).
2q
EITHER
q q
EITHER---------------EITHER
l
Answer: At a distance 3 d from the center on the line that joins the charge 2 q with the
center and on the opposite side to the charge 2 q
43. [TM] Two point particles with charge q each are placed at the base of an equilateral
triangle with side L (Figure). A third point particle of charge 2 q is placed at the other
vertex. A fourth point charge q ' is placed at the midpoint of the base, such that the electric
field at the center of the triangle is zero. What is the value of q '? (The center is in the plane
of the triangle and equidistant from the three vertices).

2q
Answer: q' = 1 q
44. a) Determine the electric field at the origin due to the two charges at A and B. b) repeat
part a) but now considering that the charge on B is of the opposite sign.
Answer: a) E = - kq 2( kq
A 3 i + 3 j ); b) E = kqL(
A 3 i + J)
2l
45. [PT] Two equal and opposite charges, + q and – q , are placed at the corners of the base
of an equilateral triangle whose sides have length a. Show that the magnitude of the electric
field intensity at the upper vertex is the same, with or without the presence of one of the
charges. What is the angle between the two fields produced in this way?
Answer: E = Kd , 60°
to 2

46. A charge of magnitude q is placed on each of the vertices of a square with edge a .
Determine the magnitude and direction of the electric field at the midpoint of one of the
sides. Suppose q -8.8
u C and a = 0.100 m.
Answer: E = , Directed towards the center of the square. E = 1.1318 x 10 7 N/C

2
5A 5 to
47. Three particles with equal positive charges q occupy corners in a square of side d ,
determine the electric field a) in the center of the square, b) in the vacant corner and c) at the
midpoint of each of the sides of the square.
Answer: AND
= 2kq ( i + j ) ; b) E
=1 + 2 1 kg(, + j ) ; c) Bottom side:
4 kq
5, 5 d 2
( -2 )
i j , Right side:
4 kq
d2 /
>
i
+j
E=
48. [RH] Determine the electric field at the center of the square in the figure. Assume that
q = 11.8 nC and that a = 5.20 cm.
q
O Q-
2q

or 2 q
q 2 . 2 kq
Answer: E =M 2 j , E = (1.1093 x 10 5 j ) N/C a 2
49. [DF] Three point charges Q = - 3 x 10 6 C, Q 2 = 2 x 10 6 c and Q 3 = 10 6 C are at the
corners of a parallelogram, whose sides are a = 3 m and b = 2 m, as shown in the figure.
What is the resulting electric field at the vacant corner?
Answer: E = (1276 i + 2330 j ) N/A

Electric field due to multiple electric charges in the Cartesian plane.
Example 2.20.
Two point charges of 3.0
u C lie on the y- axis of a coordinate system, one in
the origin and the other at y = 6 m. Calculate the electric field along the x axis at x = 8 m.
Calculate
the electric force exerted on a charge q 3 = 2.0
u C placed at that point.
Solution.
Two equal positive charges are on the y axis; one is at y = a and the other at y = – a . a)
Show that the electric field in the x axis is directed along said axis with E x = —2kdX, . b)
Show that in the vicinity of the origin, where x is much ( x 2 + a 2 ) 23
2 kqx 2 kq
less than a, E x « . c) Show that for x much greater than a , E x «
to 3 x2
Explain why it should be expected even before being calculated. d) Demonstrate that the

to
electric field for the distribution of charges has its maximum value at the points x = — E
Example 2.22.
Two point charges q 1 = 6
u C and q -6
2
u C, are located as shown in the figure.

a) What is the magnitude and direction of E at point S ?
b) What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field at point P ?

Solution.
Example 2.23. Modification of Problem 06 of Córdova. Page 23.
The charges and coordinates of two charged particles fixed in the xy plane are: q = + 3
u C,
x 1 = 3.5 cm, y 1 = 0.5 cm, and q 2 = 4
u C, x 2 = –2.0 cm, y 2 = 1.5 cm. At what point is the
electric field zero?
Solution.
50. [TM] A point charge —5
u C is located at x = 4 m, y = –2 m. A second
point load of 12
u C is located at x = 1 m, y = 2 m. a) Determine the magnitude and
direction of the electric field at x = –1 m, y = 0. b) Calculate the magnitude and direction of
the force on an electron located at x = –1 m, y = 0. c) Determine the point at which the
electric field is equal to zero.
Answer: a) E = 1.2949 x 10 4 N/C , d = 231.31° ; b) F = 2.0747 x 10 -15 N , e = 51.31º ; c) x =
12.2834 m, y = –9.2834 m
51. [TM] A point charge 5
u C is located at x = 1 m, y = 3 m and another charge of
—4
u C is located at x = 2 m, y = –2 m. a) Determine the magnitude and direction of the
electric field at x = –3 m, y = 1 m. b) Determine the magnitude and direction of the force on
a proton at x = –3 m, y = 1 m. c) Determine the point at which the electric field is equal to
zero.
Answer: a) E = 1938.90 N/C, e = 226.91° ; b) F = 3.1065 x 10 — 16 N , e = 226.91º ; c) x = 11.4721
m, y = –49.3607 m

52. Determine the resulting electric field at the point P (2,2) if two charges of equal
6
magnitude 3 x 10 C are placed at the points (2,0) and (-2,0) in a Cartesian coordinate
system.
Answer: E = (1205.81 i + 7343.57 j ) N/A

53. Determine the resulting electric field at point P (3,2) if three charges are placed
of equal magnitude q = 10.6 C at the points (3.0), (2.0) and (0.2) in a Cartesian coordinate
system.
Answer: E = (1802.49 i + 3854.63 j ) N/A
54. [RH] In the figure, show that, assuming y >> d , the magnitude of E at point P
1 2q
is given by E
4 n8 0
and 2
55. [TM] Two equal positive charges of value q 1 = q 2 = 6.0 nC are on the y axis at points
y = +3 cm and y = –3 cm. a) What is the value and direction of the electric field on the x axis
at x = 4 cm. b) What is the force exerted on a third charge q 0 = 2 nC located at the point x =
4 cm?
Answer: E = (3.4512 x 10 4 i ) N/A
56. Determine the electric field in the following distributions. qx = 2
u C, q 2 —6
u C,
q -6
u C and q 4 = 10
u C.

Answer: to) E = (2.7885 x 10 7 i + 5.1158 x 10 7 j ) N/C ; b)

E = (1.7975 x 10 8 i + 3.3703 x 10 7 j ) N/C ; c) E = (8.0387 x 10 7 i - 1.7201 x 10 8 j ) N/A 57 .
[TM] Two loads of 3.0
u C are located at x = 0, y = 2.0 m and at x = 0, y = –2.0
m. Two other charges Q are located at x = 4.0 m, y = 2.0 m and at x = 4.0 m, y = –2.0 m.
The electric field at x = 0, y = 0 is (4.0 x 10 3 N/C) i . Determine Q.

6
Answer: Q = 4.98 x 10 -
C
Interaction between multiple electric charges in space.
Example 2.24. Modification of Problem 59 of the Serway. Seventh edition. Page 671.
Resnick's Problem 13. Fifth edition. Page 584. Problem PR-1.21 of Figueroa. Page 29.
Seven charged particles, each of magnitude q , are located at the corners of a cube with edge
a , as seen in the figure. a) Determine the x , y, and z components of the electric field at
point A. b) What are the magnitude and direction of this electric field?

Solution.
Example 2.25.
Points A , C and D represent the location of four charged particles q A = 14 u C,
qc = 21
u C and q D - 14
u C . Obtain the resulting electric field at point B , its
module and address. [ Caution : Carefully observe the orientation of the coordinate axes].
Solution.

58. A particle with charge + 5.8 nC is placed at the origin of coordinates. a) Determine the
Cartesian components of the electric field produced at the points a) (15 cm,0,0), b) (15
cm,15 cm,0), c) (15 cm,15 cm,15 cm) and d) (10cm,20cm,0) . e) Determine E at the same
points.
Answer: a) E = (2316.79 i ) N/A, b) E = (819.11 i + 819.11 j ) N/A, c) E = (445.87 i +
445.87 j + 445.87 k ) N/A, d) E = (466.25 i + 932.49 j ) N/A; e) 2316.79 N/C, 1158.40 N/C,
772.26 N/C, 1042.56 N/C
59. Two point charges q 1 and q 2 are located at two of the vertices of a cube with edge a =
1 cm (See figure). If q 1 = 2
u C and q 2 = 4
u C, calculate the electric field at point P.
Answer: E = ( - 3.946 x 10 8 i + 3.464 x 10 7 j - 3.464 x 10 7 k ) N/A

60. [TC] Calculate the electric field at point A (0,2,2) due to the charges at B (3,4,2) and at
C (3,0,1), knowing that q B = 100 e + ; q C = e – .
61. Points A (4,8,6) and C (5,6,9) represent the location of two charged particles q A = +14
nC, q C = +21 nC. If the coordinates are expressed in mm, obtain the resulting electric field
at point B (2,2,2), its magnitude and direction.
Answer: F B = (288461.54 i – 615384.62 j + 873076.93 k ) N/C, F B = 1107692.31 N/C, a =

74.88º , P = 123.76º , y = 37.87º
62. [WM] Three charges of q - 25
u C, q B = 16
u C and q D = 8
u C are located as shown
indicated in the figure. Determine the resulting electric field at point C.
63. [WM] Four charges whose magnitudes are: q -2

u C, q B —5
u C, q C = 6
u C and
q D = 4 u C are located as indicated in the figure. Determine the resultant force on
qA.

64. [RS] Consider the charge distribution shown in the figure. a) Show that the magnitude
of the electric field at the center of either face of the cube has a 8A 2 kq
value of - . b) What is the direction of the electric field at the center of the face
3A 3 to 2 top of the cube?
Answer: b) k

Electric dipole.
4
A dipole of momentum 5 e nm is placed inside a uniform electric field of value 4.0 X 10
N/C. What is the value of the moment exerted on the dipole when a) the axis of the dipole is
parallel to the electric field, b) the dipole is perpendicular to the electric field, and c) the
dipole makes an angle of 30º with the electric field. d) Determine the potential energy of the
dipole in the electric field in each case.
Solution.
65. [RH] Calculate the dipole moment of an electron and a proton separated by a distance
of 4.30 nm.
Answer: p = 6.89 X 10-28 Cm
66. [TM] Two point charges q 1 = 2 pC and q 2 = –2 pC are separated by a distance of 4
mm. What is the dipole moment of this pair of charges? Make a drawing of the pair and
indicate the direction and sense of the dipole moment.
Answer: p = 8 X 10 15 Cm directed from the negative charge to the positive charge
6
67. An electric dipole of charges q = 2 X 10 C separated by 4 cm is placed within an
electric field of 1 X 10 5 N/C. Determine: a) The moment exerted by the dipole when it forms
an angle of 30º, b) What amount of work must an external agent do to rotate the dipole 60º?
Answer: a) 4 X 10 3J; b) 4 X 10 3 J
5
68. A dipole is placed within an external field of 1 X 10 N/C. If the charges have a
magnitude of 1 X 10 6 C and are 2 cm apart. Determine: a) The moment that the field exerts
on the dipole when it forms an angle of 30°, b) The amount of work that an external agent
must do to make the dipole ½ turn from the collinear position of the field.

Answer: a) 10 3 J ; b) — 2 x 10 — 3 J
69. [RH] Two equal and opposite charges of magnitude 1.88 x 10 7 C are kept at a distance
of 15.2 cm. a) What are the magnitude and direction of E at a point intermediate between
the charges? b) What force (magnitude and direction) would operate on an electron placed
there?
Answer: a) 585 kN/C, towards the negative charge; b) 93.6 fN, towards the positive charge
70. [RS] Consider the electric dipole illustrated in the figure.
4 kqax
a) Show that the electric field at a point on the x- axis is E — — (x2— a 2 )
i.
2
2 kqa
b) Show that the electric field at a point on the y- axis is E = 2 2
( a 3+a ) 3
c) Show that the electric field at a distant point on the x axis is nd 4 kqa
E x3 x 5
d) Show that the electric field at a distant point on the y - axis is 2 kqa
Hey

71. [RH] In the load configuration of the figure show that, assuming that r >> d .
E ( r ) at points on the horizontal axis is given by E
< —d
[Hint: The charge configuration can be thought of as the sum of an isolated charge and a
dipole]
6
72. A dipole has charges of magnitude 1 X 10 C separated by a distance of 2 cm.
Determine: a) The electric field in the line that joins the charges at a distance of 4 cm from
the positive charge, b) The electric field in the perpendicular bisector of the line that joins
them at a distance of 4 cm.
either
2cm
Answer: a) 1.69.10 7 N/A ; b) 8.35.10 6 N/A

73. [MA] In a rectangular coordinate system a charge of 25 X 10 9 C is placed at the origin
9
and another charge of — 25 X 10 C is placed at the point x = 6 m, y = 0. What is the
electric field a) at x = 3 m, y = 0?, b) at x = 3 m, y = 4 m?

with 16
74. A dipole centered at the origin is formed by two particles, one a charge of + .
Determine p (bipolar moment). Determine the

75. electric field produced by the dipole in the xy plane at a distance of 1

u m of the origin.
Solve the previous part for a distance of 2
u m.
Answer: p = 1.312 x 1028 Cm , E = 1.1791 N/C, E = 0.1474 N/C
76. A dipole with moment p = 2 aqk is centered at the origin. Determine E along the z axis
at points away from the dipole, z >> a . Tip: Use the series expansion of a binomial.
77. [RH] A type of electric quadrupole is made up of four charges located at the vertices of
a square of side 2 a . Point P is at a distance x from the center of the quadrupole on a line
parallel to both sides of the square, as shown in the figure. When x >> a , show that the
electric field at P is given approximately by
3(2 qa 2 )
E= . (Hint: treat the quadrupole as two dipoles.)
2 ^s x 4
2
78. [RH] The figure shows aa type of electric quadrupole. It is made up of two dipoles
whose effects on the external points do not completely cancel each other. Show that the
value of E about the quadrupole axis at points a distance x from its center (suppose x >> d )
3Q
is given by E =--------—4 where Q = 2 qd is the quadrupole moment of the distribution
4ns x 4
load.

Movement of charges in an electric field.

Example 2.27.
[MA] Between two flat, parallel plates charged with equal charges and opposite signs, there
is a uniform electric field. An electron is released from the surface of the negative plate and
collides with the surface of the opposite plate, 2.0 cm distant from the first, in an interval of
–8
1.5 X 10 seconds. a) Calculate the electric field between the plates, b) calculate the speed
of the electron when it collides with the plate.
Solution.
6
An electron has an initial velocity of 2 X 10 m/s in the x -axis direction. It enters the
interior of a uniform electric field E = 300 N/C j that has the y direction. a) Find the
acceleration of the electron. b) How long will it take the electron to travel 10 cm in the x
direction? c) What will be the magnitude and direction of the speed of the electron after
having traveled 10 cm in the x direction?
Solution.
Example 2.29.
[MA] An electron is launched into a uniform electric field of intensity 5000 N/C directed
vertically downwards. The initial velocity of the electron is 10 7 m/s and it makes an angle
of 30° above the horizontal. a) Calculate the time required for the electron to reach its

maximum height. b) Calculate the maximum elevation it reaches from its initial position. c)
What horizontal distance does the electron travel to reach its initial level? d) Draw the path
of the electron.
Solution.
79. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration experienced by an electron in an electric
field of 576 N/C. How does the direction of the acceleration depend on the direction of the
field at that point?
Answer: a = 1.01 x 10 14 m/s 2
80. [MA] Between the deflection plates of a cathode ray oscilloscope, there is an electric
field of 30,000 N/C. a) What force is exerted on an electron placed in this region? b) What
acceleration does the electron acquire due to this force? Compare it to the acceleration of
gravity.
Answer: E = 4.8065 x 10-15 N , a = 5.2764x 10 15 m/s 2
81. [RH] A weapon, considered in anti-missile defense, uses particle beams. For example,
a proton beam hitting an enemy missile could completely nullify it. The beams can be
produced in “weapons” that use electric fields to accelerate charged particles. a) What
acceleration will a proton experience if the electric field is 2.16 x 10 4 N/C? b) What speed
will the proton reach if the field acts over a distance of 1.22 cm?
Answer: a) a = 2.0690 x 10 12 m/s2; b) v = 2.2469 x 10 5 m/s
82. [RH] An electric field accelerates an electron eastward at 1.84 x 10 9 m/s 2 . Determine
the magnitude and direction of the field.
Answer: E = ( - 1.0462 x 10 2 N/C) i
83. What is the intensity of the electric field at a point in space where a proton experiences
an acceleration of 1.8 million due to gravity?
Answer: E = 1.8434 x 10 - 7
N/A
84. [TM] The acceleration of a particle in an electric field depends on the charge/mass ratio
of the particle. a) Calculate e / m for an electron. b) What is the magnitude and direction of

the acceleration of an electron in a uniform electric field of value 100 N/C. c) When the
speed of an electron approaches the speed of light c , should relativistic mechanics be used
to determine its motion; However, at speeds well below c , Newtonian mechanics can be
used. Calculate, with Newton's mechanics, the time it takes for an electron, starting from
rest in an electric field of value 100 N/C, to reach a speed of 0.01 c . d) How far will the
electron travel in that time?
Answer: a) e / m = 1.7588 x 10 11 C/kg; b) a = 1.7588 x 10 11 m/s 2 (opposite the electric field); c) t =
1.7045 x 107 s ; d) d = 0.2554 m
85. [TM] The acceleration of a particle in an electric field depends on its charge/mass ratio.
a) Calculate e/m for a proton and find its acceleration in a uniform electric field of value 100
N/C. b) Find the time it takes for a proton initially at rest in said field to reach the speed of
0.01 c ( c being the speed of light). (When the speed of the proton approaches that of light,
relativistic kinematics must be used to calculate the motion; however, for a speed 0.01 c or
less, classical kinematics is a sufficient approximation.
Answer: a) e / m = 9.5788 x 10 7 C/kg ; a = 9.5788 x 10 9 m/s 2 ; b) t = 3.1297 x 10 4 s
86. [MA] A charge of 2.5 x 10 8 C. It is placed in a uniform electric field of intensity 5.0 x 10
4
N/C directed upward. What is the work that the electric force does on the charge when it
moves a) 45 cm to the right? b) 80 cm down? c) 260 cm at an angle of 45º above the
horizontal?
87. [RH] A 115 eV electron is fired toward a large flat sheet of plastic whose surface
charge density is — 2.08
2
u C/m . How far should we shoot it so it
doesn't hit the blade? (Disregard relativistic effects).
Answer: d = 9.79 x 10 4 m
88. [RS] A uniform electric field exists in a region between two oppositely charged plates.
An electron is released from rest on the surface of a negatively charged plate and 14.7 ns
later hits the surface of the opposite plate, 1.95 cm away. a) What speed does the electron
travel when it hits the second plate? b) What is the magnitude of the electric field?
Answer: a) v f = 2.6531 x 10 6 m/s ; b) 1026.14 N/A

89. [RS] A proton is projected in the positive x direction into a region of a uniform electric
5
field E - 6.00 x 10 i N/C at time t = 0. The proton travels a distance of 7.00 cm before
coming to rest. Determine a) the acceleration of the proton, b) its initial speed and c) the
time interval in which the proton remains at rest.
Answer: a = 1.0553 x 10 17 m/s 2 ; b) v 0 = 1.2155 x 10 8 m/s ; c) t = 1.1518 x 10-9 s
6
90. An electron with an initial velocity Vo = 27.5 x 10 m/s travels parallel to a uniform
electric field of magnitude E = 11.4 x 10 3 N/C. a) How far will the electron travel before
stopping? b) How long will it take for it to return to the starting point?
Answer: a) d = 0.1886 m; b) t = 1.3715 x 10 8 s
6
91. [RH] An electron moving with a speed 4.86 x 10 m/s is fired parallel to a uniform
electric field of magnitude 1030 N/C, arranged so as to retard the movement. a) How far
will the electron travel in the field before stopping (momentarily) and b) How much time
will pass? C) If the electric field ends abruptly after 7.88 mm, what fraction of its kinetic
energy will the electron lose as it passes through it?
Answer: a) 6.53 cm; b) 26.9 ns; c) 0.121
92. [TM] An electron starting from rest is accelerated by the action of a uniform electric
field E -1.50 x 10 10 N/C j . After the electron travels 1.0
um , what is
your speed? Neglect the gravitational force on the electron.
Answer: v = 7.2639 x 10 3 m/s
93. [RS] A proton is accelerated from rest in a uniform electric field of 640 N/C. Shortly
after, its speed is 1.20 Mm/s (non-relativistic, since v is much smaller than the speed of
light) a) Determine the acceleration of the proton. b) In what time interval does the proton
reach this speed? c) What distance does it travel in that time interval? d) What is its kinetic
energy at the end of the interval?
Answer: 6.13 X 10 13 m/s 2 ; b) 19.5
us

94. [TM] A mass of 2 g located in a region of uniform electric field E = 300 N/C i contains
a charge Q. The mass, released from rest at x = 0, has a kinetic energy of 0.12 J at x = 0.50
m. Determine the charge Q.
Answer: Q = 8 X 104 C
95. [RS] The electrons in a particle beam each have a kinetic energy K. What are the
magnitude and direction of the electric field that will stop these electrons at a distance d ?
Answer: K / ed in the direction of movement
96. [RS] Between two parallel plates separated by 4.00 cm, there is a uniform electric field
of magnitude 640 N/C. Simultaneously, a proton is released from the positive plate and an
electron from the negative plate. a) Determine the distance to the positive plate at the
moment they cross each other. (Ignore the electrical attraction between the proton and the
electron.) b) Repeat part a) now with a sodium ion (Na + ) and with a chlorine ion (Cl – ).
Answer: a) 21.8
u m ; b) 2.43 cm
97. [DF] Between two large parallel metal plates separated by a distance d = 10 cm there is
a uniform electric field. An electron is released from the negative plate and simultaneously a
proton is released from the positive plate. The interaction force between the two particles
and the force of gravity are neglected. Where do the two particles intersect?
Answer: 5.45 X 10-5 m
98. An electron is launched with an initial velocity of 1 X 10 7 m/s into a uniform electric
field. The electron enters the electric field through a point located at an equal distance from
the plates. If the electron passes through the edge of the top sheet when it leaves the field.
Determine the intensity of the electric field.
TO
1 cm • —•---------------" "
v0

v _________
< 2cm ------------------->1
Answer: 14218.75 N/A

99. [RS] A proton moves at 4.50 X 10 5 m/s in the horizontal direction, and enters a uniform
3
vertical electric field with a magnitude of 9.60 X 10 N/C. Ignoring any effects due to
gravity, determine (a) the time interval required for the proton to travel 5.00 cm
horizontally, (b) its vertical displacement during the period it travels 5.00 cm horizontally,
and (c) the horizontal and vertical components of its velocity. after having traveled said
distance.
Answer: a) 111 ns; b) 5.68mm; c) 11.7 m; d) 1.20 fJ
4
100. An electron enters perpendicularly into a uniform electric field of intensity 1.2 X 10
N/C with an energy of 3.2 X 10 16 J. Determine the deflection of the electron when it travels
1.5 cm horizontally.
Answer: y = 3.375 X 104 m
101. [RS] Two horizontal metal plates, each 100 mm on a side, are aligned one above the
other with a separation of 10.0 mm. They are provided with charges of equal magnitude and
opposite sign so that a uniform electric field below 2000 N/C is generated between the
plates. A particle with mass 2.00 X 10 16 kg and a positive charge of 1.00

102. initial speed of 1.00 X 10 5 m/s at an angle of 37.0º above the horizontal. Describe the
trajectory of the particle. What plate will it hit? And where will it hit in relation to its
starting point?
Answer: The bottom plate; 9.61 X 104 m
103. [RH] As seen in the figure, an electron is projected at a speed of Vo = 5.83 X 10 6 m/s
and at an angle of e = 39.0º; E = 1870 N/C directed upward, d = 1.97 cm and L = 6.20 cm.
Will it hit one of the plates? If it does, which one will hit and how far from the left side?
Yo
K l ---------->1
Answer: The top plate; 4.06cm
104. [TM] An electron starts from the position indicated in the figure with an initial speed
Vo = 5 X 10 6 m/s forming an angle of 45º with the x axis. The electric field has a positive y
3
direction and its module is 3.5 X 10 N/C. On which plate and where will the electron
collide?
Answer: The bottom plate. x = 9.851 cm
3
103. An electron is ejected into a uniform electric field of intensity 5.10 N/C. If the initial
velocity is 1 X 10 7 m/s and it makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Determine which
plate the electron collides with?

2cm
10cm
104. [DF] In the region between two parallel metal plates of length L and separation d, a
uniform electric field E is established. An electron enters through the edge of the lower plate
with an initial velocity v 0 at an angle
d with the plate. For what values of E
The electron will not collide with either of the two plates? (The action of the force of gravity
is neglected)
mv 2 sin 2 mv 2 sin 2
^
Answer: 0 or
0
2 ed < E<
105. [DF] In the region between two parallel metal plates of length L = 0.5 m and
separation d = 0.1 m, a uniform electric field of magnitude E = 8 x 10 3 N/C is established. A
proton enters through the edge of the lower plate with an initial speed Vo = 8 x 10 5 m/s in
the direction at an angle
Or with the plate, as illustrated in the
figure. For what values of the angle
Or the proton will not collide with either of the two

plates?

( eLE ) 2 edE
Answer: 2 sin 1 2
2
< Ó < sinYo-
\mv 0 ) mv 0 2
106. [DF] A beam of electrons enters a region between two parallel plates of length L
where a uniform electric field E exists. The electron beam is incident in one direction at an
angle
d , as illustrated in the figure. What is the initial speed of the
electrons?
< l
eEL cos Ó
Answer: V, =0 ---------------------
%m cos O sin ( O - ó )
107. [MA] In the figure, an electron is launched with an initial speed of 2 x 10 7 m/s in the
direction of an axis equidistant from the plates of a cathode ray tube. The uniform electric
field between the plates has an intensity of 20,000 N/C and is directed upward. a) What
distance perpendicular to the axis has the electron traveled when it passes through the

end of the plates? b) What angle with the axis does its velocity make when it leaves the
plates? c) At what distance below the axis does it collide with the fluorescent screen S?
t
2cm
< 4cm ------------>< 12cm

Answer: a) 7.033 X 10 3 m; b) 4.22 cm
108. [RS] Several protons are projected with an initial speed vi = 9.55 km/s in a region
where a uniform electric field E = (–720 j) N/C is present, as shown in the figure. The
protons must hit a target that is at a horizontal distance of 1.27 mm from the point where the
protons cross the plane and enter the electric field. Determine a) the two projection angles e
that achieve the expected result and b) the time of flight (time interval during which the
proton passes above the plane in the figure) for each of the trajectories.
Answer: a) e = 36.9086º , e = 53.0914° ; b) t = 1.6631 X 10 7 s , t = 2.2144 X 107 s

109. [TM] A particle leaves the origin with a speed of 3 X 10 6 m/s, forming an angle of 35º
with the x axis. It moves in a constant electric field E — —E j . Determine E 0 so that the
particle crosses the x- axis at x = 1.5 cm if a) it is an electron and b) it is a proton.
Answer: a) E = 3205.65 N/C; b) E — 5.8861 X 10 6 N/A

110. Two parallel planes of length 0.2 m have charge densities or
i—6 X 10 8 C/m 2
and o 2 -6X 10 8 C/m 2 respectively. An electron is fired at A with a velocity Vo — 2 X 10 7

m/sm/s upward. What is the speed of the electron when leaving between the planes?
O -
r1
0.2m
T
O
Answer: v — 1.1919 X 10 7 m/s
111. An electron with an initial velocity v 0 — (9.80 X 10 4 j ) m/s enters a region where
E — (2.0 i + 8.0 j ) X 10 4
N/C. a) Determine the acceleration vector of the electron as a
function of time. b) At what angle is e moving with respect to its initial position at t = 1.0
ns?
Answer: a) a — ( — 3.5176 X 10 15 i
1.4071 X 10 16 j ) N/A ; b) e
— 75.87º . —
2.3. - ELECTRICAL FIELD DUE TO CONTINUOUS CHARGE DISTRIBUTIONS.
Rods.
Example 2.30. Electric field due to a charged bar. Example 23.6 of the Serway. Seventh
edition. Page 656. Resnick's Problem 18. Fifth edition. Page 607. Problem PR-2.05 of
Figueroa. Fifth edition. Page 61.

a) A bar of length L has a uniform positive charge per unit length A and a total charge Q.
Calculate the electric field at a point P located along the long axis of the bar and at a
distance a from one end. b) If P were much further from the rod than L , it would appear to
be a point charge. Show that the answer obtained in a) q
reduces to E = k (electric field of a point charge) for a >> L , c) Analyze the x 2
case if the bar is infinitely long ( L > c0).
already
Solution.
Example 2.31.
a) A line of charge starts at x = x 0 and extends to positive infinity. The density
Ax
of linear charge is A = 00
. a) Determine the electric field at the origin. b) If P were
x
much farther from the rod than L , this would appear to be a point charge. Show that the
answer obtained in a) reduces to E = k for x 0 >> L , where q = A 0 L is the total charge 2
x0
of the rod (Problem 14 in Chapter 1).
x
Solution.
Example 2.32. Resnick's Problem 6. Fifth edition. Page 609. Problem PR-2.08 of
A rod of length L located along the x -axis has a total charge Q and a linear charge density
A. a) Determine the electric field at point P located on the y axis, at a distance y from the
origin. b) Show that the result obtained from kQ
part a) is E = for y >> L . Explain the result, c) Analyze the case if the bar is

and
infinitely long ( L > c0).
already
Solution.
Example 2.33. A uniform load line. Serway Problem 29. Seventh edition. Page 668.
Example Section 26-4 of the Resnick. Fifth edition. Page 592. Problem PR-2.06 of
A thin rod of length L and with a uniform load per unit length A lies along the x axis, as
shown in the figure. a) Show that the electric field at P , at a distance y from the rod along
its perpendicular bisector, has no component
at xy is given by E =-------------------- -. b) Use the result obtained in part a),

and
2k2
show that the field of a rod of infinite length is equal to E =------------------------. c) Express
and
the electric field as a function of the length of the rod and its total charge Q.

Solution.
Example 2.34. Problem PR-2.07 of Figueroa. Fifth edition. Page 64.
A wire of linear charge density A has the shape of a square with side L and is contained in
the xy plane with its center at the origin. a) Calculate the electric field of this wire at a point
on the z axis that is a distance z from the center of the square. b) Show that your answer aa)
reduces to the electric field of a point charge for z >> L

Solution.
Example 2.35. Repulsive force between two bars. Serway Problem 51. Seventh edition.
Page 670. Problem PR-2.25 of Figueroa. Fifth edition. Page 79. Example 2.8 from
Córdova. Page 18.
Two identical thin rods with length 2 a have equal charges + Q uniformly distributed along
their lengths. The rods lie along the x axis, with their centers separated by a distance b > 2 a
(Figure). Show that the magnitude of the force exerted by the left rod on the right rod is
given by
2
[ kQ
2
I 4 to
Solution.

112. [RS] Along the x axis there is a continuous line of charge that extends from x = Xo to
positive infinity. The line has a uniform linear charge density A. What is the magnitude and
direction of the electric field at the origin?
and
Answer: E — — ix 0
113. A straight bar of length 50 cm has a uniform negative charge per unit length of 10
C/cm. Calculate the electric field at a point P located on the axis of the bar 50 mm from one
of its ends. Determine the electric field if the bar extends to infinity at its end opposite P.
Answer: E = 1.6341 x 10 14 N/C , E = 1.7975 x 10 14 N/C
114. [TM] A uniform linear charge of density A = 3.5 nC/m is distributed from x = 0 to x =
5 m. Determine the electric field generated along the x axis at a) x = 6 m, b) x = 9 m and c) x
= 250 m. d) Find the field at x = 250 m using the approximation that it is a point charge at
the origin and compare the result with the one obtained exactly at c) Is the result obtained
greater or less than the exact one? Explain your answers.
Answer: a) E = 26.2137 N/C; b) E = 4.3689 N/C; c) E = 2.5679 x 10 3 N/C ; d) E = 2.5676 x 10 3
N/C . It is smaller, since the electric field due to the charges closest to point P is being
neglected.
115. [RS] A rod 14.0 cm long has a uniform charge and its total charge is — 22
u C. Determine the magnitude and direction of the electric field along the axis of the
rod at a point 36.0 cm from its center.
Answer: E = 1.59 x 10 6 N/C towards the rod

116. A thin, nonconducting rod of length L has a linear density A given by where A is a
constant, and x is a linear variable distance. Determine the electric field at point P
a- located along the main axis of the rod and at a distance a from one of its ends.
117. [DF] A load line with length L and oriented along the x axis has a load per
A0 unit length that varies with distance as follows:
(x
A-A -—1
Where x 0 is the distance from the bar to the origin and A is a constant. AND
\x 0
Answer: E - k 2o l - ln 1 + L . Yo
LLL+a \ to)
Find the field
electrical at the origin.
Answer: E - k A l - ln (1 + L -
L+x 1Y
I x )o
0x0
0
118. [RS] A charge of uniform density equal to 35.0 nC/m is placed along the line y = –
15.0 cm, between the coordinate points x = 0 and x = 40 cm. Determine the electric field
produced at the origin.
Answer: E = (–1360.75 i + 1963.57 j ) N/A

119. [RH, DF] A “semi-infinite” insulating rod carries a constant charge per unit length A.
Show that the electric field at point P forms an angle of
kA
45º with it and that its intensity is E=A2 . [Hint: Apply the result of the
R
example 2.32 with y = R ].
120. [WM] a) The uniformly charged thin rod shown in the figure has a linear charge
density A. Find an expression for the electric field at point P. b) Show that the result with y
= 0 reduces to that obtained in Example 2.30. c) Show that the result with a = 0 reduces to
that obtained in Example 2.32.
already
and a+L to
Answer: E = — 11 / and 2 ¿-- i+
and A/ ( a + L ) 2 + y 22
2
IL A/( a + L ) + y
2
2 Va2+y2

4 to 2 + and 2

121. [RH] In a thin rod of length L about the x axis, with one end at the x origin
= 0 as in the figure, a charge is distributed per unit length given by A = A 0 x ,

where A 0 is a constant, and x is the distance from the origin. a) Determine the total load of
the rod. b) Calculate E at point P on the y axis. c) At what distance from the rod on the axis
and the field is equal to half the value at the left end of it? b) Show that this expression
reduces to E = kq for and
I >> L , where q = 1 A 0 L 2 is the total charge and 2 2
of the rod.
l
2
J L + and + L
2 and
Answer: E x = k A o - ln
and
)L2+y2 /L 2
+
2
andA lies along the x axis,
122. A thin rod of length L and with a uniform load per unit length
as shown in the figure. a) Determine the electric field at a distance y from the rod at a point
P on the perpendicular bisector. b) Demonstrate
kQ
that the result obtained from part a) is E = —5 for y >> L . Explain the result, and 2
c) Analyze the case if the bar is infinitely long ( L > 00).

V
pg. , p_k 2
J._____l______ p_ 2 .
Answer: a) E =----------- j ; c) E =---------------------j
and
THE/(I 2L ) 2 + AND 2J ; and
123. [RH] A thin nonconducting rod of finite length L carries a uniform linear charge
density + 2 in the right half and a density — 2 in the left half. a) Using the symmetry
argument, determine the direction of the electric field at P generated by the rod. b)
Determine E at P. c) Take the limit of this expression with y large. Why does it depend on
and ? What does it remind us of?
already
()P
k2
)
Answer: a) The address is - i; b) E =
2k2
—1Ii;
( and c) E
y
(( 1
2L) +y
2 2
to a dipole with separation 2 a = L and q = 2 L ). See problem 70 d)
Ii (It is similar and 3

124. A thin non-conducting rod of length L has a linear density A. a) Determine the
components of the electric field at point P and at a distance y from the rod as indicated in
the figure, b) Demonstrate that the result obtained from part a) is kQ
E = —5 for y >> L . Explain the result, c) Show that the result with L = a se y 2
reduces that obtained in example 2.33.
already
Q
t
o
kA yy to the
and
—== — —== —/ + —/ =
Answer: E = —
A/ a 2 + and 2 A to 2 + and 2
125. A thin, nonconducting rod of length L has a linear density A given by
x
A = Ro7, L where A is a constant, and x a linear variable distance. Determine the
electric field at point P on the perpendicular bisector at a distance y from the rod.

21L
2kA \ V ( 1 2 L ) 2 ■ and 2 ■ 1 2 L
Answer: E x = 0 J ( 1 2 L ) 2 + y ln
and 2
l
126. A bar of length L has a total charge distributed uniformly along its length and is
perpendicular to a uniform, infinitely long linear charge of density A C/m, as shown in the
figure. The closest end of the bar to the linear load is the length d away from it. Determine
the force that the infinite line charge exerts on the bar of length L.
Example 2.36.
A uniformly charged insulating rod of length L is bent into a semicircle, as shown in the
figure. The rod has a total charge Q. Determine the magnitude and direction of the electric
field at O, which is the center of the semicircle.

Solution.
Example 2.37. Modification of problem 53 of the Serway. Seventh edition. Page 671. A
line of positive charges is distributed in a semicircle of radius R = 60.0 cm as seen in the
figure. The charge per unit length along the semicircle is described by the expression A = A
cos 0 . The total charge of the semicircle is 12.0
u C.
Calculate the electric field at the
center of curvature.
Solution.
Example 2.38. Modification of problem 38 of the Serway. Seventh edition. Page 717.
A wire with uniform charge density X is bent as shown in the figure.

Determine the electric field at point O.
2R
Solution.
127. [RS] A uniformly loaded insulating bar, 14.0 cm long, is bent into the shape of a
semicircle, as shown in the figure. The bar has a total load of

— 7.50
u C . Find the magnitude and direction of the electric field at O, the center of the
semicircle.
Answer: E = ( — 21.64 x 10 6 N/C) i

128. A thin nonconducting rod is bent into the shape of an arc of a circle of radius a and
subtends an angle e at the center of the circle. A total charge Q is uniformly distributed
along its entire length. Find the intensity of the electric field at the center of the circle as a
function of a , Q and e .
2 k Q sin ( 1 e)
Answer: E x =
na 2
129. [DF] A thin thread has a linear charge density A > 0 and is bent in the shape of a
circular arc that subtends an angle 2 e , as shown in the figure.
Show that the electric field at the center of curvature of the arc (point O) has
2, = —________ a sin e
or A,,1 a k g1 ,
module E x —--------------. What is the direction of the field at point O?

130. [RH] A thin glass rod is bent into a semicircle of radius R. A charge + q is distributed
uniformly in the upper half, and a charge – q is distributed

131. evenly in the lower half, as seen in the figure. Calculate the electric field at P , the
center of the semicircle.
Answer: E = j
132. [ DF ] A positive charge is distributed with uniform density from y = – a to y = —co .

What is the electric field at point O?

Answer: E =---------------( i + j )
to
Rings.
Example 2.39. Example 23.7 of the Serway. Seventh edition. Page 657. Problem 22
of the Serway. Fifth edition. Page 668. Problem PR-2.09 of Figueroa. Fifth
Sixth edition. Page 757.
A ring of radius R carries a uniformly distributed positive total charge Q. a) Calculate the
electric field due to the ring at a point P located at a distance x from its center, along the
central axis perpendicular to the plane of the ring. b) Show that kQ
The result obtained from part a) is E = —5 for x >> R. Explain the result. c) x 2
Show that the maximum magnitude E max of the electric field existing along the axis of the
Solution.

Consider a uniformly loaded thin-walled cylindrical shell with total charge Q , radius R, and
a height h . Determine the electric field at a point a distance d from the right side of the
cylinder, as shown in the figure. ( Hint : Use the result of Example 2.39 and consider the
cylinder as if it were formed from a set of ring charges.)
dx
Solution.
Example 2.41.
A circular ring of radius R with a linear charge distribution A = A or sin (2), with A or a
constant. Determine: a) The electric field at a distance x from the axis of the ring, b) Show
that this expression reduces to E = kq for I x

>>
i R , where q = 4 A R is the
x2
total charge of the ring (Problem 20 of Chapter 1). Explain why this result.

Solution.
Example 2.42. Attraction between a ring and an infinity bar. Problem PR-2.26 of
Figueroa. Fifth edition. Page 80. Problem 10 of Córdova. Page 36.
A system consists of a ring of fine loaded wire of radius R and a very long, uniformly
loaded thread, arranged on the axis of the ring so that one of its ends coincides with the
center of the ring. The ring has a charge q . A charge A corresponds to the unit length of the
thread. Determine the interaction force between the ring and the thread.
Solution.
133. Imagine a ring of radius R with a total charge Q distributed uniformly around its

perimeter. What is the electric field at a point on the axis at a distance 2R from the center?
2 kQ
Answer: E = 3 i
5 R2
2
134. [RS] A ring with a radius of 10.0 cm with a uniform charge has a total charge equal to
75.0
u C. Determine the electric field on the axis of the ring at the following distances
from the center of the ring: a) 1.00 cm, b) 5.00 cm, c) 30.0 cm and d) 100.0 cm.
Answer: a) E = (6.65 x 10 6 N/C) i ; b) E = (2.41 x 10 7 N/C) i ; c) E = (6.40 x 10 6 N/C) i ; d)
E = (6.65 x 10 5 N/C) i , taking the ring axis as the x axis
135. [TM] A load of 2.75
u C is uniformly distributed over a ring of radius
8.5cm. Determine the electric field generated on the axis aa) 1.2 cm, b) 3.6 cm and c) 4.0 m
from the center of the ring. D) Determine the field at 4.0 m with the approximation that the
ring is a point charge at the origin and compare the result with that obtained in c) Explain
your answer.
Answer: a) E = (4.69 x 10 5 N/C) i ; b) E = (1.13 x 10 7 N/C) i ; c) E = (1543.69 N/C) i ; d) E =
(1544.74 N/C) i
136. [TM] Calculate the electric field at a distance x from an infinite, uniformly charged
non-conducting sheet considering the sheet as a continuous series of charged circular rings.
, either
Answer: E =
260

137. [RH, AF] A ring of radius a and charge q 1 and q 2 are uniformly distributed in each
half circle, where q = q 1 + q 2 . Determine the components of the electric field at a point P
located on the axis of the ring.
kqx k ( q2 − q ) a
Answer: E =--------------3i + q
2
q
1 j
3
2 2 2 3
(x +a ) (x +a2)23
2
138. [TM, DF] A ring of radius a contains a linear charge distribution of the form A = A
sin o , with A being a constant and o an angular measure as shown in the figure. a) What
direction is the field generated in the center of the ring? What is the modulus of said field in
the center of the ring?
knA .

Answer: E— j
to
139. [WM] A circular ring of radius a with a linear charge distribution
A — Ro (1 + cos o ), with A being a constant. Determine: a) The electric field at a
q
distance x from the axis of the ring, b) Show that this expression reduces to E — k-^- for x 2
x | >> a , where q — 2 nX 0 a is the total charge of the ring (Problem 19 in Chapter 1).
Explain why this result, c) The point of the maximum value of the electric field.

point load
140. [RH, TM, DF] A nonconducting hemispherical glass of internal radius R possesses a
total charge q distributed uniformly across the internal surface. Calculate the electric field at
the center of curvature. (Hint: Think of the glass as a set of rings.)
kQ
Answer: E = 2R2l

Flat sheets.
Example 2.43.
Two large metal plates of area 1 m 2 are placed facing each other. They are 5 cm apart and
have equal and opposite charges on their interior surfaces. If the electric field between the
plates is 55 N/C. Determine the charge of the plates.
Solution.
Example 2.44. Resnick problem 3. Fifth edition. Page 631. Problem Problem PR-3.22
of Figueroa. Fifth edition. Page 133.
a) A small sphere of mass m and charge q is suspended from a silk thread that forms an
angle e with a large charged conductive sheet (Figure). Determine the surface or sheet
charge density.
b) A small sphere, whose mass m is 1.12 mg, has a charge q = 19.7 nC. In the Earth's
gravitational field it hangs from a silk thread that forms an angle e = 27.4º with a large
uniformly charged non-conducting sheet, as seen in the figure. Calculate the uniform charge
density o.

E
I
Solution.
141. A large horizontal, flat sheet of charge has a charge per unit area of 9.00
u C/m 2 . Determine the electric field just above the center of the sheet.
Answer: E = 1.02 x 10 6 N/A
142. [RH] A square metal plate of side 8.0 cm has a total charge of 6.0
u C.
a) Using the infinite plate approximation, calculate the electric field located 0.50 mm above
the surface of the plate near its center. b) Estimate the field at a distance of 30 m.
Answer: a) E = 1.06 x 10 8 N/C ; b) 59.92 N/A
143. [RS] A non-conductive wall has a uniform charge density of 8.60
u C/cm 2 .
What is the value of the electric field 7.00 cm in front of the wall? Does the result change if
the distance to the wall is changed?
Answer: a) E = 9.71 x 10 9 N/C ; b) Yes
144. [RS] A thin square conducting plate of side 50.0 cm lies on the xy plane. A total
charge of 4.00 x 10 8 C is deposited on the plate. Determine a) the electric field just above the
plate and b) the electric field just below it. You can assume that the charge density is
uniform.
Answer: a) E = (1.807 x 10 4 N/C) k ; b) E = ( - 1.807 x 10 4 N/C) k
145. [TM] A charge of –6 nC is placed uniformly on a square sheet of non-conducting
material with a side of 20 cm located in the yz plane. What is the value of the modulus of the

electric field in the vicinity of the sheet and near its center?
Answer: E = 1.6941 x 10 4 N/A
146. [RH] An electron remains stationary in an electric field directed downward in the
Earth's gravitational field. If the field is due to the charge on two large parallel conducting
plates, oppositely charged and separated by a distance of 2.3 cm, what is the supposedly
uniform surface charge density on the plates?
Answer: o = 4.9385 x 1022 C/m 2
147. [RS] A 10.0 g piece of Styrofoam has a net charge of — 0.700
u C and floats
above the center of a large horizontal sheet of plastic that has a uniform charge density on
its surface. What is the charge per unit area present on the plastic sheet?
Answer: a = 1.2409 x 106 C/m 2
148. [TM] An unloaded coin is inside an external field of value 1.6 kN/C whose direction is
perpendicular to its faces. a) Find the charge density on each side of the coin assuming that
they are flat. b) If the radius of the coin is 1 cm, what is the total charge on one face?
Answer: a) a = 1.4167 x 10-8 C/m 2 ; b) q = 4.4506 x 10 -12 C
149. [RS] A square copper plate 50.0 cm on a side has a net charge equal to zero and is
placed in a region of a uniform electric field of 80.0 kN/C directed perpendicular to the
plate. Determine a) the charge density on each face of the plate and b) the total charge on
each plate.
Answer: a) a = 7.0833 x 10-7 C/m 2 ; b) q = 1.7708 x 10-7 C
150. [TM] A narrow uncharged metal sheet has square faces of sides 12 cm. It is placed
within an external electric field that is perpendicular to its faces. What is the value of the
electric field if the total charge induced on one of the faces of the block is 1.2 nC?

Answer: E = 9.4117 N/A

151. [PT] The electric field intensity between the plates in the figure is 4000 N/C. What is
the magnitude of the charge on the sphere of suspended marrow whose mass is 3 mg?
E - to
Answer: q = 4.2479 x 10 9 C
152. a) [RS, RH] Two infinite, non-conducting sheets of charge are parallel to each other,
as seen in the figure. The sheet on the left has a uniform surface charge density a and the
one on the right has a uniform charge density — a . Calculate the electric field i) to the
left of, ii) between and iii) to the right of the two sheets.
b) [RS, RH] Repeat the calculation in the case that both sheets had positive uniform surface
charge densities of value a .
E - to E
(to (b)
)
Answer: a) i) E = 0, ii) E — —-----i , iii) E = 0; b) i) E — —- - i , ii) E = 0, iii) E — — i
153. Two large metal plates of area 1 m 2 are placed facing each other. They are 5 cm apart
and have equal and opposite charges on their interior surfaces. If the electric field between
the plates is 55 N/C. Determine the charge of the plates.
— ——
Answer: Q — 4.87.10 1°C

154. [DF] Two infinite non-conducting sheets with uniform charge are facing each other in
parallel. The left sheet has a surface charge density + 6 — and the one on the right has a
charge density —4 — . Determine the electric field in the following regions: a) to the left of
the two sheets, b) between the sheets, and c) to the right of the two sheets.
6 —4
+ —0 —0
Answer: a) E —— 0
i , b) E — 5
°
0
i , c) E — ° 0 i
80 80 80
155. [TM] Two infinite nonconducting planes of uniformly distributed charge are parallel
to each other and parallel to the yz plane. One of them corresponds to x = –2 m and its
surface charge density is a — — 3.5
u C/m 2 . The other corresponds to x = 2 m and
a —6
u C/m 2 . Determine the electric field for a) x < –2 m, b) –2 m < x < 2 m and c) x > 2
m.
Answer: a) E — ( — 2.8235 X 10 5 N/C) i ; b) E — ( — 1.0729 X 10 6 N/C) i ; c)
E — (2.8235 X 10 5 N/C) i
156. [TM] A square conducting sheet with sides of 5 m carries a net charge of 80
u C . a) Determine the electric field just outside one face of the sheet. b) The
sheet is located to the right of an infinite non-conducting plane, charged with a density of
2.0
u C/m 2
and so that the faces of the sheet are parallel to the plane.
Determine the electric field on each face of the sheet far from the edges and the charge
density on each face.
2
157. [TM] Two identical square metal plates, 500 cm , are parallel and 1.50 m apart.
Initially, they are discharged and, subsequently, a charge of 1.50 nC is transferred from the
plate on the left to the one on the right, immediately producing electrostatic equilibrium.
(Neglect edge effects). a) What is the electric field between the plates at a distance of 0.25
cm from the plate on the right? b) What value does the electric field reach between the
plates at a distance of 1.00 cm from the plate on the left? c) What is the electric field just to
the right of the plate on the right?
158. [TM] A thin, infinite sheet placed in the plane y = 0 has a uniformly charged surface
charge density of 1 — 65 nC/m 2
. A second thin, infinite sheet has a uniform surface
charge density at — — 45 nC/m 2

. The intersection of the two sheets occurs in the z
axis, forming an angle of 30º with the xz plane. Determine the electric field at a) x = 6.0 m,

y = 2.0 m and b) x = 6.0 m, y = 5.0 m.

Answer: a) E = (9882.3293 i – 4401.4352 j ) N/A; b) E = (4799.9885 i + 4401.4352 j ) N/A

159. [WM] A thin, infinite sheet placed in the plane y = 0 has a uniformly charged surface
charge density o 1 = 65 nC/m 2 . A second thin, infinite sheet has a uniform surface charge
density o2 = 45 nC/m 2 . The intersection of the two sheets occurs in the z axis, forming an
angle of 60º with the xz plane. A point charge of q -6
u C is located at the point x = 3.0 m, y = 1.0 m. Determine the
electric field at a) x = 6.0 m, y = 2.0 m and b) x = 6.0 m, y = 5.0 m.
Discs.
Example 2.45. Disk with uniform load. Example 23.8 of the Serway. Seventh edition.
Page 658. Example Section 26-4 of the Resnick. Fifth edition. Page 593. Problem PR-
2.18 of Figueroa. Fifth edition. Page 73. Resnick's Problem 12. Fifth edition. Page 607.
A disk of radius R has a uniform surface charge density or . a) Calculate the electric field at
a point P that lies along the central perpendicular axis of the disk and at a distance x from
the center of the disk. b) Use the previous result to determine the electric field of a
uniformly charged infinite sheet. c) Show that this expression reduces to E = k Q for x I >> R ,
where Q = a^ R 2 is the total charge of x 2
disk. Explain why this result.
Q
•
x >|
Solution.
Example 2.46. Serway Problem 28. Seventh edition. Page 668.
Consider a uniformly charged solid cylinder with total charge Q , radius R , and a height
h . Determine the electric field at a point a distance d from the right side of the cylinder, as
shown in the figure. ( Hint : Use the result of Example 2.45 and consider the cylinder as if it
were made up of a set of charges on disks.)

Solution.
Example 2.47.
A disk of radius R has a surface charge distribution given by a = Co r
a) Determine the electric field in the axis of the disk at a distance x from its center. b)
Show that this expression reduces to E = kq for x I >> R , where q = 2 na R 2 is x 2 0
the total disk load (Problem 24 in Chapter 1).
Solution.
Example 2.48.
Or
0
A disk of radius R has a non-uniform surface charge density O = , where
o is a constant and r is measured from the center of the disk. Determine (by direct
integration) the electric field at P.
Solution.

Example 2.49.
A disk of radius R has a hole of radius a cut in its center and carries a load per unit area a
that varies with the radius as a = CoÉ being a constant, and r a variable radial distance. a)
Determine the electric field at a distance x from the plane of the disk along its axis. b) Show
that the result obtained in a) with a = 0 reduces
q
to that obtained in example 2.47. c) Show that this expression reduces to E = k^ for x 2
x | >> a , where q = 2 no 0 R ( R — a ) is the total charge of the disk (Problem 28 of chapter
1).
Solution.
edition. Page 78. Problem 86 of Córdova. Page 52.
Let it be a bar of length L , with total charge q uniformly distributed. The bar is placed on
the axis of a circular insulating disk of radius R and also uniformly loaded with charge Q ,
such that one end of the bar is almost touching the center of the disk. Determine the
repulsive force between the bar and the disk.
Solution.

159. [RH, TM] At what distance along the axis of a charged disk of radius R is the
magnitude of the electric field equal to half the value of the field at the surface of the disk at
the center?
R
Answer: x = —E
A3
160. [WM] Calculate the electric field at a distance x from a non-conducting disk of radius
R and uniformly charged, considering the disk as a continuous series of charged concentric
circular rings.
161. [RS] A uniformly charged disk with a radius of 35.0 cm has a charge density of 7.90 X
10 3 C/m 2 . Calculate the electric field on the axis of the disk aa) 5.00 cm, b) 10.0 cm, c)
50.0 cm and d) 200.0 cm from the center of the disk.
Answer: a) E = 3.8355 X 10 7 N/C ; b) E = 3.2400 X 10 7 N/C ; c) E = 8.0755 X 10 7 N/C ; d) E = 6.6873
X 10 7 N/C
162. [RH] A large flat conductive surface has a uniform charge density or . A small
circular hole of radius R was cut in the middle of the sheet, as seen in the figure. Disregard
the fragmentation of field lines around all

163. edges and calculate the electric field at point P , a distance z from the center of the
hole at
the axis. (Hint: Apply the principle of superposition.)
2 Tk to x
Answer: E = j
2 2
\l R + x
164. [RH] The attached table includes the measured values of the electric field E located at
a distance x on the axis of the charged plastic disc:
x (cm) E (N/C)
0 2,043 X 10 7
1 1.732 X 10 7
2 1,442 X 10 7
3 1.187 X 10 7
4 0.972 X 10 7
5 0.797 X 10 7
Calculate: a) the radius of the disk and b) the charge on it.
Answer: a) 6.50 cm; b) 4.80
uC
165. a) Calculate the electric field at point P on the axis of the ring shown in the figure,
which has a charge density a . b) Show that the result with a = 0 reduces to that obtained in
Example 2.45. c) Show that for x >> R , the electric field at q
the axis of the uniformly loaded ring can be approximated by E = k where
x2
Q = na ( R — a 2 ) is the total charge of the ring.

166. [WM ] Derive the expression for the electric field at a distance which a ^ R and Q =
no ( R — a 2 ) is the total charge of the ring.
kQx
Answer: (R2+x2)23i
167. [TM] A disk of radius R has a surface charge distribution given by

or 0 where o is a constant and r is the distance from the center of the disk. to)
rR 2
Obtain an expression for the electric field at a distance x from the center of the disk on its
perpendicular axis passing through the center. b) Show that this expression reduces to
E = kq for I x >>
\ R , where q = 1 no R 2 is the total charge of the disk (Problem 26 of
the x 2
chapter 1).

2 Tkox 2x2+R2
Answer: E =
R2 1R2+x2
168. A disk of radius R has a surface charge per unit area o that varies with the
2R।
radius as a = o o png g IT is a constant and r is a variable distance
1 — I , where Oo
radial. Determine the electric field at a distance x from the plane of the disk along its axis
by: a) Direct integration and b) Combining the results of example 2.45 and
q
example 2.47. c) Show that this expression reduces to E = k for x | >> R , where x
q -3 no R 2 is the total charge of the disk (Problem 27 in Chapter 1).

Hemispherical shells.
Example 2.51. E field of a hemispherical shell. Problem PR-2.21 of Figueroa.
Fifth edition. Page 75. Problem 12 of Córdova. Page 37.
A nonconducting hemispherical shell of radius R has a charge Q , distributed uniformly over
its surface. Determine the electric field at its center of curvature O. Find E if the distributed
charge is known to be Q = 1
u C and R = 10 cm.
Solution.
Example 2.52.
A dielectric hemispherical shell has a charge distribution a ( e ) = o sin e , where
2
at 0 is constant and is expressed in C/m 2 . Determine the electric field at the center of the
cup.

Solution.

169. A dielectric hemispherical shell has a charge distribution a ( 6 ) = o cos 6 ,
2
where a 0 is constant and is expressed in C/m 2 . Determine the electric field at the center of
the cup.
Answer: E = 3 7 k a i
170. A dielectric hemispherical shell has a charge distribution
2
a ( 6 ) = a sin (2 6 ), where a 0 is constant and is expressed in C/m 2 . Determine the electric
field at the center of the cup.
Answer: E = 4 7 2 a i
k
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
ALONSO, M and FINN, E. Physics, Volume 2 , Adisson – Wesley, 1992.

FIGUEROA, D, Electrical interaction , Fifth Edition., Caracas, 2012.

RESNICK, R, HALLIDAY, D and KRANE, K, Physics, Volume 2. , 5th Edition., Grupo
Editorial Patria SA de CV, Mexico, 2007.
SERWAY, R and JEWETT, J, Physics for Sciences and Engineering, Volume II, Sixth
Edition., International Thomson Editores, SA de CV, Mexico, 2005.
SERWAY, R and JEWETT, J, Physics for Science and Engineering with Modern Physics,
Volume II, Seventh Edition., Cengage Learning Editores, SA de CV, Mexico, 2009.
TIPLER, P and MOSCA, G, Physics for Science and Technology, Volume 2 , Sixth Edition.,
Editorial REVERTÉ, SA, Barcelona, 2010.
TIPPENS, P. Physical. Concepts and applications, Seventh Edition., McGraw-
Hill/Interamericana Editores, SA de CV, Mexico, 2007.
VALDIVIESO, M, 364 Electricity problems for Science and Engineering students. Vega
Editions, SRL, Caracas.

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PROBLEMS SOLVED AND PROPOSED FOR

Maturín, July 2017.

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 2

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 4

The concept of electric field is fundamental in the study of Electricity, as it is the

Eng. Willians Medina.

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 6

ABOUT THE AUTHOR.

Willians Medina (Barcelona, 1972) is a Chemical Engineer (1997), graduated from

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Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 8

2.1. - DEFINITION OF ELECTRICAL FIELD.

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 9

only one electron missing) in this field?

Answer: a) E = (400 N/C) j ; b) F = ( — 1.6 X 10 3 N) j

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 10

u C is at the origin. What is the magnitude and direction of the electric

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 11

to x , for both positive and negative values of x . (Remember that Ex is

N/C, calculate the magnitude of q 2 .

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2.1. - DEFINITION OF ELECTRICAL FIELD...........................................................9

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Example 2.46. Serway Problem 28. Seventh edition. Page 668.....................................88

11. Two point charges Q x = 2

u C are separated by a distance of 5 cm.

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Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 16

Answer: At 1.8209 m from the load q = - 2.50

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 17

Example 2.18. Modification of Exercise Guide Prof. Amenayda Figueredo. Period.....27

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TITLES OF THE SERIES SOLVED PROBLEMS AND ELECTRICITY PROPOSALS

Answer: At 2.7208 a from charge 2 q and 3.7208 a from charge –5 q

Answer: q = 2.5720 x 10 7 C , x = 9.10 mm

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what points are they?

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Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 21

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 22

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 23

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 24

Calculate the electric field at the lower left vertex (Point P ).

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 25

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 26

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 27

–4.00 nC 5.00 nC 3.00 nC x

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Answer: a) E = (–440.21 N/C) i + (–674.07 N/C) j

36. Two electric charges q = 4 x 10 -

Answer: to E = (4.2129 x 10 7 i - 1.6852 x 10 8 j ) N/C ; b)

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field loads 7.00

Determine the force exerted on the 2.00 u C charge.

Answer: E = (18.0 x 10 3 i — 218 x 10 3 j ) N/A

Answer: 7.20 x 10 7 N/A

Physics II. Eng. Willians Medina. http://www.slideshare.net/asesoracademico/ 30

center and on the opposite side to the charge 2 q