CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EXAMINATION

CBSE-2022-23

Paper: SCIENCE
Date: 04-03-2023 Code: 31/1/2

Max. Marks: 100 SOLUTIONS Time allowed: 3 hours

Section A
Select and write one most appropriate option out of the four options given for
1. Consider the structure of the three cyclic carbon compounds A, B and C given below and
select the correct option from the following:

(A) (B)

(C)

(1) A and C are isomers of hexane and B is benzene.

(2) A is an isomer of hexane, B is benzene and C is an isomer of hexane.
(3) A is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and B and C are unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons.
(4) A is cyclohexane and B and C are the isomers of benzene.
Sol. Option (c)
A is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon as it contains single bond only. B and C are unsaturated
cyclic hydrocarbons as they contain at least one double bond.
2. Select washing soda from the following :
(a) NaHCO3 (b) Na2CO3.5H2O (c) Na2CO3.10H2O (d) NaOH
Sol. Option (c)
Formula of washing soda is Na2CO3.10H2O.
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3. Copper is used for making cooking utensils. Which of the following physical properties of
copper is NOT responsible for the same?
(a) Malleability (b) High melting point
(c) Thermal conductivity (d) High reactivity
Sol. Option (4)
As reactivity of copper is not the physical property of a metal, responsible for making
cooking utensils.
4. The table below has information regarding pH and the nature (acidic/basic) of four
different solutions. Which one of the option in the table is correct?
Option Solution Colour of pH paper Approximate Nature of
pH value solution
(a) Lemon juice Orange 3 Basic
(b) Milk of magnesia Blue 10 Basic
(c) Gastric juice Red 6 Acidic
(d) Pure water Yellow 7 Neutral
Sol. Option (2)
(a) is incorrect because lemon juice has pH = 3 so it is acidic in nature.
(c) is incorrect because pH range of gastric juice is between 2-3.
(d) is incorrect as colour pH paper for pure water (neutral) is green.
5. MnO2 + xHCl → MnCl2 + yH2O + zCl2
In order to balance the above chemical equation, the values of x, y and z respectively are :
(a) 6, 2, 2 (b) 4, 1, 2 (c) 4, 2, 1 (d) 2, 2, 1
Sol. Option (c)
MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2.
6. The emission of brown fumes in the given experimental set-up is due to

(a) Thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces brown fumes of nitrogen
dioxide.
(b) thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces brown fumes of lead oxide.
(c) oxidation of lead nitrate forming lead oxide and nitrogen dioxide.
(d) oxidation of lead nitrate forming lead oxide and oxygen.
Sol. Option (a)
2Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
Brown fumes are due to evolution of NO2(g).
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7. In the experimental setup given below, it is observed that on passing the gas produced in
the reaction in the solution 'X' the solution 'X' first turns milky and then colourless.

The option that justifies the above stated observation is that 'X' is aqueous calcium
hydroxide and Ca(OH)2
(a) it turns milky due to carbon dioxide gas liberated in the reaction and after sometime it
becomes colourless due to formation of calcium hydrogen carbonate which is soluble
in water.
(b) it turns milky due to formation of calcium carbonate and on passing excess of carbon
dioxide it becomes colourless due to formation of calcium hydrogen carbonate which
is soluble in water.
(c) it turns milky due to passing carbon dioxide through it. It turns colourless as on further
passing carbon dioxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate is formed which is soluble in
water.
(d) The carbon dioxide liberated during the reaction turns lime water milky due to
formation of calcium hydrogen carbonate and after some time it turns colourless due
to formation of calcium carbonate which is solution in water.
Sol. Option (b)
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O()
CaCO3(s) + H2O + CO2(g) → Ca ( HCO3 )2 ( aq )
colourless

It turns milky due to formation of CaCO3 and then colourless due to formation of Ca(HCO3)2
which is soluble in water.
8. Select endothermic reaction from the following:
(a) Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost.
(b) Decomposition of calcium carbonate to form quick lime and carbon dioxide.
(c) Burning of a candle.
(d) Process of respiration.
Sol. Option (2)
Decomposition of calcium carbonate is an endothermic reaction as energy is absorbed in
this reaction in the form of heat.

CacO3(s) ⎯⎯ → CaO(s) + CO2(g).

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9. Select from the following the correct statement about tropic movement in plants.
(a) It is due to stimulus of touch and temperature.
(b) It does not depend upon the direction of stimulus received.
(c) It is observed only in roots and not in stems.
(d) It is a growth-related movement.
Sol. Option (d)
Tropic movement in plants is growth related movement that depends upon the direction
of stimulus and it is observed in roots and stems both, in response to sunlight, touch, water,
gravity etc.
10. The statement that correctly describes the characteristics(s) of a gene is:
(a) In individuals of a given species, a specific gene is located in a particular chromosome.
(b) A gene is not the information source for making proteins in the cell.
(c) Each chromosome has only one gene located all along its length.
(d) All the inherited traits in human beings are not controlled by genes.
Sol. Option (a)
In individuals of a given species, specific gene is located on a particular chromosome. A
gene is the information source for making proteins in the cell. Multiple genes are located
on the chromosome which control the inheritance of all the traits in human beings.
11. Consider the following statements about small intestine and select the one which is NOT
correct:
(a) The length of the small intestine in animals differs as it depends on the type of food they eat.
(b) The small intestine is the site of complete digestion of food.
(c) The small intestine receives secretions from liver and pancreas.
(d) The villi of the small intestine absorb water from the unabsorbed food before it gets
removed from the body via the anus.
Sol. Ans (d)
Large intestine is the site of absorption of water from the unabsorbed food before it gets
removed from the body via the anus.
12. An organisms which breaks down the food material outside the body and then absorbed it is
(a) A plant parasite, Cuscuta (b) An animal parasite, Tapeworm
(c) A bacteria, Rhizobium (d) A fungi, Rhizopus
Sol. Option (d)
A fungi - Rhizopus is the example of saprotroph which breaks down the food material
outside the body and than absorbs it.
13. The resultant magnetic field at point ‘P’ situated midway between two parallel wires
(placed horizontally) each carrying a steady current I is :
A B
•P
C D
(a) in the same direction as the current in the wires.
(b) in the vertically upward direction.
(c) zero
(d) in the vertically downward direction.

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Sol. Zero is correct.
Magnetic field at a point P in the given diagram is the resultant of the magnetic field due to
(wire AB) and (wire CD)
A B × Into the plane
AB × • CD
•P • Out of the plane
C D

Applying ‘Right hand Thumb Rule’, we can obtain direction of magnetic field at a point P
into the plane due to the current flowing in wire AB and out of the plane due to the current
flowing in wire CD.
As the strength of the magnetic field due to each wire is the same due to equal current
flowing and as point P is at equal distance from each wire, both magnetic fields cancel each
other and the net magnetic field strength at point P will remain zero.
14. An electric iron of 1500 W, 200 V and a flash light of 500 W, 200 V are used in homes. The
rating of fuse to be used should be :
(a) 5 A (b) 10 A (c) 15 A (d) 20 A
Sol. Option (b)
Givern, Pi = 1500 W, Vi = 200 V
Pf = 500 W, Vf = 200 V
P = VI
P 1500
I= i = = 7.5A
V 200
P 500
I= f = = 2.5 A
V 200
15. In domestic electric circuits the wiring with 15 A current rating is for the electric devices which
have –
(a) higher power ratings such as geyser.
(b) lower power ratings such as fan.
(c) metallic bodies and low power ratings.
(d) non-metallic bodies and low power ratings.
Sol. In domestic electric circuit there are two types of circuits,
(1) 5A rating for low power rating appliances eg : Fan, Tube light etc.
(2) 15A rating for high power rating appliances eg : Geyser, Washing Machine etc.
So the correct option will be
(a) higher power rating such as geyser.
16. If four identical resistors of resistance 8 are first connected in series so as to given an
effective resistance Rs, and then connected in parallel so as to give an effective resistance,
Rs
Rp, then the ratio is –
RP
(a) 32 (b) 2 (c) 0.5 (d) 16

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Sol Option (d)
Given R equal to 8 ohm
When connected in series,
As
Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
[Rs = 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 = 8 × 4 = 32 ]
When connected in parallel,
as,
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
R eq R1 R 2 R3 R 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 = + + + = 4  = 
 RP 8 8 8 8 8 2 
So [RP = 2]
Then the ratio
R s 32 16
= = = 16
R P 2 1
Q.No.17 to 20 are Assertion -Reason based questions.
These consists of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions
selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
17. Assertion (A): The strength of the magnetic field produced at the centre of a current
carrying circular coil increases on increasing the number of turns in it.
Reason (R): The current in each circular turn has the same direction and the magnetic
field due to each turn then just adds up.
Sol. Correct option is (a) both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
If the direction of electric current is the same in each circular turn, by right hand thumb
rule, direction of magnetic field due to each circular turn will also remain the same, will
add up to cause increment in the magnetic field at the centre of the circular loops.
18. Assertion (A): The anaerobic respiration which takes place in yeast, has one of the end
products as an acid.
Reason (R): During anaerobic respiration there is incomplete breakdown of glucose.
Sol. Ans. (d)
The anaerobic respiration which takes place in yeast, has one of the end products as not an
acid. Its end products are ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. Some amount of energy (2ATP)
is released.

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19. Assertion (A): Genes inherited from the parents decide the sex of a child
Reason (R): X chromosomes in a male child is inherited from his father.
Sol. Ans. (c)
Genes inherited from the parents decide the sex of a child.
X - chromosome in a male child is inherited from his mother.
20. Assertion (A): The colour of aqueous solution of copper sulphate turns colourless when a
piece of lead is added to it.
Reason (R): Lead is more reactive than copper, and hence displaces coper from its salt
solution.
Sol. Option (a)
Both Assertion and Reason are true and R is the correct explanation of (A).
CuSO4 (aq) + Pb(s) → PbSO4 + Cu(s)
Blue Colourless

Section B
Q. NO. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions.

21. List two reasons to show that the existence of decomposers is essential in an ecosystem.
Sol. Existence of decomposers is essential in an ecosystem because –
(i) They decompose the dead bodies of animals and plants thus acts as cleansing agents of
the environment.
(ii) They help in recycling the material in biosphere thus, play a vital role in biogeochemical
or nutrient cycles. If there were no decomposers, the earth would have been a heap
of dead organisms.
22. (a) A narrow beam XY of white light is passing through a glass prism ABC as shown in the
diagram :
A
P
Y

Q
X B C
Trace it on you answer sheet and show the path of the emergent beam as observed
on the screen PQ.
Name the phenomenon observed and state its cause.
OR
(b) It is observed that the power of an eye to see nearby objects as well as far off objects
diminishes with age.
(i) Give reason for the above statement.
(ii) Name the defect that is likely to arise in the eyes in such a condition
(iii) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the type of corrective lens used for restoring
the vision of such an eye.

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Sol. (a) Here, V → violet, I → Indigo, B → Blue, G → Green, Y → Yellow, O → Orange, R → Red
Dispersion of white light : When a ray of white light fall on a triangular glass prism,
it gets spit into its 7 constituent colours called spectrum of white light, phenomenon
is called dispersion of white light.
Reason : The refractive index for an optical medium say Glass, is always more for the
incident ray of lesser wavelength and is less for the incident ray or larger wavelength,
hence when we pass white light through a triangular glass prism, violet light of white light
bend the most, Red bend the least, bending of all intermediate colours remain in between
these two colours hence white light split into 7 constituent spectrums of white light.
OR
(b) (i) With aging. Due to weaking of ciliary muscles, ciliary muscles cannot press the eye
lens sufficient to see the nearby things clearly, as well as due to the reduction in the
flexibility of eye lens. The eye lens cannot regain its original shape, hence cannot
see the far things clearly.
(ii) Presbyopia
Corrective lens
Corrective lens
(iii) Corrective
lens

Image Rays from Image

distant
object
25 cm
25cm
Yy x
23. Name the part of the human excretory system where nephrons are found. Write the
structure and function of nephrons.
Sol. Nephrons are found in kidney of human excretory system.
Structure of nephron:
The 4 regions of nephron are :
(i) Bowman's capsule: It is a large double walled cup. It lies in the renal cortex. It contains a tuft
of capillaries called glomerulus and the outer wall is continuous with the rest of the nephron.
(ii) PCT: It starts from the back of the Bowman's capsule and it is highly convoluted. It lies in
the renal cortex. The wall consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells bearing a lot of microvilli
on the surface.
(iii) Loop of Henle :It is a U-shaped segment of the nephron located in the renal medulla.
(iv) DCT : It is greatly twisted like the PCT and lies in the renal cortex. The terminal
relatively short part of the DCT is called the collecting tubule. It opens into the collecting
duct. The collecting ducts receive the collecting tubules of several nephrons.
Functions of nephron:
24. A knife which is used to cut a fruit was immediately dipped into water containing drops of
blue litmus solution. If the colour of the solution is changed to red, what inference can be
drawn about the nature of the fruits and why?
Sol. Nature of fruit is acidic as blue litmus solution turns red. Acid turns blue litmus into red.
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25. Write the sequence of events that involves response of a person when a dust particle is
inhaled through the nose by him.
Sol. Sequence of events that involve response of a person when a dust-particles inhaled
through the nose by him is -
Entry of dust particles into the nasal cavity → receptors into the nose (olfactory receptors)
receives this stimulus and generates electric signal → Sensory nerve Carries this signal
towards brain → Brain receives the signal than generates the command for response
→ Motor nerve carries impulses generated by brain → Effector → Sneezing.
26. (a) (i) A compound ‘X’ which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening
when mixed with proper quantity of water.
Identify ‘X’ and write its chemical formula.
(ii) State the difference in chemical formula.
OR
(b) Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when :
(i) Blue coloured copper sulphate crystals are heated and
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated during cooking.
(a) (i) X = Plaster of Paris
1
Chemical formula - CaSO4. H2O (Calcium sulphate hemihydrate)
2
(ii)
Baking soda Baking Powder
(i) Baking soda is a salt with the formula (i) It is a mixture of baking soda and
NaHCO3 sodium or potassium salt of organic
acid like tartaric acid.
(ii) Baking products formed when baking (ii) It gives fluffier products from
soda is used are not as fluffy when baking.
compared to baking powder products,
due to shorter reaction duration.

OR

(b) (i) CuSO4. 5H2O(s) ⎯⎯ → CuSO4(s) + 5H2O( )
Blue White

(ii) 2NaHCO3(s) ⎯⎯ → Na2CO3(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g)
27. (a) (i) Why does a kitchen garden called an artificial ecosystem while a forest is considered
to be a natural ecosystem?
(ii) While designing an artificial ecosystem at home, write any two things to be kept in mind
to convert it into a self-sustaining system. Give reason to justify your answer.
OR
(b) (i) Construct a food chain of four trophic levels comprising the following:
Hawk, snake, plants, rat.
(ii) 20,000 J of energy was transferred by the producers to the organism of second trophic
level. Calculate the amount of energy that will be transferred by organisms of the third
trophic level to the organisms of the fourth trophic level.
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Sol. (a) (i) Kitchen garden is called an artificial ecosystem because it is established by humans
for their requirement while a forest is considered a natural ecosystem because it is
naturally present in the ecosystem as well as it is a self-sustained unit, no human
interruption is required to maintain it.
(ii) While designing an artificial ecosystem, two things to be kept in mind to convert it into
a self-sustaining system are –
(1) We have to provide the natural resources like water, oxygen, light and nutrients to it so
that it can become a self-sustained unit.
(2) We have to include plants and animals both in it.
OR
(b) (i) Food chain – Plants → Rat → Snake → Hawk
(ii) According to the 10% law, in a food chain only 10% energy is transferred from one
trophic level to the next trophic level.
If 20, 000 J is transferred at 2nd trophic level than 10% of 20,000 = 2000 J will be at 3rd
trophic level and 10% of 2000 = 200 J will be at 4th trophic level.
Plants → Rat → Snake → Hawk
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
(20,000J) (2000J) (200J)

SECTION–C
28. (a) (i) State the rule used to find the force acting on a current carrying conductor placed
in a magnetic field.
(ii) Given below are three diagrams showing entry of an electron in a magnetic field.
Identify the case in which the force will be (1) maximum and (2) minimum
respectively. Give reason for your answer.
Electron Electron

Electron
Magnetic Magnetic Magnetic
field field field
(i) (ii) (iii)

OR
(b) (i) Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines of
(1) a current carrying solenoid
(2) a bar magnet
(ii) List two distinguishing features between the two fields.
Sol. (a) (i) Fleming’s left-hand rule : It is used to find the direction of force acting on a current
carrying conductor placed in an external magnetic field.
According to this rule, ‘stretch the thumb, fore finger and central finger of your left
hand such that they are mutually perpendicular. If the fore finger points in the
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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
direction of magnetic field and the central finger in the direction of current, then
the thumb will point in the direction of motion or the force acting on the conductor.’
Thumb : Force or motion

Fore finger : Field

Central finger : Current

Fleming's left hand rule

 Devices that use current-carrying conductors and magnetic fields include electric
motor, electric generator, loudspeakers, microphones, and measuring instruments
like ammeter, voltmeter, etc.
(ii) (1) Maximum force will act on the charged particle when it move perpendicular to the
direction of external magnetic field, so as shown in figure (i) as charged particle
(electron) enters perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field, hence will
experience maximum force
(2) Force acting on the charged particle is zero in case (iii) as electron is moving parallel
(in direction) of magnetic field.
OR
(b) (i) (1) Current carrying solenoid

(2) Bar magnet

(ii) Two distinguishing features between solenoid and bar magnet are follows :
(1) We can increase and decrease the strength of magnetic field produced by a solenoid
by changing the magnitude of current.
(2) We can reverse the polarity of the solenoid by reversing the direction of current.

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29. A person is suffering from an eye defect in which the far point of the eye is nearer than
infinity. Identify the defect. List two main causes of this defect.
Draw a ray diagram to show how this defect is corrected by using a suitable lens.
Sol. The person is suffering from myopia.
This defect arises because the power of eye lens is too great, due to the decrease in focal
length of the eye lens. This may arise due to either excessive curvature of the cornea or
elongation of the eye ball.

x
Correction for a myopic eye
30. (a) The image of an object formed by a lens is of same size but inverted. If the object
distance is 30 cm, calculate
(i) The distance between the object and its image.
(ii) Focal length of the lens.
(b) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formed in above case.
Sol. (a) Given, u = –30 cm, 2f = 30 cm
(i) As the image formed is of same size, object is kept at 2f.
Object distance + Image distance = 30 cm + 30 cm = 60 cm
(ii) Focal length of the lens = 30 cm

A
F2 B'
(b) B
2F1 F1 O 2F2
30 cm 30 cm A'

31. (a) (i) State the role of ATP in cellular respiration.

(ii) What ensures sufficient exchange of gases in plants?
(iii) State the conditions on which the direction of diffusion of gases in plant depend
upon.
OR
(b) (i) What is the internal energy reserve in plants and animals?
(ii) How desert plants perform photosynthesis if their stomata remain closed during
the day?
Sol. (a) (i) Energy liberated in the process of cellular respiration is temporarily stored in the
form of ATP.
(ii) Plants do not have respiratory system, each part of the plant performs the gaseous
exchange at their own level with structures stomata (leaves), lenticels (stem) and general
surface (roots).
Moreover, intercellular spaces reduce the distance of diffusion between cells and air.
(iii) Conditions on which the direction of diffusion of gases in plant depends upon –
1. The environmental conditions like temperature, sunlight etc.
2. The requirements of plant.
OR
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(b) (i) Internal energy reserve in plants is starch and in animals is glycogen.
(ii) In desert plants, the stomata remain closed during day to reduce the water loss
through transpiration. They open up their stomata during night for gaseous exchange, CO2
is taken in, temporarily stored and later utilized in photosynthesis during day.
32. Write the chemical composition of tooth enamel. Under what conditions of pH is starts
corroding? Explain the reason of tooth decay and suggest one method to prevent it.
Sol. Chemical composition - Ca3(PO4)2
When we take food, some food particles remain in the mouth after eating and bacteria
present in the mouth produce acids by degradation of food particles.
This acid lowers the pH in the mouth, tooth decay starts when the pH of acid formed in the
mouth falls below 5.5 and the enamel get corroded.
33. (a) Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions:
(i) 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O
(ii) H2O + F2 → HF + HOF
(iii) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
(iv) 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
(b) Define a redox reaction in terms of gain or loss of oxygen.
Sol. (a) (i) NH3 → Reducing agent.
(ii) H2O → Reducing agent
(iii) CO → Reducing agent
(iv) H2 → Reducing agent
(b) Loss of oxygen is called reduction and gain of oxygen is called oxidation.

Section D
Q. No. 34 to 36 are long answer questions.

34. (a) An electric iron consumes energy at a rate of 880 W when heating is at the
maximum rate and 330 W when the heating is at the minimum. If the source voltage
is 220 V, calculate the current and resistance in each case.
(b) What is heating effect of electric current?
(c) Find an expression for the amount of heat produced when a current passes through
a resistor for some time.
Sol. The rate of consumption of energy
(a) Given : Pmax = 880W 

Pmin = 330W 
As electrical power is given by,
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[P = VI]  {Pmax = VImax}
Pmax 880W
Imax = = = 4A
V 220V
 {Pmin = VImin}
Pmin 330
Imin = = = 1.5A
V 220
By ohm’s law
 V
[V= IR]  R = 
 I
V 220
R min = =
Imax 4
R min = 55
V 220
R max = =
Imin 1.5
R max = 146.6
(b) When electric current flows through a conductor a part of electrical energy gets
converted into heat energy due to the Resistance of the conductor, this is called heating
effect of electric current.
(c) As, the electrical power,
Totalelectricalenergy transferred(E)
P=
Totaltimetaken
E=P×t as
 P = VI 
 
[E = I Rt]
2
P = IR(I)
 P = I2R 
 
For a pure resistor (which convert entirely the electrical energy into heat energy)
The total electrical energy transferred in time ‘t’ is equal to the total heat energy
produced and is given by H = I2Rt
This expression is called “Joule’s law of heating”
W E
P= =
t t
E=P×t
H = E = I2Rt
35. (a) What happens when the egg is not fertilized?
(b) How is sperm genetically different from a human egg/ova?
(c) List any three contraceptive methods practiced for family planning. Mention how these
methods work.
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Sol. (a) If fertilization does not occur, the released egg and the thickened lining of the uterus
along with its blood vessels are shed off. This causes bleeding in women which is called
menstruation.
(b) Sperm is genetically different from a human egg/ova as it may have two possibilities
for the sex chromosome, i.e. either ‘X’ or ‘Y’ sex chromosomes, whereas the egg/ova has
only one possibility for the sex chromosome i.e. ‘X’ chromosome.
(c) Three contraceptive methods practised for family planning are as follows:
(i) Condoms:
Condoms which are the rubber or plastic sheets put on the penis before coital activity. They
form physical barrier and avoid any encounter of sperm and ovum. Hence, help in avoiding
fertilisation.
(ii) IUCD:
Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devices like copper T and loops fitted in the uterus, help to
prevent fertilization and implantation of embryo.
(iii) Oral contraceptive (OC) pills:
Use of oral contraceptive (OC) pills which inhibit the secretion of FSH (Follicle
Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinising Hormone) from the anterior lobe of pituitary
gland and thus inhibiting ovulation from the ovary. These contraceptives therefore
change the hormonal balance so that egg cell is not released (inhibit ovulation) and hence
prevent fertilization.
36. (a) A saturated organic compound ‘A’ belongs to the homologous series of alcohols.
On heating ‘A with concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K, it forms an unsaturated
compound ‘B’ on addition of one mole of hydrogen in the presence of Nickel, changes
to a saturated hydrocarbon ‘ ’.
(i) Identify A, B and C.
(ii) Write the chemical equations showing the conversion of A into B.
(iii) What happens when compound C undergoes combustion?
(iv) State one industrial application of hydrogenation reaction.
(v) Name the products formed when compound A reacts with sodium.
OR
(b) (i) With the help of diagram, show the formation of micelles, when soap is applied on
oily dirt.
(ii) Take two test tubes X and Y with 10 mL of hard water in each. In test tube ‘X’, add
few drops of soap solution and in test tube ‘Y’ add a few drops of detergent
solution. Shake both the test tubes for the same period.
(1) In which test tube the formation of foam will be more? Why?
(2) In which test tube is a curdy solid formed? Why?

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SCIENCE
Sol. (a) (i) A → C2H5OH [Ethanol]
B → C2H4 [Ethene]
C → C2H6 [Ethane]
(ii) C2H5OH ⎯⎯⎯
443K
→ CH2 = CH2 + H2O
( A) (B)

(iii) When 'C' [C2H6] is burnt in presence of air, CO2 & H2O are formed.
(iv) Hydrogenation is very useful to obtain vegetable Ghee (unsaturated) from
vegetable oils (saturated).
(v) Sodium ethoxide
2C2H5OH + 2Na → 2C2H5ONa + H2
(A) (sodium ethoxide)

OR
(b) (i)

Dirt particles
(Oil or grease) ydrophilic end
Soap molecule ydrophobic end

Na+ Grease or dirt

Oil
Na+ Na+

Water

(ii) (1) In 'Y', foam formation will be more. Because in the presence of detergent, scum is
not formed, whereas in presence of soap scum is produced. Hence formation of
foam will be more in test tube Y.
(2) In 'X'
Due to formation of scum.

SECTION–E
Q.No. 37 to 39 are case based/data base questions with 2 to 3 short sub-parts.
Internal choice is provided in one of these sub-parts.
37. Hold a concave mirror in your hand and direct its reflecting surface towards the sun. Direct
the light reflected by the mirror on to a white card- board held close to the mirror. Move
the card-board back and forth gradually until you find a bright, sharp spot of light on the
board. This spot of light is the image of the sun on the sheet of paper; which is also termed
as “Principal Focus” of the concave mirror.

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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
Concave
mirror

F O
Principal
axis

Principal
Focus

(a) List two applications of concave mirror. 1

(b) If the distance between the mirror and the principal focus is 15 cm, find the radius of
curvature of the mirror. 1
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the type of image formed when an object is placed
between pole and focus of a concave mirror. 2
OR
(c) An object 10 cm is size is placed at 100 cm in front of a concave mirror. If its image is
formed at the same point where the object is located, find : 2
(i) focal length of the mirror, and
(ii) Magnification of the image formed with sign as per Cartesian sign convention.
Sol. (a) Two application of concave mirror are :-
(1) As makeup mirror and shaving mirror
(2) Use by doctors (ENT specialist, Dentist etc.)
(b) Given f = – 15 cm
R=?
R = 2f = 2 × (– 15) cm
= – 30 cm
(c) Concave mirror A'
A
C
F B P B'

Image :- Formed behind the mirror, Virtual and erect, Magnified / enlarged.
OR
(c) As per the question, concave mirror image is formed at the same point where the
object is located. It is only possible when object is placed at centre of curvature of
mirror. As per given is questions object distance is 100 cm. (u = – 100 cm)
So image distances is also 100 cm. (v = – 100 cm)
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SCIENCE
From figure radius of curvature
R = – 100 cm
R
(1) f = A
2
−100 B
f= B' C P
2 F
v A'
(2) m =
u 100 cm
−(100)
= = −1
−100
Nature of image
Magnification  – Ve
Image  Real & inverted
Size  Same as object
38. In order to trace the inheritance of traits Mendel crossed pea plants having one contrasting
character or a pair of contrasting characters. When he crossed pea plants having round and
yellow seeds with pea plants having wrinkled and green seeds, he observed that no plants
with wrinkled and green seeds were obtained in the F1 generation. When the F1 generation
pea plants were cross-bred by self-pollination, the F2 generation had seeds with different
combinations of shape and colour also.
(a) Write any two pairs of contrasting characteristics of pea plant used by Mendel other
than those mentioned above. 1
(b) Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits. 1
(c) State the ratio of the combinations observed in the seeds of F 2 generation (in the
above case). What do you interpret from this result? 2
OR
(c) Given below is a cross between a pure violet flowered pea plant (V) and a pure white
flowered pea plant (v). Diagrammatically explain what type of progeny is obtained in
F1 generation and F2 generation :
Pure violet flowered plant × Pure white flowered plant. 2
(V V) (v v)
Sol. (a) The two pairs of contrasting characteristic used by Mendel were :-
(i) Height of pea plant (Tall & dwarf).
(ii) Shape of pea pod (Inflated & constricted).
(b) Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits -
S.N. Dominant Recessive
(1) Of the two alternating Of the two alternating forms of a trait,
forms of a trait, the one the one which is suppressed (does not
which appears in F1 hybrid appear) in F1 hybrid is recessive trait .
is dominant trait.
(2) Example – Tallness (Height) Example – Dwarfness
(Height )
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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
(c) The ratio of the combinations observed in the seeds of F2 generation is 9:3:3:1.
9- Round and yellow
3- Round and green
3- Wrinkled and yellow
1- wrinkled and green
We can interpret from the above cross that new combinations are formed other
than parental combination as a result of independent assortment of two pairs of
contrasting characters.
OR
(c) Selfing of F plants 1

Parent Pure violet Pure white

flowered plant flowered plant Violet flowered plant Violet flowered plant
(Pure) VV vv
Vv Vv

Male
Gametes

Gametes V v
Female V v
Gametes
VV Vv
V Violet Violet
Fertilization
Vv Vv vv
Violet flowered Violet White
plant
v

F2 Generation
F1 Generation

Phenotypic ratio = 3 : 1
(Violet (White
Flowered plant) flowered plant)
In F1 generation all the plants are violet flowered.
In F2 generation 75% plants are violet flowered while 25% are white flowered.
F2 Generation
39. Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Metal oxides are generally
basic in nature. But some metal oxides show both basic as well as acidic behaviour.
Different metals show different reactivities towards oxygen. Some react vigorously while
some do not react at all.
(a) What happens when copper is heated in air? (Give the equation of the reaction
involved) 1
(b) Why are some metal oxides categorized as amphoteric? Give one example. 1
(c) Complete the following equations : 2
(i) Na2O(s) + H2O() →
(ii) Al2O3 + 2NaOH →
OR

(c) On burning Sulphur in oxygen a colourless gas is produced. 2

(i) Write chemical equation for the reaction.
(ii) Name the gas formed.
(iii) State the nature of the gas.
(iv) What will be the action of this on a dry litmus paper?
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SCIENCE
Sol. (a) When copper is heated in air it is oxidized to copper (II) oxide (CuO).
2Cu + O2 → 2CuO
(Black )

(b) Because some metal oxides show both basic and acidic character when they react with
acids and poses respectively to form salt and water.
Ex: Al2O3, ZnO.
(c) (i) Na2O(s) + H2O() ⎯→ 2NaOH(aq)

(ii) Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH ⎯→ NaAlO2(aq) + H2O().

OR
(i) S(s) + O2(g) ⎯→ SO2(g)
(ii) Sulphur dioxide gas.
(iii) Its nature is acidic, because it’s the oxide of non-metal.
(iv) No effect on dry litmus paper.

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