CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EXAMINATION

CBSE-2022-23

Paper: SCIENCE
Date: 04-03-2023 Code: 31/1/3

Max. Marks: 100 SOLUTIONS Time allowed: 3 hours

Section A
Select and write one most appropriate option out of the four options given for
1. The emission of brown fumes in the given experimental set-up is due to

(a) Thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces brown fumes of nitrogen
dioxide.
(b) thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces brown fumes of lead oxide.
(c) oxidation of lead nitrate forming lead oxide and nitrogen dioxide.
(d) oxidation of lead nitrate forming lead oxide and oxygen.
Sol. Option (a)
2Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
Brown fumes are due to evolution of NO2(g).
2. In the experimental setup given below, it is observed that on passing the gas produced in
the reaction in the solution 'X' the solution 'X' first turns milky and then colourless.

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SCIENCE
The option that justifies the above stated observation is that 'X' is aqueous calcium
hydroxide and Ca(OH)2
(a) it turns milky due to carbon dioxide gas liberated in the reaction and after sometime it
becomes colourless due to formation of calcium hydrogen carbonate which is soluble
in water.
(b) it turns milky due to formation of calcium carbonate and on passing excess of carbon
dioxide it becomes colourless due to formation of calcium hydrogen carbonate which
is soluble in water.
(c) it turns milky due to passing carbon dioxide through it. It turns colourless as on further
passing carbon dioxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate is formed which is soluble in
water.
(d) The carbon dioxide liberated during the reaction turns lime water milky due to
formation of calcium hydrogen carbonate and after some time it turns colourless due
to formation of calcium carbonate which is solution in water.
Sol. Option (b)
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O()
CaCO3(s) + H2O + CO2(g) → Ca ( HCO3 )2 ( aq )
colourless

It turns milky due to formation of CaCO3 and then colourless due to formation of Ca(HCO3)2
which is soluble in water.
3. The table below has information regarding pH and the nature (acidic/basic) of four
different solutions. Which one of the option in the table is correct?
Option Solution Colour of pH paper Approximate Nature of
pH value solution
(a) Lemon juice Orange 3 Basic
(b) Milk of magnesia Blue 10 Basic
(c) Gastric juice Red 6 Acidic
(d) Pure water Yellow 7 Neutral

Sol. Option (2)

(a) is incorrect because lemon juice has pH = 3 so it is acidic in nature.
(c) is incorrect because pH range of gastric juice is between 2-3.
(d) is incorrect as colour pH paper for pure water (neutral) is green.
4. MnO2 + xHCl → MnCl2 + yH2O + zCl2
In order to balance the above chemical equation, the values of x, y and z respectively are :
(a) 6, 2, 2 (b) 4, 1, 2 (c) 4, 2, 1 (d) 2, 2, 1
Sol. Option (c)
MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2.
5. Select washing soda from the following :
(a) NaHCO3 (b) Na2CO3.5H2O (c) Na2CO3.10H2O (d) NaOH
Sol. Option (c)
Formula of washing soda is Na2CO3.10H2O.

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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
6. Consider the structure of the three cyclic carbon compounds A, B and C given below and
select the correct option from the following:

(A) (B) (C)

(1) A and C are isomers of hexane and B is benzene.

(2) A is an isomer of hexane, B is benzene and C is an isomer of hexane.
(3) A is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and B and C are unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons.
(4) A is cyclohexane and B and C are the isomers of benzene.
Sol. Option (c)
A is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon as it contains single bond only. B and C are unsaturated
cyclic hydrocarbons as they contain at least one double bond.
7. The following diagram shows the electrolytic refining of copper
Key +
– – –e
e
Cathode – + Anode
Tank
Acidified
Impurities copper
(anode mud) sulphate
solution
Which of the following statements is incorrect description of the process?
(a) The impure metal from the anode dissolves into the electrolyte.
(b) The pure metal from the electrolyte is deposited on the cathode.
(c) Insoluble impurities settle down at the bottom of the anode.
(d) On passing the current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from the anode dissolves
into the electrolyte.
Sol. Option (d)
Pure metal from the anode deposits on the surface of cathode.
8. Consider the following statements about small intestine and select the one which is NOT
correct:
(a) The length of the small intestine in animals differs as it depends on the type of food they eat.
(b) The small intestine is the site of complete digestion of food.
(c) The small intestine receives secretions from liver and pancreas.
(d) The villi of the small intestine absorb water from the unabsorbed food before it gets
removed from the body via the anus.
Sol. Ans (d)
Large intestine is the site of absorption of water from the unabsorbed food before it gets
removed from the body via the anus.
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9. An organisms which breaks down the food material outside the body and then absorbed it is
(a) A plant parasite, Cuscuta (b) An animal parasite, Tapeworm
(c) A bacteria, Rhizobium (d) A fungi, Rhizopus
Sol. Ans (d)
Fungi and Rhizopus are the example of saprotrophs, which break down the food material
outside the body and then absorbs it.
10. Which of the following metals do not corrode in moist air?
(a) Copper (b) Iron (c) Gold (d) Silver
Sol. Option (c)
Gold being noble metal, do not corrode in moist air.
11. Select from the following the correct statement about tropic movement in plants.
(a) It is due to stimulus of touch and temperature.
(b) It does not depend upon the direction of stimulus received.
(c) It is observed only in roots and not in stems.
(d) It is a growth-related movement.
Sol. Ans (d)
Tropic movement in plants is growth related movement that depends upon the direction
of stimulus and it is observed in roots and stems both, in response to sunlight, touch, water,
gravity etc.
12. The statement that correctly describes the characteristics(s) of a gene is:
(a) In individuals of a given species, a specific gene is located in a particular chromosome.
(b) A gene is not the information source for making proteins in the cell.
(c) Each chromosome has only one gene located all along its length.
(d) All the inherited traits in human beings are not controlled by genes.
Sol. Ans (a)
In individuals of a given species, specific gene is located on a particular chromosome a gene
is the information source for making proteins in the cell, multiple genes are located on the
chromosome which control the inheritance of all the traits in huma beings.
13. In domestic electric circuits the wiring with 15 A current rating is for the electric devices which
have –
(a) higher power ratings such as geyser.
(b) lower power ratings such as fan.
(c) metallic bodies and low power ratings.
(d) non-metallic bodies and low power ratings.
Sol. In domestic electric circuit there are two types of circuits,
(1) 5A rating for low power rating appliances eg : Fan, Tube light etc.
(2) 15A rating for high power rating appliances eg : Geyser, Washing Machine etc.
So the correct option will be
(a) higher power rating such as geyser.
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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
14. If four identical resistors of resistance 8 are first connected in series so as to given an
effective resistance Rs, and then connected in parallel so as to give an effective resistance,
Rs
Rp, then the ratio is –
RP
(a) 32 (b) 2 (c) 0.5 (d) 16
Sol Option (d)
Given R equal to 8 ohm
When connected in series,
As
Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
[Rs = 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 = 8 × 4 = 32 ]
When connected in parallel,
as,
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
R eq R1 R 2 R3 R 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
 = + + + = 4  = 
 RP 8 8 8 8 8 2 
So [RP = 2]
Then the ratio
R s 32 16
= = = 16
R P 2 1
15. The resultant magnetic field at point ‘P’ situated midway between two parallel wires (placed
horizontally) each carrying a steady current I is:
A B
•P
C D
(a) In the same direction as the current in the wires.
(b) In the vertically upward direction.
(c) Zero
(d) In the vertically downward direction.
Sol. Zero is correct.
Magnetic field at a point P in the given diagram is the resultant of the magnetic field due to
(wire AB) and (wire CD)
A B × Into the plane
AB × • CD
•P • Out of the plane
C D

Applying ‘Right hand Thumb Rule’, we can obtain direction of magnetic field at a point P
into the plane due to the current flowing in wire AB and out of the plane due to the current
flowing in wire CD.
As the strength of the magnetic field due to each wire is the same due to equal current
flowing and as point P is at equal distance from each wire, both magnetic fields cancel each
other and the net magnetic field strength at point P will remain zero.
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16. If the current I through a resistor is increased by 100% (at constant temperature), the
increases in power dissipated will be
(a) 100 %
(b) 200%
(c) 300%
(d) 400%
Sol. P = VI = I2R
I’ = I + 100% of I = 2I
P’ = I’2 = (2I)2R = 4I2R
Increase in power dissipated = P’ – P = 3I2R
3I2R
Increase% =  100% = 300%
I2R
Q.No.17 to 20 are Assertion -Reason based questions.
These consists of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions
selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
17. Assertion (A): Genes inherited from the parents decide the sex of a child
Reason (R): X chromosomes in a male child is inherited from his father.
Sol. Ans (c)
Genes inherited from the parents decide the sex of a child.
X - chromosome in a male child is inherited from his mother.
18. Assertion (A): The colour of aqueous solution of copper sulphate turns colourless when a
piece of lead is added to it.
Reason (R): Lead is more reactive than copper, and hence displaces coper from its salt
solution.
Sol. Option (a)
Both Assertion and Reason are true and R is the correct explanation of (A).
CuSO4 (aq) + Pb(s) → PbSO4 + Cu(s)
Blue Colourless

19. Assertion (A): The strength of the magnetic field produced at the centre of a current
carrying circular coil increases on increasing the number of turns in it.
Reason (R): The current in each circular turn has the same direction and the magnetic
field due to each turn then just adds up.
Sol. Correct option is (a) both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
If the direction of electric current is the same in each circular turn, by right hand thumb
rule, direction of magnetic field due to each circular turn will also remain the same, will
add up to cause increment in the magnetic field at the centre of the circular loops.

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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
20. Assertion (A): Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary vein.
Reason (R): Right atrium transfers deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle, which
pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation.
Sol. Ans (b)
Both statements are true but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1.

Section B
Q. NO. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions.
21. A plant hormone helps in bending of the stem. Name the hormone and explain how the
movement is achieved.
Sol. Auxin helps in binding of stem towards light.
When growing plants detect light, auxin synthesized at shoot tip, helps the cells to grow
longer. When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady
side of the shoot.
This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the shoot
which is away from light. Thus, the plant appears to bend towards light.
The effect of auxin on the growth of root is exactly opposite to that on a stem. In high
concentration, auxin inhibits root elongation and instead, enhance adventitious root
formation.
22. (a) (i) A compound ‘X’ which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening
when mixed with proper quantity of water.
Identify ‘X’ and write its chemical formula.
(ii) State the difference in chemical composition between baking soda and baking
powder.
OR
(b) Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs when :
(i) Blue coloured copper sulphate crystals are heated and
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated during cooking.
Sol. (a) (i) X = Plaster of Paris
1
Chemical formula - CaSO4. H2O (Calcium sulphate hemihydrate)
2
(ii)
Baking soda Baking Powder
(i) Baking soda is a salt with the formula (i) It is a mixture of baking soda and
NaHCO3 sodium or potassium salt of organic
acid like tartaric acid.
(ii) Baking products formed when baking (ii) It gives fluffier products from
soda is used are not as fluffy when baking.
compared to baking powder products,
due to shorter reaction duration.

OR

(b) (i) CuSO4. 5H2O(s) ⎯⎯→ CuSO4(s) + 5H2O( )
Blue White

(ii) 2NaHCO3(s) ⎯⎯→ Na2CO3(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g)

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23. Name the part of the human excretory system where nephrons are found. Write the
structure and function of nephrons.
Sol. Nephrons are found in kidney of human excretory system.
Structure of nephron:
The 4 regions of nephron are :
(i) Bowman's capsule: It is a large double walled cup. It lies in the renal cortex. It contains a
tuft of capillaries called glomerulus and the outer wall is continuous with the rest of the nephron.
(ii) PCT: It starts from the back of the Bowman's capsule and it is highly convoluted. It lies in
the renal cortex. The wall consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells bearing a lot of microvilli
on the surface.
(iii) Loop of Henle :It is a U-shaped segment of the nephron located in the renal medulla.
(iv) DCT : It is greatly twisted like the PCT and lies in the renal cortex. The terminal
relatively short part of the DCT is called the collecting tubule. It opens into the collecting
duct. The collecting ducts receive the collecting tubules of several nephrons.
Functions of nephron:
Functions of nephron are filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion.
24. Write the constituents of solder alloy. Which property of solder makes it suitable for
welding electrical wires?
Sol. Solder is an alloy of lead and tin. Low melting point of solder makes it suitable for
welding electrical wires.
25. Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause of concern? What step are being taken to limit
this damage?
Sol. The ozone layer is very important for the existence of life on earth because it absorbs
most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun and prevents them from
reaching the earth. The thinning of ozone layer is commonly called ozone depletion.
Damaged to the ozone layer is a cause of concern because depletion of ozone layer cause -
(i) Ultraviolet radiations cause skin cancer.
(ii) These cause damage to eyes and also can cause increased incidence of cataract disease
in eyes.
(iii) These cause damage to immune system by lowering the body's resistance to diseases.
Steps being taken to limit this damage are -
(a) Reduce the use of chlorofluorocarbon in refrigerators, air conditioners, etc.
(b) Avoid using CFCs in aerosols, sprays, etc.
(c) Complete freeze on large scale CFC production.

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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
26. (a) A narrow beam XY of white light is passing through a glass prism ABC as shown in the
diagram :
A
P
Y

Q
X B C
Trace it on you answer sheet and show the path of the emergent beam as observed
on the screen PQ.
Name the phenomenon observed and state its cause.
OR
(b) It is observed that the power of an eye to see nearby objects as well as far off objects
diminishes with age.
(i) Give reason for the above statement.
(ii) Name the defect that is likely to arise in the eyes in such a condition
(iii) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the type of corrective lens used for restoring
the vision of such an eye.
Sol. Here, V → violet, I → Indigo, B → Blue, G → Green, Y → Yellow, O → Orange, R → Red
Dispersion of white light : When a ray of white light fall on a triangular glass prism, it gets
spit into its 7 constituent colours called spectrum of white light, phenomenon is called
dispersion of white light.
Reason : The refractive index for an optical medium say Glass, is always more for the
incident ray of lesser wavelength and is less for the incident ray or larger wavelength,
hence when we pass white light through a triangular glass prism, violet light of white light
bend the most, Red bend the least, bending of all intermediate colours remain in between
these two colours hence white light split into 7 constituent spectrums of white light.
(b) (i) With aging. Due to weaking of ciliary muscles, ciliary muscles cannot press the eye
lens sufficient to see the nearby things clearly, as well as due to the reduction in the
flexibility of eye lens. The eye lens cannot regain its original shape, hence cannot
see the far things clearly.
(ii) Presbyopia
Corrective lens
Corrective lens

(iii) Corrective
lens
Image
Rays from Image
distant
object
25 cm
25cm
Yy x

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SECTION–C

27. A chemical compound X is used in glass, soap and paper industries. On treatment with
ethanoic acid, it forms salt, water and caron dioxide.
(a) Identify X.
(b) How is this compound obtained from brine? Write the equations involved.
(c) State the number of molecules of water of crystallization present in compound X.
Sol. (a) X is washing soda, Na2CO3.10H2O.
(b) NaCl + H2O + NH3 + CO2 → NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
2NaHCO3 ⎯⎯ 
→ Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Na2CO3 + 10H2O ⎯→ Na2CO3.10H2O
(c) 10 molecules of water.
28. (a) Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions:
(i) 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O
(ii) H2O + F2 → HF + HOF
(iii) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
(iv) 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
(b) Define a redox reaction in terms of gain or loss of oxygen.
Sol. (a) (i) NH3 → Reducing agent.
(ii) H2O → Reducing agent
(iii) CO → Reducing agent
(iv) H2 → Reducing agent
(b) Loss of oxygen is called reduction and gain of oxygen is called oxidation.
29. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on a screen 60 cm in front of a mirror
by keeping the candle at a distance of 15 cm from its pole.
(a) Name the type of mirror used.
(b) Also calculate :
(i) Magnification of the image produced
(ii) Distance between object and its image
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation.
Sol. As the image is to be projected on screen, the image should be real.
(a) Concave Mirror is used to obtain real image.
(b) (i) Given, v= –60 cm, u = –15 cm
−v − ( −60)
m= = −4
u −15
(ii) Distance between object and its image = 45 cm
1 1 1
(c) Using mirror formula, + =
v u f
1 1 1 A
 + = C
−60 −15 f B'
B P
−1 + ( −4 ) 1 −5 1 F
 =  = –15 cm
60 f 60 f A'
 f = −12cm –60 cm
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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
30. (a) (i) State the role of ATP in cellular respiration.
(ii) What ensures sufficient exchange of gases in plants?
(iii) State the conditions on which the direction of diffusion of gases in plant depend
upon.
OR
(b) (i) What is the internal energy reserve in plants and animals?
(ii) How desert plants perform photosynthesis if their stomata remain closed during
the day?
Sol. (a) (i) Energy liberated in the process of cellular respiration is temporarily stored in the
form of ATP.
(ii) Plants do not have respiratory system, each part of the plant performs the gaseous
exchange at their own level with structures stomata (leaves), lenticels (stem) and general
surface (roots).
Moreover, intercellular spaces reduce the distance of diffusion between cells and air.
(iii) Conditions on which the direction of diffusion of gases in plant depends upon –
1. The environmental conditions like temperature, sunlight etc.
2. The requirements of plant.
OR
(b) (i) Internal energy reserve of plant is starch and of animals is glycogen.
(ii) In desert plants, the stomata remain closed during day to reduce the water loss
through transpiration. They open up their stomata during night for gaseous
exchange, CO2 is taken in, temporarily stored and later utilized in photosynthesis
during day.
31. (a) (i) State the rule used to find the force acting on a current carrying conductor placed
in a magnetic field.
(ii) Given below are three diagrams showing entry of an electron in a magnetic field.
Identify the case in which the force will be (1) maximum and (2) minimum
respectively. Give reason for your answer.
Electron Electron

Electron
Magnetic Magnetic Magnetic
field field field
(i) (ii) (iii)

OR
(b) (i) Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines of
(1) a current carrying solenoid
(2) a bar magnet
(ii) List two distinguishing features between the two fields.

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Sol. (a) (i) Fleming’s left-hand rule : It is used to find the direction of force acting on a current
carrying conductor placed in an external magnetic field.
According to this rule, ‘stretch the thumb, fore finger and central finger of your left hand
such that they are mutually perpendicular. If the fore finger points in the direction of
magnetic field and the central finger in the direction of current, then the thumb will point
in the direction of motion or the force acting on the conductor.’
Thumb : Force or motion

Fore finger : Field

Central finger : Current

Fleming's left hand rule

 Devices that use current-carrying conductors and magnetic fields include electric motor,
electric generator, loudspeakers, microphones, and measuring instruments like ammeter,
voltmeter, etc.
(ii) (1) Maximum force will act on the charged particle when it move perpendicular to the
direction of external magnetic field, so as shown in figure (i) as charged particle
(electron) enters perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field, hence will experience
maximum force
(2) Force acting on the charged particle is zero in case (iii) as electron is moving parallel
(in direction) of magnetic field.
OR
(b) (i)
(1) Current carrying solenoid

(2) Bar magnet

(ii) Two distinguishing features between solenoid and bar magnet are follows :
(1) We can increase and decrease the strength of magnetic field produced by a solenoid by
changing the magnitude of current.
(2) We can reverse the polarity of the solenoid by reversing the direction of current.
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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
32. (a) (i) Why does a kitchen garden called an artificial ecosystem while a forest is considered
to be a natural ecosystem?
(ii) While designing an artificial ecosystem at home, write any two things to be kept in mind
to convert it into a self-sustaining system. Give reason to justify your answer.
OR
(b) (i) Construct a food chain of four trophic levels comprising the following:
Hawk, snake, plants, rat.
(ii) 20,000 J of energy was transferred by the producers to the organism of second trophic
level. Calculate the amount of energy that will be transferred by organisms of the third
trophic level to the organisms of the fourth trophic level.
Sol. (a) (i) Kitchen garden is called an artificial ecosystem because it is established by humans
for their requirement while a forest is considered a natural ecosystem because it is
naturally present in the ecosystem as well as it is a self-sustained unit, no human
interruption is required to maintain it
(ii) While designing an artificial ecosystem, two things to be kept in mind to convert it into
a self-sustaining system are –
(1) We have to provide the natural resources like water, oxygen, light and nutrients to it so
that it can become a self-sustained unit.
(2) We have to include plants and animals both in it so
OR
(b) (i) Food chain – Plants → Rat → Snake → Hawk
(ii) According to the 10% law, in a food chain only 10% energy is transferred from one
trophic level to the next trophic level.
If 20, 000 J is transferred at 2nd trophic level than 10% of 20,000 = 2000 J will be at 3rd
trophic level and 10% of 2000 = 200 J will be at 4th trophic level.
Plants → Rat → Snake → Hawk
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
(20,000J) (2000J) (200J)
33. A person cannot see distinctly the object placed beyond 5 m from his eyes. Name the defect
of vision the person is suffering from. Draw a ray diagram to illustrate this defect. List its
two possible causes. Name the lens used for the correction of this defect.
Sol. The person is suffering from myopia.

This defect arises because the power of eye lens is too great, due to the decrease in focal
length of the eye lens. This may arise due to either excessive curvature of the cornea or
elongation of the eye ball.
The lens used for the correction of this defect is concave lens.

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Section D

Select and write one most appropriate option out of the four options given for each of the
questions. 1- 20:
Q. No. 34 to 36 are long answer questions.
34. (a) Mention the role of the following organs of human male reproductive system:
(i) Testis (ii) Scrotum (iii) Vas-deferens (iv) Seminal vesicle
(b) What is placenta? State its function in a human female.
Sol. (a) Role of the following organs of human male reproductive system:
(i) Testes: They are the primary sex organs A pair of testes are located outside the
abdominal cavity in scrotum. They produce the germ cells or sperms. They also secrete
male sex hormone testosterone into the blood that brings about development of
secondary sexual characters in boys at time of puberty.
(ii) Scrotum: The scrotum is a pouch of skin that enclose the testes. These arise from
the lower abdominal wall and act as a thermoregulator, maintaining the testes at a
temperature 2°C lower than that of the body which is required for normal development
and maturation of sperms.
(iii) Vas deferens: The sperms formed are delivered through the vas deferens which
unites with a tube, urethra, coming from the urinary bladder.
(iv) Seminal vesicle: Along the path of the vas deferens, glands like the prostate gland
and the seminal vesicle add their secretions and mucus so that the sperms are now in
a fluid that is collectively called seminal fluid or semen which makes their transport
easier and this fluid also provides nutrition.
(b) Placenta :
The embryo gets nutrition from the mother's blood with the help of a special tissue called
placenta.
Placenta is a fully formed reddish brown disc embedded in the uterine wall, that serves to
bring the foetal and maternal blood close enough to permit the exchange of materials
between the two. It contains villi. On the mother's side are blood spaces, which surround
the villi. This provides a large surface area for glucose and oxygen to pass from the
mother to the embryo. The developing embryo will also generate waste substances which
can be removed by transferring them into the mother's blood through the placenta.
35. (a) An electric iron consumes energy at a rate of 880 W when heating is at the
maximum rate and 330 W when the heating is at the minimum. If the source voltage
is 220 V, calculate the current and resistance in each case.
(b) What is heating effect of electric current?
(c) Find an expression for the amount of heat produced when a current passes through
a resistor for some time.
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 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
Sol. The rate of consumption of energy
(a) Given : Pmax = 880W 
Pmin = 330W 
As electrical power is given by,
[P = VI]  {Pmax = VImax}
Pmax 880W
Imax = = = 4A
V 220V
 {Pmin = VImin}
Pmin 330
Imin = = = 1.5A
V 220
By ohm’s law
 V
[V= IR]  R = 
 I
V 220
R min = =
Imax 4
R min = 55
V 220
R max = =
Imin 1.5
R max = 146.6
(b) When electric current flows through a conductor a part of electrical energy gets
converted into heat energy due to the Resistance of the conductor, this is called
heating effect of electric current.
(c) As, the electrical power,
Totalelectricalenergy transferred(E)
P=
Totaltimetaken
E=P×t as
 P = VI 
 
[E = I Rt]
2
P = IR(I)
 P = I2R 
 
For a pure resistor (which convert entirely the electrical energy into heat energy)
The total electrical energy transferred in time ‘t’ is equal to the total heat energy
produced and is given by H = I2Rt
This expression is called “Joule’s law of heating”
W E
P= =
t t
E=P×t
H = E = I2Rt

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SCIENCE
36. (a) A saturated organic compound ‘A’ belongs to the homologous series of alcohols.
On heating ‘A with concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K, it forms an unsaturated
compound ‘B’ on addition of one mole of hydrogen in the presence of Nickel, changes
to a saturated hydrocarbon ‘ ’.
(i) Identify A, B and C.
(ii) Write the chemical equations showing the conversion of A into B.
(iii) What happens when compound C undergoes combustion?
(iv) State one industrial application of hydrogenation reaction.
(v) Name the products formed when compound A reacts with sodium.
OR
(b) (i) With the help of diagram, show the formation of micelles, when soap is applied
on oily dirt.
(ii) Take two test tubes X and Y with 10 mL of hard water in each. In test tube ‘X’,
add few drops of soap solution and in test tube ‘Y’ add a few drops of detergent
solution. Shake both the test tubes for the same period.
(1) In which test tube the formation of foam will be more? Why?
(2) In which test tube is a curdy solid formed? Why?
Sol. (a) (i) A → C2H5OH [Ethanol]
B → C2H4 [Ethene]
C → C2H6 [Ethane]
(ii) C2H5OH ⎯⎯⎯ 443K
→ CH2 = CH2 + H2O
(A) (B)

(iii) When 'C' [C2H6] is burnt in presence of air, CO2 & H2O are formed.
(iv) Hydrogenation is very useful to obtain vegetable Ghee (unsaturated) from
vegetable oils (saturated).
(v) Sodium ethoxide
2C2H5OH + 2Na → 2C2H5ONa + H2
(A) (sodium ethoxide)

OR
(b) (i)
Dirt particles
(Oil or grease) ydrophilic end
Soap molecule ydrophobic end

Na+ Grease or dirt

Oil
Na+ Na+

Water
(ii) (1) In 'Y', foam formation will be more. Because in the presence of detergent, scum is
not formed, whereas in presence of soap scum is produced. Hence formation of
foam will be more in test tube Y.
(2) In 'X'
Due to formation of scum.
[16]  Digital
 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
SECTION–E

Q.No. 37 to 39 are case based/data base questions with 2 to 3 short sub-parts.

Internal choice is provided in one of these sub-parts.
37. In order to trace the inheritance of traits Mendel crossed pea plants having one contrasting
character or a pair of contrasting characters. When he crossed pea plants having round and
yellow seeds with pea plants having wrinkled and green seeds, he observed that no plants
with wrinkled and green seeds were obtained in the F1 generation. When the F1 generation
pea plants were cross-bred by self-pollination, the F2 generation had seeds with different
combinations of shape and colour also.
(a) Write any two pairs of contrasting characteristics of pea plant used by Mendel other
than those mentioned above. 1
(b) Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits. 1
(c) State the ratio of the combinations observed in the seeds of F2 generation (in the above
case). What do you interpret from this result? 2
OR
(c) Given below is a cross between a pure violet flowered pea plant (V) and a pure white
flowered pea plant (v). Diagrammatically explain what type of progeny is obtained in
F1 generation and F2 generation :
Pure violet flowered plant × Pure white flowered plant. 2
(V V) (v v)
Sol. (a) The two pairs of contrasting characteristic used by Mendel were :-
(i) Height of pea plant (Tall & dwarf).
(ii) Shape of pea pod (Inflated & constricted).
(b) Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits -
S.N. Dominant Recessive
(1) Of the two alternating Of the two alternating forms of a trait,
forms of a trait, the one the one which is suppressed (does not
which appears in F1 hybrid appear) in F1 hybrid is recessive trait .
is dominant trait.
(2) Example – Tallness (Height) Example – Dwarfness
(Height )
(c) The ratio of the combinations observed in the seeds of F2 generation is 9:3:3:1.
9- Round and yellow
3- Round and green
3- Wrinkled and yellow
1- wrinkled and green
We can interpret from the above cross that new combinations are formed other than
parental combination as a result of independent assortment of two pairs of contrasting
characters.

OR

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SCIENCE
(c) Selfing of F1 plants
Parent Pure violet Pure white
flowered plant flowered plant Violet flowered plant Violet flowered plant
(Pure) VV vv
Vv Vv

Male
Gametes

Gametes V v
Female V v
Gametes
VV Vv
V Violet Violet
Fertilization
Vv Vv vv
Violet flowered Violet White
plant
v

F2 Generation
F1 Generation

Phenotypic ratio = 3 : 1
(Violet (White
Flowered plant) flowered plant)
In F1 generation all the plants are violet flowered.
In F2 generation 75% plants are violet flowered while 25% are white flowered.
F2 Generation
38. Hold a concave mirror in your hand and direct its reflecting surface towards the sun. Direct
the light reflected by the mirror on to a white card- board held close to the mirror. Move
the card-board back and forth gradually until you find a bright, sharp spot of light on the
board. This spot of light is the image of the sun on the sheet of paper; which is also termed
as “Principal Focus” of the concave mirror.
Concave
mirror

F O
Principal
axis

Principal
Focus
(a) List two applications of concave mirror. 1
(b) If the distance between the mirror and the principal focus is 15 cm, find the radius of
curvature of the mirror. 1
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the type of image formed when an object is placed
between pole and focus of a concave mirror. 2
OR

(c) An object 10 cm is size is placed at 100 cm in front of a concave mirror. If its image is
formed at the same point where the object is located, find : 2
(i) focal length of the mirror, and
(ii) Magnification of the image formed with sign as per Cartesian sign convention.
[18]  Digital
 CBSE BOARD SOLUTIONS (2022-2023)
Sol. (a) Two application of concave mirror are :-
(1) As makeup mirror and shaving mirror
(2) Use by doctors (ENT specialist, Dentist etc.)
(b) Given f = – 15 cm
R=?
R = 2f = 2 × (– 15) cm
= – 30 cm
Concave
(c) mirror

C F P

Image :- Formed behind the mirror, Virtual and erect, Magnified / enlarged.
OR
(c) As per the question, concave mirror image is formed at the same point where the
object is located. It is only possible when object is placed at centre of curvature of
mirror. As per given is questions object distance is 100 cm. (u = – 100 cm)
So image distances is also 100 cm. (v = – 100 cm)

A
B
B' C F P

A'
100 cm

From figure radius of curvature

R = – 100 cm
R
(1) f =
2
−100
f=
2
v
(2) m =
u
−(100)
= = −1
−100
Nature of image
Magnification  – Ve
Image  Real & inverted
Size  Same as object
 Digital [19]
SCIENCE
39. Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Metal oxides are generally
basic in nature. But some metal oxides show both basic as well as acidic behaviour.
Different metals show different reactivities towards oxygen. Some react vigorously while
some do not react at all.
(a) What happens when copper is heated in air? (Give the equation of the reaction
involved) 1
(b) Why are some metal oxides categorized as amphoteric? Give one example. 1
(c) Complete the following equations : 2
(i) Na2O(s) + H2O() →
(ii) Al2O3 + 2NaOH →
OR

(c) On burning Sulphur in oxygen a colourless gas is produced. 2

(i) Write chemical equation for the reaction.
(ii) Name the gas formed.
(iii) State the nature of the gas.
(iv) What will be the action of this on a dry litmus paper?
Sol. (a) When copper is heated in air it is oxidized to copper (II) oxide (CuO).
2Cu + O2 → 2CuO
(Black )

(b) Amphoteric oxides are the oxides that show acidic as well as basic behaviour. Some
metal oxides show acidic character when they react with bases and basic behaviour
when they react with acids.
Ex: Al2O3, ZnO.
(c) (i) Na2O(s) + H2O() ⎯→ 2NaOH(aq)

(ii) Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH ⎯→ NaAlO2(aq) + H2O().

OR
(i) S(s) + O2(g) ⎯→ SO2(g)
(ii) Sulphur dioxide gas.
(iii) Its nature is acidic, because it’s the oxide of non-metal.
(iv) No effect on dry litmus paper.

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