Administration of Civil Construction Works

SESSION 19: CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES FOR FORMWORK IN REINFORCED COCRETE PLATES

Mg. Arch. Jose Luis Mendieta

Gutierrez

Construction procedures
□a
Arch. Jose Luis Mendieta -
40261868@sencico.edu.pe 2362 NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE FOR THE
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
 PREVIOUS FEEDBACK

1. How are walls classified?

2. What are the plates?

3. Describe the types of reinforcements

4. Describe the process of placing and assembling irons in the plates.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS
1. General criteria
• Formwork can be defined as the elements that contain
and give shape to the poured concrete.
• Therefore, formworks are temporary structures, which are
installed for a few hours during the pouring of the
concrete and which, in a few days, are dismantled for
later reuse.
• They are required, as main qualities, that they must be
rigid, resistant, stable and clean. In addition, they must
meet the conditions of functionality, safety and economy.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS
2. Types of formwork
• Depending on your position:
• Formwork Horizontal: They are structures
supported on vertical elements of
support. HE used to cover surfaces
horizontal and are generally used in slabs and
beams
• Vertical Formwork: They are structures
supported by auxiliary elements. They are used to
cover vertical surfaces and are generally used to
form columns or walls.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS

2. Types of formwork
• Depending on your position:
• Inclined formwork: These formworks
They require greater care in shoring and support
because due to their position, the lateral
pressures exerted on the contact surface will
break down, forcing greater work and resistance
of the elements that make it up. They are applied
in slender columns and retaining walls, as well as
in some works of art.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS
2. Types of formwork
• Depending on its material:
• Traditional or wooden formwork: In this system, the
preferred material is wood. Although its
implementation takes more time, it has the advantage
of being very versatile in creating structures. Even
this method can be combined with prefabricated
parts. This formwork is recommended for small
works.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS

2. Types of formwork
• Depending on its material:
• Aluminum formwork: The aluminum formwork system
allows for the creation of columns, slabs, beams, stairs and
walls for monolithic reinforced concrete buildings. The
system offers a solution
practical and quick for the formwork of floors that repeat
horizontally (such as row houses) or vertically (such as
high-rise houses). Offers easy and secure assembly with
lightweight components.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS

2. Types of formwork
• Depending on its material:
• Metal formwork: They are characterized by the
fact that they leave smooth surfaces and that the
performance is higher, achieving better
profitability in the formwork items. These
formworks are very common in Latin America.
There are even formworks that support from 4
tons as stress on the contact surfaces but that
achieve greater resistance with adequate
support, a conservative design and appropriate
management of the pouring speed.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS

2. Types of formwork
• Depending on its material:
• Mixed Formwork: This type of formwork is
characterized by the ease of replacement in the case
of wood, since the components can be replaced,
achieving a longer useful life for the formwork as
such. They are made of more than one predominant
material, for example:
• Metal – wood
• Aluminum – wood

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS
2. Types of formwork
• According to its versatility:
• Supporting formwork: Known as light formwork, this
type of formwork allows you to easily create molds of
different sizes, allowing them to be transported
manually from one place to another.
• Heavy formwork: These formwork are used in large-
scale works because it is necessary to have booms to
lift the molds, they withstand high hydrostatic pressures
and very little labor is required for their installation.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS
2. Types of formwork
• According to its versatility:
• Pre-assembled formworks: Pre-assembled
formworks can be portable or heavy but are
assembled according to the mold required to be
poured and are subsequently moved, lifted and
assembled with the support of a boom, avoiding
partial disassembly of the pieces or parts of the
mold.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS

2. Types of formwork
• According to its use:
• Formwork for walls and columns: These are vertical
formworks that must be strong enough to withstand
the lateral pressure of the concrete during pouring.
Its verticality must be verified before emptying.
• Formwork for slabs: These are horizontal formwork
that rest on vertical elements. Once the formwork is
assembled, it must be verified that it is perfectly
horizontal.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS

3. Considerations for choosing the type of formwork

• Good formwork should guarantee saving time, reducing costs and
offering better quality and durability.
• To choose the type of formwork to use, you must mainly take into 2
account:
E *a'
• Time: Time is a resource
recoverable. When time is evaluated as a factor in purchasing
formwork, it refers to the time saved in renting a modular formwork
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compared to the time it takes to use smooth wood and put themviirrsm'hyüziuoini:DITh imiherunid
together in a handmade formwork.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS

3. Considerations for choosing the type of formwork

• Utility: It is necessary to identify the use that is

going to be given to the formwork, so that the
most appropriate type can be determined.
• Costs: Costs are not always
related to the cheapest prices. They are also
affected by the efficiency of the material, the
speed of installation and the durability and
quality of the finish resulting from the use of
better inputs.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 BASIC CONCEPTS

4. Conditions that must be met for formwork

• The actions during pouring and exterior tasks condition
the formwork support structure, so the structure must be
sized taking into account:
• Weight of fresh concrete plus the weight of the
formwork itself as dead weight.
• Use overloads, among which we have those caused
by people, equipment, auxiliary means, including
impacts.
• Horizontal loads, such as wind, those caused by
inclined supports, starting and stopping of
equipment, etc.
• Specific actions for special types of formwork.
ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II
 BASIC CONCEPTS

4. Conditions that must be met for formwork

• The formwork, while rigid and resistant to external
thrusts and actions, must be completely sealed to
avoid accidents and/or loss of concrete.
• Do not adhere strongly to the concrete after setting.
Formwork surfaces can be treated with different
chemicals
• Be economical, taking into account its initial cost and
its number of uses. To analyze the costs, the number
of uses, the length of the formwork (in linear advance
elements), etc. are taken into account.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF PLATE FORMWORKS

1. Enabling the formwork

• As a first task, it must be verified that the work site has the necessary
amount of formwork to comply with the item. In parallel, it must also
be confirmed that the state of sayings formwork
and its
accessories, must be optimal.
• Formwork that presents deformations, bowing or
any type of imperfection that could compromise its
stability, rigidity and/or final finish cannot be used.
• Before starting any activity, it is essential to first
rethink the layout of the columns with their
corresponding axes and dimensions.
ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II
 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF PLATE FORMWORKS

• Prior to installing the formwork, it is essential to verify

the correct installation of the iron in the plates. It must be
verified that the indications on the plans, diameters of
irons, separation of stirrups,
coatings, etc.; both for the
horizontal reinforcements, vertical reinforcements and
longitudinal reinforcements
• In the same way, it is necessary to verify that the
location and length of the overlaps respect the
specifications of the
designer

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF PLATE FORMWORKS

• It is necessary to take into account that the location of the

reinforcements that come from the plates must be done correctly. An
error in this can mean the demolition even of the
foundations, which is why it is vitally important to
carry out proper quality control.
• The surfaces of the formwork that will be in
contact with the concrete will be bathed with
release agents, in order to prevent the material
from adhering to the hardened concrete. This will
make it easier
stripping

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF PLATE FORMWORKS

• In the case of using wooden formwork, the boards used to

form the column will be joined by clamps or bars at a
maximum of every 50 cm.
• As in the case of columns, it is recommended that in the
lower sections, the separations be smaller, since the
pressure that the fresh concrete exerts is much greater
than that of the upper sections.
• Once the formwork is being assembled, the verticality of
the formwork must be verified by using a plumb line,
located in a fixed place, even during the pouring process.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF PLATE FORMWORKS

• To tie the boards, #8 black wire tempers should be used.

• There should be no empty spaces between the wall and the formwork
where the concrete can drain during pouring.
• To seal the joints between boards, you can use previously
moistened cement bags.
• In the case of corner formwork, it is necessary to verify that
its faces are perpendicular with a square

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF PLATE FORMWORKS

• After installing the formwork, it is necessary to secure it against the floor

using struts that can be 3” x 3”, 2” x 4” or 3” x 4”,
• The props must rest on supports fixed to the ground or on the
corresponding slabs of the mezzanines. In this way, in
addition to ensuring the plumbness of the formwork, they
give them bracing.
• Once the formwork is finished, it must be verified that it is
completely vertical. By using the plumb line, and when it is a
corner formwork HE will verify again
the perpendicularity of their faces using a square

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF PLATE FORMWORKS

• The entire process of assembling plate formwork must be

accompanied by the quality manager (to verify that the
appropriate standards are respected), the
preventionist (who must verify that all safety
considerations are being met in such a way that
possible accidents are avoided) and supervision
(although normally its release process is carried
out prior to emptying, it must ensure the correct
execution of the work)

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 IMPORTANCE OF FORMWORKS

• The entire process of assembling plate formwork must be accompanied

by the quality manager (to verify that the appropriate standards are
respected), the preventionist (who must verify
that all safety considerations are being met in
such a way that possible accidents are avoided)
and supervision (although normally the release
process is carried out prior to emptying, it must
ensure the correct execution of the work)

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 Covering

• The covering of the reinforced concrete CONCRETE COATING FOR REINFORCEMENT

elements will be specified in the Concrete built in place (not prestressed)
The following minimum concrete cover shall be provided to the reinforcement, except where
structural plans and said information will larger covers are required in accordance with 7.7.5.1 or special fire protection is required: (a)
Concrete placed against and permanently exposed to the ground.............................70 mm (b)
depend mainly on its location (against Concrete in permanent contact with the ground or weather: 3/4” bars and larger....50mm
ground, outdoors, near the sea, near an 5/8" bars and smaller, electro-welded meshes...................................................40 mm
(c) Concrete not exposed to the elements or in contact with the ground:
electrical substation, submerged, etc.) - Slabs, walls, joists: 1 11/16” and 2 1/4” bars........................................................ 40 mm
Bars 1 3/8" and smaller..................................................................................... 20 mm
and the type of element. , columns, - Beams and columns: Main reinforcement, stirrups and spirals.............................. 40 mm
- Shells and folded slabs: 3/4” bars and larger........................................................ 20 mm
plates, beams, footings, etc. 5/8” bars and smaller........................................................................................... 15 mm
• Despite this, the information Tights . ................................................................................................................. 15 mm

contemplated in standard E060 can be

considered valid.

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

 PREVIOUS FEEDBACK

1. What are formworks?

2. How are formworks classified according to their position?

3. How are formworks classified according to their material?

4. What should be taken into account when choosing a formwork?

5. Describe the construction procedure of plate formwork

ADMINISTRATION OF CIVIL CONSTRUCTION WORKS – CYCLE II

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