FUNDAMENTALS OF

INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL CONTROL

JULIA ANDREA GÓMEZ MARULANDA

PONTIFICAL BOLIVARIAN UNIVERSITY

INGENIERY SCHOOL
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
MEDELLIN
2013

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 FUNDAMENTALS OF
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL CONTROL

JULIA ANDREA GÓMEZ MARULANDA

Degree work to qualify for the title of electrical and electronic

engineering

DIRECTOR
JOSE HERNAN VALENCIA GALLON
Electrical engineer

PONTIFICAL BOLIVARIAN UNIVERSITY

INGENIERY SCHOOL
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
MEDELLIN

2
2013

3
 Acceptance note

Signature
Name:
jury president

Signature
Name:
Jury

Signature
Name:
Jury

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 THANKS

I mainly thank my parents who supported me throughout the learning process. I

also thank my director, Engineer Hernán Valencia Gallón, and my judges, the
electrical engineers Hugo A. Cardona Restrepo and Andrés E. Ten Restrepo.

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 INTRODUCTION

The content of this book is related to Electrical Industrial Control Systems, of great
application and widespread use throughout the world.

In general, there are many manuals and abundant technical information on the
subject. However, it is not easy to find books with text characteristics that are
applied to teaching in the field of electrical engineering and that at the same time
present an easy-to-understand, coherent treatise with abundant information that
promotes active reading, particularly for those people who have special interest in
the topic.

The proposed objective of this book is to serve as a guide text for academic training
subjects, or for complementary or elective courses in electrical or electronic
engineering studies at the undergraduate level. However, the usefulness of the
work is not confined to the regular courses of an academic program, but can be
used for consultation, review or reference. In general, its contents are suitable for
those who strive to obtain greater knowledge about the control systems used in
industrial process plants, with the exception that it does not replace the manuals
that should be consulted for detailed procedures. with a specific brand of
equipment.

In the development of the topics discussed, it has been intended that they be clear,
concise and well focused, restricting the discussion to what is essential without
committing to any brand team.

This edition is a revised, corrected and expanded version in all its chapters and
annexes. In the document, particular emphasis is placed on the control of electric
motors and the solution of logical automation. Numerous illustrations and new
information have been included on a wide range of topics, including an excellent
Microsoft Power Point presentation, which facilitates the work of the teacher and

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the learning of the student or person interested in the topic.

Additionally, emphasis has been placed on the issues of selection and sizing,
based on the technical specifications of the components, and especially on the
electronic systems that are being implemented in modern control systems that use
microprocessor and computer technology. power electronics with the use of
thyristors. All of this, difficult to find in a single volume, represents a great help for
the engineer who must deal with electrical equipment associated with industrial
machines for the first time.

Finally, it is necessary to explain two special peculiarities of the text. First, a certain
part of the material has been condensed into annexes with tables and technical
information, which have the purpose of providing the teacher and the student with a
complementary auxiliary element for the analysis and design of electrical control
systems, and at the same time adapts to the abilities and needs of the student.
Second, some tables can be used without restrictions; others just for reference or to
provide a broader perspective on the topic.

Likewise, it is clarified that the diagrams presented in this book have been prepared
mostly based on the American symbols established by the ANSI. However, it is
assumed that the reader interested in the subject has sufficient information and
knowledge to analyze and interpret similar electrical plans that are prepared with
different symbols and particularly with those of European origin established by DIN
and

IEC, also widely used among manufacturers of industrial electrical equipment.

It is worth clarifying that measurement units from both the English system and the
international metric system have been used interchangeably, when referring to the
most important parameters and variables associated with electrical systems. This is
intended to familiarize the reader with the different units in common use in the

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manuals and other technical documents of this equipment.

The preparation of this document was done with the invaluable support of the
electrical and electronic engineer Julia Andrea Gómez Marulanda, who for 2 years
compiled, organized and edited all the information in this document, including a
presentation in .pptx format of her authorship, which It represents a very important
and relevant contribution to the book in its entire context, which facilitates all the
tasks of the teaching-learning process. This merited this work to be accepted as a
degree project in the teaching assistance modality, with the purpose of qualifying
for the title of electrical and electronic engineer awarded by the Pontifical Bolivarian
University of the city of Medellín.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

THANKS..........................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................6
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................4
INDEX OF FIGURES....................................................................................................42
TABLE INDEX..............................................................................................................80
INDEX OF ANNEXES..................................................................................................94
1.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................108
1.2 CONTROL FUNCTIONS.................................................................................109
1.2.1 Control...........................................................................................................110
1.2.2 Driver Types..................................................................................................110
1.3 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS DEVICES..............................................................111
1.3.1 Classification of electrical control systems...................................................112
1.3.1.1 Electrical controllers..................................................................................112
1.3.1.2 Electromagnetic controllers.......................................................................113
Advantages of electromagnetic control........................................................................114
1.3.1.2.2 Functional diagram of an electromagnetic control system............................115
1.3.1.2.2.1 Control devices.......................................................................................116
1.3.1.2.2.2 Relays.....................................................................................................117
1.3.1.2.2.3 Contactors...............................................................................................117
1.1 .1.3 Electronic controllers.................................................................................118
1.4 INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES............................................................................119
1.4.1 Physico-chemical processes...........................................................................119
1.4.2 Manufacture process......................................................................................119
2.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................120
2.2 CONTROL DEVICES......................................................................................121
2.2.1 Digital control devices: specifications and construction aspects...................122
• Nominal or rated service current (I n or I e )........................................................124
• Nominal or rated service voltage (V n or V e ).....................................................125
• Environmental conditions.....................................................................................125
2.2.2 Manually operated digital control devices.....................................................126
2.2.2.1 Pushbuttons................................................................................................127
2.2.2.1.2 Withheld contact........................................................................................128
2.2.2.1.3 Flush actuator.............................................................................................130
2.2.2.1.4 Outgoing actuator.......................................................................................131
2.2.2.1.5 Mushroom head.............................................................................................131
2.2.2.1.6 Luminous.......................................................................................................132
2.2.2.1.7 With key lock................................................................................................133
2.2.2.1.8 Filler..............................................................................................................133
2.2.2.1.10 membrane...............................................................................................135
2.2.2.1.11 Technical specifications of the pushbuttons...........................................136
2.2.2.2 Control combiners............................................................................................137
2.2.2.2.1 Faceplate Combiner...................................................................................138
2.2.2.2.2 drum combiner...........................................................................................142
2.2.2.2.3 cam combiner.............................................................................................143
2.2.2.2.4 Technical specifications of the control combiners.....................................147
2.2.2.3 Foot switches (pedal)........................................................................................147
2.2.2.3.1 Technical specifications of foot switches..................................................149
2.2.3 Automatic operating digital control devices.......................................................149
2.2.3.1 Pressure switches.......................................................................................150