FIRST AID

What is first aid?

First Aid is a series of procedures
adequate, effective, provisional
and timely measures that are
responsibly carried out on a victim
of an illness and/or accident in
order to keep him or her alive in
the best possible conditions and
avoiding complications
additional until the medical care
that will define the definitive
management of the patient is
guaranteed.
Objectives of first aid
► PRESERVE HUMAN LIFE
► AVOID COMPLICATIONS
► REDUCE PAIN
► ENSURING PROPER TRANSFER
To provide first aid, apply
these three basic rules
®
Assess the risks of the scenario

Remember BIOSECURITY
WHAT ARE BIOSECURITY
STANDARDS?

They are measures

designed to control
occupational risk
factors from
biological, physical or
chemical agents.
• PHYSICAL BARRIERS:

USE OF BARRIERS:
* USE OF GLOVES, MASKS,
GLASSES, APRON.

• CHEMICAL BARRIERS:
* HANDWASHING,
DISINFECTION AND
STERILIZATION.
CORRECT WAY TO WASH YOUR
HANDS WITH SOAP AND WATER „UNIVERSIIMD
BINATIONAL
10 simple steps to improve your life in 15 seconds

2 Apply
4
rub
put the
right hand
wficient on top of the
circularmount
soap. I donate the
backwards
To cover hand
hociadolantonto
all the with the yolk itquiorda. toe
tuporfioodn do the fingers fingers and
hands. right vevorsa
for with the
left and
vereversa

Squeeze left Rinse with water Hands

thumb with right
from
•, dodos up to
clean
hand, circular
the wrist. prot
trolley ect
and hogalo
our
miomoenka HEALTH.

another hand
Vital signs

arterial pulse

Breathing
Steps for first aid care

1. Stay calm.

2. Review the situation and guarantee safety for the

injured person. Basic questions????

3. Primary assessment (consciousness, breathing

and bleeding)

4. Thorough assessment from head to toe and vital signs.

5. Triage and Care.

6. Safe transfer to the healthcare

center.
 GOOD OF L T
O

THEORY
LET'S
PRACTICE
Have a whistle, flashlight, portable radio, bottled water, canned food,

Emergency kit
a copy of your personal documents and a basic first aid kit on hand.
Prepare a backpack or bag so you can carry your equipment with you in case
you have to evacuate.
 Emergency kit
Don't forget to make a list with the unique emergency number (123),
work telephone numbers of adults and closest family members.
The basic first aid kit should also contain special medicines that some
family members need.
 Emergency kit
Have a whistle, flashlight, portable radio, bottled water, canned food,
a copy of your personal documents and a basic first aid kit on hand.
Prepare a backpack or bag so you can carry your equipment with you in
case you have to evacuate.
 It is a comfortable first aid kit, briefcase type with two compartments that
Contains: a set of 4 immobilizers and basic elements for the
timely injury care.

First aid
kit Multifunctional

CONTENT
INPUTS:
Houses x 2 of 7.5
cm*7.5 cm
4”x5 yard bandage -----------------------------------
triangular bandage ----------------------------------- Cures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL DATA
PRODUCT: FIRST KIT REF. 01-05 MULTIFUNCTIONAL MEASUREMENTS
WIDTH 40 CENTIMETERS
HEIGHT: 24 CENTIMETERS DEPTH: 12 CENTIMETERS COLOR: BLUE - BLACK

eye dressing --------------------------------------------

Applicators ----------------------------------------------
tongue depressor -------------------------------------

Flashlight -------------------------------------------------
Safety match box
Red and green bags pack. x 2 Sachets of oral
serum Immobilizers-----------------
 Micropore-------------------------------------------------
Sticking plaster-----------------------------------------
Cotton flecks--------------------------------------------
Liquid soap-----------------------------------------------
Saline solution x 250 ml------------------------------
Alcohol in sachets-------------------------------------
Mask per packaged unit—•
Disposable gloves,
First aid kit items

ELEMENTS OF THE TYPE A FIRST

KIT ITEMS UNITS AMOUNT
CLEAN GAUZES PACKAGE CLOTH Package X 20 Unit 1
STAMP 4" ROLL TONGUE DEPRESSOR Pack of 20
LATEX GLOVES FOR EXAMINATION Box per 100
ELASTIC BANDAGE 2X5 YARDS Unit
ELASTIC BANDAGE 3X5 YARDS Unit
ELASTIC BANDAGE 5X5 YARDS COTTON Unit
BANDAGE 3X5 YARDS COTTON Unit
BANDAGE 3X5 YARDS POVIDONE Unit
IODINE (SURGICAL SOAP) Bottle x 120 mi

SALINE SOLUTION 250 cc OR 500 cc Unit

MERCURY OR DIGITAL THERMOMETER Unit
ANTISEPTIC ALCOHOL BOTTLE FOR 275 mi Unit
TOTAL
► CHOKING
► CARDIO RESPIRATORY ARREST

VITAL EMERGENCIES
► HEMORRHAGES
► SHOCK
► HEART ATTACK
 Choking

HEIMLICH MANEUVER
MANEUVER IN _ _____. .______. MANEUVER IN ADULTS
CHILDREN 1 Touch a finger just above the child's navel with the
side of the thumb facing the abdomen
1. Stand behind the person and place one arm
around their chest. Give yourself 5 firm strokes
on your back, between your shoulder blades.

2. If coughing goipes on your back does not

expel the bottotum that caused the stuckness,
2 You should not push so hard as to lift the child hug the abdomen with both arms. Form a fist
from the ground. with one of your hands and press the center of
the abdomen, with the thumb inward. fist with
your other hand

3. Compress the abdomen 5 times with a quick,

dry movement, moving in and out. Continue
Maneuver with babies: Touch the baby
face down and hit 5 strong , quick giving 5 blows to the back and compressing the
swipes on the back with the heel of your abdomen 5 times until the person expels the
hand. object through the mouth or loses
consciousness.

mestigsianuwun
Place the fist
over the navel
while holding the
fist with the
other hand. Lean
over a chair or
counter and
bring the fist
towards you with
force and
pressing
upwards.
Cardiorespiratory arrest BLS AND SVA
 STOP BLEEDERING

PRESSURE
DIRECT

DIRECT PRESSURE
ELEVATION OF THE
MEMBER
INDIRECT PRESSURE
ELEVATION

INDIRECT
PRESSURE
 DIRECT PRESSURE AND
BANDAGE
COMPRESSION

Apply direct pressure to external wounds

with a piece of sterile cloth or by hand
and maintain pressure until the bleeding stops
DIRECT PRESSURE AND
COMPRESSION BANDAGE

Apply direct pressure to the

wound with dressing Apply more dressing if
necessary

Support the dressing with a pressure bandage

AFEC LIMB ELEVATION DO
Impaled Objects

Fix
them!!

Never remove
them!!
Eviscerations

Do not reinsert them

“Cover them”!!
Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
The most common cause of epistaxis is the rupture of a small caliber
vein.
To control it, compress the lower half of the nose, below the nasal bones,
with your thumbs and index fingers.

p Tilt your head forward

 Late Signs of Shock

5.Nausea and 6. Weak pulse, loss of consciousness

vomiting

shock position
Trendelenburg
Chest pain
soft tissue injuries

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE OF THE

► WOUNDS
► BURNS
WOUNDS AND BURNS
WOUND
S What is first aid?....................................................................................................2
Objectives of first aid.............................................................................................4
WHAT ARE BIOSECURITY STANDARDS?................................................................7
CORRECT WAY TO WASH YOUR HANDS WITH SOAP AND
WATER..................................................................................................................9
Vital signs.............................................................................................................10
Steps for first aid care...........................................................................................11
Impaled Objects...........................................................................................................28
Eviscerations................................................................................................................29
soft tissue injuries.................................................................................................33
WOUNDS....................................................................................................................36
Specific attention..................................................................................................46
BURNS....................................................................................................................47
GENERAL BURN CARE...................................................................................48
Not moving is the key..........................................................................................58
FRACTURES..........................................................................................................59
OTHER CASES...................................................................................................70
THANK YOU SO MUCH!................................................................................................75
control bleeding and prevent
infection
 WOUNDS

□ ABRASIVES
□ CUTTING
□ LACERATED
□ SHARP
□ AVULSED
□ AMPUTATION
abrasive wounds
Open cutting wounds
Open cutting wounds
Open lacerated wounds
Open puncture wounds
Amputation
wound care

•AANL WADAML
Specific attention

► CRUSHING
► AMPUTATION
► WITH FOREIGN BODY
► WITH FISHING LOOK
►
OTHERS
BURNS

The burn is an increase in excessive heat that causes injury to the

layers of the skin to different extents (degree of burn). Burns can be
caused by physical agents (fire, hot liquids) or chemical agents (acids,
alkaline substances).

CALCULATION IN % OF BODY SURFACE BURNED

First degree
burn
The palm of the
patient's hand Front 18%

represents 1% of Back 1854-,

Front 18%

their total body Back 18%

Second degree
surface. burn.
They are serious if
they affect 25% in
adults and 15% in 18% 16%
Third degree
children. WALACE'S burn <
"NINE" RULE
GENERAL BURN CARE
General rules for all burns
are
the
following:
IM 222* ' 232 E25MM EMM M

• Apply plenty of water to the • Don't use ointments.

□ burned area for a minimum of

15 minutes.
• Cover them with sterile
gauze.
Do • Remove clothing, rings, • Take him to the nearest
bracelets, etc., soaked in hot medical center.
liquids.
 not remove pieces of fabric stuck to
the skin
□ Do not burst blisters
□ Do not use aerosol antiseptics or home
remedies
□ Not to do pressure about the areas
burned
□ Cover with a clean cloth until EMS arrives
or you reach a care center.
Bee and wasp sting

To remove a stinger, scrape it with the

blunt side of a knife or other straight-edged object along the stinger.
Tweezers should not be used, as they
can squeeze the venom sac and
increase the amount of venom
released into the wound.
The site is then washed completely
with soap and water. It is advisable to
apply ice wrapped in a piece of cloth
or other
\V
appropriate cover over the bite site
at 10 V minute intervals. TO
 mammal bite

Apply pressure if the

bite site bleeds
profusely
Thoroughly wash the
area of an animal bite .
 snake bite
The victim must be kept calm, reassured that the
bites can be treated effectively in an emergency
room. It is recommended to reduce movement
and keep the affected area below the level of the
heart to reduce the flow of venom.
Rings or any other constrictive object should be
removed as the affected area may swell. It is advisable
to place a loose splint to help restrict movement in that
area.
If the bite area begins to swell and changes color, it is
likely that the snake was poisonous.
 snake bite

► Seek immediate medical assistance. Call EMS

► It is recommended to take the dead snake to a medical center
only if this poses no risk of further injury.
► You should not waste time trying to catch the snake or risk
getting another bite if it is not easy to kill.
► Great care must be taken with the snake's head when carrying
it, as these dead animals can bite reflexively for up to an hour.
 snake bite

• The following should be • Place the victim in a shock position

observed: temperature, ► Keep the person comfortable and

pulse, respiratory rate warm

and blood pressure. ► Turn the victim's head to the side if a

neck injury is not suspected
► If signs of shock appear,
such as paleness, the
victim must be laid down,
his feet raised about 30
cm high and covered with
a blanket.
 snake bite

It should not be
► DO NOT allow the victim to move too much or exercise.
If necessary, she should be carried to a safe place.
► DO NOT Apply tourniquets.
Osteomuscular injuries
► DO NOT Apply cold compresses to the bite site.
► DO NOT Cut the bite area with a knife or razor blade.
► DO NOT give stimulants or pain medications to the
victim, unless directed by the doctor.
► DO NOT give the victim any food or liquid orally.
► DO NOT Raise the bite site above the level of the victim's
heart. SIGN
► DO NOT Try to suck out the poison with your mouth.
-—-—
SEKAL FRACTURES ONS
DISLOCATI SPRAINS S TEARS
ES Located in the injured area; Located in the joint; Sudden pain with pulling
increases with movement. Located in the joint; increases to the touch. sensation.
PAIN
increases with movement
and inflammation
IMPOTENCE Inability to move. Relative to the degree of Great Disability.
FUNCTIONAL Impossibility of movement. sprain.
INFLAMMATION At the site of the injury, produced by the accumulation of fluids (plasma) in response to
trauma. Relative to the type of tear.
snake bite
snake bite
Fractures
Not moving is the key

First aid: Immobilization

 FRACTURES

CLOSED FRACTURES

□ Apply the splint. The length of the splints should be such

that they extend beyond the joint above and below the
fracture. Any material can be used: a board or wide sheet
of metal or
wood
□ You can also use rolled newspapers or thick magazines.
□ Use pieces of cloth or other soft material to place between
the fractured limb and the splint
 Hold the
splinted in his
site with the help of
a bandage or piece
of fabric around,
less in three
parts throughout
splint
OPEN FRACTURES OR
EXPOSED
□ Place a gauze or
dressing about the
wound and secure it
with a bandage,
handkerchief or tie
□ Keep the victim in a lying
position
□ e A
n p
t li
a q
b u
li e
llado
in him and him

What is first aid?.....................................................................2

Objectives of first aid..............................................................4
WHAT ARE BIOSECURITY STANDARDS?................................7
CORRECT WAY TO WASH YOUR HANDS WITH SOAP
AND WATER.........................................................................9
Vital signs..............................................................................10
Steps for first aid care...........................................................11
Impaled Objects............................................................................28
 Eviscerations..............................................................................................................................................................................................................29
soft tissue injuries................................................................................................................................................................................................33
WOUNDS..................................................................................................................................................................................................................36
Specific attention.................................................................................................................................................................................................46
BURNS...................................................................................................................................................................................................................47
GENERAL BURN CARE..................................................................................................................................................................................48
Not moving is the key.........................................................................................................................................................................................58
FRACTURES.........................................................................................................................................................................................................59
OTHER CASES..................................................................................................................................................................................................70
THANK YOU SO MUCH!...............................................................................................................................................................................................75

fractures
□ Do not try to extend the broken leg or arm for
turn it to its
natural position
Management of open fracture
TRANSFER OF INJURED PEOPLE

IMMOBILIZATION
 Do not move a person
injured before arrival
SEM, unless it is dangerous to
leave
the victim exposed to new
injuries
Bandages and
immobilizations
bandages
OTHER CASES

► DISEASES OF SUDDEN APPEARANCE

► SEIZURES
► FEVER
► FAINTING
► INTOXICATIONS
► OTHERS

Let's see how it should be moved appropriately.

to an injured person.
Transfer of traumatized
Transfer of victims without trauma
Transfer of victims without trauma
THANK YOU SO
MUCH!
INSTRUCTOR: NESTOR ARNULFO CORTES CALVERA
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND RISK MANAGEMENT ADVISOR
First Aid, fire prevention and control, evacuation and
rescue, ecological outings, camps and others
Occupational health license from the secretary of health
CELL PHONE: 311-5045357
nestorenfermero7@gmail.com