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INTRODUCTION

Julio Ramón Ribeyro (Lima, 1929 - 1994). From an early age he showed his

attachment to literature, to the stupor of his middle-class family, who considered

the profession of writer as degrading.

To reassure his family he studied law, but at the same time he became involved

in a circle of writers from which he soon distanced himself to shake off fame. He

traveled to Europe, settled in Paris and worked as a journalist at France-Press.

Ribeyro is considered one of the best writers in Peru. It preferably covers the

story and the novel, but also the theater, the essay and the personal diary, apart

from other less easy classification modalities.

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BIOGRAPHY

Julio Ramón Ribeyro was born in Lima, Peru, on August 31, 1929. He was the

son of Julio Ribeyro and Mercedes Zúñiga. He was the first of four siblings (one

boy and two girls). In his childhood he lived in Santa Beatriz, a middle-class

neighborhood in Lima and then moved to Miraflores. The death of his father

affected him greatly and complicated his family's financial situation.

He studied at the Champagnat College, and began studying Law, which he

abandoned to study Literature at the Catholic University of Peru. He received a

scholarship to study journalism in Madrid. He later traveled to Paris to prepare a

thesis on French literature at the Sorbonne University, during which time he

spent time in Germany and Belgium. In Paris he wrote his first book Los

vultures without feathers.

In 1958 he returned to Peru, and in September of the following year he traveled

to the city of Ayacucho, to take up the position of professor and director of

cultural extension at the National University of Huamanga. In October 1960 he

returned to France. In Paris he worked as a translator and editor for the France

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Presse agency (1962-72). In 1972 he was appointed Peruvian cultural attaché

in Paris and deputy delegate to UNESCO, and later minister-counselor, until

reaching the position of Peruvian ambassador to UNESCO (1986-90).

Around 1993 he settled permanently in Lima. In his country he was awarded the

National Prize for Literature (1983) and the National Prize for Culture (1993),

having also been awarded in 1994 with the Juan Rulfo Prize for Latin American

and Caribbean Literature, one of the most prestigious literary awards. in the

Hispanic American cultural field.

He married Alida Cordero and they had an only son.

Ribeyro is a narrator belonging to the Generation of 50, he is considered one of

the best Latin American storytellers. Despite their apparent formal

conservatism, their stories were a decisive contribution to consolidating the

transition from indigenous narrative to urban narrative in Peru.

He died on December 4, 1994, days after obtaining the Juan Rulfo Prize for

Latin American and Caribbean Literature.

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MAIN WORKS

Tale:
The buzzards without feathers (1955)
Tales of Circumstances (1958)
The Bottles and the Men (1964)
Three uprising stories (1964)
The Captives Stories
Next month I level (1972)
Silvio in The Rose Garden (1977)
For Smokers Only (1987)
Santacrucino stories (1992)

Novel:
Chronicle of Saint Gabriel (1960)
The Sunday Genies (1965)
Changing of the Guard (1976)

Theater:
Santiago, the Birdkeeper (1975)
Atusparia (1981)

Rehearsal:
The Subtle Hunt (1975)
Stateless Proses (1975; 1986)
Sayings of Luder (1989)
The temptation of failure (3 vol.) (1992-1995)
Letters to Juan Antonio (2 vol.) (1996-1998)

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AWARDS

National Novel Award (1960)

Diario Expreso Novel Award (1963)

National Literature Prize (1983)

National Culture Award (1993)

Juan Rulfo Latin American and Caribbean Literature Prize (1994)

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LITERARY ANALYSIS OF “LOS GALLINAZOS SIN PLUMAS”

I.- DATA OF THE WORK

a.- TITLE OF THE WORK: “The buzzards without a feather”

b.- AUTHOR: Julio Ramón Ribeyro

c.- LITERARY SCHOOL TO WHICH THE AUTHOR BELONGS:

The writer Julio Ramón Ribeyro belongs to the literary school.

d.- PERIOD: Contemporary

e.- LITERARY GENRE: Narrative

f.- LITERARY SPECIES: Story

g.- LOCATION:

“The Featherless Buzzards” belongs to the storybook that bears the same

name as the story.

h.- FORM OF EXPRESSION:

“The buzzards without feathers” is written in prose.

i.- STRUCTURE: The story "The Featherless Buzzards" is short and contains

seven sections.

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ARGUMENT OF THE WORK “GALLINAZOS SIN PLUMAS”

The author tells the story of the brothers Efraín and Enrique, two children

exploited by a heartless grandfather, Don Santos, old and lame (with a wooden

leg), who forces them to search the garbage containers in search of food for his

pig. Both children get sick but the grandfather insists on making them work.

Enrique takes charge of all the work and brings home a dog to keep his brother,

who was more delicate, company. But the grandfather takes advantage of

Enrique's absence to kill the dog and feed it to the pig. Enrique returns to the

house, discovers the remains of the dog and argues with his grandfather; He

slips, his wooden leg breaks and he falls into the pigsty and due to his limp he

cannot get up. Then the two brothers flee from that place, hearing their

grandfather's screams from afar. The story ends by suggesting that the

grandfather becomes a victim of his own pig.

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MAIN CHARACTERS:

 Enrique (grandson of Don Santos)

 Efraín (grandson of Don Santos)

 Don Santos (grandfather)

 Pascual (pig)

SECONDARY CHARACTERS:

 Peter (dog)

 The fat man

 The maid

 Low police

 Canillitas

 The blessed

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SUMMARY OF WORK

Two brothers (Efraín and Enrique) live in a marginal neighborhood with their

crippled grandfather (don Santos), who forces them to collect waste from

garbage cans in residential areas to feed his pig (Pascual). The grandchildren

had to get up very early, before the low police car (municipal garbage collector)

passed by. If one day they failed to bring enough food, grandfather would insult

and beat them.

One day, Efraín cuts his foot on a piece of glass and the wound becomes

infected, so he cannot walk, but the grandfather only cares about feeding his pig

and forces Enrique to do double duty, while Efraín stays keeping bed Enrique

goes to the midden near the sea, where there was a greater chance of finding

abundant waste. There, it mixes with the buzzards looking for scraps of food. In

that place he finds a small dog (Pedro) that he takes home to keep his brother

company.

Enrique, as a consequence of the winter cold and excessive work, also falls ill in

bed. The grandfather has nothing to keep his pig fat and he punishes his

grandchildren by depriving them of food. Pascual begins to growl at all hours,

demanding food. The grandfather goes out to the street to carry out his

grandchildren's task, but he lacks their agility and cannot get ahead of the low

police car. To make matters worse, stray dogs try to bite him. The next day, he

tries to repeat the outing, but his strength does not give him any more, and

furious, he returns and goes to his grandchildren's room, whom he forces with

his cane to get up so they can restart their work. Enrique begs him to leave

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Efraín alone, who was the most seriously ill, and offers to go to the dump alone.

The old man accepts. Enrique then picks up four cubes and runs away; The dog

wants to follow him, but he forces him to stay at home, to take care of Efraín.

Taking advantage of Enrique's absence, the grandfather beats the dog to death

and throws its body into Pascual's corral so that he can eat it. When Enrique

returns and sees the remains of his dog next to the pig, he is horrified; Full of

fury, he scolds his grandfather, whom he hits with a stick, until he stumbles and

falls backwards into the pig's pen.

Enrique goes in search of Efraín whom he lifts on his shoulders and they both

leave to look for a better life away from mistreatment and abuse.

The story ends by suggesting that the grandfather, unable to get up due to his

limp, will end up devoured by his insatiable pig Pascual.

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MAIN IDEA:

 It is the fight for the survival of the marginalized in an inhuman and unjust

society.

SECONDARY IDEAS:

 Child abuse and exploitation

 Child abandonment

 Child violence

 and social injustice

ENVIRONMENT WHERE THE EVENTS HAPPEN

Although it is not explicitly stated, the place where Don Santos and his

grandchildren live can be located in one of the Lima suburbs located near the

sea, in the Miraflores area. Temporally, the story can be located in the 1950s. It

was precisely at that time when a migratory wave of provincials began towards

Lima, where these large neighborhoods or young towns emerged (equivalent to

the villas miserias or favelas of other South American countries).

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CRITICAL APPRECIATION

"The buzzards without feathers" is one of his best stories by Julio Ramón Ribeyro.

The writer touches on a purely social theme with great restraint without falling into

facileness. The social aspect of the literary work

He handles it with great mastery as he manages to denounce the exploitation that

grandfather Don Santos carries out against his defenseless grandchildren, Efraín

and Enrique. Don Santos represents the consumer society of capitalism, a system

that exploits the poor. The brothers Efraín and Enrique symbolize all the exploited

poor in the world. An important note: Ribeyro masterfully handles the literary

resources in the work without falling into exaggerated use, as well as having a

great command of language. In summary: The content and form will constitute an

indissoluble unit in the story "The buzzards without feathers."

VALUES OF THE WORK

a.- Literary value:

The writer Ribeyro writes the story "The buzzards without feathers" with a high

literary value, since in it you can find the good management of time, literary figures

and contemporary narrative techniques and as well as it has great human content .

The form and the substance come together to constitute an indissoluble unit and

give birth to a beautiful literary work.

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b.- Social value:

The story denounces the social injustice and child exploitation that occurs in

poor places within an opulent city of Miraflores in the 1950s. The writer bravely and

with great humanism does not hide his anger and indignation because he does not

want to be complicit in the excessive abuses against defenseless children. The

work has great social value because he writes with his firm pen the unjust actions

that occur in the work.

c.- Linguistic value:

Ribeyro introduces popular twists in the work to give greater strength to the

story that is set in places where misery and exploitation are rampant. The language

used by the writer is related to the underworld where the brothers Efraín and

Enrique live unjustly. The writer does not abuse popular phrases, but rather

masterfully combines them with words that are loaded with metaphors, images and

literary figures. Ribeyro has a good command of language.

MESSAGE OF THE WORK

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The message of the story "The Featherless Buzzards" that Ribeyro gives us is that

exploitation against the poor must end so that there is peace in humanity. Ribeyro

is crude when telling us a sad reality of two children who suffer merciless

exploitation by their diabolical grandfather Don Santos. In this story, the writer takes

us to a deep, very human reflection against abuse and violence.

VOCABULARY

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1. Knead: make dough by mixing flour, plaster, earth or something similar

with water or other liquid.

2. Blessed: who dedicates herself to doing works of charity and distances

herself from worldly pleasures.

3. Canillita street newspaper seller.

4. Spot: See, perceive confusedly or at a distance an object

5. Explore: find out a thing or place.

6. Macerate: soften something by squeezing it, hitting it, or submerging it in

a liquid

7. Berrear: shouting directed at a particular person

8. Decorate : embellish with decorations

9. Itinerary : route or route followed to reach a place

10. Sebum: any fat or excess fat

11. Zamarro: cunning and scoundrel man

12. Conceited: who is too convinced of his worth

13. Sniff: to investigate something secretly

14. Muladar: place where manure or garbage is dumped

15. Pebbles: small, rounded, smooth stone formed by water erosion.

16. Limping: walking like a lame person or lurching

17. Manotear: hit with your hands

18. Night owl: who wanders during the night.

19. Tram: motorized vehicle that travels on rails.

20. Climb: climb to a high and difficult to access place.

CONCLUSION
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The conclusion I can give about the story "The Featherless Buzzards" is that

the exploitation of children must end so that there is peace in humanity.

Ribeyro is crude when he tells us a sad reality of two little ones who suffer

merciless exploitation by their diabolical grandfather Don Santos.

In this story, the writer takes us to a deep, very human reflection against child

abuse and violence.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

 https://www.e Escritores.org/biografias/3036-ramon-ribeyro-julio
 https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/r/ribeyro.htm
 https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/.../Julio%20Ramon
%20Ribeyro
 https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.../CUENTOS%20DE%20JULIO
%20RAMON.pdf
 mercadofavorita.com/resumen-los-gallinazos-sin-plumas-de-julio-ramon-
ribeyro

INDEX

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 COVER

 DEDICATION

 INDEX

 INTRODUCTION 01

 BIOGRAPHY OF JULIO RAMON RIBEYRO 02

 MAIN WORKS 04

 LITERARY ANALYSIS OF “LOS GALLINAZOS SIN PLUMAS” 06

 ARGUMENT OF THE WORK “GALLINAZOS SIN PLUMAS”

07

 MAIN AND SECONDARY CHARACTERS 08

 SUMMARY OF WORK 09

 MAIN IDEA 11

 ENVIRONMENT WHERE THE EVENTS HAPPEN 11

 CRITICAL APPRECIATION

12

 VALUES OF THE WORK 12

 MESSAGE OF THE WORK

14

 VOCABULARY 15

 CONCLUSION 16

 BIBLIOGRAPHY 17

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