PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL SECURITY

1. PRINCIPLE OF UNIVERSALITY
The principle of Universality establishes that every person has the right to
live in health even with minimal economic means and free from the fear
that, if misfortune occurs, they will not be able to use the projective
means. The Principle of Universality states that all shelves and
inhabitants of a country must be within the scope of the Social Security
System.
Social insurance, complemented by the assistance policy, has partly
covered the observance of these rights. Partly because they followed a
criterion of the economically weak in their field of application,
subsequently expanding their coverage to all dependent workers (labor
criterion). On the other hand, because the assistance had an optional
nature in its granting, therefore referring to the economic possibilities of
the State.
The Principle of Universality, means that Social Security will reflect the
fundamental rights noted and others that are also immanent to human
nature, such as education, housing, in the individual and social
expression of man, free of economic, social and racial considerations. .
This principle is linked to that of internationality and the principle of
integrity, because while universality is related to the person in national
spheres, on the other hand, the second emerges from political factors, it
refers to nationality, that is, the same person, independently. of the
country where it is located, it must always be subject to protection.

Examples:
 Comprehensive Health System.
 Free education in national schools.
 Free higher education.
 Comprehensive Nutrition Program

2. PRINCIPLE OF SOLIDARITY
The principle of solidarity as, “The practice of mutual aid between people,
generations, economic sectors, regions and communities. Under the
principle of the strongest towards the weakest. It is the duty of the State
to guarantee solidarity in the social security system through its
participation, control and direction. “The resources coming from the
public treasury in the security system will always be applied to the most
vulnerable population groups.”
 Then we can say that solidarity is the cardinal principle of Social Security,
which is developed through specific legal norms or institutions, such as
the existence of a subsidized health regime and a pension solidarity fund,
solidarity contributions in the pension and health systems, the guarantee
of minimum pensions, the limits of maximum pensions, family coverage
for the health system, etc.
Examples:
 Contributions to Essalud
 Pension Normalization Office (ONP)

3. PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY
The principle of equality is a general principle of law and as such is
applicable to the field of social security. In accordance with this principle,
the same treatment must be given to all people who find themselves in
the same situation, and conversely, different treatment appropriate to
each circumstance must be given to people who find themselves in
different situations.
This is possibly one of the principles that is least complied with,
particularly due to the tendency to equate without considering the
differences. In social security systems, an adequate distinction of
different specific situations is missing, both in terms of the benefits
derived from social security and the obligations regarding it. That is to
say, the systems themselves have a tendency to establish criteria of
equality in the face of different situations and this tendency is further
reinforced by the attitude of the jurisdictional bodies to interpret in a
manner favorable to equality, despite being in the presence of situations.
different.

Example:
 Rural Electrification Program
 Food Complementation Programs

4. PRINCIPLE OF UNIT
In accordance with this principle, the social security system as a whole
must operate with consistent and coordinated criteria, and provide similar
benefits or benefits for the different groups that are protected.
This principle has often been confused with the requirement for
centralization of the entire social security system in a single entity. What
is emphasized with this principle is that there must be congruence in the
management of the different entities that participate in the administration
 of the social security system, and in the benefits granted by them, so that
the multiplicity of institutions does not break the principle. of equality.
In the field of the right to health, this principle has had a significant
development, but not in relation to the right to retirement in which,
despite some efforts, important differences remain in benefits and forms
of financing. without these differences having technical support.
Example:
 Pronabec
 Ministry of Health
 Ministry of social inclusion
 Ministry of Housing
 Cofopri

5. SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE
Ultimately, it is the community that is responsible for social security, not
the body or entity that administers a certain program. Therefore,
converging with the concept of responsibility, it is ultimately the State that
must deal with social security programs.
Example:
 Scholarship 18
 crib more
 Qaliwarma
 Subsidy on medicines

6. PRINCIPLE OF INTEGRALITY
In accordance with this principle, the system's social security benefits
must be consistent with the needs of the groups it seeks to protect.
Social security benefits should not stop at protecting classic risks
(disability, old age, death, illness and maternity), but should have
constant growth aimed at detecting different social needs to provide
protection.
To satisfy the different needs, according to each of the protected sectors,
benefits must be established appropriate to the different circumstances.
Example:
 Scholarship Program 18.
 Qaliwarma.
 Comprehensive neighborhood improvement program.

7. PRINCIPLE OF EQUITY
 The principle of equity in social insurance is the absence of any barrier to
an individual's affiliation to the social security system. Additionally, for the
social security system to be equitable, the main determinant for access to
services must be the need for the service, that is, the health status of the
individuals. To guarantee equity, the barrier effect that individuals'
income has on enrollment must be eliminated, as well as the practice by
some insurers of avoiding enrollment of individuals with a higher risk of
using services (called adverse selection). The second condition to make
equity effective is ensuring that the contents of the covered service
packages must respond to the service needs of the affiliated population.
Lastly, equity requires a system capable of providing services. For the
system to be equitable, it must not only have guarantees regarding
membership rights and access to suppliers, but the services must be
available; additionally, their distribution must be equitable, this requires
that the offer corresponds to the need of individuals. In this way, health
institutions must structure their operation around the services that
individuals need and demand.
Example:
 President of the Republic Scholarship.
 Pacific Alliance Scholarships.

8. PRINCIPLE OF PARTICIPATION
In a very generic and broad sense, it could be thought that this principle
encompasses the principles of universality and solidarity, while, in
accordance with the principle of universality, the participation of the
population in the benefits of security is proposed. social, and with that of
solidarity the participation of the population in the financing of social
security is proposed.
However, when we talk about social participation, it is done in a more
restricted way and separate from those principles, since it is related to
the fact that the different protected groups must be represented in the
management of the entities that administer the different security
programs. social and that, in addition, they must have participation in the
design of the system and the changes that may occur in general, and in
particular in the benefits profile.
Example:
 Youth volunteer program – SENAJU.
 PROJOVEN Program – MINISTRY OF LABOR.
 TOGETHER Program.
9. QUALITY PRINCIPLE
A high-quality service is one that offers the greatest benefit to individuals,
with minimal risk, given resources. In the case of health programs, quality
is the service that justifies the existence of social health insurance. If
health services do not improve the health status of users, they are
unnecessary and should not exist.
In order for the quality principle to be fulfilled, a quality monitoring and
measurement system is required that allows legislators, regulators,
buyers, and users to know the quality of the services offered.
Example:
 A quality supervision system for health services.
 Quality Improvement Program in Secondary Education.
 Education Program in Rural Areas.