LITERARY ARTS

The literary arts are the different manifestations classified within the great concept
of literature, which can be described as the art that uses the word as an
instrument. Furthermore, to understand these manifestations, it is necessary to
mention that literature is presented in three large genres that contain different
literary works: epic, lyrical and dramatic. We will briefly review each of these
elements, in order to get a very good idea about the concept.

The epic genre is, in simple words, one that presents an author who narrates the
events and makes his characters speak. This genus was named after Aristotle;
However, over time it has evolved in meaning, especially by including the novel.
That is why it is currently referred to with the concept of narrative. According to
their characteristics, narrative works are classified into subgenres, the most
important being the short story, the novel and the short novel.

The story is a brief narrative of real or imaginary events, with fantastic elements
and a simple plot. You can find detective stories (Married Hunter, The Three
Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Sign from Heaven), fantastic stories (The
Monkey's Paw, The Tell-Tale Heart), fairy tales (Little Red Riding Hood, Puss in
Boots, Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp) , horror (The Fall of the House of Usher,
The Black Cat, The Dweller in Darkness) and science fiction (Nightfall, Flowers for
Algernon, The Star).

Among the literary arts, the novel is a longer fictional narrative than the story that
can be idealistic or realistic. They are works that generally have 300 to 1,300
pages. Works considered too short to be novels and too long to be stories are
called short novels or nouvelles. Unlike short stories, novels present a greater
number of characters and more complicated or intense plots. Highlights include
works such as One Hundred Years of Solitude, Metamorphosis, The Ingenious
Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, Pride and Prejudice, Moby-Dick, Robinson
Crusoe, David Copperfield, Mrs. Dalloway, Anna Karenina, among many others.

Other subgenres of narrative are the epic (The Iliad, The Odyssey, The Araucana),
the epic song (The Song of Roland, The Song of My Cid) and the epic poem.

The lyrical genre is a poetic form with which the author expresses his feelings,
emotions or reflections. It is the most personal and subjective genre within the
literary arts. Here subgenres are presented such as the ode, which is a hymn of
praise; the elegy, which expresses the suffering for the death of a loved one; the
eclogue, which is the dialogue between shepherds who talk about country life;
satire, which ridicules other people's defects; the epigram, which expresses a
feeling for the common, the festive or the satirical; the epistle, with which the
author expresses himself to an absent person; the song, which are verses that are
expressed in songs with music. Poets such as Schiller, Gohete, Petrarca, Tasso,
Pablo Neruda, Gabriela Mistral, Fray Luis de León, Ronsard, Racine, Dryden,
 César Vallejo, Federico García Lorca, Miguel de Cervantes, among others, stand
out. Poetry can be considered within another genre called poetic, described as the
literary resource that tries to beautify everything it speaks about.

The dramatic genre is one that represents verses or prose that are known from the
characters' dialogue because there is no narrator. The main manifestations of this
genre are tragedy, comedy and drama. In tragedy the main characters always face
fate with a fatal outcome. The comedy deals with everyday themes with happy
endings. As for the drama, it represents pain and joy, but suffering predominates;
Generally, it does not have a happy ending.

Finally, among the literary arts, some authors point out a fourth genre called
didactic, which includes works that have the intention of teaching or moralizing.
There are fables, with animals as protagonists and a final moral; the essay, which
exposes an idea that the author himself defends. Also found in this genre are
treatises, oratories, biographies, dialogues, articles, treatises, chronicles, news,
reports, dictionaries, encyclopedias, among many others.

Literary Arts.

 Narrative : it is the art of writing in prose , recreating real or fictional events in

words , which the writer has in an appropriate way for their correct
understanding by the reader, for informative or recreational purposes,
expressed with a language that can vary from a descriptive aspect even another
imaginary or of a different nature. Among the various forms of narrative are the
novel and the short story .

 Poetry : it is a literary composition based on meter and rhythm , arranged

through a structure of verses and stanzas that can have various forms of
rhyme , although they can also be free verse . Its content can be equally
realistic or fictional, although in general poetry always tends to have an
evocative and intimate aspect, being the main vehicle for expression of the most
emotional component of the human being.

 Drama : It is a form of writing based on the dialogue of various characters, who

tell a story through the chronological and plot sequence of various scenes
where the action develops. Although it has an autonomous literary character, it
is generally designed to be performed theatrically , so drama is closely linked to
the performing arts.