STD IX-Lecture 48 M.

Prakash Institute
Consider 4ABC.
Recall the several formulae expressing area of 4ABC.
√ abc
∆ = rs = r1 (s − a) = r2 (s − b) = r3 (s − c) = rr1 r2 r3 = .
4R
Prove the following identities.
1 1 1 1
P1: + + = .
r1 r2 r3 r
P2: r1 r2 + r2 r3 + r3 r1 = s2 .
P3: Replace r1 by −r in P2 and s by (s − a) to obtain
r2 r3 − rr2 − rr3 = (s − a)2 .
P4: Similarly obtain,
r1 r3 − rr1 − rr3 = (s − b)2 and
r1 r2 − rr1 − rr2 = (s − c)2 .
Solution to P2:
1 1 1
r1 r2 + r2 r3 + r3 r1 = r1 r2 r3 ( + + )
r3 r1 r2
2
r1 r2 r3 rr1 r2 r3 ∆ (rs)2
= = = = = s2 .
r r2 r2 r2
Solution to P3:
1 1 1
r2 r3 − rr2 − rr3 = rr2 r3 ( − − )
r r3 r2
2
rr2 r3 rr1 r2 r3 ∆ [r1 (s − a)]2
= = = = = (s − a)2 .
r1 r12 r12 r12
Project 30 Formulae:
Consider 4ABC.
Consider r, r1 , r2 , r3 and R. Select any three of the above five radii.
This can be done in ten ways. Say for example, select r1 , r2 , r3 .
Hence all together we will generates 30 formulae.
Activity1: To express a, b, c in terms of r1 , r2 , r3 .
a = a + b + c − (b + c) = 2s − b − c = (s − b) + (s − c)
∆ ∆ ∆(r2 + r3 ) ∆(r2 + r3 )rr1
= + = =
r2 r3 r2 r3 rr1 r2 r3
∆(r2 + r3 )rr1 (r2 + r3 )rr1 (r2 + r3 )rr1 r1 (r2 + r3 )
= 2
= = =
∆ ∆ rs s
r1 (r2 + r3 )
=√ .
r1 r2 + r2 r3 + r3 r1
Did you enjoy these manipulations?
What would be even better?
Can we obtain this result geometrically?
Can you find two suitable simpler triangles in 5 circle configuration
to obtain above result.
Hint: Consider 4L01 A0 C and 4AE1 I1 .
You are invited to prove
r2 (r3 + r1 ) r3 (r1 + r2 )
b= and c = on your own.
s s
Write details of algebraic manipulations.
Locate correct pair of similar triangles to obtain geometric proof.
Homework:
H1: Project 30 Formulae
Activity2: Express a, b, c in terms of r, r2 , r3
Activity3: Express a, b, c in terms of r, r1 , r3
Activity4: Express a, b, c in terms of r, r1 , r2
You are expected to obtain the desired formulae using algebraic
manipulations as well as give a geometric proof.
Caution: Use the following hint only if you cannot complete the
solution on your own.
r(r2 + r3 ) r(r2 + r3 )
Hint: a = √ =
r2 r3 − rr2 − rr3 (s − a)
H2: Consider quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 · · · (∗)
Let α, β be roots of (∗).
Let k ∈ R.
Find the necessary and sufficient conditions so that α < k < β.
Find all values of m for which the roots α, β of the equation
(m − 1)x2 + mx − 5 = 0 satisfy α < 1 < β.
 FIVE CIRCLE CONFIGURATION:

F2

r2

E3
I2
r3 L'1
A L2
I3 E r2
L3 F r r2
r3 I
r3 F3
E2
O D2
D3 B D D1 C
E1
L'3

L'2
L1 r1
F1
r1
r1

I1