Aeronautical Regulations

Bolivian RAB 91

Flight rules and general operation

Part I: Aircraft
Within the topic presented here we will refer specifically to everything related to the pilot in
command ( PIC ) of an aircraft, for this it is important to know the definition of:
a) Remote pilot. - Person designated by the operator to perform functions
essential for the operation of a remotely piloted aircraft and for operating the
flight controls, as appropriate, during flight time.
b) Pilot in command.- Pilot designated by the operator, or by the owner in the case of the
general aviation, to be in command and responsible for the safe conduct of a flight.

It is also important to know that while in charge of an aircraft, the pilot in command has decisive
authority in everything related to it. According to point 91.115 Authority of the pilot in
command, of this regulation.
Regarding the responsibility of the PIC the point:
91.120 Responsibility of the pilot in command, states that:
(a) The pilot in command of the aircraft, whether or not he or she manipulates the controls, is
responsible for the operation, safety and security of the aircraft, as well as the safety of all crew
members, passengers and cargo. that is on board, as well as the
compliance with the flight rules, which may fail to follow them in circumstances that make
such non-compliance absolutely necessary for security reasons.
(b) Additionally, the pilot in command will be responsible for ensuring that:
(1) No flight will be commenced if any member of the flight crew is found
unable to fulfill their obligations for any reason, such as injuries,
illness, fatigue, or the effects of any psychoactive substance; and
(2) No flight shall be continued beyond the nearest suitable aerodrome when the
ability of flight crew members to perform their duties is
significantly reduced by the alteration of their faculties due to causes such as
fatigue, illness or lack of oxygen.
(c) The pilot in command will be responsible for notifying the nearest appropriate authority, by
the fastest means available, of any accident involving the aircraft in which any person is killed or
seriously injured or damage is caused. of importance to the
aircraft or property.
Considering all of the above, there are certain points that the pilot must consider, among which
are: pre-flight measures, prohibited and restricted areas, and the speed of the aircraft.
91.125 Pre-flight measures
(a) Before commencing the flight, the pilot in command must familiarize himself with all available
information appropriate to the planned flight.
(b) When the planned flight departs from the vicinity of an aerodrome, and for all IFR flights,
these measures must include the careful study of:
(1) current weather reports and forecasts available,
(2) calculation of fuel required,
(3) preparation of the plan to follow in case the planned flight cannot be completed.
(4) runway lengths of the aerodromes to be used and distance information
required takeoff and landing, which is part of the approved flight manual.
(5) other relevant information related to the performance of the aircraft according to the
elevation and gradient values of the aerodrome runway, gross weight (mass) of the
aircraft, wind and temperature.
91.130 Prohibited areas and restricted areas
The pilot in command shall not operate in a prohibited or restricted area, the details of which
have been duly published in the AIP and/or NOTAM, unless he complies with the conditions of
the restrictions or has permission from the competent authority, regarding whose territory these
zones are established.
91.135 Negligent or reckless operation of aircraft
No pilot should operate an aircraft in a negligent or reckless manner that endangers his or her
own life or property or that of others.
91.165 Aircraft speed
(a) The pilot in command shall not operate an aircraft below ten thousand (10,000 ft) feet above
the
terrain, at an indicated speed of more than two hundred fifty (250) knots, unless it is
otherwise authorized or required by ATC.
(b) If the minimum safe speed for any particular operation is greater than the
maximum speed described in this section, the aircraft can operate at that minimum speed.
Preventions: there are certain measures that the pilot must adopt when flying an aircraft, such
as:
91.175 Collision prevention
(a) None of these flight rules shall relieve the pilot-in-command of the responsibility to proceed
in the most effective manner to prevent a collision, including carrying out necessary anti-
collision maneuvers based on resolution advisories provided by the ACAS team. /TCAS (PANS-
OPS Volume I).
(b) The pilot in command must exercise surveillance on board an aircraft, regardless of the type
of flight or class of airspace in which the aircraft flies, and while it is circulating in the area of
movement of an aerodrome.
91.180 Operation in the vicinity of another aircraft
The pilot in command shall not operate an aircraft so close to another that it may cause a
collision hazard.

91,190 Lights that aircraft must display

(c) Pilots shall be permitted to extinguish or reduce the intensity of any on-board flashing lights
to satisfy the requirements prescribed in Paragraphs (a) and (b) if it is certain or likely that:
(1) adversely affect the satisfactory performance of their duties; either
(2) expose an outside observer to harmful glare.

91.195 Flight instruction: Simulated instrument flights

(2) a qualified pilot occupies a command position to act as a safety pilot if the
pilot-in-command flies by instruments under simulated conditions; and
(3) the safety pilot must have sufficient visibility both forward and backward
the sides of the aircraft, or a competent observer who is in communication with
The safety pilot will occupy a position in the aircraft from which his field of vision
adequately complement that of the safety pilot.
91,270 Interception
(b) In the event of interception of a civil aircraft, its pilot in command will comply with the
requirements contained in Appendix I, interpreting and responding to visual signals in the
manner specified in the same Appendix.
91.370 Takeoffs and landings according to IFR
At least one of the following visual references to the intended runway must be visible and
identifiable to the pilot:
(i) the approach lighting system, except that the pilot may not descend below 100 feet above the
elevation of the touchdown zone, using the approach lights as a reference, except that, the red
runway end bars or the red lateral row bars are visible and identifiable;
(ii) the runway threshold;
(iii) runway threshold markings;
(iv) runway threshold lights;
(v) runway threshold identification lights (REIL);

91,370 takeoffs and landings according to IFR

(f) Takeoff minima at a civil aerodrome .
(i) unless otherwise authorized by the CAA, no pilot will take off from an aerodrome
civil according to IFR, unless weather conditions are equal to or greater
to the conditions established by the competent authority for that aerodrome.

Chapter C: Special Flight Operations

91.405 Towing of gliders and other light non-propelled vehicles

(a) An aircraft towing gliders or other light vehicles shall not be operated.
powered, unless:
(1) the pilot in command of the towing aircraft has received training and has
experience in towing gliders or other light non-propelled vehicles,
in accordance with an authorization from the AAC;
(4) before conducting a tow flight within the lateral limits of designated areas
as Class B, C, D or E airspace for an aerodrome, or before making each
tow flight in controlled airspace if required by ATC, the pilot at the
The command will notify the control tower if said tower is in operation in that area. But
control tower exists, or is out of service, the pilot in command must notify ATC
that serves said controlled airspace before conducting any security operation.
trailer; and
(5) the pilots of the towing aircraft and the glider or light unpowered vehicle
They must agree on a complete plan of action including:
(i) takeoff and release signals;
(ii) speeds; and
(iii) emergency procedures for each pilot.
(b) No pilot shall intentionally release the tow rope after releasing the glider in such a way as to
damage or endanger the life or property of others.
91.410 Towing of equipment other than those named in Section 91.405
No pilot shall tow with an aircraft any object or other equipment other than those named in
Section 91.405.
91.415 Parachutes and parachute descent
b) Except in case of emergency, the pilot in command will not allow, nor will any person execute
parachute jump operations from an aircraft except under prescribed conditions
by the competent authority and as indicated by the information, advice or authorization
of the relevant air traffic services unit.
(c) Unless each occupant of an aircraft uses an approved parachute, the pilot of an aircraft
aircraft transporting persons (other than the crew) will not execute any
intentional maneuver that exceeds:
(1) in inclination, 60° with respect to the horizon.
(2) in pitch, more than 30° (nose up or nose down) with respect to the horizon.
(d) Paragraph (c) of this section does not apply to:
(1) verification flights for pilot qualification or evaluation.

Chapter D: Flight Operations

They are services that are provided on the airport platform or runway and are directly
related to all the activities carried out with the aircraft, to execute the flight.
91,505 Flight services and facilities
(a) The pilot in command will not initiate a flight unless previously determined, using
official data from aeronautical information services or other authorized sources, which
land and sea facilities and services, including transportation facilities
communications and navigation aids required for that flight and for safety
of the aircraft and protection of its passengers:
(1) are available;
(2) are suitable for the safe operation of the intended flight; and
(3) function properly for that purpose.
(b) The pilot in command will take appropriate measures to ensure that, without undue delay,
any deficiencies in facilities and services observed in the course of its operations,
to the authority directly in charge of them.
(c) Subject to published conditions for their use, aerodromes and heliports and their
facilities will be continuously available for flight operations during their
published hours of operation, regardless of weather conditions.
91.510 Instructions for operations
(a) The pilot in command will verify that all operations personnel are properly trained in
their respective obligations and responsibilities.
91,515 Operational control
(a) The pilot in command will have responsibility for operational control.
91,520 In-flight emergencies
(a) In the event of an emergency that endangers operational safety or the protection of the
aircraft or persons, if any action must be taken that violates local regulations or procedures, the
pilot in command will notify local authorities without delay
competent.
(b) If required by the State where the incident occurs, the pilot in command will submit a report
on
such infringement to the competent authority of said State. In this case, the pilot in command
shall also submit a copy of the report to the State of registration of the aircraft. Such reports
They will be submitted as soon as possible and usually within 10 days.
91.525 In-flight simulation of emergency situations
The pilot in command will not allow non-normal situations to be simulated when passengers are
carried
or emergency.
91,530 Information relating to search and rescue services
The pilot in command will ensure that all information is carried on board the aircraft on each
flight.
relating to the search and rescue services of the area over which the aircraft will fly.
91,535 Linguistic competence
The pilot-in-command shall ensure that flight crew members have the ability
to speak and understand the language used for aeronautical radiotelephone communications,
as specified in RAB 61.
91,540 Minimum use of aerodrome, heliport or landing site
(d) The pilot in command will establish minimum utilization of the aerodrome, heliport or place of
landing in accordance with the criteria specified by the CAA of the State of Registry, for each
aerodrome, heliport or landing site to be used in operations. These
minimums will not be lower than any of those that may be established for said aerodromes,
heliport or landing site by the State of the aerodrome, except where approved
specifically said State.
91.545 Flight preparation
(a) No flight shall be commenced until the pilot-in-command has verified that:
(1) the aircraft:
(i) meets the airworthiness conditions;
(ii) is duly registered;
(iii) has the corresponding current certificates on board;
(iv) has the appropriate instruments and equipment, taking into account the conditions
planned flights;
(v) has received the necessary maintenance in accordance with Chapter H of this
part; and
(vi) does not exceed the operating limitations contained in the flight manual or its
equivalent.
(2) the weight (mass) and center of gravity of the aircraft are such that the
safe flight, taking into account the expected flight conditions; and
(3) the cargo transported is properly distributed and secured.
(b) The pilot in command must have sufficient information regarding the performance
ascension with all engines running, in order to determine the slope
lift that can be achieved during the exit phase in take-off conditions
existing and with the planned takeoff procedure. You must also have performance data for all
remaining flight phases.
(c) The pilot in command shall ensure that the following flight equipment and operational
information
are accessible and current in the cockpit of each aircraft:
(1) a flashlight in good condition;
(2) checklists;
(3) aeronautical charts;
(4) for night IFR or VFR operations, approach, terminal area and
route navigation;
(5) Essential information relating to search and rescue services in the area about the
which one is going to fly;
(6) in the case of multi-engine airplanes, performance data for climb with one engine
inoperative; and
(7) a pair of replacement corrective lenses, when prescribed in your certificate
medical, as set forth in RAB 67, Paragraphs 67.075 (b) (2), 67.095 (b) (2) and
67.115(b)(2).
(d) The operator and/or pilot in command will keep the completed forms for three months
flight preparation.
91,550 Flight planning
(a) Before commencing a flight, the pilot-in-command shall familiarize himself with all the
information
available weather, appropriate to the flight being attempted.
91.555 Use of seat belts, shoulder straps and restraint systems
children
(a) Unless otherwise authorized by the AAC:
(1) No pilot shall take off an aircraft unless the pilot in command ensures that
Each person on board has been informed about:
(i) how to fasten and unfasten your seat belt and, if applicable, your shoulder straps
shoulder; and
(ii) the way to evacuate the aircraft in case of emergency.
(2) No pilot shall move an aircraft on the surface, take off or land, unless
The pilot in command ensures that each person on board received instructions to
Fasten your seat belt and, if present, your shoulder straps.
91.560 Crew briefing
(a) The pilot-in-command shall ensure that crew members are familiar, by means of
of verbal coaching or other method, the location and use of:
(1) seat belts; and, when appropriate,
(i) emergency exits;
(ii) life jackets;
(iii) oxygen supply equipment; and
(iv) other emergency equipment intended for individual use, including instruction cards
emergency for passengers.
91,565 Passenger briefing
(a) The pilot-in-command shall ensure that passengers are aware, through briefing
verbal or other method the location and use of:
(1) seat belts;
(2) emergency exits;
(3) life jackets required by section 91.820;
(4) other emergency equipment supplied for individual use, including emergency cards
emergency instructions for passengers.
(b) The pilot-in-command shall ensure that all persons on board are aware of the location and
general way of using the main emergency equipment carried for collective use.
(c) In the event of an emergency during the flight, passengers will be instructed on safety
measures.
emergency appropriate to the circumstances.
(d) The pilot in command shall ensure that during takeoff and landing and whenever, for
reasons of turbulence or any other emergency that occurs during the flight is considered
Caution is necessary, all passengers on board the plane are restrained in their seats
by means of seat belts or restraint straps.
91,570 Flight crew members at their duty stations
(a) Flight crew members in their duty positions must comply with the following:
(1) On takeoff and landing.- The pilot in command and the members of his flight crew
those who are on flight duty in the cockpit will remain in their positions.
(2) En route.- The pilot in command and the members of his flight crew who are on duty
flight officers in the cockpit will remain in their positions, unless their absence
is necessary to perform tasks related to the use of the aircraft or for
physiological needs.
(3) Safety belts.- The pilot in command and the members of his flight crew
They will keep their seat belts fastened while in their positions.
91,580 Meteorological and operational observations issued by pilots
The pilot in command will notify ATC as soon as possible if adverse weather conditions are
encountered.
or unforeseen flight situations that in its discretion could affect the operational safety of other
aircraft, complying with the provisions of section 91.255 of this Part.
91,590 Oxygen provision
(a) The pilot-in-command shall ensure that a sufficient quantity of breathable oxygen is carried
to
provide it to crew members and passengers, for all flights at altitudes at
that the lack of oxygen could cause a decrease in the faculties of the members of
crew or a detrimental effect on passengers.
91.637 In-flight fuel management
(a) The pilot-in-command shall continually ensure that the quantity of usable fuel
remaining on board is not less than the amount of fuel required to proceed
to an airfield, heliport, or landing site where a safe landing can be made
with the planned final reserve fuel.
(b) The pilot in command will notify ATC of a minimum fuel situation by declaring
MINIMUM FUEL when, having the obligation to land at an aerodrome,
specific heliport or landing site, estimates that any change in clearance
existing for that aerodrome may result in a landing with less than the fuel
planned final reservation.
(c) The pilot in command shall declare a fuel emergency situation by
broadcasting of MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY FUEL, when the amount of
usable fuel calculated to be available upon landing at the aerodrome,
nearest heliport or landing site where a safe landing can be made is
less than the planned final reserve fuel quantity.
91.645 Hazardous flight conditions
The pilot in command will communicate, as soon as possible, to the corresponding aeronautical
station, the
dangerous flight conditions that are encountered other than those related to conditions
meteorological.
91,650 Hand luggage
(a) The pilot in command shall ensure that all carry-on baggage boarded on the aircraft and
introduced into the passenger cabin, is well retained.
(b) No pilot in command of an aircraft may permit a passenger to carry his or her baggage to
on board the aircraft, except:
(1) In a compartment or area intended for the storage of cargo and/or luggage, or
(2) under the passenger seat, provided that it cannot slide forward or backward.
sides under the impact of severe crashes.
91.655 Category II and III Operations: General operating rules
(d) When a DA/DH is required to be used and provided, the pilot in command shall not
continue an approach below the authorized DA/DH minima, unless
meet the following conditions:
(1) the aircraft is in a position from which descent can be made
and landing on the planned runway, at a normal descent rate, using maneuvers
normal and where the rate of descent will allow contact within the zone of
contact on the runway planned for landing.
(2) at least one of the following visual references must be distinguished and
identifiable by the pilot, on the runway planned for landing.
(i) the approach lighting system.
(ii) the runway threshold.
(iii) runway threshold markings.
(iv) runway threshold lights.
(v) those of the contact zone or the marks of the contact zone.
(vi) contact zone lights.
(e) The pilot in command must immediately execute the appropriate missed approach all
whenever, prior to contact, the requirements established in Paragraph (d) of
this section.
(f) for CAT III approaches, without DH, the pilot in command may only land the aircraft,
within the limits of your Letter of Authorization (LOA) or your OpSpecs.
91,680 Cargo transportation
(a) No pilot-in-command may allow cargo to be carried on any airplane unless:
(1) Is transported in an approved cargo container, container or cargo tray
approved, or compartment installed in the aircraft,
(2) is secured by means approved by the competent Aeronautical Authority; either
(3) is transported in accordance with the following:
(i) That is properly secured by a seat belt or other device that
has sufficient strength to eliminate the possibility of slipping under
all flight and ground conditions.
(ii) That it is packed or covered, to avoid any possible damage to passengers.
(iii) That she does not exert any load on the seat; or on the floor structure, which
exceed the weight limitation for those components.
(iv) That it is not located in a position that restricts access to or use of any
emergency exit or access doors, or the use of the corridor between the load and
the passenger compartment.
(v) That it is not loaded directly on seated passengers.
Chapter E: Limitations on performance
91,705 Aircraft
(c) The pilot in command will use available information to determine that the performance of the
aircraft will allow takeoff, route and landing to be carried out safely.
91,810 Requirements for equipment and instruments for operation
(c) The pilot in command must ensure that a flight does not begin unless the equipment and
instruments required:
(1) meet the minimum performance standard and requirements
operational and airworthiness conditions under which the aircraft has obtained the
type certificate; and
(2) are in operable condition for the type of operation being conducted, except
as provided in the approved MEL, if applicable.
91,820 Equipment for aircraft that fly over water
(2) When the pilot in command, based on the assessment of the risks to the
survival of the occupants in case of forced ditching, considering the environment and
operating conditions such as, among others, sea conditions and temperature and
from the air, the distance from an area on the ground that is suitable for making a landing
emergency and availability of search and rescue facilities; HE
ensure that, in addition to having the equipment required in Paragraph (c)(1) of this
section, the aircraft is equipped with:
(i) life rafts in sufficient number to accommodate all persons going to
board, stowed in such a way that it is easy to use immediately in case of
emergency, provided with rescue equipment, including means for the sustenance of
life, that is appropriate for the flight to be undertaken; and
(ii) the equipment necessary to make pyrotechnic distress signals.
91,857 Flight recorders – General
(c) Flight recorder recordings
In the event that the aircraft is involved in an accident or incident, the pilot in command and/or
the
owner/operator shall ensure, to the extent possible, that all
recordings related to flight recorders and, if necessary, flight recorders
corresponding, as well as to maintain its custody while determining what to do with
them in accordance with RAB 830 or, failing that, Annex 13.
Chapter I: Flight crew
91.1310 Ratings
(a) The pilot in command:
(1) ensure that each flight crew member is in possession and carrying
a license with valid ratings and aeronautical medical certificate and
appropriate to the functions to be performed, issued by the State of registration of
the aircraft or issued by another State and validated by the State of registry;
(2) ensure that flight crew members are properly cleared
adequate; and
(3) verify, to its satisfaction, that flight crew members remain
competent.
Chapter J: Manuals, logbooks, documents and records
91.1405 Flight Manual
(a) The pilot in command must operate the aircraft in accordance with the operating limitations
specified in the approved flight manual.
91.1425 Technical flight record of the aircraft
(a) The pilot in command must use an aircraft technical flight log to record all
the difficulties, failures or malfunctions detected in the aircraft.
Chapter K: Aviation Security
91.1505 Aircraft protection
The pilot in command will be responsible for the safety of the aircraft during its operation.
91.1510 Unlawful interference
(a) The pilot in command of an aircraft that is subject to acts of unlawful interference shall
possible to notify the ATS unit:
(1) what is pertinent to this fact;
(2) any significant circumstance related thereto; and
(3) any deviation from the updated flight plan that circumstances make
necessary, in order to:
(i) allow the ATS unit to give priority to the aircraft; and
(ii) minimize traffic conflicts that may arise with other aircraft.
(b) If an aircraft is subject to unlawful interference, the pilot in command shall attempt to:
(1) land as soon as possible at the nearest suitable aerodrome/heliport; either
(2) at an aerodrome/heliport assigned for that purpose by the competent authority, to
unless the situation on board the aircraft dictates another way of proceeding.
91.1515 Notification of acts of unlawful interference
After an act of unlawful interference has occurred, the pilot in command will submit a report on
said act to the designated local authority.
91.1610 Compliance with laws, regulations and procedures in foreign States
(a) The pilot in command shall observe the relevant laws, regulations and procedures of the
States
in which the aircraft operates.
(b) The pilot in command will know the laws, regulations and procedures applicable to the
performance of their functions, prescribed for the areas to be crossed and for the
aerodromes or heliports to be used, and navigation services and facilities
corresponding air.
(c) The pilot-in-command shall also ensure that other members of the flight crew
are familiar with these laws, regulations and procedures as they relate to the performance of
their
respective functions in the operation of the aircraft.
91.1645 Special rules for foreign aircraft
(2) When a DME or RNAV system required by this paragraph fails above FL 240,
The pilot in command will notify ATC immediately and continue operations by
above FL 240 to the next aerodrome at which it intends to land, where it will replace
the team.
91. 1655 Linguistic competence
The pilot-in-command shall ensure that flight crew members have the ability
to speak and understand the language used for aeronautical radiotelephone communications
as specified in RAB 61.
d. Signs for maneuvering on land
1. From the pilot of an aircraft to the signalman
Note 1. - These signals are intended to be made by a pilot in his position, with his hands clearly visible to the pilot.
signalman, and illuminated as necessary to facilitate observation by the signalman.
Note 2.- The aircraft engines are numbered in relation to the signalman who is looking at the aircraft,
from your right to your left (i.e. engine no. 1 is the port outboard engine).
Yo. Brakes
Note.- The moment in which the hand closes or the fingers are extended indicates, respectively, the moment of
apply or release the brake .
TO. Brakes applied: Raise arm and hand, with fingers extended,
horizontally in front of the face, then close your hand.
Appendix F
Operations in airspace with reduced vertical separation minimum (RVSM) - Aircraft
2. Operational procedures prior to entering RVSM airspace:
Yo. Before entering RVSM airspace, the pilot in command of aircraft with
RVSM approval shall verify that the following equipment required to fly in
RVSM airspace is operating normally:
TO. two independent primary altimetry systems;
b. SSR mode C transponder;
c. altitude warning system;
d. automatic altitude maintenance system.
ii. If any equipment listed in the preceding paragraph is not operating
Normally, the pilot must notify ATC before entering RVSM airspace,
using the phraseology: “RVSM IMPOSSIBLE DUE TO EQUIPMENT”.
3. Operational procedures within RVSM airspace:
In the event of failure of one of the Primary Altimetry Systems, but the system
remaining altimeter is operating normally, the pilot should:
TO. Couple the Altitude Maintenance System to the operational altimetry system
b. Increase altitude maintenance vigilance; and
c. Notify ATC of the system failure, using the following phraseology; "For
information, operating with an altimetric system only.
ii. Failure of all Primary Altimetry Systems
In the event of failure of all Primary Altimetric Systems, or if they are
considered unreliable, the pilot must:
TO. maintain the flight level indicated on the “standby” altimeter (if the aircraft is
equipped) at the time of failure or at the time the systems are
considered untrustworthy;
b. alert nearby aircraft by turning on all exterior lights, and, in
case it is not in direct contact with ATC, transmitting position, flight level,
and intentions at 121.5 MHZ.
c. Notify ATC of the system failure, using the phraseology “RVSM IMPOSSIBLE
BECAUSE OF TEAM.”
iii. Divergence of indication in Primary Altimetric Systems:
In the event of a divergence of more than 200 feet between the primary altimeters, the pilot
you must:
TO. Try to determine the defective system, through the procedures
established and/or comparing primary altimetric systems with the altimeter
“standby” (if required, using the correction card).
b. If the faulty system can be identified, attach the altimetry system that
Altitude Hold System is operating and proceed accordingly.
with paragraph 3.i.
c. If the faulty system cannot be identified, proceed according to the
paragraph 3.ii.
iv. SSR Mode C Transponder Failure.
In the event of SSR Mode C Transponder failure, the pilot must notify ATC of the
cited failure, using the phraseology “RVSM IMPOSSIBLE DUE TO EQUIPMENT”.
v. Altitude Warning System Failure
The pilot must notify ATC in the event of a failure of the Altitude Warning System,
using the phraseology “RVSM IMPOSSIBLE DUE TO EQUIPMENT”.
saw. Failure of the Automatic Altitude Maintenance System
In case of failure of the Automatic Altitude Maintenance System, the pilot must
Take the following actions in the following sequence:
TO. Maintain the Authorized Flight Level;
b. Evaluate the aircraft's ability to maintain the authorized level through
manual control;
c. Monitor conflicting traffic both visually and by reference to ACAS;
d. Alert nearby aircraft by turning on all exterior lights, and, if necessary,
case does not establish direct contact with ATC, transmitting the position, level of
flight and intentions on 121.5 MHZ;
AND. Notify ATC of the system failure, using the phraseology “RVSM IMPOSSIBLE
BECAUSE OF TEAM.”
saw. Special procedures for in-flight contingencies.
If an aircraft cannot continue flight in accordance with the authorization of the
ATC, and/or cannot maintain accuracy for navigation performance
specified in the airspace:
TO. Whenever possible and before starting any action, you will obtain a new
authorization,
b. Where appropriate, the radiotelephony danger signal should be used
(MAY-DAY) or the urgency signal (PAN PAN) preferably repeated three
times. Subsequent actions by ATC with respect to said aircraft will be
They will be based on the pilot's intentions and the general air traffic situation.
c. If you cannot obtain prior authorization, you will request an authorization from ATC with
as quickly as possible.
Until such authorization is received, the pilot:
YO. You will initially abandon the assigned route, turning 90 degrees to the right or left.
the left.
When possible, determine the direction of the turn based on the position
between the aircraft and any ATS routing system, the direction toward a
alternative airport, orography of the terrain; flight levels assigned to
other aircraft on adjacent routes, etc.
II. After the turn the pilot:
to. If it cannot maintain the assigned flight level, it will initially minimize
rate of descent as much as practicable;
b. Will take into account any other aircraft moving laterally
of his defeat; c. will establish and maintain in any direction, a separate track
laterally 28 km (15 NM) from the assigned route or otherwise to a
distance that is the midpoint between that route and the adjacent parallel one; and
d. once established on the displaced track, it will ascend or descend
to select a flight level that differs 150 m (500 ft) from those
normally used.
III. It will give the alert by establishing communications with nearby aircraft,
broadcasting by radio at appropriate intervals, the identification of the aircraft,
the flight level, its position and intentions; both in the frequency in use and
on 121.5 MHz (or 123.45 MHz for communications between pilots);
IV. will maintain surveillance of traffic with which it may come into conflict, for
visual means and by reference to ACAS; v. will turn on all the lights
exteriors of the aircraft;
v. will keep the SSR transponder activated at all times.
Appendix H
Unlawful interference
1. If the pilot-in-command is unable to proceed toward an aerodrome in accordance with Section
91.1510(b) should attempt to continue the flight on the assigned track and at cruising level
assigned, at least until you can communicate with an ATS unit or until
that is within its radar or automatic dependent surveillance coverage – broadcasting
(ADS-B).
2. When an aircraft subject to an act of unlawful interference must depart from the track
assigned or assigned cruising level, without being able to establish radiotelephone contact with
the ATS, the pilot in command should, if possible:
Yo. attempt to broadcast warnings on the VHF channel in use or on the VHF frequency of
emergency and other appropriate channels unless the situation on board the aircraft
dictate another way of proceeding. If appropriate and if circumstances permit,
You should also use other equipment such as transponders for this purpose.
onboard and data links; and
ii. continue the flight in accordance with special procedures for
contingencies in flight, when such procedures have been established and
promulgated in the Regional Supplementary Procedures (Doc 7030); either
iii. If regional procedures applicable to the case have not been established, continue the
flight at a level that differs from the cruising levels normally used by aircraft.
IFR flights:
TO. 150 m (500 ft) in an area where 300 vertical separation minimums apply
m (1,000 ft); either
b. 300 m (1,000 ft) in an area where vertical separation minima apply
600 m (2,000 ft).
Appendix I
Interception of civil aircraft
TO. all civil aircraft pilots are aware of the measures they must
take and the visual cues to be used, as indicated in Section
91,270 of LAR 91;
b. operators or pilots in command of civil aircraft put into practice the
requirements of Section 91.1005(e), relating to the need for aircraft
can communicate on 121.5 MHz and has on board the procedures for
interception and visual signals;
d. all pilots in command of interceptor aircraft are aware of the
general limitations on the performance of civil aircraft and
possibility that the intercepted civil aircraft may be in a state of
emergency due to technical difficulties or unlawful interference;

and. Maneuvers for navigation guidance.-

1. If, after the identification maneuvers of Phases I and II above, it is considered
necessary to intervene in the navigation of the intercepted aircraft, the intercepting aircraft
main, or the only intercepting aircraft, should normally be positioned to the left (at
port), slightly above and in front of the intercepted aircraft, to allow it to
the pilot in command of the latter sees the visual signals given.
2. It is essential that the pilot in command of the intercepting aircraft be sure that the
pilot in command of the other aircraft has realized that he is being intercepted and
has recognized the signals sent.
3. Yes, after repeated attempts to attract the attention of the pilot in command of the aircraft
intercepted using the signal from Series 1 of Table I-2 of this appendix, the stresses
prove unsuccessful, other signaling methods can be used for this purpose, including
as a last resort the visual effect of the afterburner subject to the fact that there is no question of
dangerous situation for the intercepted aircraft.
4. It is recognized that occasionally weather or topographic conditions may
force the main interceptor aircraft, or the sole interceptor aircraft, to position themselves
to the right (starboard), slightly above and in front of the intercepted aircraft.
In these cases, the pilot in command of the intercepting aircraft must take great care
in which the pilot in command of the intercepted aircraft has it in sight at all times.
APPENDIX M
REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (RPAS)
2 . Granting of certificates and licenses
2.3 Remote pilots will obtain their licenses, or have their licenses validated, in accordance
in accordance with current regulations in accordance with the provisions of RAB 61.
APPENDIX N
EVACUATION/AEROMEDICAL RESCUE AND TRANSFER OF ORGANS
(c) If there is a doctor to assist in the medical evacuation, the pilot in command of the
aircraft must inform the latter regarding the characteristics of the flight, so that
can adopt the preventive actions that it considers necessary for the transfer.
In all cases, the Pilot in Command must complete the Evacuation Form
Sanitary Appendix N.
If possible, these documents must be submitted to the ARO-AIS Office of the aerodrome.
closest to the place of departure or destination.
(d) When required in the medical evacuation and transfer of organs, the pilot in command
may temporarily modify the original configuration of the aircraft, for the purposes of
enable the transfer of the sick or injured person
(e) Once the operation is completed, the pilot in command must make the most
close to the place of departure, the place of destination or the closest, if applicable.
from a suitable location, a written statement, stating:
(1) the circumstantial relationship of the facts that justified the emergency, such as
example: location of the accident, circumstances that determined the Evacuation
Health as the only relief response, absence of a hospital center in the
vicinity, indication of the police authority that has intervened in the
accident (if applicable), and other elements of judgment that make the state of
need to resort to such an aerial operation.
(f) What is established in paragraph (e) is the exclusive responsibility of the operator and the
pilot.
in command of the aircraft, and may be considered in your favor when analyzing
contraventions of current aeronautical regulations, by complaint or ex officio investigation,
If the presentation made it possible for the Authority to verify the facts
Aeronautics.
Part II – Large aircraft and turbojets
91.1935 Responsibility for operational control
(a) The pilot in command will be responsible for operational control.
91.1945 Familiarization with operating limitations and emergency equipment
(a) The pilot in command of an airplane must, before starting a flight, become familiar with:
(1) the airplane flight manual or equivalent document; and
(2) with any plate, list, instrument mark, or any combination thereof that
contain the operating limitations prescribed by the State of design or manufacture,
for each aircraft of the operator.
Chapter B: Flight operations
91.1990 No smoking and fasten seat belt signs
(a) Except as provided in Paragraph (e) of this section, no pilot shall operate an airplane with
passengers, unless equipped with signs to notify:
(1) the prohibition of smoking; and
(2) when to fasten seat belts.
(b) The signs required in the previous paragraph will be:
(1) visible to all passengers and cabin crew;
(2) installed so that they can be activated and deactivated by the crew; and
(3) on:
(i) during the movement of the airplane over the surface;
(ii) before each takeoff and landing; and
(iii) at any time the pilot in command deems necessary.
(e) The pilot in command of an airplane that does not require, in accordance with airworthiness
requirements,
be equipped with the signs described in Paragraph (a) of this section, it will ensure
that passengers are verbally instructed about:
(1) the prohibition of smoking; I
(2) when seat belts should be fastened.
(f) Each passenger will comply with the instructions given by the crew members regarding
to this section.
91.2013 In-flight fuel management
(b) The pilot-in-command shall continually ensure that the quantity of usable fuel
remaining on board is not less than the amount of fuel required to proceed
to an aerodrome where a safe landing can be made with reserve fuel
expected end remaining upon landing.
(c) The pilot-in-command will request delay information from ATC when unforeseen
circumstances
could result in a landing at the destination aerodrome with less than the fuel
final reserve plus the fuel necessary to proceed to an alternate aerodrome or the
fuel needed to fly to an isolated airfield.
(d) The pilot in command will notify ATC of a minimum fuel situation by declaring FUEL
MINIMUM when, having the obligation to land at a specific aerodrome, it calculates
that any change to the existing authorization for that aerodrome may result in a
landing with less than the expected final reserve fuel.
(e) The pilot-in-command shall declare a fuel emergency situation by broadcast
of MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY FUEL, when the amount of fuel
usable that was calculated to be available upon landing at the nearest aerodrome
91.2030 Obligations of the pilot in command
(a) The pilot in command:
(1) ensure that the prescribed checklists have been carefully followed
in Section 91.1960; (2) will be responsible for notifying the nearest corresponding authority, by
means
fastest available, any accident involving the airplane, in which any
person is killed or seriously injured or significant damage is caused to the
plane or property. In the event that the pilot in command is incapacitated, the operator
will have to take such measures;
(3) will be responsible for notifying the operator, upon completion of the flight, of all defects that
notice or suspect that they exist on the aircraft; and
(4) will be responsible for the maintenance of the logbook or the general declaration that
contain the information listed in Section 91.1410 of this regulation.
(a) The pilot in command shall ensure that no cargo is carried on board, unless it is:
(1) transported in an approved cargo container or in a compartment installed in
the plane;
(2) secured by means approved by the AAC; either
(3) transported in accordance with the following provisions:
(i) is properly secured by a seat belt or other means having
sufficient strength to eliminate the possibility of load slippage during
all anticipated conditions in flight and on the ground;
(ii) is adequately packaged or covered to prevent possible injury to passengers;
(iii) that does not impose any load on the seating structure or on the floor, that
exceed the load limitations for those components;
(iv) is not located in a position that limits access or use of any
normal or emergency exit or the use of any corridor between compartments
of the crew and passengers; and
(v) is not transported on passenger seats.
(b) When the cargo is transported in compartments designed for the physical entry of a
crew member, in order to extinguish a fire that may occur in flight, the cargo will be stowed so
such that all parts of the compartment can be reached by the contents of a fire extinguisher
portable fire.
91.2050 Flight recorder recordings
(a) When an airplane is involved in an accident or incident, the pilot in command and/or the
owner/
The operator shall ensure, to the extent possible, that:
(1) all recordings related to the flight recorders are retained and if necessary
necessary flight recorders, and
(2) are kept in custody in accordance with RAB 830.11.
91.2050 Flight recorder recordings
(a) When an airplane is involved in an accident or incident, the pilot in command and/or the
owner/
The operator shall ensure, to the extent possible, that:
(1) all recordings related to the flight recorders are retained and if necessary
necessary flight recorders, and
(2) are kept in custody in accordance with RAB 830.11.
Note 2.- The responsibilities of the pilot in command with respect to the conservation of the recordings of the recorders
of
flight are listed in Section 91.2050.
(c) Flight recorder recordings.-
(1) In the event that the airplane is involved in an accident or incident, the pilot in command
and/or the owner/operator shall ensure, to the extent possible, that
retain all recordings related to the flight recorders and, if necessary,
necessary, the corresponding flight recorders, as well as maintaining their
custody while determining what is to be done with them in accordance with the
Corresponding regulation.