Wow) JESUS MARIA EL ROSAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

“With science and values: excellence in being, knowing and doing”

WORKSHOP ( ) EVALUATION ( ) GUIDE ( ) SHEET ( ) QUIZ ( )

SUBJECT: Social Sciences TEACHER: Gabriel Miranda Pérez

NAME:Nicoll Marin Lopez GROUP: 701 – DATE: March 11, 2021
702 - 703

TO. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE

DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVITIES: *. Dear 3. From the attached material or other sources of
students, in advance a fraternal greeting, wishing that information, define the following concepts related to
each of you are well. This guide must be done the topic of the Roman Empire:
individually and uploaded to the platform
*. This workshop will be delivered on Thursday,
March 18 and will be uploaded to the platform
*. Rely on reliable sources of consultation.
b. CONCEPTUAL REFERENCES:
LET'S REMEMBER VERY USEFUL
INFORMATION
Taking into account that knowledge of history is a
process that requires the development of thinking
skills and in continuity with the review exercise that
has been done in class, I propose the following work
proposal.
If you have access to the Internet, you can use the
following video as a resource for consultation and
complementation in the preparation of the work: The
Roman Empire in 10 minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF_yHrFP1Ls
• Empire, Civilization, Dynasty, Polytheism,
Barbarian invasions, Fall of the Roman
Empire, Citizens, Absolutism, Attila, Odoacer,
Emperor.
4. Solve the following questions by using the skill of
inference.
• What are the main causes of the fall of the
Roman Empire?
• What is the fundamental difference between
Patricians and Plebeians?
• Taking into account the political organization
in the Roman Empire, what is the
fundamental difference with the political
system of our country?
• What is the relationship between the fall of the
Roman Empire and the barbarian invasions?
• What is the fundamental difference between
religion in the Roman Empire and our
religious beliefs?
• Consult and draw about the main Roman
gods
• Make a comic strip about the fall of the
Roman Empire
• What were the main barbarian towns and
where were they located?

ACTIVITY I TOPIC N° The Roman Empire

1. Do the corresponding reading of the Annex
material (Summary on the Roman Empire and the
barbarian invasions) using the techniques of
underlining the fundamental concepts and ideas.
2. After reading the material, solve the following
questions.
• Describe the characteristics of the Roman
Empire
• Describe the geographical location of the
Roman Empire and prepare the
corresponding map.
• When did the Roman Empire develop?
Describe the temporal location, that is, the
dates of its development.
• Mention and explain the periods into which
the Roman Empire is divided.
What was the Roman Empire?
The Roman Empire was an empire founded by
Emperor Augustus in the year 27 BC. C., which
lasted until 476 AD. c.
This civilization was mainly characterized by great
political and military power, territorial conquests and
victorious wars, which led it to be one of the largest
empires in human history so far.
The Roman Empire was characterized by dominating
the entire area of the Mediterranean Sea for a long
historical period, covering more than 7 million square
kilometers. Additionally, many modern-day cultural
influences were born from this empire.
Characteristics of the Roman Empire
The properties that characterized the Roman Empire
are the following:
• Its main capital was Rome, although Milan,
Ravenna, Nicomedia and Constantinople
were also capital.
• Their coins were the denarius, the sestertius
and the Byzantine solidus.
• Their main language was Latin.
• Until Christianity was established, the
Romans were polytheistic, that is, they
believed in many gods.
• By the year 117 AD. C., its year of maximum
splendor, it came to possess more than 7
million square kilometers of territory.
• It had a period known as "cultural flowering",
which began in the year 27 BC, where it had
a large number of artists and writers
dedicated to expressing the customs and
culture of Rome, for which the Romans stood
out in poetry, history, philosophy and oratory.
Location of the Roman Empire
The Roman Empire of antiquity was located in what
we currently know as Rome, that is, on the European
continent and exactly on the Italian peninsula, whose
capital is Italy.
As the empire expanded, it reached the north, along
the Rhine River and the Danube, and also to
England. To the south, it reached Asia Minor, the
northern part of Africa and the Mediterranean Sea,
exactly to the coastal regions.
Stages of the Roman Empire
The politics of the Roman Empire can be divided into
two stages: High Empire and Low Empire.
High Empire: It consists of the stage that was from
Augustus to Diocletian, more specifically, from the
beginning of the empire in the years 27 BC. C. until
284 AD. c.
This stage of the Roman Empire was characterized
by its rise, reaching the most important point of its
territorial expansion.
During the High Roman Empire, 4 different dynasties
ruled:
• Julio-Claudian dynasty, successors of
Augustus, 14 to 68 AD. c
• Flavian Dynasty – 69 to 96 AD. c.
• Antonine Dynasty – 96 to 192 AD. c.
• Severina dynasty – 192 to 235 AD. c.
Late Empire : The Late Roman Empire began with
the arrival of Diocletian to power, in the year 284 AD.
C., and ended with the fall of the empire, in the year
476 AD. c. This stage was characterized by
beginning a phase that years later would lead to the
crisis that put an end to the great empire.
Social and political organization
The Roman Empire stood out due to its great social,
political, economic and religious organization Social
organization
Social pyramid of the Roman Empire.
The social organization of the Roman Empire had a
quite diverse system, since there were different social
class distinctions, within which we can differentiate:
• Patricians: representatives of the highest
social class, who enjoyed fiscal, judicial,
political and cultural privileges. They were
descendants of the founders of Rome, part of
the Senate and belonging to the European
nobility .
• Commoners: all those who did not have
benefits from the State nor were descendants
of the founders of the nation. As time went by,
they managed to have their rights as Roman
citizens recognized. These were in turn
divided into nobles , gentlemen and clients.
• Slaves: they did not have any type of rights,
they were prisoners of war and were used for
trade. They were the lowest social class in the
empire. Slaves who had been freed by their
owners were called freedmen.
In addition to this class division, there was another
group of Roman citizens: the honorary citizens, who
were those who renounced their old nationality to
become Romans; the members of the army, who had
to undergo extensive training to belong, and the free
settlers, freed slaves, but with no other option to
survive than to continue working for their owners.
Political organization
The political system of the Roman Empire was
centralized and characterized by absolutism, since
the emperor had all the authority, power and was in
charge of military, legislative and judicial affairs.
The Senate was an advisor to the emperor and did
not have enough power to make decisions.
The assemblies were held as a Roman tradition, but
they had no authority and much less power. The
members of the magistrate were under the authority
of the emperor, who elected them.
Economy of the Roman Empire
The economy of the empire was based on slavery,
since thanks to the hard work of the slaves the State
benefited. These enslaved people built fortifications,
communication routes and ports. In addition, the
economy was also based on livestock and
agriculture. In the case of agriculture, wheat, barley,
legumes, vegetables, grains, olive trees and
vineyards were grown. Furthermore, this economy
was supported thanks to the tribute and taxes that
were demanded from other towns or from the citizens
themselves .
Religion of the Roman Empire
At the beginning of the Roman Empire, the official
religion was based on polytheism, that is, on the cult
or worship of multiple divinities and gods. To honor
them, temples were used where there were sacrifices
and different offerings. They had a large number of
religious festivals.
From the year 380 AD. C., with significant growth in
the region, Christianity became the main official
religion of the empire. The old practice of worshiping
various gods was forgotten and Christianity began to
be an important factor in the history of humanity.
roman gods
Before Christianity was established as an official
religion, the Romans were polytheistic, that is, they
believed in various gods: Jupiter, Juno, Vulcan,
Diana, Phoebus, Minerva, Venus, Pluto, Neptune,
Mars, Mercury, Bacchus, etc.
The fall of the Roman empire
To understand the fall of the Roman Empire, it must
be clear that it was divided in the year 395 AD. c.
when Theodosius, before dying, decided to divide the
empire between his sons Arcadius and Honorius.
From then on, the empire was divided into 2: the
Eastern Roman Empire and the Western Roman
Empire.
By the year 475 AD. C., when Romulus Augustulus
came to the throne and due to his inefficiency in
governing the western side of the empire, he was
losing territories until a barbarian emperor, called
Odoacer, took advantage of the situation and decided
to conquer this side of the empire, thus giving it its
start. to the Middle Ages.
The end of the Roman Empire is considered the fall
of its western side, since this included the loss of the
great territorial power as it was known in its heyday.
In any case, it was not the same situation for the
eastern side, which lasted almost 1000 more years
under the name of the Byzantine Empire.
This came to an end in 1453, with the fall of
Constantinople at the hands of the Ottoman Empire,
an event that began the Modern Age.
barbarian invasions
The invasions of foreign peoples that surrounded the
Roman Empire and constantly forced their armies to
fight to defend the Roman borders were one of the
main causes of the fall of Rome. These people, called
barbarians by the Romans because they did not
speak the languages of the empire, caused fear in
the citizens who lived in the border cities.
Next, we review the main barbarian towns and some
of the invasions that led to the collapse and
dismemberment of the Empire. We highlight the
figures of Attila the Hun and Od Oacro.
Main barbarian towns
There are numerous peoples or tribes that were
located around the Roman territories, the Saxons, the
Jutes, the Alans, the Suebi, the Burgundians, the
Vandals, the Germans, the Angles and many others.
However, we highlight four main ones:
• The Visigoths , from Thrace, present-day
Romania. They invaded Hispania and
expelled the Vandals who until then occupied
it to North Africa. Monarch Eurich was the first
independent king of Rome, many others
followed until 711 when the Muslims took the
peninsula.
• The Huns , from Mongolia, are a nomadic
people who began to head west in the 3rd
century, devastating all the cities they passed
through, raping, looting and enslaving the
towns and their inhabitants. Its main leader
was Attila.
• The Franks invaded northern Gaul, present-
day France, and became fervent defenders of
Catholicism. Its best-known king is
Charlemagne who would become Emperor of
the West during the Holy Roman Empire.
• The Ostrogoths , led by Odoacer, invaded
Italy, causing the collapse of the Western
Roman Empire after the conquest of Rome in
476 AD.
Attila the Hun : The most feared and powerful of the
Hun kings. He led his nomadic people from Mongolia
to Central Europe, he was the last of the Hun leaders
since after his death they disappeared. He ruled the
largest empire of his time from 434 until his death. He
attacked the Roman Empire on numerous occasions,
both from the East and the West. He besieged
Constantinople and sacked Rome, the Roman
capitals. Although his empire disappeared with him,
he left an indelible mark on the minds of Roman
citizens due to his bravery and cruelty.
Odoacer: We highlight the Ostrogothic leader due to
his crucial intervention in the fall of the Western
Roman Empire, since it was precisely he who led the
Ostrogothic forces to take and sack Rome in the year
476 AD which was the trigger or final blow for the fall
of the Western Roman Empire.
SOLUTION: its development.
During the imperial phase, Rome was characterized
1. by having an autocratic government in the hands of
Roman Empire: The Roman Empire was an empire the famous emperors. In this period, the rule of the
founded by Emperor Augustus in the year 27 BC. c., Romans extended to unthinkable limits. This era
which lasted until 476 AD. c. began in the year 29 BC. C. and ended in the year
At the beginning of the Roman Empire, the official 476 AD
religion was based on polytheism and to honor the
gods, temples were used where they made sacrifices • Mention and explain the periods into which the
and different offerings...they had a large number of Roman Empire is divided.
religious festivals. The politics of the Roman Empire can be divided into
two stages: High Empire and Low Empire.
Barbarian invasions: the Roman Empire constantly
High Empire
forced its armies to fight to defend the Roman
borders, were one of the main causes of the fall of It consists of the stage that was from Augustus to
Rome. Diocletian, more specifically, from the beginning of
the empire in the
2.
• Describe the characteristics of the Roman years 27 a. C. until 284 AD. c. This stage of the
Empire: Roman Empire was characterized by its rise,
The domain of the Roman Empire covered the entire reaching the
coasts of what is currently known as the
Mediterranean Sea. More specifically its domains most important point of its territorial expansion.
were: North Africa, western Asia and southern and During the High Roman Empire, 4 different dynasties
western Europe. All powers (administrative, political, ruled:
military and religious) fell to the figure of the emperor.
• Julio-Claudian dynasty, successors of Augustus,
• Describe the geographical location of the 14 to 68 AD. c
Roman Empire and prepare the corresponding • Flavian Dynasty – 69 to 96 AD. c.
map:
The geographical location of the ancient Roman • Antonine Dynasty – 96 to 192 AD. c.
civilization is present-day Italy, in the valley of the 7 • Severine Dynasty – 192 to 235 AD. c.
hills near the Tiber river, the most important in Italy.
Under Empire
The proximity of the city to this river made it possible
to obtain water for the development of different The Lower Roman Empire began with the arrival of
agricultural and livestock activities (especially sheep). Diocletian to power, in the year 284 AD. C., and
ended with the fall
of the empire, in the year 476 AD. c.
This stage was characterized by beginning a phase
that years later would lead to the crisis that put an
end to the great empire.
3. From the attached material or other sources of
information, define the following concepts related
to the Roman Empire:
- Empire: An empire is a multi-religious, multicultural
and multi-ethnic State that obtained at least part of its
territory through annexation conquests and that, in
addition, maintains constant expansion as long as
there are no external or internal pressures of an
economic, political or military nature.
- Civilization: A civilization is a complex society, and
• When did the Roman Empire develop?
therefore its defining features are its form of
Describe the temporal location, that is, the date of
organization, its institutions and its social structure, What are the main causes of the fall of the Roman
as well as its available technology and the way it Empire?
exploits available resources.
1- Decline in values and morals.
- Dynasty: A dynasty is a series of rulers of one or
2- Public health and diseases.
different states, related to each other, or all coming
from the same family; especially in monarchies. 3- Poor technological development.
- Polytheism: It is a religious or philosophical 4- Inflation.
conception based on the existence of several divine
5- urban decay.
beings or gods. In most religions.
- Barbarian invasions: Period of the great
6- A Divided Empire.
migrations (in traditional European historiography 7- Barbarian invasions.
they have also been called barbarian invasions or
8- Too much military spending.
Germanic migrations) is a period between the 3rd
century and the 7th century AD that affected 9- Christianity and the decline of civic
extensive regions of the temperate zone of Eurasia, virtue
and which ended up causing the fall or destabilization
10-political corruption.
of large consolidated empires such as the Roman
Empire, the Sassanid Empire, the Gupta Empire or
the Han Empire.
What is the fundamental difference between
- Fall of the Roman Empire: Almost without making
Patricians and Plebeians?
a sound, the Western Roman Empire fell, devoured
by the barbarians. The one in the East would survive The patricians were the nobles who, according to
for a thousand more years, until the Turks, in 1453, them, had been from the founding families of Rome,
overthrew the last Byzantine emperor. With him the they were the aristocracy.
two-millennial dominion of the descendants of The plebeians were all common people, both low and
Romulus ended. middle class, they could never become patricians no
- Citizens: A person considered an active member matter how rich they were, because they did not have
of a State, holder of political rights and subject to its the patrician surnames of nobility.
laws.
- Absolutism: Absolutism is a system of absolute
Taking into account the political organization
government, in which power resides in a single
person who rules without accountability to a In the Roman Empire what is the difference
parliament or society in general. fundamental with the political system of our
- Attila: Attila was the last and most powerful leader country?
of the Huns, a tribe probably from Asia, although his
In Rome only a part of the population could
exact origins are unknown.
participate (free men and rich people) in decision
- Odoacer: Germanic king of the Heruli. He was making while in our country everyone participates to
proclaimed king of Italy by his troops in the year 476. choose a person to represent us.
Finally, he took Tarraconense (470-475, and forced
with Odoacer to depose the last Western Roman
emperor, Romulus Augustulus in 476. What is the relationship between the fall of the
- Emperor: An emperor is the sovereign monarch of empire
an empire or a monarch who has other kings as Roman and barbarian invasions?
vassals. During the decline of the Roman Empire, there were
4. Solve the following questions by using the many barbarian (foreign) peoples who, taking
infer skill. advantage of internal dissidence, approached its
borders and settled there, constantly pressing to Make a comic strip about the fall of the Empire
enter. Roman

What is the fundamental difference between the

religion in the Roman Empire and our
religious beliefs?
The religion of the Roman Empire worshiped many
gods.
While that of the European only worships one God.

What were the main barbarian towns and where

were they located?

After the retreat of the Huns, barbarian tribes settled

in the interior of the empire: the Franks and
Burgundians took Gaul; The Suebi, Vandals and
Visigoths settled in Hispania; The Heruli took the
Italian peninsula after defeating and deposing the last
Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus.
Consult and draw the main Roman gods.