PROGRAMMED LOGIC

Wired logic consists of the design of automation through the use of wired circuits, using auxiliary contacts
of electromechanical relays, power contactors, timed relays, counter relays, oil-hydraulic and pneumatic
valves, as well as other elements according to the requested needs. for the client. Wired circuits include
command and control, signaling, protection and power functions. Without forgetting the corresponding
protection of the installation through its corresponding protection elements, circuit breakers, motor
protectors, frequency converters, power sources and differentials. Any change in the installation
programming will involve modifying the wiring and elements so that they fulfill the new control, protection
and power functions. Wired logic automations are usually used in small installations and in critical places
where the safety of people and machines cannot depend on programmed logic. Although it should be
noted that today, much progress has been made in this field of security and there are detectors and
programmable robots specially designed to control people's security.

What is a Contactor?

The contactor is a remote-controlled electrical device that can close or open circuits, whether under
vacuum or under load. It is the key part of the automation in the electric motor.

Its main application is to carry out opening and closing maneuvers of circuits related to motor
installations. Except for the small individual motors, which are operated manually or by relays, the rest of
the motors are operated by contactors.

A contactor is made up of a coil and contacts, which can be open or closed, and which act as switches
for opening and closing the current in the circuit.

What is a Relay?

It is an electrical device that works like a switch but is electrically operated. The relay allows contacts to
be opened or closed using an electromagnet, which is why they are also called electromagnetic relays or
relays. Look at the following image and we are going to explain how it works.
 We see that the relay in the figure has 2 contacts, one open and the other closed. When we put current
through the coil, it creates a magnetic field, creating an electromagnet that attracts the contacts, making
them change position, the one that was open closes and the one that was normally closed opens. As you
can see, there will be a circuit that activates the coil, called the control circuit, and another that will be the
circuit that activates the output elements through the contacts, called the secondary or power circuit. They
can have 1, 2, 3 or almost as many as we want output contacts.

PROGRAMMED LOGIC

The expression "programmed logic" (or "programmable logic") refers to the possibility of establishing the
logical operation of an integrated circuit by defining it through a language that allows it to be described at a
more or less high level and that can subsequently be translated to implement it in the logical device, either
during its manufacture or later.

Programmed (or programmable) logic, as opposed to "hardwired logic", makes it possible to manufacture
more or less generic integrated circuits, without predetermined logical functions, and to later define and
store their operation and even modify it later. The expression wired logic would thus refer to the one that is
implemented by defining it at the physical level.

Programmed logic requires software, the description of its operation, and hardware, the integrated circuits
that support said operation. Programmed logic software is usually expressed at a high level using a
hardware description language, HDL. The process of obtaining information that allows logic to be
implemented in integrated circuits is usually called synthesis.

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) continue to evolve as new technologies add to their capabilities.
The PLC was started as a replacement for relay banks. Gradually, mathematics and manipulation of
logical functions were added. Today they are the brains of the vast majority of automation, processes and
special machines in the industry. PLCs now incorporate smaller sizes, higher CPU speeds, and different
networks and communication technologies.

A PLC can be thought of as a small industrial computer that has been highly specialized to provide
maximum reliability and maximum performance in an industrial environment. At its core, a PLC looks at
digital and analog sensors and switches (inputs), reads its control program, does mathematical
calculations and as a result controls different types of hardware (outputs) such as valves, lights, relays,
servo motors, etc. in a time frame of milliseconds.

LOGO!SOFT AND SIEMENS SIRIUS PLC

It is a logical module, that is, a programmable controller that allows machines to do work without
human intervention. But the key and important word is programmable, not programmed. Therefore it is
necessary to program the LOGO! for it to do a task since the bug itself does nothing.

Basically it works as follows: LOGO! You are going to give it a series of signals as input data, which will be
processed in the program, and the LOGO! It will give some output data.
In the real world, this translates into buttons, handles, sensors, etc. (input data), processing in the LOGO
and activation or not of relay outputs (output data).
I found a diagram that can explain it visually by doing a little digging:

A logo! Is it a PLC?
Technically yes, since the term PLC is nothing more than the acronym in English for Programmable Logic
Controler , that is, a programmable logic controller. Come on, what has been our LOGO!
What happens is that the acronym PLC is used for programmable controllers of greater capacity, such as
the 200, 300, 400, 1200 or 1500 series in Siemens.
So yes it is a PLC, but when people refer to a PLC they are not talking about a LOGO!
To make a comparison, when you hear the word automobile you think of a car and not a pine tree,
although both fall into the definition of automobile .

What advantages does it have?

The advantages are many:
 They are affordable devices in price.
 Because it is programmable, it is flexible and versatile. You can do many things with them.
 Saves a lot of wiring.
 It is much easier to maintain in case you have to make modifications.
It is scalable: you can add more or fewer inputs and outputs.

 It may have an associated control screen.
 What is a Siemens LOGO! for?
Mainly for small automations and home automation. As I told you before, it is a low-power automaton
compared to its older brothers. This does not mean that small filigrees of automation cannot be made, but
rather that its processing power, its number of inputs and its number of outputs are much more limited.