TF.

ADRIAN LUGO MACÍAS

 CENTURY XV
ALONSO DE OJEDA NAVIGATED THE ESEQUIBO
1492
RIVER

During his navigation through the

1494 Gulf of Paria, Alonso de Ojeda
discovered and took possession, in
the name of Spain, of the entire
inhabited coast through native
1499 Arawaks, whos
e
territories
they called “Guyana” that in its
dialect means “Land of Water”.

1508

THE TERRITORY ESE@UB©) IS ©ti

 CENTURY XVII

1713 TREATY OF UTRECHT

Spain and Great Britain sign the Treaty of
Utrecht, by which England undertook to
1777 respect Spanish territories occupied in English
America. The sea power and Guiana
Dutch.

1791

1802

THIS TERRITORY (@UDB(©) IS ©ti

 CENTURY XVIII
GENERAL CAPTAINTY OF
1713 VENEZUELA
It was created on September 8, by
the Royal Decree of Carlos III, and
1777 is made up of the following
provinces: Venezuela, Nueva
Andalucía or Cumaná, Maracaibo,
Guayana, Margarita and Trinidad.
1791 This administrative act became a
unifying factor, politically,
economically and militarily, of the
hitherto separate provinces.
1802
CAPITANI'GENERAI
MTORICAL MAP
OF VENEZUELA
1777

THIS TERRITORY (@UDB(©) IS ©ti

GENERAL CAPTAINTY
FROM VENEZUELA

THIS TERRITORY (@UDB(©) IS ©ti

CENTURY XVIII
TREATY OF AMIENS
1713 wnHe- Gmnpre ha-ner ve J we? wirK ou<

Peace is signed and sealed hane, anoc wie o? either..

petwe K« 6-

9eAt %eaty anAe camed ou- reypeenve Gak*

between England and Spain. Ter ft v4mien 4 vngr/ep- •lr 492. ri

ka*e*ereto.
Qo»e a- Amen tÁt $we*y *evo-*A JarcL18o2
ittrifnnlo.

Through England
this treaty Oela Reputhyne Fen (
s»fow-«(yenro. o/ pe

'g- GM9e2A*g 4 B
1777 He agrees to return the 482
-' z c-ca 5
territories taken by force from
Spain, but making the exception
1791 of the Island of Trinidad, which
England takes over.

1802
 CENTURY XIX

1803 GEOGRAPHICAL MAP OF AMERICA

SOUTHERN
Francisco de Miranda publishes
the Map of the cartographer
Cruz Cano y Olmedilla, printed
in London under the
British Government.
sponsorship of the In this
map appears it river
Essequib as line
o Spanish between colonial
dividing and the territory
lineDutch.

THE TERRITORY THAT(@UDB©) IS D)E

XIX CENTURY
NAPOLEONIC WARS
1803

Great Britain goes to war against

Holland and France. This new
confrontation moves the conflict
to America to invade the
possessions
Dutch in the Demerara and
Essequibo regions.
XIX CENTURY The United Provinces of Venezuela declare their
independence from Spain on July 5. In its first
Constitution, the limits are established in its 5th chapter:
“The limits of the United States of Venezuela are the
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
same as those that in the year 1810 corresponded to the
1803 former Captaincy General of Venezuela.”
XIX CENTURY

TREATY OF LONDON
1803
XIX CENTURY It is the end of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. Holland
finds itself a protectorate of England and is forced to
cede 20,000 square miles of its possessions east of the
Essequibo River. This territorial extension understands
Demerara, Berbice and Essequibo
 REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA
With the triumph of the Battle
of Boyacá, on August 7, New
Granada, liberated by Simón
Bolívar, was incorporated
into the newly created
1821 “Republic of Colombia”,
decreed on December 17 at
the Congress of Angostura.

The “Province of Venezuela”

1823
maintains the same limits that Spain had in
the Captaincy General of Venezuela.

1824
MAP OF
XIXNEW
CENTURY
VENEZUELA
GRANADA AND
QUITO 1819
1821

1823

1824
 XIX CENTURY
BOUNDARIES BETWEEN COLOMBA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM
Minister Francisco Antonio Zea, in a note addressed to the Prime Minister of Great Britain, defines the eastern
limits of Greater Colombia: “It ends at the Essequibo, the left bank of this river being the border with Dutch
Guiana.” The new Republic is forced to protest the continuous invasions of English settlers into Venezuelan
territory.
XIX CENTURY
MONROE DOCTRINE: AMERICA FOR AMERICANS.

In his message of December 2,

the President of the StatesJoined,
1821 James
Monroe points out: "The
American continent is not
susceptible to colonization, the
1823 European powers will not be able
to extend their dominions in it,
only the Status Quo is accepted,
the borders of the new countries
1824 will maintain those acquired from
the colonies."

VENEZUELA
 On July 24, with the victory of the
patriots in the Battle of Lake Maracaibo, the war ends.
XIX CENTURY The Empire of Great Britain recognized the independence
of Gran Colombia and Guayana Esequiba as an integral
NAVAL BATTLE OF THE LAKE
part of the new Republic.

1821

1823

1824

THE TERRITORY THAT@U0[8@) IS FROM

 XIX CENTURY
ENGLAND RECOGNIZES GREAT COLOMBIA
1825
England recognizes New Granada
and Venezuela as a sovereign
1830
State, which has the Essequibo
River as the eastern limit of its
territory.

1831

1834

THE TERRITORY ESE@UDB©) IS ©f

XIX CENTURY
DISSOLUTION OF THE UNION OF GREAT COLOMBIA
1825 This year's Constitution in its 5th
article. establishes that the
1830 territory of the Venezuelan
nation is as follows: “The
territory of
Venezuela understands
1831 everything that before of
the
political transformation of 1810
was called the Captaincy
1834 General of
Venezuela."

VENEZUELA THE TERRITORY ESE@UDB©) IS D)E

XIX CENTURY
BRITISH GUYANA
1825
On July 31, England merges the Settlements of
Demerara, Berbice and Essequibo and calls them British
Guiana, the western territory of the Guianas east of
1830 Essequibo, ceded by Holland in 1814.

1834

E VENEZUELA
XIX CENTURY

SCHOMBURGK LINE
1825

1830

1831

1834
 The Council of the Royal Geographical Society of London commissioned the Prussian naturalist
Robert Schomburgk for that
recognize and deepen knowledgeabout the
British Guiana, by exploring its interior, without the English Crown officially intervening in the
mission.
XIX CENTURY
SCHOMBURGK MAP
1835 Schomburgk produced the first map Referential lines, territorial
controversy over Guayana
of British Guiana, in which he RE TRINITY Esequiba
YTOBAGO

indicates that the Venezuelan

MONAGAS V ~
DELTA AMACURO

P
territory reached the Essequibo River
1840
(this map was hidden Guasipati

English malicious for the GEORGETOWN

form). they To others posteriori, GUYANA

appeared works
1845
st. Helen

interested and biased that URINAI

They were modified according to the (1835) Original Line

interests of the expansionist

1849 geopolitics of that power.
 TRINITY
YTOBAGO

MONAGAS " 3
DELTA
AMACURO

Puerto Ordaz

El Guri
Reservoi Guasipati
r Callao

GEORGETOWN

GUYANA
Mountain
Boraima
Following
the
Santa Elena
Essequ
de Uairén
course

British reconnaissance SURINA,

line
(1824)

SCHOMBURGK Lines
(1835) Original Line (1840-1886)

Maximum British aspiration

abandoned before the Arbitration

Court (1887-1897)

Paris Arbitration Award Line

mmm (10/3/1899)
XIX CENTURY

GREAT BRITTANY PUBLISH

1835

AMALUKO

Puerto Ordaz

Schomburgk was commissioned by ilse

the English government to make a

Ri Guasipati
Callao
No

topographical survey of British

Guiana, in which
include the pretensions Santa Elena

1845 d
de Uairen

expansionists of the British Crown British reconnaissance line

at that date, which included 141,930

square kilometers west of the
1849 Essequibo River.
 XIX CENTURY
OFFICIALLY THE NEW MAP WITH A BORDER LINE
•m (1824)

SCHOMBURGK lines
• (1835) Original Line em (1840-1886)
em (1887)

Maximum British aspiration abandoned before the Arbitration Court

m • (1887-1897)

Paris Arbitration Award Line mmm (10/3/1899)

XIX CENTURY
SPAIN RECOGNIZES THE
1835 INDEPENDENCE OF
VENEZUELA
Through the Treaty of Peace and Recognition (Signed in
Madrid) on the territory of the former Captaincy General
1840
of Venezuela, which included the Province of Guayana,
which reached the Essequibo.

1845
1849

%'ERIpy I p I
XIX CENTURY
HEIST KdAe E4e go" „o 52*
— u, B RITIS II (ill
ANA
In^inh Mile».

IMPERIAL
102000 12 v

1835
Rulway q--- - -

England incorporates
60,000 square miles west
1840 of the Essequibo River into iddele
Deopg

its territory, based on

another version of the map
drawn by the German
1845 Schomburgk.

1849
• 1852 DELIMITATION BETWEEN
XIX CENTURY VENEZUELA AND BRAZIL
GOLD RUSHSigns
IN VENEZUELA
1859 Venezuela the Treaty to Delimit the Border with

1852 Brazil.

___TO 9

•----- -VENEZUELA-- Porinoco

1859 EGeorgotown
1886
-J 1G
/ or / J.
Bogota ’/ I~(
The discovery• 1
of rich _ A fdeposits
gold 7 1 in the
SURINAME

1886
1887 COLOMBIA Sp—y W )
Venezuelan Yuruari River aroused the greed of
_EcÉ -
British colonists, who began to occupy the territory
-c N2g0Tegro 1 *
west of the Essequibo River. The English
5 TLK Japura h
1887 government did not support these gold seekers;
Venezuela protested and repelled the incursions of
gold seekers.
 THE DISCOVERY OF IMPORTANT GOLD DEPOSITS
IN THE ESEQUIBO
They motivated the British government to publish a new
official map in which the Schomburgk Line was
indicated, but drawn even further west to add more
territory to British Guiana and incorporate the gold
deposits that belonged to Venezuela. The new map
included Punta Barima and all the territory usurped by
the English, also threatening to extend their aspirations
to Upata and the mouth of the Orinoco .

IT'S FROM
VENEZUELA
XIX CENTURY
IMPERIAL EXPANSION
1852
The Ministry of the Colonies advised the Foreign Office
to extend the line to “ a maximum British aspiration”
that amounted to 203,810 square kilometers west of the
Essequibo, which included Venezuelan towns as old as
1859
Guasipati, founded in the 18th century, and reached
close to of the towns of Upata and Tumeremo.

1886

In view of the serious and repeated abuses, Venezuela

breaks relations with Great Britain on February 20.
1887

IT'S FROM
VENEZUELA
XIX CENTURY
INVOLVEMENT OF THE
NORTH AMERICAN EMPIRE
1896
1897
MONROE
DOITRINE
HANDS
OFe:

MONROE"DOCTRINE PROCLAIMED 1863 S'A

1899 The United States Congress appoints a 6-member

commission to determine the true boundaries of British
Guiana with Venezuela. The bases of the Arbitration
Treaty are signed between the United States and England
1900
to decide the Guyanese question.

VENEZUELA
XIX CENTURY

1896 FROM WASHINGTON

1897

1899 England.

1900
SIGN THE ARBITRATION TREATY
On February 2, Under pressure from the United States and Great Britain, Venezuela is forced to accept arbitration
under disadvantageous conditions. No Venezuelan was part of the Arbitration Commission. Venezuela was
represented by two Americans; two Englishmen represented the British side, and a fifth Russian arbitrator, a personal
friend of the queen of
XIX
XIX CENTURY
CENTURY
PARIS ARBITRATION AWARD
1896

1897

1899 On October 3, the Arbitration Court issued a unanimous

decision known as the Paris Arbitration Award to settle
the territorial demarcation of the boundary between the
United States of Venezuela and British Guiana. This
1900
ruling gave Great Britain 90% of the disputed territory.
 BRITISH
1896 MARKING BEGIN

1897

1899

Venezuela denounces the Paris Award and the British

Legation in Caracas notifies the Government of
1900 Cipriano Castro, that if it does not appoint its
Demarcation Commission, Great Britain will proceed
with the demarcation on its own.

THE TERRITORY ESE@UDB© ES

 VENEZUELA DENOUNCES THE
ARBITRATION
1903
In the Venezuelan arbitration before the International
Court of The Hague, Venezuelan lawyers did not hesitate
1944 to affirm that the 1899 Arbitration “left a feeling of
bitterness in the mind of Venezuela.”

1948

1949

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA
 SIGNS THE WASHINGTON ARBITRATION TREATY
The Venezuelan Government, even though it was aware
1903 that the Essequibo territory that belonged to it had been
taken away, nevertheless praised the participation of
Severo Mallet-Prevost in the Paris Arbitration Award of
1899.
1944
ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA

1948

1949
 SEVERO MALLET DIES
1903 PREVOST
On December 10, Severo Mallet-Prevost, who was one of
the lawyers who defended Venezuela in the arbitration
trial, died in New York.
1944

1948
1949

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA
X CENTURY
PARIS ARBITRAL AWARD FRAUD
1903

1944
The memorandum by Severo Mallet-Prevost is
published in the American Journal of International Law :
1948 “While it is true that in the decision the Court gave
Venezuela the most important sector in dispute from a
strategic point of view, such as the mouth of the

949
Orinoco, was unfair to Venezuela and deprived it of a
very extensive and important territory, over which Great
Britain did not have, in my opinion, the slightest
shadow of right."

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA
 ARBITRATION IS NULL AND VOID
1962 On November 12 of that year, through the Chancellor of
Venezuela, Dr. Marcos Falcón Briceño, he denounced the
Award of October 3, 1899 before the XVIII Assembly of the
United Nations, declaring it null and void.
1966

1967

1970

)ESEQUIBO IS FROM VENEZUELA

 GENEVA AGREEMENT
1962 On February 17, 1966, the Geneva agreement was signed.
In this agreement, the governments of Venezuela, Great
Britain and the colony of British Guiana recognize the
existence of a controversy over sovereignty in the
1966 Essequibo Territory and establish the procedures to find a
solution through peaceful means.

1967

1970

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA
 DIVIDING LINE
On July 9, President Ra Decree
1,152, whose article 1 t straight base úl Leoni signs the race
in the co sector included between “the line of tas of
the Essequibo line and Punta Venezuela ivisoria del
Araguapiche Federal Delta Amacuro. Río in the Territory
This straight baseline line of the
interiors on the Atlantic façade is imitates the Venezuelan
intended to protect sovereignty waters with the
MM mqa x ry. wg «r
Ptlhomna • 69} - 3 _ — is D D,, 00200"
ga1 .223/ S-( bh g"oe—-
. Qetna \1 “,5

2c*
,M 0018-------------- n 736, -- N- st 2ss2c- or-
l — =L 4 E C
R P) — _______________ to
Exact position INTERCEPTION of the Ramform Tethys
 PORT OF SPAIN PROTOCOL
During the first government of Rafael Caldera, this
1962 protocol was signed, it was a political decision, since
Venezuela was threatened both from the west by the
Republic of Colombia, and from the east by the
Cooperative Republic of Guyana, so it was decided to
1966 freeze the negotiations. with Guyana for 12 years, to
stabilize border policy. During that period Venezuela did
not make any progress in recovering the disputed
1967 territory.

1970

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA
 END OF THE PORT OF SPAIN PROTOCOL
1981
Venezuela denounces the Port of Spain Protocol, officially
informing Guyana of its willingness not to renew it, it was
1982 a decision of President Luis Herrera Campins.

1983 Venezuela will not extend the

Port of Spain Protocol

1987

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA
 ARTICLE 33 OF THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED
NATIONS
1981 OPTIONS FOR « you NEGOTIATE
Since June 18, the application of the procedure established
in Article 4 of the Geneva Agreement comes into force,
M)
which led to the implementation ofÉithe zg means
x and
of dispute

1982 resolution contemplated in Article 33 of the United Nations

Venezuela proposes the n
Charter.
Guyana, but this
Yo , /
no direct negotiation with accepts
alternatives:
ESEQUIBO Ge Security and proposes three neral of the
IS FROM VENEZUELA
Assembly or Court In UN, International Council of
1983 Venezuela rejects these or Justice. ptions. On March 30,
the Secretary General of the the United Nations, Javier took
Pérez de Cuéllar, agreed to responsibility for the
seek the practical controversy.
1987 arrangement of

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA
 “GOOD OFFICES” METHOD
1981
Guyana and Venezuela decide to accept the “Good
Offices” method that has been operating since 1989 in
the person of a good officiant chosen and accepted by
1982 the parties.

Alister McIntyre (1989-1998 †)

1983 Oliver Jackman (1999-2007 †)
Norman Girvan (2010-2014 †)

1987

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA
TWENTIETH VENEZUELA DENOUNCES THE CONCESSIONS
CENTURY Guyana, unilaterally and without consultation, grants
concession blocks for oil exploration and exploitation in
Atlantic waters, off the coast of the territory in claim.

1996

1998 ExonMobil
1999

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA
 Ø7Ø AZIMUT LINE
1993 The Venezuelan Foreign Ministry issues the MRE letter
Ø1134. This establishes an azimuth line of Ø7Ø starting
from the beach point, which does not represent any type of

1996 delimitation but rather a security marking that avoided

diplomatic impasses, but which at the same time allows
attention to be provided to all sailors.

1998

1999

ESEQUIBO IS FROM VENEZUELA

 THE PRESIDENT OF GUYANA
1993 VISIT VENEZUELA
July 21-23, the president of the
Republic Cooperative of
1996 Guyana, Janet Jagan, visits
Venezuela and in her speech before
the National Congress in a joint
session she expressed herself in the

1998 following terms:

“We are committed to examining all
initiatives that contain the
possibility of a solution that
1999 be
satisfactory for the people of our
countries.”

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA
 GUYANA GRANTS
1993 OFFSHORE CONCESSIONS
March 30th. Official visit to Guyana of a Venezuelan
commission, made up of 15 members, with
1996 representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
National Congress and businessmen, and chaired by
Foreign Minister José Vicente Rangel.
June 14th. Guyana grants offshore concessions for the
1998
exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons to the
companies CGX ENERGY, EXXON, SHELL and
ANADARKO. On July 13, the Government of Venezuela

999 sends a note of protest.

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA
 XXI CENTURY
ROCKET LAUNCH BASE IN THE ESEQUIBO
Yo March, 19. The President of the Bolivarian Republic of

2000 Venezuela,
opposition
Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, expressed “The
of the government of Venezuela to the
installation of a rocket launch platform in the Essequibo
Territory”,
2001 April 1st . The President of Venezuela ratifies his
willingness to continue the dispute under the aegis of the
United Nations, within the context of Good Offices.
October 23. The president of the company Beal
2004 Aerospace Technologies Inc. reported the decision to
cease commercial operations with Guyana due to the
installation of a rocket launch base in the Reclamation
Zone.
2005

THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti

 XXI CENTURY
ATTEMPT TO RESUME THE PARIS AWARD
2000
July 4th. The President of Guyana, Bharrat
Jagdeo, requested support from Great

2001 Britain and the United States so that the

Paris Award of 1899 would be considered
as
complete and definitive.
August 16th. Colonel (EJB) Pompeyo
Torrealba Rivero founded Ciudad Puerto
2004 Esquivel on the banks of the Venamo River,
in front
to of
the Essequibo Territory as part of the
Strategic Plan called Pole of Integration and
Economic and Social Development (PIDES)
2005 No. 4.

THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti

 XXI CENTURY
STATE VISIT TO GUYANA
2000

2001

2004 February 19 and 20 . President Hugo Chávez Frías pays a

state visit to Guyana. There he proposes privileging
integration mechanisms and exchange mechanisms over
2005 territorial differences, always within the framework of the
Geneva Agreement.

THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti

 XXI CENTURY
GUYANA AND PETROCARIBE
2000

2001

2004

On September 6, Guyana joins the Petrocaribe Energy

2005 Agreement signed in Jamaica.

THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti

 XXI CENTURY
REQUEST FOR EXTENSION OF THE CONTINENTAL
SHELF OF GUYANA
2009 Before the UN Continental Shelf Extension Commission,
the extension of its jurisdiction beyond 200 nautical miles
(Mn) up to 350 Mn, violating the 1966 Geneva Agreement.
2012 Venezuela protested this request and it was not approved
by the UN.

2013

2014

THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti

XXI CENTURY

2009 OUTDOORS OF THE

XXI CENTURY
EXTENSION OF LIMITS
CONTINENTAL PLATFORM
Before the UN Continental Shelf Extension Commission,

2012 the extension of its jurisdiction beyond 200 nautical miles

(Mn) up to 350 Mn, violating the 1966 Geneva Agreement.
Venezuela protested this request and it was not approved

by the UN.
2013 ion
Economic
Excutivp . ZFE
(200N,
OCEAN
ANNUCO

VENEZUELA
Guoyono

2014 . Essequiba --------

THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti

 XXI CENTURY
STATE VISIT TO GUYANA
2009
September 3. The President of the
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela,
Nicolás Maduro Moros, makes an
2012 official visit to Guyana during
which he reiterates that the
territorial controversy is a legacy of
old colonialism.

2013 October 10th. Act of

sovereignty with interception

that of the investigation
2014 oceanographic RV Teknik
vessel Perdana, ventures into
when
jurisdictional waters of Venezuela.

THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti

 VENEZUELA COMPLAINTS EXXON
XXI CENTURY MOBIL
Venezuela demands that Guyana and Exxon Mobil stop
2015 their activities in the Stabroek Block and warns against
any illegality of operations in an area that is being
claimed.

2016

2017

2018
 XXI CENTURY
INTEGRAL DEFENSE OPERATIONAL AREA
MARITIME
2015
AND
INSULAR
2016 The president of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro, decrees the
creation of the Comprehensive Maritime and Island Defense
Operational Zone (ZODIMAIN) to protect the country's
2017 sovereignty in Essequibo.

2018

THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti

 XXI CENTURY
GUYANA UNILATERALLY GOES TO THE INTERNATIONAL
2015 COURT OF JUSTICE

2016

May 21th . The government of Guyana presents a

2017
lawsuit before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to
rule on the validity of the Paris Arbitration Award of
1899, which established the border between both

2018 countries.
June 18. The ICJ announces that it will declare itself
competent to hear the claim presented by Guyana.

THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti

 XXI CENTURY
THE ICJ AGREES TO PROCEED WITH
GUYANA'S DEMAND
2019 March 18th. The Secretary General
of the UN, António Guterres,
2020 announces that talks will resume
between Guyana and Venezuela to

seek a solution to the to the

territorial dispute.
2021
September 27th. declares CIJ
her competent stops
hear the claim presented by
2022 Guyana.

THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti

 XXI CENTURY
VENEZUELA REJECTS OIL TENDER ANNOUNCED BY
GUYANA
2023 September. Guyana received bids for eight of the 14 oil and
gas blocks it is offering for tender from 2022. Among the
companies that

aspire to explore new areas are the

American ExxonMobil and french
TotalEnergies. the
"The Government of Guyana not has rights
sovereigns over these areas maritime and
violating any action within its limits is
consequence international law, as long as it is not
of the are carried out through an agreement with
carried
Venezuela".

THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti

 RESOURCES IN THE Exxon Mobil Exploration
Stabrock Block Field
26,800 km2
ESSEQUIBO TERRITORY Punta
Playa

200 km
from the
Gold Barima-waini coast
. Blas Essequibo
West Demerara

Diamond Pomerool
supenad Demerara
Mahaica

Mica hydroelectric Malea

Berbice

Bauxite Cuyuni - Mazaruni

Surinam

Magnesiu Sheet Demerara

Berbice

m Essequibo River divides the

Guyana Essequiba

Potare - Siparuni

Uranium
Petroleu
m rasil

AltoTakutu-Alto
Essequibo
Berbice -
ocidental
Coretyne
THIS TERRITORY (@UB©) IS ©ti
 STRATEGIC OPERATION Ed C LVARIG
JUL#
QPERAC1UNAIES DEPLOYMENTS

OPERATION QTY OPERATIO QTY

IONAVE and
MPAGU OEl CATAT IDCACIOUE
N
GIVES
TRACKS
DESTROY LIZADAS
IMBO VAN CARAS CAVAURIMA ii GAVE

QUE MURACHI muí CACIQUE NAIGUATA GAVE TOTAL

MANAURE IQUE 13 NIQUITAD
12 BATTLE OEATALLA
ARAURE GAVE
TAVACARE IQUÍ 14 ARAZA D6 13
PARAMACAY IOUE 15 AUTANA
13
MARACAY IIQUE 16 RORAIMA
08 17 ' «ARA D2 78
02
PARIAGUA :IQUE 18 SOVEREIGN OIL
Y
PARAMACONI
OU

ONAL VEHICLES AIRCRAFT BOATS

FORCES AND MEANS USED BY THE FAND

UNUSED INFRASTRUCTURE
____________ STRUCTURES
TTNI t.
AN

ESEQUIBO IS FROM
VENEZUELA