Revision

Project History
Rev. Revision Date Created by ALBA POWER
Checked by STATION
Approved by 5 BLOCK 4
Brief Description
00 2022/05/31 KJP Gerardo Alvarez WGG
01
Owner 2022/06/13 KJP Gerardo Alvarez WGG Revised as per comments
02 2022/07/05 GYJ ALUMINIUM
Gerardo Alvarez BAHRAIN
WGG B.S.CRevised as per comments
Description current Revision
Approved
Cross checked
Consultant
Department Name Date
ESB INTERNATIONAL
Signature

HSE GYJ 2022/07/05

Replaces Derived From Document Code

Rev. 01 SEPCOIII 82902-999-8822-HS-HSEDOC-00001
Responsible Department Created By Checked By Approved By
HSE
Title, Subtitle
Consortium PS5 Block 4 Hazard Analysis andIssued
Risk Assessment Procedure
to Owner

Document Identification Number

PS5-B4-01-YDC-GGP-SEP-00038
Document Status
Originator APPROVED
Reference number
Document Type Rev. Date Lang Format Sheet
SPC 02 05-07-2022 English A4 1/19
Project - Area - Facility - Sub-Facility - Originator - Category -Type of Document - Sequential Number - Rev.

82902-999-8822-HS-HSEDOC-00001 Rev. 02

Functional Location Code: 01-01-022

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 2

2.0 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 2

3.0 References ........................................................................................................................... 2

4.0 Definitions............................................................................................................................. 3

5.0 Responsibilities .................................................................................................................... 4

6.0 Procedure ............................................................................................................................. 5

7.0 Attachments ....................................................................................................................... 15

Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Procedure PS5-B4-01-YDC-GGP-SEP-00038

1. Purpose

Risk assessment is an essential expectation of the Consortium HSE Management System. This document
provides guidelines to qualitatively assess the risks of potential hazards in ALBA PS5B4 Project.

The purpose of this procedure is to ensure that risks are assessed in a structured format and are reduced in a
practicable and cost-effective manner. This procedure will generate a risk register, which can be used as a
decision-making tool to assist in making timely and informed decisions about the acceptability of risk when
conducting activities in ALBA PS5B4 Project.

The risk-based approach is a decision-making tool that offers a mechanism to systematically understand the
risks associated with all construction and commissioning and related activities of ALBA PS5B4 Project,
conducted by the Consortium; and apply the required control measures.

This procedure will ensure that managers have an active plan for risk management and that processes are in
place to systematically assess and manage risk.

Recognizing and controlling risks associated with project’s activities is a basic management responsibility to
protect people, the environment, company reputation, assets, and business.

2. Scope

The Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment procedure applies to all construction, commissioning and related
activities conducted by the Consortium and/or its subcontractors, suppliers, vendors working in ALBA PS5B4
project, either for erection of temporary facilities, or the erection of the permanent facilities of ALBA PS5B4
project.

This procedure also applies to all warehousing activities involved in the management of the laydown from the
Consortium.

3. References

• Ministerial Order (8) of 2013 with respect to regulating occupational safety and health in
establishments.

• International Finance Corporation (IFC) General Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines

• ACOP-042A-Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control-Rev02 2012

• Practical Loss Control Leadership, Frank E. Bird, Jr., George L. Germain, DNV.

• Order No. 13 of 1977 The organisation of precautionary measures necessary for the protection of
workers from the hazards of grinding wheel operations

• Order No.15 of 1977 The organisation of precautionary measures necessary for the protection of
workers during work from the hazards of dangerous machinery1977

• Order No.25 of1977 The organisation of precautionary measures necessary for the protection of
workers in workplaces1977

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Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Procedure PS5-B4-01-YDC-GGP-SEP-00038

• Order No.26 of 1977 The organisation of precautionary measures necessary for the protection of the
eyes of workers from that hazards of work and machines1977

• Ministerial Order No. 25/1977 With Respect to the Determination and Organization of Services and
Precautionary Measures Vital to Protecting Eyes of Workers During Work From the Hazards of Work
and Machines1977

• Order No.31 of 1977 Provision of the protection of workers from the hazards of highly flammable liquids
and liquefied petroleum gases1977

• Order No.32 of 1977 Provision of the protection of workers from the hazards of steam boilers, steam
containers and air receivers1977

• Ministerial Order No. 28 of 2014 Concerning Determination and Regulation of Necessary Services and
Precautions for the Protection of Workers from the Hazards of Steam Boilers, Steam Containers and
Air Receivers.

• Order No.12 of 2005 With respect to protection for workers during work from hazards of fire in
establishments
• Ministerial Order No. 9 of 2014 protecting workers from natural (physical) hazards.

• Ministerial Order No. 4 of 2014 on Determining and Regulating the Services and Precautions for
Protecting the Workers from the Hazards of Construction, Building and Civil Engineering Works.

• Ministerial Order No. 31 of 2013 protecting workers from electrical hazards.

• Ministerial Order No. 6 of 2013 Protecting Workers While on Duty from the Hazards of Fire.

• Ministerial Order No. 15 of 2014 with Respect to Determining and Regulating the Necessary Services
and Precautions for the Protecting of Workers During Work from the Hazards of Highly Flammable
Liquids, Gas and Chemical Substances

• Ministerial Order No. 38 of 2014 With Respect to Determine and Regulate Necessary Services and
Precautions for the Protection of Workers from Mechanical Hazards in the Workplace

• Ministerial Order No. 33/1977 with Respect to Determining and Regulating the Necessary Services
and Precautions for the Protection of Workers During Work From the Hazards of Electricity

4. Definitions

Hazard: A physical or chemical condition that has the potential for causing harm to people, property or the
environment. Something with the potential to cause harm or damage to environment or cause adverse health
effect on a person(s).

Risk: A measure of human injury, environmental damage or economic loss in terms of both the incident
likelihood and the magnitude of the loss or injury. A simplified version of this relationship expresses the risk as
the product of the likelihood and consequences.

Risk assessment: Technique for evaluating the likelihood that an incident will occur and the likely
consequences if it were to occur. The objective of risk management is the reduction of the level of risk “as far
as reasonably practicable”. It uses descriptive scales or ranking schemes (e.g., high/medium/low) to define
the magnitude of potential consequences and the likelihood that those consequences will occur. Qualitative
assessment is generally used for an initial screening to identify risks that require more detailed analysis, where
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the level of risk does not justify the time and effort required for a fuller analysis, or where numerical data are
inadequate for a quantitative analysis.

Risk Register: A decision-making tool to assist in making timely and informed decision about the acceptability
of risk for facilities, equipment and/or activities.

As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP): Risk is tolerable only if the benefits of further risk reduction
measures are grossly disproportionate to the cost of implementing the risk reduction measure.

5. Responsibilities

5.1. Project Director

• Allocate resources to ensure that hazard identification and risk assessments are conducted in ALBA
PS5B4 Project for all construction and commissioning activities. This includes the activities for the
erection and conditioning of temporary facilities related to the project.

5.2. Vice Project Manager

• Assign qualified personnel to participate in hazard identification and risk assessment development.
• Ensures that measures to control risk are addressed for all construction and commissioning
activities in the project.

5.3. Project Construction Manager

• Ensures that Method Statements and Risk Assessments for all construction activities are developed,
implemented and updated as required.
• Coordinate with the Project HSE department prior to start of any subcontracted work that all safety
measures are agreed and established.
• Visibly demonstrate a commitment to HSE through implementation of adopting the Risk Assessment
Management into the construction safety standards.
• Ensures that Baseline Risk Assessment Register for the construction activities is updated as needed.
• Emphasize the commitment of all Frontline Engineers and Supervisors to integrate Risk Assessment
as part of their work assignments.

5.4. Project Commissioning Manager

• Ensures that Method Statements and Risk Assessments for all commissioning activities are
developed, implemented and updated as required.
• Coordinate with the Project HSE department prior to start of any commissioning work that all safety
measures are agreed and established.
• Visibly demonstrate a commitment to HSE through implementation of adopting the Risk Assessment
Management into the commissioning safety standards.
• Ensures that Baseline Risk Assessment Register for the commissioning activities is updated as
needed.
• Emphasize the commitment of all Frontline Engineers and Supervisors to integrate Risk Assessment
as part of their work assignments.

5.5. Construction Departments Managers (Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, I&C)

• Reviews and approves the corresponding Method Statements and Risk Assessments for all the
project activities assigned to their department.
• Ensures that Method Statements and Risk Assessments are part of every Permit to Work package
for the project activities.
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• Ensures that Method Statements are followed, and Risk Assessments control measures are
implemented for all project activities under their responsibility.
• Requests the teams under his/her responsibility feedback about the adequacy of Method
Statements and Risk Assessments as part of the continual improvement cycle of the documents.
• Ensure that this procedure is fully implemented in their area(s)/activities of responsibility and to
consult with workers as part of undertaking the hazard identification, risk assessment and control
process.

5.6. Permit to Work Receiving Authorities.

• Develop risk assessment for all their activities related to ALBA PS5B4 Project in line with the
Baseline Risk Register.
• Ensures that Risk Assessments cover all steps within the scope on the Method Statement used to
conduct their activities.
• Ensure that risk reduction measures are in place to address high risk activities.
• Participate in the Risk Assessment Training sessions.
• Communicate identified hazards, associated risks and control measures to his/her work team.

5.7. Permit to Work Issuing Authorities

• Ensures that Risk Assessments are part of the Permit to Work Packages.
• Verifies that Risk Assessments control measures are implemented onsite as per the step-by-step of
the Method Statement of the activity.
• Participate in the Risk Assessment Training sessions.

5.8. HSE Manager

• Develops, updates and communicates the Baseline Risk Assessment of the project across the
Consortium management.
• Review risk assessment results and approve the risk control measures.
• Review high and medium risk and endorse associated risk reduction measures.
• Coordinate risk assessment training and provide the necessary level of competence for risk
assessment to Consortium employees.
• Review and promptly report high risk scenarios and the findings to Consortium Management so
that a decision can be made regarding appropriate actions.
• Communicate identified hazards and associated risks to management.
• Ensure competency and training across project employees with regard to the development and
understanding of the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment.
• Advise project on legislative requirements

5.9. HSE Advisor

• Verifies that Method Statements and Risk Assessments are thoroughly implemented during the
execution of the construction and commissioning activities.
• Back-feeds Construction and HSE management on the effectiveness and applicability of control
measures derived from Risk Assessments
• Verifies that Method Statements and Risk Assessments are part of the Permit to Work packages.

5.10. Subcontractor Line Manager

• Reviews and submits for approval to Consortium the corresponding Method Statements and Risk
Assessments for all the project activities assigned to their companies.
• Ensures that Method Statements and Risk Assessments are part of every Permit to Work package
for the project activities.
• Ensures that Method Statements are followed, and Risk Assessments control measures are
implemented for all project activities under their responsibility.
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• Requests the teams under his/her responsibility feedback about the adequacy of Method
Statements and Risk Assessments as part of the continual improvement cycle of the documents.
• Ensure that this procedure is fully implemented in their area(s)/activities of responsibility and to
consult with workers as part of undertaking the hazard identification, risk assessment and control
process.

5.11. Subcontractor Supervisor/Foreman

• Develop the corresponding Method Statements and Risk Assessments for all the project activities
assigned to their company.
• Prepares Permit to Work Packages by including Method Statements and Risk Assessments for the
project activities.
• Implement that Method Statements and Risk Assessments control measures for all project activities
under their responsibility.
• Monitor overall effectiveness of the risk assessment implementation at the site.
• Communicates to his/her team the results of the Risk Assessments and their controls.
• Requests the teams under his/her responsibility feedback about the adequacy of Method
Statements and Risk Assessments as part of the continual improvement cycle of the documents.
• Liaise with HSE engineer for the development of Risk Assessments of their activities and ensure its
implementation during the execution of the construction works.
• Ensure that subordinates are aware of HSE hazards and the measures to control risks involved in
their respective work tasks through training and work experiences.

5.12. Subcontractor HSE Manager/ Engineer/Supervisor

• Monitor and administer a proactive project HSE activities program so as to provide assistance in
recognizing, evaluating, and subsequently eliminating or controlling hazardous acts or conditions.
• Working in conjunction with his site manager, construction supervisors/foremen to assist in the
implementation of the HSE requirements listed in the Method Statements and Risk Assessments as
per the scope of work.

5.13. All Employees working under a Permit To Work

• Participate in risk assessments development when assigned.
• Participate in Risk Assessment Training sessions as per their job description.
• Liaise with the Permit to Work Receiving Authority to implement the measures to control risk.
• Proactively participate in the identification of new hazards or uncontrolled risks and report it to the
Receiving Authority.
• Understand the responsibility and the right to stop any unsafe activity where uncontrolled risks are
present.
• It is the responsibility of workers to cooperate and comply with this policy. This includes providing
effective and constructive information and feedback to aid the risk management process.
• Identify and report HSE hazards, risks and incidents to HSE or his immediate supervisor.
• Suggest improvements to method statements and risk assessments.

6. Procedure

6.1. Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment

The aim of the hazard analysis and risk assessment is to identify the hazards and assess the risks associated
with our activities and take appropriate action to manage the risks and hence prevent or reduce the impact of
potential incidents. The Consortium will establish the proper steps to formally identify and understand hazards
and assess the HSSE & SR risks involved in the construction (including those for the erection of temporary

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Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Procedure PS5-B4-01-YDC-GGP-SEP-00038

facilities) and commissioning activities throughout the life of the ALBA PS5B4 Project. These will be managed
until they are eliminated, reduced or controlled to the point of being acceptable.

6.1.1. Hazard identification

The Consortium shall identify and control the hazards associated with the works to be performed. Hazard
Identification shall be completed as part of the process to develop the Risk Assessments associated to the
Method Statements of the project activities. All employees shall be trained in basic hazard identification
techniques and empowered to notify supervision of the existence of any hazards in the workplace. The
Consortium shall employ engineering, administrative and personal protective measures to eliminate and/or
control workplace hazards. Supervisors shall be responsible for the continuous monitoring of work operations
and individual employee activities. Supervisors shall be empowered to ensure safety compliance and to
implement corrective actions when required.

Hazard Identification is defined as a process used to evaluate the sources of hazards, identify existing or
potential hazards associated with the source, and develop specific measures to eliminate or control the hazard.

A Hazard Identification should be performed for work locations, systems, site equipment and tasks with
significant risk exposure.

The following factors can be used for guidance when selecting work locations and tasks to be assessed:
• If a Hazard Identification has not been done before.
• When unsafe acts and/or unsafe conditions have been identified
• Where new information about a risk becomes available or concerns about a risk are raised by workers
• When a change to the workplace may introduce or change an already identified hazard. Changes can
be considered for example, in work equipment, work practices, procedures and/or the environment,
introduction of new equipment and/or chemical substances, introduction of new employees, among
others.
• As part of responding to a workplace incident, even where an injury has not occurred.
• When a work location or work that has repeatedly produced accidents or illnesses is a candidate for a
Hazard Identification. The greater number of accidents associated with a given location or task, the
higher its priority for a Hazard Identification.
• When Some work locations and/or works may not have a history of accidents but may have the
potential for severe or catastrophic injury or equipment damage. Such work locations and tasks should
be given appropriate consideration for performing a deep Hazard Identification.
• At regularly scheduled times appropriate to the workplace

The Hazard Identification is not only driven by the work to be performed on site, but also by the inherit sources
of conditions at any given facility. As such, each task, as well as the work locations and equipment at the
facility must be evaluated and hazard identification shall be performed as necessary.

Hazards can be divided into several groups as per the table No. 1

All employees and/or teams leading the development of Risk Assessments shall use this table as reference in
order to identify easily the hazards involved in tasks and/or specific workplaces and equipment.

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Table No. 1 – Hazard Groups / Significant Risk Tables

Hazard Group:(1) Ignition Sources Y/N Hazard Group:(3) Materials & Y/N Hazard Group:(4) Working Y/N
Substances Environment
Naked Flame Hydrocarbon Release (Breaking Containment) Tripping Hazards

Explosives Hazardous Substances Slipping Hazards

Mechanical Spark Toxic Gas/Fumes Life Threatening Atmosphere (Confined Space)
Electrical Spark Smoke High-pressure Jet
Electrical Arc Welding Dust & Waterborne Particles Sharp/Abrasive Object
Grit Blasting Radioactive Source Projectiles
Pyrophoric Scale Low Specific Activity (LSA) Scale/Naturally Unguarded Opening
Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) (or Other
Radioactive Material)
Flammable Materials Heavy Lift

Hazard Group:(2) Electrical Energy Y/N Asbestos Heavy or Awkward Object

Extra Low Voltage (ELV) CAF Gaskets (Minor Asbestos Work) Working at Height

Low Voltage (LV) Mineral Fiber Over side Work

Stored Electrical Charge Biological Agents Noise

High Voltage (HV) Lubricating Oil Poor Visibility

Electromagnetic Radiation Toxic Chemicals Trapping Hazard

Electrical Isolation Paint Vibration

Static Electricity COSHH Assessment Breach of Area/Zone Classification

Contamination Severe/Adverse Weather

Dropped Objects

Excavation Collapse

Overhead Power Lines

Hidden Underground Services

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 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Procedure PS5-B4-01-YDC-GGP-SEP-00038

Table No. 1 – Hazard Groups / Significant Risk Tables

Hazard Group:(4) Working Y/N Hazard Group:(6) Safety System Y/N Hazard Group:(7) Diving & Well Y/N
Environment Impairment Operations
Awkward Access / Egress Reduction of Fire & Gas Detection Facilities Diving Operations
Oxygen Loss of Emergency Shutdown Facilities
Temporaries/Hose Lines Loss of Blow down or Relief Systems
Stacked Storage Loss of Active Fire Protection
Visual Display Unit Loss of Passive Fire Protection
SIMOPS Loss of Explosion Mitigation
Weather Loss of Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Miscellaneous Y/N
(HVAC) in Non-hazardous Modules

Hazard Group:(5) Equipment Y/N Loss of Emergency Power/Lighting Inexperienced Personnel

Hazards
Low Power Lasers Reduction in Safety of Temporary Refuge (TR) Lighting
Pressurized Hose Failure Impairment of Escape Arrangements Environmental Effects - Waste
Pressurized Gas Cylinder Failure Loss of Major Equipment Control CFCs
Pressurized Vessel or System Failure Failure of Communications
Transport Vehicles Loss of Drains & Vents
Lifting Equipment Failure Loss of Stability
Rotating Machinery Primary Structural Damage
Stored Mechanical Energy Secondary Structural Damage
Failure of Small-Bore Pipework Evacuation Impairment
Static Discharge to Electronic Equipment
Welding/Cutting
Portable Equipment
Production Shutdown
Process Isolation
Pressure/Leak Testing
Damage to Equipment
Damage to Tubing

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Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Procedure PS5-B4-01-YDC-GGP-SEP-00038

6.1.2. Risk Assessment and Determining controls

Risk assessment is a technique for evaluating the likelihood that an incident will occur, and the probable
consequences if it were to occur. Likelihood refers to the probability or chance that an incident will occur while
consequence refers to the outcome of an incident in terms of injury, loss, damage or harm.

The aim of risk assessment is to establish the level of risk to enable the evaluation or judging of the
acceptability of the level of risk. The objective of risk management is the reduction of the (level) of risk “as far
as reasonably practicable” – to an acceptable level.

Hazards are things with the potential to cause injury, loss, damage or harm and are inherent to equipment,
material, activities/tasks and processes. Equipment, material, activities/tasks and processes are therefore
examined in detail through risk assessment, to identify:

• how they could cause injury, loss, damage or harm (incident);

• what the resulting injury, loss, damage or harm would be (consequence);
• how bad the injury, loss, damage or harm would be (severity); and
• the probability/chance, with existing controls taken into account, that the injury, loss, damage or harm
will occur (likelihood).

Risk assessment provides a means for discovering and evaluating hazards to identify the hazards that must
be controlled. Hazards can be controlled in two ways, namely:

• Limiting the chance (likelihood) of an incident occurring through preventive measures such as training,
machine guarding, etc.; and
• Limiting/controlling the consequences of an incident if it does occur, using fire extinguishers, first aid
treatment, etc.

Risk is a combination of the abovementioned two factors. Risk is determined by combining the likelihood of an
incident occurring and the severity of the consequence of an incident if it were to occur. This combination can
be achieved by using the Risk Matrix (See Table 2) and the Risk Rating (See Table 3). The level of risk will be
determined where the level of likelihood and the level of severity cross and meet within the risk matrix.

For example, if the likelihood of a person to fall from a scaffold is “Likely” and the severity of the fall is “Major”
due to the height of the scaffold, the crossing point from both likelihood and severity, in the matrix (See Table
2), determines that the Level of Risk is “E”. By using the Table 3 – Risk Rating and its meaning, the letter “E”
represents an “Extreme Risk” and immediate action is required to control such risk.

Although the resulting risk is a subjective estimation, it gives an indication of the risk level on which an
evaluation or judgement of the acceptability of the risk can be based. Such a judgement is made during a
structured risk assessment session by an informed group that includes persons actually exposed to the
hazards, the HSE Advisors and the Supervisors in charge of the activity. Other members of the project team
may participate, depending on the complexity of the activity to be assessed, multiple factors to be assessed
and/or feedback from specialized staff required to be involved.

The risk value also allows for the prioritization of unacceptably moderate, high and extreme risks so that
attention can immediately be focused on critical/unacceptable risks, so that immediate and imminent danger
can be treated first to prevent critical incidents from occurring.

The next level of risk is treated once the critical risks have all been dealt with. This phased approach ensures
that risks are controlled and/or eliminated methodically, according to their criticality.

In order to achieve the best outcome from this process, the risk assessment program consists of the following
actions:

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• The identification of all hazards to which persons may be exposed to health and safety hazard or that
may harm the environment;
• The analysis of the risk related to the identified hazards;
• Documenting a plan to mitigate, reduce or control the identified hazards and risks; and
• Developing a plan to monitor and review compliance to the risk-reduction measures.

Risk Assessments shall be carried out using a 5-step process as detailed below.

Step 1
Identify
Hazards
Step 5
Monitor & Step 2
Review.
Assess Risks
Manage
Change

Step 4 Step 3
Implement Determine
Controls Controls

Figure 1 – Risk Assessment Steps

Risk management plan or risk control measures are applied step by step, and in the sequence of the hierarchy
of risk control (ERICPD):

1. Elimination – modifying a design to eliminate the hazard, e.g., terminate the use of a substance, terminate
an activity, etc.;
2. Reduce – reduce the use or frequency or substitute for a less hazardous material or reduce the system
energy (e.g., lower the force, amperage, pressure and temperature); or change the physical form (e.g.,
dust to pellets).
3. Isolation – isolate the source of the hazard from personnel as far as possible, for example by limiting
personnel access, installing a partition or enclosure, or automating processes;
4. Controls – implement engineering or administrative controls (e.g., installing ventilation systems, machine
guarding, interlocks, sound enclosures, implement procedure, implement working shifts, equipment
inspections, training, safety signs posting);
5. Personal protective equipment (PPE) – a physical barrier safety glasses, hearing protection, face shields,
safety harnesses, respirators and gloves.
6. Discipline – follow rules, obey signs and instructions, improve safety behavior.

All risk exposures are examined and measures that would effectively control the potential risks are identified
in the order prescribed by the hierarchy of risk control. Existing and planned control measures are considered,
but additional controls are introduced, and existing or planned controls are improved if it is suspected that they
would not control the risk effectively.

Existing and planned controls are evaluated according to the following:

• What more can be done to reduce the likelihood of the consequence occurring?
• What can be done to limit the severity of the consequence?

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Measures that would simultaneously control likelihood and severity are considered first, then measures that
would control the higher of likelihood and severity, and lastly measures to control the lower of the two.

The following prompts are considered in the identification of control measures:

• Is it possible to eliminate the equipment/material/process/activity completely?
• Is there a safer alternative?
• Is there a way to prevent the incident from occurring entirely?
• Is there a way to reduce the risk mechanically or with additional hardware?
• Is there a way to draw attention to the risk or raise awareness of the risk or instruct workers on how to
work safely?
• Is there PPE that can reduce the severity of the consequence?
• What more can be done to reduce the likelihood of the incident happening?
• What more can be done to limit the severity of the consequences of the incident?

Risk control measures are implemented according to risk rating, with the “Extreme” rating being treated
immediately, followed by the next level, and so on. Risk exposures with a high likelihood of occurrence and
possibly severe consequences are treated without delay. The next group of risks is treated once the critical
risks have been treated and are under control. Extreme and High risks must be treated immediately and
Moderate risks as soon as possible thereafter. Low risks do not require any specific treatment, but continuous
implementation of existing routine procedures must be assured as well as the monitoring of existing controls,
where applicable, must continue.

Control(s) for any hazard may fall under but not limited to the following categories:
1. Isolation
2. Engineering Controls
3. Containment
4. Ventilation
5. Reduction of or Prevention from Exposure
6. Administrative Controls (procedures, training, inspections, etc.)
7. Scheduling of workers to reduce exposure
8. Wearing of Personal Protective Equipment

6.1.3. Qualitative risk ranking

Risk analysis is a vital part of HSE management in the undertaking of EPC projects. Risk Assessment is all
about managing risks. Projects come with inherent risk but managing that risk is what is important. Risk
management allows management to plan ahead, not necessarily to avoid the risk, but to be as prepared as
possible should the risk become a concern and/or an incident. In the HSE Management System, this could
mean the difference between an accident happening or not. Qualitative techniques are important risk analysis
tools and help develop a comprehensive risk management plan.

Qualitative risk analysis is a descriptive measure and relies upon the judgement skills of project managers,
engineers, HSE specialists and/or staff designated to conduct Risk Assessments, to determine the impact and
probability of risk, in this case, HSE risks. In many good risk analyses relating to safety, there is a mix of
qualitative and quantitative analysis that works together to produce a fairly comprehensive risk analysis. A
good basic rule of thumb, that should always be remembered, is that qualitative analysis comes before
quantitative because it forms the foundation for the more data analytical approach.

Qualitative risk analysis has a few advantages. It can be done quite quickly compared to quantitative analysis
and so allows for more nimble and responsive decision making. In addition, risks can also be categorized by
timing which helps decision-making. As Qualitative Risk Analysis is dependent on the judgment and
experience of the person and/or team who performs it, it is highly required that management designates staff
with advance experience in the activity whose Risk Assessment will be carried out for. For that purpose, the

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approval of Method Statements and Risk Assessments shall follow a thorough approval process in which staff
from both Contractor, Subcontractor as well as ALBA and the Consultant ESBI will be involved.

The Qualitative Risk Ranking process that will be used for the development of the Risk Assessments in ALBA
Power Station 5, Block 4 Project will be based on the following steps:

1. Scope of the risk assessment

2. Identify the equipment, materials, activities/tasks and processes included in the scope
3. Identify the incidents that could conceivably occur
4. Identify the likely consequences of the incident, i.e. injury, damage, environmental impact such as
soil pollution, etc.
5. Estimate the likelihood of the incident occurring.
6. Estimate the severity of the incident’s consequences.
7. Determine the risk ranking.
8. Identify and implement risk control measures.
9. Compile a risk control action plan.
10. Monitor and review risk assessments and control measures.
11. Communicate risk assessment results and risk control information.

For the steps 4, 5, 6 and 7, the assessing staff/team will meet to perform the qualitative risk ranking.

Hazards will be identified and assessed with the existing control measures in place.

Using the table No.4 and 5, each identified hazard requires to be assessed in terms of its potential Severity
and Likelihood.

The risk level can then be determined by identifying the letter in the crossing point between the Severity and
the Likelihood in the Risk Matrix (See Table 2). The 4 rankings of risks are determined by the letters “L”, “M”,
“H” and “E” (See Table 3 for meaning of each letter).

Where a risk is Moderate, High or Extreme, then additional control measures to reduce the risk will be
required.

Following each hazard initial risk assessment (Direct hazards inherent to the process or equipment) and with
all additional control measures applied, the risks shall be reassessed for all moderate, high and extreme-risk
hazards – this is the residual risk (Indirect hazards inherent to the process or equipment). The risk assessment
process should be completed until all the residual risk factors are classified as low as reasonably practicable
(ALARP). All risk and residual risk will be communicated to employees and to all affected entities of the activity
being undertaken. The risk register should be produced and should then be signed and dated.

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Risk Matrix
Catastrophic
H E E E E
Major
H H E E E

Severity
Moderate
M M H H E
Minor
L L M M M
Insignificant
L L L L L

Almost
Rare Unlikely Moderate Likely
Certain
Likelihood
Table No. 2 – Risk Matrix

Risk Ranking Level of Risk

L Low Risk; manage by routine procedures

M Moderate Risk; management responsibility should be specified

H High Risk; senior management attention needed

E Extreme Risk; immediate action required

Table No. 3 – Risk Rating and its meaning

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Likelihood
Almost Certain Expected to occur in most circumstances
Likely Will probably occur in most circumstances
Moderate Might occur occasionally
Unlikely Could happen some time
Rare May happen only in exceptional circumstances
Table No. 4 – Likelihood Categories

Severity

Level People Environment Asset Reputation

Causing multiple fatalities. Massive effect/damage to a large area, Loss or damage is such that it causes International impact
Catastrophic serious/long-term business disruptions.
irreversible in medium term
Causing single fatality Major effect - Severe damage to local Loss/Damage with temporary disruptions
Major environment in the business.
National impact

Causing serious injury and/or

Loss/Damage with minor operational
Moderate permanent disability to an Serious effect in the project
impact in the project.
Project impact
employee.
Causing injuries with offsite Loss/damage with operational
Minor required treatment Impact on localized area interruptions of localized areas in the Project impact
project.

Insignificant Minor injury and/or First Aid Negligible impact to environment. Minor damages or losses Slight impact
Table No. 5 – Severity (Consequences) Categories

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6.1.4. General risk assessment and risk control

6.1.4.1. Responsibility and Authority

Prior to commencement of work, the project construction management and HSE team shall, in conjunction
with engineering staff, identify all significant hazards associated with the project set up and construction phase.
A project construction risk assessment shall be developed for the project using recommended format (see
sample in Attachment 5, HSE Management Plan PS5-B4-01-YDC-GGP-SEP-00002).

The hazard identification and risk assessment process shall be in line with the requirements listed above and
in the Method Statement section 7.3 – HSE Management Plan PS5-B4-01-YDC-GGP-SEP-00002.

Any activity at site must have a method statement accompanied by the risk assessment of that activity. The
Consortium’s HSE manager shall be responsible to review the safety methods to be adopted to mitigate the
risks identified.

Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment will be implemented throughout all the phases of the ALBA PS5B4
Project.

All Method Statements have to be reviewed and approved by ALBA/ESBI team prior to the commencement of
work.

6.1.4.2. Submission of risk assessment by Subcontractors

Prior to commencement of work, Subcontractor HSE manager shall submit the risk assessment to the
contractor for review.

Subcontractor must submit the risk assessment to the contractor according to the progress every year.

Subcontractor shall submit reviewed risk assessments when there is a change in previously approved activities,
change in law, change in best practice or when a serious incident has occurred, and for high potential near
miss incidents (HIPO). Proactively risk assessments will also require updating if the number of minor near miss
incidents are high and trends have been identified.

6.1.4.3. Baseline Risk Assessment

A Baseline Risk Assessment shall be developed by the Consortium and its subcontractors as per the scope
of activities in ALBA Power Station 5, Block 4 Project (See Appendix 5 – HSE Management Plan PS5-B4-01-
YDC-GGP-SEP-00002). This Baseline document shall be a compilation of the initial risk assessments of the
activities to be carried out by the Consortium and its subcontractors. This document represents the
commitment of the companies to identify potential hazards and control measures to mitigate these hazards
associated with tasks/activities related to the contracted work. This baseline document is the first level of risks
management to be performed before mobilization to the site, to state a general overview of activities,
associated risks and measures to eliminate or reduce them to ALARP levels. The baseline risk assessment
will be updated accordingly as per the specific requirements from ALBA/ESBI, where required.

6.1.4.4. Risk Control

Method Statements and Risk Assessments shall be part of the packages that conform the Permit To Work
System in the project. The Consortium shall implement the philosophy that each activity requires the issuance
of a Work Permit. The Permit to Work system is described in the construction Permit to Work procedure (PS5-
B4-01-YDC-GGP-SEP-00003).

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The Permit To Work System shall be the main safety tool to control the risks at site. The Permit To Work
System requires that:

• All work packages include a Method Statement and Risk Assessment as mandatory attachments.
• All employees shall be trained and be refreshed through Toolbox talks and formal training sessions
about the specific HSE controls required in their activities to carry them out safely.
• Engineers, Supervisors and Foremen are responsible to review on a daily basis the Method
Statements and Risk Assessments of the activities at site in order to verify that controls are
implemented by the teams.
• Managers are responsible to ensure that their teams are given all the resources to control risk
effectively during their activities.
• HSE Teams are responsible to conduct PTW Audits periodically in order to verify that HSE controls
are implemented to ensure the activities are carried out safely.
• All employees have the responsibility and the right to stop any activity which does not comply with the
required control of risks, and to inform their supervisors and/or the HSE team about such conditions
in order to ensure that activities are corrected as needed.

6.1.5. High risk and hazardous works

The Consortium has identified throughout its past projects’ experience and background, several High-Risk
Activities which require special attention from Management. Project’s Risk register will be developed and
maintained outlining all high-risk activities. Among the activities that have been categorized as High Risk are
but not limited to the following (this is a non-exhaustive list):

• Work at height and Scaffolding

• Lifting operations
• Hot Works (including welding and cutting)
• Mobile work equipment
• Energy isolation
• Radiography
• Confined Spaces
• Electrical work
• Excavations
• Chemical Hazardous materials
• Driving
• Pre-Commissioning Activities
• Commissioning Activities

Also, risk assessment will include the evaluation of the hazards and risks related to the nature of the site (e.g.;
slips, trips, falls, noise) as well as the weather conditions (e.g.; heat, humidity) and special conditions of the
activity (working alone, driving).

The Consortium’s Management shall always highlight the importance of the compliance of the Risk
Assessment and Control Implementation for all the activities carried out in the site. However, special attention
shall be required for those High-Risk Activities. In addition, all personnel on site shall comply with the High-
Risk Universal Requirements:

• Risk assessment - Work must not be conducted without a valid Risk Assessment backed up by a
Safe Plan of Action/Method Statement and required controls shall be in placed at all times during the
performance of the activities.
• Competency - All personnel must be trained and competent for the work to which they are assigned.
• Emergency preparedness - Suitable emergency response plans must be in place before work
commences.

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• Stop work authority - If anyone has any questions or concerns about performing the work in a safe
manner, they should stop work and raise those concerns immediately.
• Personal Protective Equipment - PPE must only be considered as a last line of defense. All other
controls (engineering, administrative) must be implemented before PPE can be used as a control.
(PPE) must be worn in accordance with the requirements identified in the Method Statement and Risk
Assessment.

6.1.6. Risk Assessment Review

Hazard identification and Risk Assessment is an on-going process. Therefore, regularly review the
effectiveness of risk assessments and control measures must take place. The following are scenarios that can
trigger the review of the Risk Assessments in ALBA PS5B4:
• In every submission of a Method Statement for a construction/commissioning activity.
• Mandatorily, every 4 months the Baseline Risk Assessment of the Project must be reviewed.
• Identification of HSE Key Performance Indicators trends showing low performance.
• When legislation have changed in the Kingdom of Bahrain that my affect the project.
• When uncontrolled hazards/risks non-conformances have been raised during internal or external
audits.
• When changes in the project or work area have introduced new hazards/risks or have changed the
ranking of the existing risks.
• When new tools and/or equipment have been introduced to the project affecting certain activities.
• When approved modifications to tools, equipment or facilities have been conducted.
• When hazards/risks in the surroundings of the project boundaries have changed.
• When hazardous chemicals have been introduced in the project site.
• When project procedures have been modified or new procedures introduced.
• When simultaneous operations are occurring
• When results of Environmental monitoring require to conduct revisions of the Risk Assessments.
• After occurrence of incidents, near misses and/or trends in unsafe acts/conditions show increments.
• When the transition between the construction and the commissioning stages occur.

Revisions of Risk Assessments are not limited to the above scenarios. Project and HSE Management shall
ensure that Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment process is embedded into the project activities so the
revision requirement is triggered automatically.

7. Attachment

Baseline Risk Assessment is found in the Appendix 5 – HSE Management Plan PS5-B4-01-YDC-GGP-SEP-
00002

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