Criminalistics

methodology in the
research place
The methodology is the series of systematized, orderly, broad
and rational steps, processes and procedures which will give us
the bases to gain a broad understanding of scientific knowledge.
During the field criminalistics investigation processes, we work
with five very specific steps. important which must be followed
chronologically, carefully following the appropriate technique for
each of them, these steps are:
- Protection of the scene of the events.
-Observation of the scene of the events.
-Fixing of clues.
-Packaging of indications.
-Providing evidence to the laboratory.
-chain of custody.
-confirmation in laboratory.
Different authors use this methodology as
an essential part in a criminal investigation
which is chronologically correct to a certain
point. Knowing these steps, they will be
explained in a simple way, revealing the
content of each
one of them and the reason for their
sequence.
Observation is any action that human beings carry out to detect
and assimilate a series of features of an investigated element,
this with the help of their senses as main instruments, therefore
the observation of the scene of the events will consist of
methodically observing each one of the spaces that make up
said place of the event, this technique will be carried out in a
broad manner with the purpose of identifying the space in which
work is going to be done.
In this case, we place the observation in first place compared to the sequential
order that was previously explained, since in order to be able to provide good
protection of the investigated place, it is necessary to first carry out the
observation of the space to be able to know the place in which it is going to be
carried out. work, since it is not possible to carry out protection without having
observed, this in many cases causes quite a few problems since by not providing
good protection, many important materials of evidentiary value are lost during a
process.
This point, as its name indicates, has the particularity of keeping a
wide and complete perimeter of the scene of the event protected,
this in order to prevent the signs that make up a place of the event
from being lost, altered or modified, since it is It is important to
clarify that evidence is vulnerable material that loses its evidentiary
value if it is manipulated incorrectly, which will put the entire
investigation at risk. This point is carried out by the first to arrive at
the scene of the accident, which in this case are the public security
forces (police) who carry out said action.
still hear
By observing the scene of the events and having identified the
signs that are associative with the fact under investigation, they are
fixed, which consists of providing technical evidence of the location,
characteristics, quantity, etc. of the traces, signs or vestiges found,
this using written, photographic, planimetry, video or molding
fixation techniques in order to have the elements to be able to prove
that the materials did not suffer modifications during the process, as
well as to be able to give greater security to the work of the expert
responsible for said fixation.
This technique has the peculiarity of keeping the evidence safe,
lifting them using the techniques corresponding to the morphology
of the material found and packaging them in envelopes, tubes or
boxes depending on the material being treated and thus avoiding
any alteration or modification of it, to then be labeled with all their
provenance data. As an important note, the labels must always be
filled out first with the pertinent information before being attached to
the packaging support, since otherwise we can cause alterations
due to the pressure of the inscribing tool on the packaged
indication.
Once each of the previous four steps has been
completed, the final step is to transfer the
evidence to the different laboratories to be
analyzed and qualitatively and quantitatively
determine the composition and origin of the
evidence so that they become part of the
evidence in the process.