CULTURA Y CIVILIZACIÓN INGLESAS

PRACTICAL CLASSES

Teacher: Prof. Lucía Ongarini

CLASS 3
THE BEGINNINGS
Complete the time line:
• -THE ROMANS- THE NORMANS- THE ANGLO-SAXONS- THE CELTS – THE VIKINGS

FROM: Northern
France

TO:east, north and

FROM: Norway and
8 west coasts of Britain
Denmark.
and Ireland.

FROM: Germania(Germany, TO: Kent, the south coast, the

Poland, the Netherlands, east and the north Midlands.
Belgium, Denmark and the Many Celts were displaced
Czech Republic) westwards to Wales,Scotland and
Ireland.
FROM: Gaul (present-day
France, Belgium, the
Netherlands, Luxembourg TO: the southern half of
and parts of Switzerland, Britain.
Germany and Northern
Italy.)
TO: lowland areas of Britain.
FROM: central They drove many of the older
Europe or southern inhabitants WESTWARDS into
Russia. Wales, Scotland and Ireland.
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms

3 most powerful kingdoms by the end of the 7th c.:

Mercia, Northumbria and Wessex.

Most important kingdom by the end of the 9th c due to its

successful resistance to the Vikings: Wessex
CELTS? ROMANS? ANGLO-SAXONS? Place the
element in the right culture.
Advanced ploughing methods X 2
Ending –ing (folk or family), -ham(farm) and –ton (settlement) in place names.
Hill-forts.
Literacy.
Hadrian’s Wall.
Kingdoms.
Hybridity of religion.
Administrative areas called shires or counties.
Class system (King, lords, soldiers and workers).
Iron technology.
Relative gender equality in powerful positions.
Tribes.
The Latin word for camp, castra, remains in town names with the ending chester, caster
or cester.
Christianity.
Illiteracy .
The Witan or King’s Council.
Days of the week named after gods: Tig, Wodin, Thor, Frei.
 Sutton Hoo- Masterpieces of the British Museum” -
BBC Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZaK78BWeO0
• Where is Sutton Hoo? Find it on a map.
• What is the most remarkable object of the Sutton Hoo treasure? (up to 1:15)
• What triggered the excavation in the earthen mounds?
• When was the treasure discovered? Where was it? (Up to min. 3:30)
• Which objects were found? What do they suggest about their posible owner? (5-
5:39, 8-8:49) What is the symbolic value of the discovery? (6:15-6:30,13:00-13:15)
• Who was alleged to be the wearer of the helmet? (9:50-11:50)
• What does Bede (8th cent.)tell us about the political situation among the English
peoples (6th cent.)? (11 up to 11:50)
COUNTY OF SUFFOLK
REGION: EAST ANGLIA
The Sutton Hoo
burial mound

An accumulation of
earth and soil
beneath which the
dead were buried.
• What defined the monarchy in those centuries? 12:36 onwards.
• What does the helmet show about its connection with the rest of Europe?
(14-18:10)
• What is interesting about the genealogy the helmet establishes? (14-18:10)
• Explain the religious hybridity of Anglo-Saxon culture. (18:10-20:40) Why is
the helmet from York relevant?
• What happened during the war?(23:00)
• To what institution did Edith Pretty give the treasure?
• What did the Festival of Britain stand for?(24:00)
• What did the helmet represent in conventional English history, or
rather British history too? (24:30-25,28:00)
The Anglo-Saxons and the Danes up to 1066
927: unification of England the Kingdom of England
• Alfred the Great (848-899)
• Edgar (944-975) King of England
succeeded by King Edward (Edgar’s son, murdered in 978)
succeeded by his half-brother, Aethelred the Unready. Reign: 979-
1016.
-----------------------Viking raids--------------------------
1013: Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark, took London.
Aethelred and his family fled to Normandy as his wife, Emma, was the daughter of
the King of Normandy.
At Sweyn’s death in 1014, Aethelred returned and died 2 years later. Their sons,
Cnut and Edmund Ironside respectively, fought each other to a standstill.
Edmund died and Cnut became King (Therefore, A VIKING KING started to rule
England).
• 1035: Cnut’s death struggle between his two sons (of Viking ascent)

Early death Harold I Harthcnut

Aethelred’s two sons (Anglo-Saxon line) tried to return from Normandy:

Edward the Confessor Alfred

Increasing sway of the earl Godwin of Wessex and his sons as advisers of Cnut.
1942: Edward the Confessor returned from France yet without offspring.
He married Godwine’s daughter. Consequently, the Godwines aspired to the throne.

1066: Edward lay lying on his deathbed. Who would succeed him to the throne? He chose Harold
Godwinson (the son of the late earl of Wessex).
NORSE INVASION + ATTACKS BY THE WELSH AND THE SCOTS + NORMAN INVASION (William of
Normandy, the Duke of Normandy, claimed he had been promised the throne.)
At the Battle of Hastings, the WINNER is WILLIAM OF NORMANDY.
START OF THE NORMAN PERIOD: William becomes the King of England and keeps the title of
Duke of Normandy.