INTEGRATION FACTORS

Term Factor
APPLICATIONS (Newton's 2nd 1
xdy - ydx
law) x2 Formula
<• xdy - ydx and
Rectilinear Motion dv , ,
m — + bv = f dt
, xdy - ydx 1 J. x 2 = x
and 2
Proportional Growth dP = KP dt p xdy - ydx x
J.
xdy - ydx 1 and and
and
Torriceli's Law dh -Ae , xy
—
=---/ 2gh xdy - ydx
ídy__dx_ = }n y_ yyx x
dt Ace 1 d xdy - ydx and
2, 2 —,= arctan — - x + yx 2
x
Mixtures x+y
dQ = v (2. _ v (Qand^ dt e l v, ) ' I V ) xdy + ydx If n ^ 1 fxdy + ydx _ -1
1 J.
( xy ) n = ( n - 1)( xy y"" "
(Geometry) Pending ( xy ) n
If n = 1 f x » + ydx = ln( xy ) -
z d dy xy
the straight m= — xdx + ydy If n ^ 1
dx <• xdx + ydy _ -1
1 J
Circ. RL Series ( x + y ) ' 2( n - 1)( x 2 + y 2 )
2 2 n ( n

Ld + Ri = E dt (x +y ) "
2 2 n

RC Series Circuit If n = 1 x xdx + ydy 1,, ,,

Rdq + q = e
dt
i = dq
c dt
aydx + bxdy J 22= „In( x +
y) 2

J
x+y 2
.(a - 1)
- and
b - 1) jx (
a 1 y ( b P[ aydx + bxdy ] = x a y b
FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
HOMOGENEOUS ED EXACT ED FOR. GRAL FACT. INT.
For M ( x , y ) dx + N ( x , y ) dy = 0, if M ( x , y ) dx + N ( x , y ) dy M ( x , y ) dx + N ( x , y ) dy = 0
M( Ax , Ay ) = AnM ( x , y ) and =0 dM dM dN dN
c. DM dN My =----- Nx =----------
N( A x , A y ) = A n N ( x , y ), making u = y Yeah --= — dy dx -
x dy dx My
P ( jx P ) ( =xNx
j M ( x , y ) dx + j N ( x , =
F
So: e )
dx

dx + í _N(l,u) = y ) dy = C x and P(y)=

Nx −
My F=e
j P
(y dy

M M
du C
)

•x • M (1, u ) + u • N (1, u )
LINEAR ED BERNOULLI Substitution of Var.
If dy + Py = Q dx d. dyy n dy ,
í Pdx c, í Pdx
If — + Py = y y - n , If —— + P — + Q = 0 dx
n
Q Multiply by
dx
dx
ye^ = Q e J
dx + C •
substitute v = y n and------------dy =- d.v.
+ 1)
is factorable
(- ( ( ( - n + 1) and - „ . . yy
replace v = —
dx
Note: P and Q are functions exclusively of x
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FORM 1

Prepared: M. in C. Beatriz Vargas

Rosales
 RICATTI DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FORM
CAUCHY-EULER
If dy = P ( x ) + Q ( x ) y + R ( x ) y , substitute y — y^ + 1
dx v —xez z — In x
— — —(
xrD r
y—[D(D 1XD 2) ... ( D r

HOMOGENEOUS NTH ORDER

LINEAR FACTORS ( D + a )( IMAGINARY ROOTS MULTIPLE ROOTS (REPEATED
D + b )...( D + z ) y — —oy For ( AD + BD 2
— C ) and — 0 FACTOR)
c,e - ax + c,e bx + ... + c n e zx
Yes ( D + a ) "y —0 ">1
y — -1)) 12 cx3+ cx + ... n+ c„x "
e - ax ( c, + ( 2

D a ± /- b then D —
a ± bi y 2
—
NON-HOMOGENEOUS ED (CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS) Y —Y c +Y
NOUN VARIABLE PARAMETERS OVERLAP
( D + a )( D + b )...( D + z ) and
— Q Substitute:
Yc C i y, + 2 2 — Q C y
And p
W w, —
0 and 2 c TO
—
and 1 and 2

v ( D + b )...( D + z ) and Qy 2 ' Polynomial Ax n +Bx (n-1) +…+Z

Solve
and 0
— eu
(D+a)v
—Q W, — Ae u
Like Linear ED and 1 ' Q 2
Note : if e u is n times in Y c
Solve for v, return to the original WW , then Y p = x n e u
variable and solve the ED. or. ' L
1W
—— 2W
or,' --- xneu (Ax n +Bx (n-1) + …+Z)e u
u — J u ' dx u — J u ' dx senu or cosu Asenu+Bcosu
APPLICATIONS : CIRC. RLC SERIES SPRINGS
dq d q dq q
2
d x 2
dx
CIRC. MIXED BY TL Yo -- L— q + R — + q —E Fe — kx m - -+ b — + kx — F
dt dt dt c dt dt
VR —R•T[I] POWER SERIES
VL — L • ST [ i ] - L • i
(0)
V
C • T [ i ] + • V Yes
— 1
(0) SC
y —> Cx —C o + Cx + C x + ... 2
—> iC t x ( i 1) —C+2Cx+3Cx 2
+ ...
i—0 dx i—1
2

— — 2 i ( i — 1) Cx (
i 2 —2C 2 +3 •2Cx+4•3Cx 2
+ ...
dx Yo
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS (TL )
BASICS: T[C ] —C T [ tn — ]
" T
[ e a ] — —-— T [ sinwt ] —w
T [cos wt ] — S
2

Yes S ( " *) S-a S +w2 2

S +w2 2

TL PROPERTIEST [ t n
COMPOSITES: • 2

— —S • y (0)
e at ]

....................................._T [ dy ] ST [ y ] and (0) YO [ ] I[y]S and '(0)

—
2

T [ f ( t ) ± g ( t )] T [ f ( t )] ± T [ g ( t )] [ dx [ dx
T [ C • f ( t )] — C • T [ f ( t )] " ry^
— S T [ y ] — S ( I) • y (0) — S ( • y '(0) — S (
T

2) 3)
• y ''(0) — ... — y 1)(0) dx
" " " "
(
"
2

Prepared: M. in C. Beatriz Vargas

Rosales