Venezuelan scientists work

Agustín Aveledo: Born in Caracas on January 1, 1837, he was an engineer and educator. For
several years it was Aveledo's responsibility to carry out the hypsometry, meteorology and physics
part, determining that the height of the Naiguatá peak is 2,782 m.

José María Benítez: He was a doctor and botanist who promoted methods to prevent and combat
cholera epidemics. He was born in La Victoria on November 15, 1790 and died on October 24,
1855.

Jacinto Convit: He was a Venezuelan doctor and scientist, known for developing the leprosy
vaccine. He also received the Prince of Asturias Award for Scientific and Technical Research in
1987, and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1988. He died at 100 years old.

Heberto Cuenca Carruyo: He was a professor, scientific writer and doctor who was a precursor of
cardiology in Venezuela . He was born in Maracaibo on October 14, 1895 and died in Caracas on
January 27, 1938.

Gloria Teresa Mercader: She is a neurologist, specialized in high-resolution transmission electron

microscopy, and a Venezuelan researcher. He was a founding member of the Venezuelan Institute
of Scientific Research, IVIC. Gloria Mercader is also part of the Latin American Academy of
Sciences and the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World.

Alfredo Jahn: He was a Venezuelan engineer, ethnologist, ethnographer, naturalist and scientific
explorer. He studied military engineering in Germany and graduated from the Central University of
Venezuela . He participated in the construction of the Caracas-Valencia and Caracas-La Guaira
railways and in the trans-Andean highway in 1885 until 1925.

Manuel Núñez Tovar: He was the “first Venezuelan entomologist”, born in Caicara de Maturín,
Monagas state, on September 24, 1872, and died in Maracay, Aragua state, on January 27, 1928.

Jaime Piquero-Martín: Venezuelan dermatologist, recognized for his research on acne and
rosacea as well as for the publication of several books on the specialty and medical reports.

Janis Rácenis: He was an entomologist dedicated to the study of odonates from Venezuela and
Peru. He was born on April 10, 1915 in Caracas.

Agustín Aveledo ( Caracas , Venezuela , January 1 , 1837 –

July 5 , 1926 ) was a Venezuelan engineer and educator.
Biography
Son of Ramón Aveledo Díaz and Adelaida Tovar Gallegos.
He did his first studies under the guidance of teacher Pablo
Fontes and then studied at the El Salvador del Mundo schools
directed by Juan Vicente González and Roscio schools
directed by Juan José Aguerrevere. He graduated as an
engineer from the Academy of Mathematics in 1855 and with
a doctorate in philosophy in 1880, from the Central University
of Venezuela .
From the age of 22, Aveledo dedicated himself to teaching
and founded, in 1859, together with Ángel E. Ribas Baldwin
the Santa María school, where they taught as teachers,
among others: Elías Rodríguez , Juan Vicente González , Luis
Sanojo , Lino José Revenga , Rafael Seijas, Adolfo Ernst ,
Marco Antonio Saluzzo, José Martí and Luis Ezpelosín .
He was part of the editorial committee of the Scientific
Magazine (January-April 1862) and was a collaborator of the
magazine Vargasia , as well as the newspapers La Opinión
Nacional, El Tiempo and La Religión. The activities he carried
out at the Santa María school were accompanied by the
teaching staff at the School of Engineering (1861-1871), of
which he was also director in 1903, and with those he carried
out at the Society of Physical and Natural Sciences of
Caracas, which founded in 1868, together with Adolfo Ernst,
Arístides Rojas , Rafael Villavicencio , Gerónimo Eusebio
Blanco, Teófilo Rodríguez , Jesús Muñoz Tébar and others.
Within the Society of Physical and Natural Sciences, he
participated in excursions of scientific interest together with
Adolfo Ernst and Manuel Vicente Díaz to the Caracas saddle,
and in 1878, to the Naiguatá peak . In the latter, it was
Aveledo's responsibility to carry out the hypsometry,
meteorology and physics part, determining that the height of
the Naiguatá peak is 2,782 m.
In 1868 he participated, together with Francisco de P. Castro
Lucena, Diego Bautista Barrios, Elías Michelena, Gerónimo
Blanco, Ramón Feo, Arístides Rojas and Nicanor Rivero, in
the preparation of a bill on public education, provided for in
the educational reform program of then Minister Nicanor
Borges. On December 5, 1869, he was appointed Minister of
Development by General José Ruperto Monagas .
His internship at the ministry was brief, as he resigned in the
first days of January 1870 due to the serious wars that were
ravaging the country. He participated in the installation of the
College of Engineers of Venezuela , whose presidency he
held during the periods 1869-1881; 1888-1895; and 1899-
1922; and it was up to him in the meteorological laboratory
that operated in the aforementioned institution, together with
Alejandro Ibarra, to start in the country and keep records of
temperature, humidity and rainfall for several years. In 1878,
he was founder of the Caracas Orphan Asylum and president
of the Board of Public Instruction of the Federal District, which
he installed on March 21, 1893. A statue in his honor stands
in the square next to the church of Our Lady of Mercy in
Caracas.

J osé María Benítez was born in La Victoria, Edo. Aragua, November

15, 1790. Son of Francisco Javier Benítez and Rosa María de León.
He studied at the La Victoria parish school; at the Royal and
Pontifical University of Santa Rosa de Lima, graduating with a
bachelor's degree in arts (1808) and a master's degree in arts (1810);
and the degree in medicine from the protomedicato of Caracas
(October 1824).
He practiced medicine in Caracas, in the hospitals of San Pablo
Ermitaño, for men, and Nuestra Señora de la Caridad, for women;
and in La Victoria (1824-55). He researched and promoted methods to
prevent and combat the cholera epidemic; and was a pioneer in the
study of infectious diseases and their causes.
He was a member of the Medical Faculty of Caracas; and the
Economic Society of Friends of the Country (1829).
With his botanical research, he found that cinchona trees in the
Coastal mountain range were indicated for the treatment of yellow
fever; and promoted the industrial use of rubber.
Author of the writings, Report on the quinas of the country (March
1828); and Principles for the Materia Medica of the Country (1844),
among others.
The doctor and botanist José María Benítez died in La Victoria, Edo.
Aragua, on October 24, 1855, victim of cholera.

Jacinto Convit García was born on September 11, 1913 in the city of Caracas . Dr.
Jacinto Convit will be remembered as one of the most universal Venezuelans thanks
to the development of the leprosy vaccine , as well as other research related to the
cure of various types of cancer . Venezuela honors him one year after his physical
departure and thanks him for his contribution to science and life, because as he
himself stated he wanted to "delve into the human aspect of the sick."

Jacinto Convit García's early years took place in the beautiful La Pastora parish in
Caracas. In 1932 he began his studies in Medicine at the Central University of
Venezuela (UCV), and in 1938 he obtained the degree of Doctor in Medical Sciences.
In 1946 he married Rafaela D'Onofrio, a marriage from which his four children were
born. They both shared a love of horses, and owned the Stud Saltron.
He served as director of the laboratory of Dr. Leopoldo Briceño Iragorry at the Vargas
Hospital in Caracas; President of the International Leprosy Association (ILA) and
President of the International Journal of Leprosy and Corporation ; Director of the Pan
American Center for Research and Training in Leprosy and Tropical Diseases. In
1971, the World Health Organization (WHO) appointed him Director of the Cooperative
Center for the Histological Study and Classification of Leprosy, a position he held until
his death.

In his research on leprosy, he managed to isolate the bacillus with the vaccine, which
contributed to the closure of the patient isolation centers – leprosariums – and
guaranteed dignified treatment for them; It was also the basis for the vaccine against
leishmaniasis. His tenacity was recognized with the Prince of Asturias Award for
Scientific and Technical Research in 1987 ; He was also nominated for the Nobel
Prize in Medicine. After 100 years of a fruitful and dedicated life, he died in Caracas on
May 12, 2014 .

Heberto Cuenca Carruyo was born in Maracaibo , Zulia state, Venezuela on October 14,
1895 and died in Caracas on January 27, 1938. He was a professor , scientific writer and
doctor who pioneered cardiology in Venezuela. 1
His mother was Lucrecia Carruyo and his father Raúl Cuenca. He completed his primary and
secondary studies in Maracaibo, graduating in 1910 with a bachelor's degree in Philosophy.
After moving to Caracas, he began his university studies at the Faculty of Medicine of the
Central University of Venezuela in 1916, managing to complete his studies with the title of
Surgeon in 1922 and in 1925 he received the title of Doctor of Medical Sciences . As a student,
he was able to participate as a Physiology trainer at the Caracas School of Medicine ,
Laboratory and Intern trainer at the Vargas Hospital , Medical Clinic monitor and teacher at the
Liceo Caracas .
He perfected his cardiology studies in Europe on two trips. His first trip was in 1925 and he
returned to Maracaibo in 1926 with the first Boulitte electrocardiograph known in Venezuela
and an X-ray machine. He returned to Europe in 1929 and stayed until the end of 1930. In
1932 he settled in Caracas and worked at the Córdova Clinic and then was head of services at
the Vargas Hospital. In 1935 he founded the Venezuelan Archives of Hematology and was
elected in April 1938 as a Full Member of the National Academy of Medicine , although he did
not join since in January he was murdered in front of the clinic where he worked.

The neurologist Gloria Teresa Mercader Guedez was

born in Venezuela, on November 12, 1928.
She married Raimundo Villegas, and the couple has 2
daughters: Gloria and Eleonora.
He graduated as a surgeon from the School of
Medicine of the Central University of Venezuela, UCV,
in 1955; He completed his postgraduate studies in the
United States of America at the Children's Medical
Center of Harvard University, Boston. He completed
his doctorate and obtained the title of Phylosofical
Scientium in 1973.
In 1958 she did an internship as a researcher at the
Medical Research Laboratory of the Luis Roche
Foundation. She worked as an Associate Researcher at
the Venezuelan Institute of Neurology and Brain
Research, IVNIC, which would later become IVIC from
1959, where she founded the Ultrastructure
Laboratory of the Department of Biophysics. In 1984
she was a Senior Researcher at the same institute,
and then she moved to the Institute for Advanced
Studies, IDEA, where she organized the Biostructures
laboratory. He is part of the founding group of the
Provive Association.
He has published 80 research papers.
She is the Honorary President of the XI Venezuelan
Congress of Electron Microscopy.
She was honored as a researcher at the XV
Venezuelan Congress of Microscopy (2012).
Member of the following scientific and professional
associations: Honorary of the Venezuelan Society of
Microscopy and Microanalysis; of the Academy of
Sciences of Latin America; and the Academy of
Sciences for the Developing World.

Gloria Teresa Mercader Guedez graduated as a surgeon from the School of Medicine of the
Central University of Venezuela in 1955. He then moved to the United States to pursue
postgraduate studies at Harvard University Children's Medical Center , Boston , under the
mentorship of Dr. Berry Geren Uzman.
Upon returning to Venezuela in 1958, she did an internship as a researcher at the Medical
Research Laboratory of the Luis Roche Foundation. 2 She then joined as an Associate
Researcher at the Venezuelan Institute of Neurology and Brain Research (IVNIC), 3 an
institution that would be the seed that would give way to the IVIC starting in 1959. Already part
of the Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research , he founded the Ultrastructure Laboratory of
the Department of Biophysics .
Furthermore, at the IVIC he carried out his doctoral studies, obtaining the title of Phylosofical
Scientium in 1973. In 1984 she was a Senior Researcher at the same institute, and then she
moved to the Institute for Advanced Studies, IDEA , where she organized the Biostructures
laboratory.
His more than 80 research papers published in peer-reviewed journals include studies on the
invertebrate retina , nerve regeneration, and nerve diffusion pathways.
Gloria Mercader has participated in more than 140 scientific meetings in her country and
abroad. This doctor has collaborated in the training of numerous Venezuelan scientists. 4 She
is an Emerita Senior Researcher at IDEA. He is part of the founding group of the Provive
Association, 5 in Venezuela.
Her husband is Raimundo Villegas with whom she had two daughters: Gloria Villegas
Mercader and Eleonora Villegas-Reimers. 6
ALFREDO JAHN HARTMAN was born in Caracas on October 8, 1867. Son
of Alfredo Federico Jahn and Eugenia Hartman. Alfredo Jahn Jr. He studied
military engineering in Germany and upon his return, he graduated from the
Central University of Venezuela in 1886. The young man from Caracas
participated as an assistant engineer in the construction of the Caracas-
Valencia and Caracas-La Guaira railways; He held the position of Technical
Inspector of the railways in 1909; then as a Construction Engineer in front of
the work known as the Trasandina highway (1885-1925); Since 1910 he was
the Head of the Technical Board of the Ministry of Public Works, so a project
of his interest was the construction of the Caracas-Colonia Tovar highway,
Catia-El Junquito section (1937-1939).
Regarding his personal life, Jahn, on July 25, 1891, married Aurelia López
Farrugia; and the couple will have 10 children: María Aurelia, Eugenia,
Alfredo, Gustavo, Margarita, Carlos, Luisa, Carmen, Angelina and Isabel.
Alfredo Jahn, was a student of the distinguished Adolfo Ernst; and in the field
of research he carried out the topographic survey of Lake Valencia, Carabobo.
In 1887 he accompanied the Caracas scientist Vicente Marcano on the
scientific expedition to the Orinoco River and the geodesy of the Andes
mountain range, being the first to ascend El Cenizo Peak, the highest
mountain in the Henri Pittier National Park, in February 1901; and then to
Humboldt Peak, on January 18, 1911.
He founded and presided over the Academy of Physical, Mathematical and
Natural Sciences of Venezuela (1933-4). Of his prolific scientific work, the
most notable ones are The Venezuelan Andes Mountains ( 1912), The
Aborigines of Western Venezuela (1927) and Physical Aspects of
Venezuela ( 1941), cataloged as being of great importance in the Venezuelan
scientific field.
Alfredo Jahn was the first historian of Colonia Tovar, Aragua; and published
two works dedicated to its history, titled Documents for the history of
Colonia Tovar.
Individual of Number of the National Academies of History (1923), Physical
Sciences, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, among others. Among the
recognitions he received, we have the Honoris Causa Doctorate from the
University of Hamburg and the Medal from the Geographical Society of
Berlin, in Germany. He belonged to the most prestigious scientific societies of
the time, both in the country, the United States and in Europe, such as the
American Geographical Society of New York, USA, in an honorary capacity;
the Americanists of Paris, France; the Hamburg Geographical; the
Geographical Institute of Nuremberg, Germany; the Geographical of Paris;
and member of the Colombian Academy of Sciences. In Venezuela, he was
named honorary member of the College of Engineers; of the Council of the
Red Cross and Honorary President of the National Association of Coffee
Growers. He received the Order of the Liberator, thanks to his contributions to
the development of science in the country. The distinguished engineer,
historian, ethnographer and pioneer of anthropological studies in Venezuela,
Alfredo Jahn Hartman, died in Caracas on June 12, 1940.
He published 41 scientific books and pamphlets, wrote 52 articles for
newspapers and magazines, and gave lectures at the numerous associations to
which he belonged. A man from Caracas with exceptional qualities without a
doubt.

Manuel Núñez Tovar was born in Caicara de Maturín, Monagas state, on September 24, 1872 and died in
Maracay, Aragua state, on January 27, 1928.

He graduated as a doctor from the Central University of Venezuela in 1895. Recently graduated, he returned
to the Monaco region and settled in Maturín, where he practiced his profession and was briefly named Medical
Doctor. Then, in 1909, he was part, with César Flamerich and Rafael Núñez Isava, of the Public Hygiene
Commission, created by the State Government and coinciding with an organization of the same name also
founded in 1909 in Caracas, under the direction of Pablo Acosta. Ortiz. In that same year, he began his
scientific research work, becoming especially interested in entomology and its importance in the transmission
of certain diseases, being the author of numerous articles and monographs on the subject. He is responsible
for the identification of the American necator (duodenal hookworm) as the cause of many anemias, classified
as malarial in patients who had suffered from malaria.

After practicing the profession for almost twenty years in the state of Monagas, where he also acted as a
surgeon, he established his residence in Caracas (Clínica Castán), for a short time; Then, he went to La
Victoria, also for a short time, and then to Maracay, where, after receiving the appointment of brigade doctor,
assigned to the garrison of the Aragüeña capital, he permanently established his residence there. He carried
out important work in the lands of Aragua, where, after finishing his usual work in the afternoons, he used to
ride a white horse, capturing insects and other animal species, thus touring the Aragua valleys and the
surroundings of Lake Valencia. He has been considered the first Venezuelan entomologist and is named after
him, in addition to several species of mosquitoes discovered by him, a high school and the Maturín University
Hospital. Its valuable entomological collection, acquired by the national government, is preserved in the
Directorate of Malariology and Environmental Sanitation of the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance,
located in Maracay. He was a deputy to the National Congress for the state of Anzoátegui.

On August 31, 1905, he was elected to Position No. 6 as National Corresponding Member for the state of
Monagas. First to occupy the position. In the Global Index (1893-1992) it appears with one publication.
María de Lourdes Gallango ( Valencia , Venezuela , April 4 , 1929 - Ann Arbor , United States
, December 5 , 2007 ) was a prominent researcher in the field of serum protein
immunogenetics and was part of the founding group of the Venezuelan Institute of Scientific
Research ( IVIC ). 1

Biography
He graduated from the School of Medicine of the Central University of Venezuela as a Surgeon
in 1954. He moved to Tucacas , in the state of Falcón , and then to Chirgua , in the state of
Carabobo , in Venezuela , where he worked as a Rural Doctor . In 1956 he joined the
Research Department of the Blood Bank in Caracas .
During his one-year stay at the Blood Bank, he decided to pursue postgraduate studies in
Hematology and Hemotherapy there, later moving to the Department of Medicine at Duke
University , in Durham , United States , returning to Venezuela in 1958 when he joined the IVIC
as a Contracted Researcher and later as an Associate Researcher.
In 1962 he resumed postgraduate studies, for one year, in the department of Human Genetics
at the University of Michigan , in the United States , and in 1972 he took courses on
radioimmunoanalysis in the study of biological systems at the Simon Stevin Institute, in
Bruges , Belgium . Finally, he completed his studies to obtain a doctorate in 1983 at the
University of Zulia , Venezuela ; This fact did not prevent her from becoming a Senior
Researcher at IVIC in 1980, since she was already an expert and highly knowledgeable in her
field.
He made his greatest contribution with studies on the distribution and characteristics of various
serum protein systems, determinants of hereditary phenotypes present in Venezuela and other
American countries.
He was a teacher in the Postgraduate Hematology courses at the Central University of
Venezuela between 1966 and 1980, and in the Immunology postgraduate courses at the IVIC
between 1983 and 1985. She was recognized as an Emerita Researcher of that institute on
August 15, 1988.

Son of a Spanish exile, who arrived in Venezuela at the end of the Spanish civil war , born in
Bilbao ( Basque Country), nationalized Venezuelan , Jaime Piquero Arteaga, and a Chilean
mother, Gloria Martín Martín, of Madrid parents.
He was born in the Santa Rosalía Parish, Libertador Municipality of Caracas . He began his
studies at Colegio Los Caobos and attended high school at the Liceo Gustavo Herrera,
graduating with a Bachelor of Science in 1964 . Of those years he refers “They were years of
full youth enjoyment in a friendly Caracas where democracy was imposed as a way of life.” A
restless young man, he stood out in Judo, being national lightweight champion in 1965, and a
member of the Orfeón del Liceo Gustavo Herrera.
In 1966 he entered the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Carabobo , ( Valencia,
Venezuela ) where he obtained the title of Medical Surgeon in 1971 . Parallel to his medical
studies, he remained active as a member of the Judo team at the University of Carabobo and
belonged to and was the founder of the Theater of the University of Carabobo.
Jaime Piquero-Martín ( Caracas , Venezuela , September 11 , 1947 ) Venezuelan
dermatologist , recognized for his research on acne and rosacea as well as for the publication
of several books on the specialty and medical reports. He is an editor and member of the
editorial board of several dermatological journals, an invited speaker at international
conferences, as well as a director of several international academic organizations. Various
medical awards and prizes.
Graduated in 1971 and already married, he decided, at a time when social service in the
countryside was not mandatory, to go to rural medicine in the Colonia Agricola de Turen, in the
state of Portuguesa, a plains state in the center of the country. After a year of getting to know
the reality of life of the Venezuelan farmer and returning to the city of Valencia to complete the
internship, he began to lean towards dermatology "It is a specialty that does not hide anything
nor does it need any external support to make diagnoses." He entered the postgraduate
course in dermatology ( 1973 ) at the José Maria Vargas Faculty of Medicine under the
direction of Dr. Jacinto Convit, of whom he was godfather of his dermatologist class ( 1975 ).
Upon graduating as a Master Scienciatorum in Dermatology, he continued his studies in
Dermatopathology and at the same time joined the Venezuelan Army as a dermatologist at the
Fuerte Tiuna Military Hospital in Caracas . In 1978 he joined the Vargas Hospital of Caracas as
a specialist in Dermatology , where he completed a 32-year career, occupying the last eight
years as Head of the Dermatology Service at the Vargas Hospital of Caracas , which he
alternated teaching in undergraduate and postgraduate courses at the chair of dermatology at
the Vargas Faculty of Medicine of the Central University of Venezuela. Currently Emeritus
Professor of the postgraduate degree in Dermatology at the José Maria Vargas Faculty of
Medicine, Central University of Venezuela. During his teaching , healthcare and research
practice, he is interested in the study and research of Acne , Rosacea , Erythema Dischromico
perstans and diseases of the female external genitalia. , which publishes in more than 100
publications in national and international indexed journals. Currently, in addition to maintaining
teaching work in the dermatology postgraduate course at the UCV Biomedicine Institute , he
practices dermatology directing the Skin Clinic with four locations ( Sanatrix Clinic, Leopoldo
Aguerrevere Clinic, Razetti Clinic, Buenaventura Medical Center ) and maintains his clinical
research within of dermatology , in addition to being an international lecturer and remaining
active in everything that concerns his specialty.

Janis Rácenis ( Jānis Rācenis , Riga , Livonia Governorate , Russian Empire (today Latvia ),
April 10 , 1915 – Caracas , Venezuela , April 10, 1980 ) was an entomologist dedicated to the
study of odonates from Venezuela 1 2 and from Peru 3

Biographical Summary
Janis (Juan) Rácenis was born in Riga – Latvia on April 10, 1915 and completed basic studies
in his hometown. In 1943 he graduated in science from the University of Latvia and began to
work in the field of ornithology. Later he moved to Germany ( Federal Republic of Germany )
where he earned a doctorate in Natural Sciences at the University of Erlangen. During his stay
in Germany, he married Gaida Artens in 1947 . In 1948 he resided in Venezuela where he
began to work in the Department of Natural Sciences of the Central University of Venezuela,
which would become the pioneering Faculty of Sciences in Venezuela. 4 5
Janis Rácenis and the Central University of Venezuela [ edit ]
Janis Rácenis has worked at the Central University of Venezuela since 1948 when he arrived
in Venezuela to work as a full-time professor teaching natural sciences and will remain there
until his retirement in 1976 . During this time he held various management positions within the
institution, including the Faculty of Sciences and the School of Biology. 6 Museum of Biology of
the Central University of Venezuela (MBUCV) in 1949 first director and founder, 7 8 9 Acta
Biologica Venezuelica magazine first editor and founder, 10 Institute of Tropical Zoology where
he was first director and founder 1965. 11

Other positions and activities performed [ edit ]

1953: Founding member and director of the Venezuelan Association for the Advancement of
Science (AsoVAC). 1955-1960: Member of the editorial board of the Bulletin of the Museum of
Natural Sciences of Caracas. 1957-1958: Technical assistant at the Las Delicias Zoological
Garden in Maracay . 1958: Founder of the Institute for the Conservation of Lake Valencia .
1963: Founder of the Association of Tropical Biology, inc. in United States . Science Museum
of the Metropolitan Park of Valencia. 1964-1964: Alfredo Jahn Hydrobiological Station on Lake
Valencia. Member of the board of directors of the Venezuelan Society of Natural Sciences.
1964-1965: Founder of the Venezuelan Society of Entomology.

Janis (Juan) Rácenis was born in Riga, Latvia, on April 10, 1915.
He married Gaida Antens in 1947.
He studied in his hometown, graduating in science from the University of Latvia (1943). He then
traveled to the Federal Republic of Germany and obtained a doctorate in Natural Sciences at the
University of Erlangen.
In 1948 he traveled to Venezuela, where he lived.
He held the following positions in Venezuela: member of the Department of Natural Sciences of
the Central University of Venezuela, UCV; professor of the natural sciences chair at the UCV;
director of the Faculty of Sciences and School of Biology; first director of the UCV Museum of
Biology, MBUCV; director and founder of the magazine Acta Biologica Venezuelica; director and
founder of the Institute of Tropical Zoology (1965); founding member and director of the
Venezuelan Association for the Advancement of Science, AsoVAC (1953); member of the editorial
board of the Bulletin of the Museum of Natural Sciences of Caracas (1955-60); technical assistant
at the Las Delicias Zoological Garden in Maracay, Edo. Aragua (1957-58); founder of the Institute
for the Conservation of Lake Valencia, Edo. Carabobo (1958); founder of the Association of
Tropical Biology, inc. in the USA (1963); director of the Science Museum of the Metropolitan Park
of Valencia; director of the Alfredo Jahn Hydrobiological Station on Lake Valencia; member of
the board of directors of the Venezuelan Society of Natural Sciences; and founder of the
Venezuelan Society of Entomology (1964-65).
Some of his writings are: Contribution to the study of the Odonata of Venezuela (1953); Some
notes on the Venezuelan species of the genus Nephepeltia (Odonata: Liibellulidae), 1953; A new
species of the genus Neoneura (Odonata: Protoneuridae) from Venezuela (1953); The genus
Metaleptobasis (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) in Venezuela (1955); Neotropical odonates in the
collection of the Faculty of Agronomy of the UCV (1958); Two new species of the genus Aeshna
(Odonata: Aeshnidae) from Venezuela (1958); List of the odonates of Peru (1959); Four new
species of the genus Epipleoneura (Odonata: Protonevridae), 1960; Preliminary list of Venezuelan
Odonata (1966); The odonates of the Auyantepui region and the Sierra de Lema, in Venezuelan
Guayana (1968); The odonates of the Auyantepui region and the Sierra de Lema, in Venezuelan
Guayana (1970); and An analysis of the cophysa-group of Tramea Hagen, with descriptions of two
new species (Anisoptera: Libellulidae), 1982.
The Lithuanian entomologist Janis Rácenis died in Caracas, Venezuela, April 10, 1980.

Separate work

Creativity is a dynamic process, it is a living and changing force of the

human being; That is, it is the engine of personal development and
has been the basis of the progress of every culture.

Creativity is an essential element of every human being; Thanks to

society, individuals and organizations have evolved and developed.

In this unit you will study the concepts of creativity within the field of
psychology (the science that has studied it the most). Likewise, you
will learn some techniques that will help you be more creative, with a
view to their application in your professional performance.

Although the concept of creativity is used

colloquially in different facets of current life,
in reality the term has been the subject of
research in various areas since the beginning
of the 20th century; Psychology and pedagogy
were the first disciplines to study it.
And since then there was a great curiosity to
know the process of producing ideas and
solving problems, this with a clear purpose: to
teach how to think in an original and practical
way.
It is assumed that creativity is the ability to
produce something new; However, some
disagreements have arisen due to the
different paths that research takes, some
focused on the subject, others on the process,
which makes a complete notion of the concept
of creativity difficult.
Some researchers affirm that “there is no
unitary definition of creativity. But this does
not mean that there is no common denominator
between the different concepts of this
quality. This common denominator accentuates
the idea of something new, regardless of how
new it may be” (Matussek, 1984, p. 11).
Many authors consider creativity as a process,
a set of phases to follow, certain
characteristics that a person must have and,
of course, a process that results in something
that must be new, original and that must serve
to solve some problem. problem. However,
there is no clear definition.
In any case, it is a capacity that exists in all
human beings, used to solve problems and that
requires already existing realities. Based on
some research, creativity could be defined as
“the set of abilities linked to the personality
of the human being that allow, based on prior
information, and through a series of internal
(cognitive) processes, in which said creativity
is transformed. information, solving problems
with originality and effectiveness”
(Hernández, 1999, p. 67).
Something we can affirm is that there are no
people without creativity and that, like any
other quality, it must be exercised from the
time we are children.

The education of creativity is a fundamental pillar of the new education

and there is no longer any educational organization that looks to the
future without taking it into account, but what is the purpose of educating
creativity?

Creativity is the ability to provide original solutions to the different challenges , events and/or
problems that arise from the generation of ideas , concepts or, for example, associations between
already known ideas and concepts. Likewise, creativity or original thinking is a mental process
that arises from the imagination . Creative people are characterized, therefore, by having
information in their minds that they can use to solve problems, a great concern or curiosity, a
different way of seeing things, autonomy, capacity for analysis and synthesis, etc...

In this way, at the Private Foundation for Creativity, we consider that it is very important to
develop the creativity of children in order to help them face their future . We live in a changing
society and, in this way, it is vital to promote the autonomy of boys and girls when it comes to facing
the different events that are presented to them in a different and original way.
 We can see creativity as restlessness, non-conformity, independence when carrying out different
actions. Likewise, confidence or security originates from what children know or learn to do through
their abilities, from their talents. That is why at the Foundation we emphasize the need to promote
creativity but also to discover talents: to prepare children for tomorrow. Prepare them to be different,
original, unusual and independent; enhancing their ability to be innovative and creative in all areas
of life. Thus, creativity serves to reinforce self-esteem, autonomy and security.

The benefits of developing creativity are, as has been previously intuited, countless. Self-esteem
improves, communication skills are developed, social relationships and personal integrity are
improved, the ability to adapt to a continually changing environment is increased, there is an
increase in the ability to face different challenges, imagination is developed, etc Therefore, we can
see how creativity helps increase people's quality of life.

So, can anyone still doubt today the need to educate children's creativity?

However, being creative is an attitude in life that takes us beyond the purely
material. Creating something new and daring to make it a reality puts us on
the path to finding what our ' Element ' is. Discovering it as Sir Ken Robinson
tells us brings us great benefits:
 We achieve well-being.
 It makes us feel personal success and a sense of achievement.
 Contact is established with something fundamental that gives us a sense of
identity.
 It develops our ability, that is, the natural ease of doing something, the
understanding of what something is, how it works and how to use it.
 It puts our passion to work by finding great delight and pleasure in what we
do.
 It describes our attitude, the personal perspective we have of ourselves and our
circumstances.
 It makes us pay attention to our opportunities and our surroundings with a
more open mind.
It is for the reason mentioned above that perhaps we should ask ourselves not
so much what creativity is for but why not be creative in life. Why not give
ourselves that chance and see what happens?

Creativity is one of the most important and useful capabilities

of human beings . This is because it allows you, precisely, to
create and invent new things, objects, elements from what
already exists in the world. The idea of creativity comes
precisely from the previous idea of "creating", which is why
the act of inventing or generating something new is always
linked to a greater or lesser degree with the use of the
aforementioned skill.
If we take into account that human beings are characterized
by adapting nature and what surrounds them to their needs,
we will understand why creativity is central to this: the
ability to think of something new and better is what makes
society and human civilization ultimately advances towards
new and better forms of coexistence .
Creativity arises in human beings mainly as a method of
subsistence. Because? Because man has had to understand
throughout time and history that the problems that were
presented to him could be solvable and that for everything it
was worth looking for an alternative, something new, a
solution that would allow him to move forward. This is what
happened when approximately 8500 BC Human beings
learned to cultivate the seeds that they previously collected
and thus managed to revolutionize history but also improve
their lives and ensure their subsistence.

Creativity is scientifically analyzed to better understand human behavior

We have already pointed out that creativity is the means

through which human beings can, ultimately, survive.
Creativity is directly related to the act of creating. For
science this has always been an element of deep interest and
since the functioning of the human brain began to be studied
more rigorously in the 19th century until today, there are
many theories that speak of creativity. It is currently
accepted in the academic field that the human brain works in
a very particular way: each hemisphere makes its
contribution so that we can develop different attitudes,
learning, actions, survival strategies, etc.

The theory of the cerebral hemispheres states that the left

hemisphere is what allows us to develop logical,
mathematical, rational, linguistic, structured and orderly
attitudes. Creativity does not have as much place in this
hemisphere, but it is present in the right hemisphere. This is
responsible for everything we imagine, for what we believe is
possible, for freedom and for feeling powerful to create
anything. Feelings are also located there, which often acts as
a trigger for new inventions: love, fear.
Creative people are the ones who seek the most solutions to life's
problems.

It is normal to think that only those who write the lyrics of a

song are creative, those who paint a new work of art every
day, those who have the ability to generate melodies from
nothing, those who build wonderful architectural pieces.
Reality tells us that creativity is present in many things
because the creative person constantly seeks solutions to
new problems that arise every day. Creativity is always based
on an abstract and non-concrete idea that can be inspired by
already existing things, objects or situations. Thus, creativity
means working with what we already have at our disposal but
transforming it (to a greater or lesser extent) to create
something completely new with it. Creativity is, at the same
time, an abstract projection of something that can be built,
which is why it always implies an exercise of looking towards
the future through that element that is created.
However, it is clear that there are people who have a much
more developed sense of creativity. They are usually the ones
who focus on their feelings, their opinions, what surrounds
them, and their imagination. People who manage to find
alternatives to an action in response to a stimulus are also
creative, for example a soccer player who knows that he will
lose the ball if he kicks it from a point far from the goal and
must then find another way to score the goal. There are
studies carried out by specialists at the University of
California that establish that sleep, that is, proper sleep,
makes people 60% more creative and allows the imagination
to develop better.
This is why creativity is an essential trait of the person and
although there are some personalities who may have a more
developed sense of creativity than others, we are all in some
way capable of creating and inventing new things, ideas or
reflections taking taking into account the already existing
cultural baggage.

Creativity is an exceptional muscle that we all have within our reach.

Thanks to it, we make better decisions, we innovate in our reality, we find
more answers to everyday problems and we align dreams with
achievements. Being creative is not an art, it is an exercise that you learn
to practice daily.
Often, we tend to think that this ability is directly related to the act of
creating, being used only in artistic matters such as painting a painting,
composing music, writing a book... The reality is that a creative person
has a place in any facet and field they want. .
Even more, another interesting aspect that Edward de Bono revealed to
us in his day is that being creative is not related to high intelligence. We
all have this ability in ourselves. However, sometimes, education itself
extinguishes this spontaneity, this sensational force.
"Inspiration exists, but it has to find you working."

-Pablo Picasso

Being creative, a tool of power

Creativity provides us with solutions and ideas that allow us to
adapt to a constantly changing environment , also improving social
relationships thanks to the use of new communication habits.
Furthermore, creativity allows us to get out of routine , pushes us to
leave the zones of comfort and conformity, educates our mind to
understand reality from different perspectives and facilitates the task of
solving problems.
Therefore, it is important to develop it and keep it always awake in
our daily lives, thus allowing us a higher quality of life.
Robert J. Sternberg, one of the leading experts in intelligence, personality
and creativity, explains to us in a study that this ability should be
awakened and enhanced during school years . The educational
system therefore has the obligation to improve its study plans to train this
very basic skill for the advancement of society itself.

How to be more creative

To be creative you just have to open your mind, dare to think
differently, challenge yourself. What's more, authors like Edward de
Bono suggest that sometimes, we have to unlearn certain things to learn
them better.

These 5 tips can help us.

1. Don't set limits

The heart has no borders and the imagination even less so . Enjoy as
much as you can and discover as much as you want. It is very good to
use a notebook on hand to write down the ideas that come to mind during
the day and materialize them. Creativity arises at any time. The more you
take advantage of it, the more you will be developing it.
Likewise, another means to enhance creativity is meditation. A calm
mind thinks better, a focused mind connects directly and more
intensely with its reality to transform it.
“An essential aspect of creativity is not being afraid to fail.”

-Edwin Land-
2. Learn from the professionals and create your own theories

Creativity is a skill that you can learn and practice . To do this,

discover habits of professionals who can guide you. At this point, it can be
good for us to visit different exhibitions, attend events, read books...
Personally, in less than a month I became much more creative with a
visit to two major current innovative events: Ferrán Adriá's exhibition “
Auditing the creative process ” and “Slide to unlock NYC ” by Rodrigo
Rivas.
 1.What is technology?
Technology is a set of notions and knowledge used to achieve a precise
objective , which results in the solution of a specific problem of the individual or
the satisfaction of some of their needs. It is an extremely broad concept that is
capable of covering an immense variety of aspects that can range from
electronics to art or medicine.

Some examples : the creation of tablets capable of doing the work of a

computer , being extremely light and portable, is a merit of technology. As well
as the creation of robots for the automation of repetitive tasks, or animal cloning
.

We can identify the two main types of technologies:

 Hard technologies. Those that use elements of hard sciences such as engineering,
mechanics, mathematics , physics , chemistry and others . In this way, it can be used as an
example of hard technology, that applied to the field of computing , biochemistry ,
electronics, etc. Another characteristic of these is that the product obtained is not only
visible but also tangible; That is, it is about the production of material goods.

 Soft technologies. Those that are based on humanistic or soft sciences, such as
sociology , psychology , economics , etc. Generally, they are used in order to achieve
improvements within institutions or companies that allow them to achieve their objectives in
a more effective way. In this case, the product obtained is neither visible nor tangible, since
it consists of the development of services, strategies, theories and others.

In short, hard technologies provide us with tangible goods , such as a

wooden spoon, and soft technologies provide us with intangible goods, such as
the creation and development of software . It is usual to relate soft technologies
to the field of economics, management and administration while, on the
contrary, hard technologies are closely related to the area of physics and
chemistry.
On the other hand, we can find a flexible technology that massifies technologies
in different areas (for example, the microchip that is used in both phones and
computers) as well as fixed technology that encompasses the set of
technologies for a product. or certain area (for example, rat poison is used for
the particular elimination of said animal).