TOPIC 16.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ)
PART 1. GRAMMAR
 Clause of Concession (Mệnh đề tương phản)
 Although: mặc dù
 Cấu trúc 1
Although / Though / Even though + S1 + V1, S2 + V2
Example:
 Although he has plenty of money, he doesn’t spend much.
= He doesn’t spend much although he has plenty of money.
 Chú ý:
 Although: dùng trong văn phong trang trọng.
 Though: dùng trong vân phong thân một.
 Even though: dùng để nhấn mạnh, mang nghĩa “thậm chí”.
 “Though” có thể đứng ở cuối câu, tách ra bởi dấu phẩy, mang nghĩa “tuy nhiên”.
Example:
 She has a driving licence. She rarely drives, though.
 Cấu trúc 2
Khi chủ ngữ trong 2 mệnh đề giống nhau (S1 = S2), động từ (V) trong mệnh đề chứa liên từ là “to be”
 Có thể lược bỏ “to be” và “ S” trong mệnh đề chứa liên từ.
Although / Though / Even though + S1 + to be + N/ Adj/ PII, S2 + V2
= Although / Though / Even though + N/ Adj/ PII, S2 + V2
Examples:
 Although she was a disabled girl, she felt confident in the sport.
= Although a disabled girl, she felt confident in the sport.
 Though he was intelligent, he couldn’t find the solutions to this problem.
= Though intelligent, he couldn’t find the solutions to this problem.
 He continued keep silent even though he was badly treated.
= He continued keep silent even though badly treated.
 Despite / in spite of: mặc dù
 Cấu trúc 1
 Despite / In spite of + Ving/N, S + V
Examples:
 In spite of feeling ill, she came to work.
= She came to work in spite of feeling ill.
 Despite her beautiful voice, she never became a singer.
= She never became a singer despite her beautiful voice.
 Cấu trúc 2
Despite / In spite of + the fact that + S1 + V2, S2 + V2
S1 + V1, despite / in spite of + this, S2 + V2
Example:
 Despite the fact that we had an appointment, the man didn’t show up.
= The man didn’t show up despite the fact that we had an appointment.
 Laura is poor, despite this, she is happy with her life.
 Much as / Much though: mặc dù
Although + S1 + V1, S2 + V2
= Much as / Much though + S1 + V2, S2 + V2
 Chú ý: Although = even though = though = much as = much though
Example:
 Although I admired him, I couldn’t accept his behavior.
= Much as/much though I admired him, I couldn’t accept his behavior.
 But / While / Whereas: tuy nhiên
S1 + V1 + (,) but + S2 + V2
= S1 + V1, while / whereas + S2 + V2
Example:
 I like travelling by plane, while /whereas my sister doesn’t.
= I like travelling by plane but my sister doesn’t.
 Adj/Adv + as / though: mặc dù (cấu trúc nhấn mạnh)
Although + S1 + V1 + adj / adv, S2 + V2
= Adj/Adv + as/though + S1 + V1, S2 + V2
Examples:
 Although she is beautiful, she can’t get married.
= Beautiful as /though she is, she can’t get married.
 Although I ran quickly, I couldn’t catch up with her.
 = Quickly as /though I ran, I couldn’t catch up with her.
 Emphatic form: cấu trúc nhấn mạnh mang nghĩa “mặc dù, cho dù“
Although + S1 + V1, S2 + V2
= V(bare infinitive) + as + S1 + auxiliary, S2 + V2
Example:
 Although he tried, he didn’t succeed.
= Try as he did, he didn’t succeed.
 No matter...: mặc dù..., cho dù... thế nào đi nữa
 Cấu trúc 1
No matter how + adj/ adv + S + V
= However + adj/ adv + S + V
Examples:
 However hard she tries, she never manages to finish her work on time.
= No matter how hard she tries, she never manages to finish her work on time.
 However intelligent he is, he can’t solve this matter.
= No matter how intelligent he is, he can’t solve this matter.
 Cấu trúc 2
No matter what + S + V
= Whatever+ S + V
Example:
 Whatever he says, nobody believes him anymore.
= No matter what he says, nobody believes him anymore.

 Clause of Reason (Mệnh đề nguyên nhân)

 Because: bởi vì
Because + S1 + V1, S2 + V2
Example:
 Because Jack is a good man, I love him.
= I love Jack because he is a good man.
 Since: bởi vì
Since/As/Now that Given that/ On the grounds that + S1 + V1, S2 + V2
Example:
 As the weather is fine, we decide to go for a walk.
 Now that the kids grow up, you should teach them how to behave properly.
 For: bởi vì
S1 + V1, for S2 + V2
Example:
 I was waiting for him, for he was going to bring me some news.
 Because of: bởi vì
 Cấu trúc 1
Because of/On account of/ In view of + Ving / N, S + V
Example:
 Because of the heavy rain, we couldn’t go out.
= We couldn’t go out because of the heavy rain.
 Cấu trúc 2
Example:
 Because of the fact that it rained heavily, we couldn’t go out.
= We couldn’t go out because of the fact that it rained heavily.
 Owing to / Due to / Thanks to: bởi vì, do, nhờ vào
 Cấu trúc 1
Owing to bởi vì
Due to + Ving / N, S + V do, tại (nguyên nhân xấu)
Thanks to nhờ vào, nhờ có
Examples:
 Owing to his illness, he could not continue with his studies.
 Due to snowing heavily, all flights to Oslo were cancelled yesterday.
 Thanks to her help, I could get good marks.
 Cấu trúc 2
Owing to bởi vì
Due to the fact that S1 + V1, S2 + V2 do, tại (nguyên nhân xấu)
Thanks to nhờ vào, nhờ có
Examples:
 Owing to the fact that he was ill, he could not continue with his studies.
 Due to the fact that it snowed heavily, all flights to Oslo were cancelled yesterday.
 Clause of Result (Mệnh đề kết quả)
 Such ... that
 Cấu trúc 1
S1+ V1 + such + (a/an) + (adj) + N + that + S2 +V2
Example:
 He was such a wise man that everyone respected him.
 I met such nice people that we got to know each other very quickly.
 Cấu trúc 2
S1 + V1 + such + a lot of + N + that + S2 + V2
Example:
 This car costs such a lot of money that we’re considering buying it.
 So ... that
 Cấu trúc 1
S1+ V1 + so + adj/adv + that + S2 +V2
Example:
 The fog was so thick that we couldn’t see the street.
 Cấu trúc 2
It + be + so + adj + a/an + N + that + S2 + V2
Example:
It was so boring a film that I nearly fell asleep.
 Cấu trúc 3
S1+ V1 + so + many/ much/few/little + (N) + that + S2 + V2
Example:
 He had made so many mistakes that he had to write his essay again.
 James drank so much that he couldn’t control his behaviour.
 Too ...to (quá... để)
 Cấu trúc 1
S + be + too + Adj + (for SB) + to V
Example:
 This exercise is too difficult for me to do.
 Cấu trúc 2
S + V + too + Adv + (for SB) + to V
Example:
 The thief ran too fast for us to catch up with.
 Enough ... to (Đủ ... để)
 Cấu trúc 1
S + be + Adj + enough + (for SB) +to V
Example:
 This house isn’t big enough for US to stay in.
 Cấu trúc 2
S + V + Adv + enough + (for SB) + to V
Example:
 Our team didn’t train enough to fight against our opponent.
 Cấu trúc 3
S + V + enough + N + (for SB) + to V
Example:
 Luckily, I have enough money to buy this laptop.
 So / Therefore: vì vậy
S1 + V1, so / therefore + (S2) + V2
= S2 + V2 + and so / therefore + (S2) + V2
Example:
 He had enough qualifications, so he got the job.
 She’s only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.
 As a result of/ consequence of...
 Cấu trúc 1
As a result of/ As a consequence of + Ving / N, S + V: vì ... nên ...

Example:
 As a result of his repeated mistakes, he lost his job.
 Cấu trúc 2
S + V + as a result of/ as a consequence of + Ving / N: là kết quả, hậu quả của ...
Example:
 He lost his job as a result of his repeated mistakes.

 Clause of Purpose (Mệnh đề mục đích)

 Full infinitive: để...
S + V + (not) to V + O
Example:
 I just called to offer you a good job.
 I get up early not to go to school late.
 In order to/ So as to: để...
 Dùng khi một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hành động.
S + V + so as (not) to/ in order (not) to + V
Example:
 We’re saving money in order to buy a new bike.
 He walked quietly so as not to wake up the baby.
 So that/ in order that: để ...
 Dùng khi hai chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hành động khác nhau.
Hiện tại, tương lai: S + V + so that + S + can/may/will + V
Quá khứ: S + V + so that + S + could/might/would + V
Example:
 He whispered his secret to me so that nobody else could hear it.
 Please close the door so that the cat can’t come in.
 With a view to, ...: nhằm mục đích, mục tiêu
S + V + with a view to/ with the aim of/ with the intention of + (not) Ving
Example:
 Jim studies hard with a view to getting a scholarship.
 They tried to study hard with the aim of not failing the final exam.
 For: để...
 Dùng để đưa ra dự định của cá nhân; mục đích sử dụng của vật.
S + V + for + Ving / N
Example:
 Tony went to the pub for a drink.
 I use the electric knife for cutting meat.
 For fear: vì sợ ...
 Cấu trúc 1
 For fear of + N/ Ving, S + V: Vì sợ
Example:
 For fear of waking the guards, we spoke guietly.
= We spoke guietly for fear of waking the guards.
 Cấu trúc 2
For fear (that) + S1 + V1, S2 + V2: Vì sợ rằng...
Example:
 For fear that he got bad marks, he tried hard to study.
= He tried hard to study for fear that he got bad marks.

 Clause of Time (Mệnh đề thời gian)

 Hai cấu trúc cơ bân của mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:
 
Adverb + S1 +V1, S2 + V2 S2 +V2 + adverb + S1 + V1
Mệnh đề thời gian, Mệnh đề chính Mệnh đề chính + mệnh đề thời gian

 Sự phối hợp giữa động từ trong mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:
 WHEN (khi)
QKĐ when QKĐ The light turned on when I came into the room.
TLĐ/HTĐ when QKĐ I’ll phone you when I arrive at the airport.
QKTD when QKĐ Jane was talking on the phone when I arrived.
QKHT when QKĐ Tony had already eaten dinner when she called.

 WHILE / AS (trong khi)

QKĐ while/as QKTD I met my old friend while I was walking home.
QKTD while QKTD I was reading books while Laura was playing the violin.

 BEFORE (trước khi)

QKHT before QKĐ I had left before Lucy came.
QKĐ before QKĐ I left before Lucy came.

 AFTER (sau khi)

QKĐ after QKĐ She got a job after she had graduated.
 TLĐ/TLHT after HTĐ She’ll get a job after she graduates.

 BY THE TIME (vào lúc)

QKHT after QKĐ Sam had already left by the time we arrived.
TLHT after HTĐ We’ll have finished our work by the time he comes here.

 UNTIL / TILL (cho đến khi)

QKĐ until/till QKĐ I stayed there until my brother finished his work.
TLĐ/HTĐ until/till HTĐ I’ll wait till my brother finishes his work.

 SINCE (kể từ khi)

HTHT since QKĐ I haven’t seen Jose since she moved to America.

 AS SOON AS/ONCE (ngay sau khi)

TLĐ/HTĐ as soon as/once HTĐ/HTHT I will leave as soon as it stops raining.
QKĐ as soon as/once QKĐ As soon as I left the house, it burned.

 WHENEVER / EVERYTIME (bất kể khi nào)

HTĐ whenever/everytime HTĐ She cries whenever I see her.
QKĐ whenever/everytime QKĐ We listened to music everytime we felt tired.

 NO SOONER...THAN / HARDLY...WHEN
No sooner + had + S + PII + than S + Vpast No sooner had I arrived home than Jack called
me.
Hardly + had + S + PII + than S + Vpast Hardly had I arrived home when Jack called me.

PART 2. PRACTICE
A. CONSTRUCTED-RESPONSE (Tự luận)
Exercise 1: Fill in "although / though / despite / in spite of".
1. She went out ________ she was tired.
2. ________ the snow, she went downtown.
3. She managed to do her homework ________ it was very difficult.
4. She didn’t have much money, she enjoyed window shopping, ________.
5. The stores are full of shoppers ________ the crisis.
6. We really want to go to Pizza Company ________ it’s a bit late.
7. ________ the fact that he worked hard, he couldn’t afford to buy a new house.
8. ________ she loved him, she couldn’t stand his behavior.
9. She bought the expensive dress ________ she was aware that she wouldn’t be able to pay
for other things for the rest of the month.
10. They are very rich, they are really mean, ________.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences using the word in brackets.
1. She kept trying even though she was aware she wouldn’t win. (In spite of)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Despite having a terrible headache, my mom finished marking the students’ papers.
(Although)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Anna has caught a cold; however, she didn’t say anything to her mom. (Despite)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. In spite of the heat, I took my coat. (fact)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. I tried to convince her. I didn’t succeed, though. (Although)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. She kept writing even though she knew she wouldn’t finish her essay in time. (In spite of)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Despite being famous, she acted like a normal person. (Although)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Poor as Mary was, she tried to raise her child. (Though)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Although it was raining, I didn’t take an umbrella. (Despite)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. I don’t like horror films, but I went to the cinema anyway. (Although)
___________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3: Rewrite the Following sentences using the word in brackets.
1. David is very rich, but he isn’t happy. (though)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. He often tells lies, but many people still believe him. (although)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. When bad things happen, she always keeps calm. (despite)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Although it got dark, we continued with our work. (much)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. They drove home although the weather was bad. (however)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Although many people know the harm of smoking, they can’t give it up. (spite)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. He was not successful though he tried hard. (no matter)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Laura was ill, she still went to the conference yesterday. (fact)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. In spite of working overtime, Jack wasn’t paid enough money. (although)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. The little girl plays the piano very skillfully, few people vote for her. (as)
___________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 4: Fill in "because / because of".
1. Mary doesn’t want to go out with her friend tonight __________ her flu.
2. I don’t eat bananas __________ I don’t like them.
3. The streets were crowded yesterday __________ the concert.
4. We couldn’t sleep __________ the noise outside.
5. All the flights were delayed __________ the heavy storm.
6. I think I should get a taxi __________ I am in a hurry now.
7. Anna feels sick __________ she ate too much cake.
8. My mother is always complaining __________ the untidiness of my room.
9. All the passengers felt tired __________ the long journey.
10. We decided to leave early __________ the film was boring.
Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences using the word in brackets.
1. The fans were really disappointed. The actor didn’t perform as well as they had expected.
(since)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. The harvest couldn’t start. It rained heavily. (due)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Our teacher hasn’t marked the exams yet. She hasn’t had much time afterschool.
(because)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Mary didn’t buy these shoes. They didn’t suit her. (for)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Our neighbours were having a party last night. We couldn’t sleep well. (owing)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Tony helped me with my homework, I wasn’t be punished. (thanks)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
7. They had to put some warm clothes on. The weather got terribly cold at night. (because
of)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8. The play was boring and difficult to understand. The audience didn’t like it. (fact)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9. The tour guide has changed today’s schedule without prior warning. Most travellers are
angry. (account)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
10. The number of robberies has increased dramatically. A new law has been implemented.
(as)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 6: Rewrite the following sentences using the word In brackets.
1. They stayed at home because of the heavy snow. (as)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. The rate of unemployment will rise. Lots of factories are closing down. (since)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Because Janet is too lazy, her teacher wants her to be more hardworking. (because of)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Anna stayed home because she had a broken leg. (due to)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Peter’s mother won’t forgive him. He lied about his school marks. (because).
___________________________________________________________________________
6. There’s an underground strike today. We’re walking to work. (owing to)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Tony swallowed a fish bone. He had to go to the hospital. (for)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Prices are higher and higher. It’s hard for people to save money. (because)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Our flight was cancelled. We missed our Christmas dinner with our family. (ground)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. The project has been successful as we worked hard. (thanks)
___________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 7: Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets.
1. It was an easy question. Many students could answer it. (such)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. It was a hot day. The children played on the beach all day. (such)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Antony is very ill. He can’t come to class tomorrow. (so)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. I bought an interesting book. I’ve read it twice. (such)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. His ankle hurt very badly. He couldn’t walk for weeks. (so)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. The hamburger is very delicious. He can’t help eating it immediately, (such)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. She was late. She couldn’t have breakfast. (too)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. It is very cold. We cannot play outside. (too)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. She hasn’t got much money. She can’t go to Korea. (enough)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. The girls were so exhausted that they couldn’t eat their meal. (too)
___________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 8: Rewrite the Following sentences using the word in brackets.
1. The weather was very hot. We stayed at home all day. (so)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Jane can’t go on holidays because she is too busy. (such...that)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. They didn’t go to the concert because there were few tickets. (so...that)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. I must go to the market tomorrow morning because I forgot to buy butter. (and therefore)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. They spent too much money. They went bankrupt. (result)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. It was a very expensive book. I couldn’t afford to buy it. (so...that)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. He is so careless that he made a lot of mistakes on his test. (consequence)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. I was very tired because I had worked all day long. (so)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Janet won the prize because she practised regularly. (result)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. Tony is a funny boy. As a result, he makes all the students laugh. (such ... that)
___________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 9: Rewrite the following sentences.
1. We hurried because we didn’t want to miss the bus. (to)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. I eat less because I don’t want to gain weight. (as)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. She is learning English because she wants a better job. (for)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. They went to the supermarket. They wanted to buy meat and vegetables. (so that)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Susan works hard. She wants to get rich. (order)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Williams lent me the dictionary. He wanted me to look for the difficult words. (so that)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. They arrived early. They didn’t want to miss the beginning of the film. (order)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. I gave him a map. He would be able to find the way. (so that)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Mary phoned yesterday. She wanted to invite me to her birthday party. (as)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. We walk to the park every evening since we want to relax. (for)
___________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 10: Rewrite the following sentences using the word in brackets.
1. She came here early. She wanted to meet the headteacher. (to)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. I went to a study centre to have English lessons. (for)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. She opened her box. She wanted her friends to see Henry’s gift. (so that)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. We’ll take a raincoat so that we won’t get wet. (fear)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. She didn’t buy any clothes. She wanted to save money for the business course. (aim)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Linda couldn’t see the blackboard clearly. She changed seats. (order)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. She went to the shopping mall so she could buy herself a new dress. (as)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. They went to the fitness center to have yoga lessons. (for)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. They went to Paris. They wanted to find a new job. (view)
___________________________________________________________________________
10. We save a lot of money to travel around the world. (intention)
___________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 11: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense
1. I will send you an e-mail as soon as I _________ (get) to Australia.
2. Come to see me whenever you _________ (want).
3. She went to bed after she _________ (finish) her homework.
4. They stopped talking when I _________ (come) in.
5. No sooner _________ he _________ (close) the door than the alarm went off.
6. Don’t forget to shut the windows before you _________ (leave).
7. The children will not play in the garden until it _________ (stop) raining.
8. She was cleaning while he _________ (fix) their son’s bike.
9. They had left by the time she _________ (wake) up.
10. They were having fun while their mother _________ (watch) them.
11. He had already finished his homework when his friends _________ (call) him.
12. Tell Susan to be ready at 7.00 as soon as you _________ (see) her.
13. By the time dinner _________ (be) cooked, I felt really exhausted.
14. David quit his job after he _________ (find) a better one.
15. Peter waited until his parents _________ (go) out before he _________ (turn) up the
volume of his CD player.
16. It makes me feel angry whenever I _________ (hear) about him.
17. The washing machine will continue making that noise until we _________ (get) someone
to fix it.
18. They had carved the pumpkin by the time the guests _________ (arrive).
19. She will buy a bigger house as soon as the bank _________ (give) her the loan.
20. While she _________ (walk) down the street, a man attacked her.

B. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS (Trắc nghiệm)

Exercise 1: Circle the correct answer.
1. __________ having enough qualifications, Jenna was not offered the job.
A. Although B. Because C. In spite of D. Despite of
2. __________ Jenny is tired, she can’t work longer.
A. Because B. Even though C. Although D. Besides
3. Our seats were __________ far from the stage that we couldn’t see the singers clearly.
A. very B. too C. enough D. so
4. After Lucas __________ her degree, she hopes to work in her father’s company.
A. will finish B. will have finished
C. finishes D. is finishing
5. __________ the Internet becomes very popular, many old people don’t know how to use
it.
A. However B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. Despite
6. We couldn’t reach the stadium __________ the road was flooded.
A. because B. because of C. if D. Though
7. He was __________ he never cleans his room.
A. too lazy B. so lazy that C. very lazy that D. such lazy that
8. By the time my son goes to bed tonight, he __________ his homework work for the day.
A. will finish B. have finished
C. will have finished D. finish
9. __________ the fact that Anna prepared carefully for the job interview, she didn’t pass it.
A. Despite of B. In spite of C. Though D. Although
10. They are __________ young __________ take care of themselves.
A. so/that B. too/to C. enough /to D. such /that
11. Is there __________ for all the students here?
A. food and drink enough B. enough food and drink
C. enough of food and drink D. enough food and drink enough
12. When my parents arrive tomorrow, they __________ our new baby for the first time.
A. will see B. see C. saw D. have seen
13. Jack wasn’t promoted __________ he was a hard worker.
A. despite B. in spite of C. although D. no matter how
14. I am putting the nets over my strawberry plants __________ the birds can eat all the
strawberries.
A. so that B. in order that C. for not D. for fear that
15. Finally, we succeeded __________ the difficulties.
A. despite B. although C. in spite D. Even though
16. __________ his illness, he had to cancel the appointment.
A. However B. Despite C. If D. Because of
17. Most of the candidates are __________ to pass the examination.
A. enough good B. good enough C. too good D. very good
18. Dr. Kim has __________ many patients __________ he is always busy.
A. too/that B. very/until C. such/that D. so/that
19. They __________ until you arrive.
A. don’t leave B. won’t leave C. didn’t leave D. wouldn’t leave
20. __________, Dan has continued to work on his project.
A. Although all these problems
B. Even though there are some problems
C. Despite of all these problems
D. In spite of there are some problems
21. In spite of __________, he was determined to finish his work.
A. he was seriously ill B. be seriously ill
C. his serious illness D. was seriously ill
22. They arrived late __________ traffic jam.
A. because B. owing to C. despite D. so
23. It was __________ a difficult question that they couldn’t explain.
A. so B. such C. very D. too
24. Before I started the lecture, all students __________ silent.
A. will keep B. had kept C. keep D. have kept
25. In spite __________, the concert was not cancelled.
A. therein B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain
Exercise 2: Circle the correct answer.
1. He can’t join in the running competition __________.
A. although he hurts his legs B. because he hurts his legs
C. in spite of hurting his legs D. because of he his legs
2. __________ he had little money, he decided to invest in trading computers.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Much as
3. The lesson for the students to understand.
A. is very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult too D. is too difficult
4. The burglar cut the telephone wires __________ call the police.
A. so that he can B. in order that I can
C. for fear that I D. for me not to
5. It seems that whenever I travel abroad I __________ my passport.
A. forgot B. am forgetting C. forget D. had forgotten
6. __________ physically handicapped, he has become a successful businessman.
A. Despite B. Because C. Though D. In spite of
7. David missed the first bus, __________ he came ten minutes late.
A. Since B. Although C. However D. Therefore
8. The bookshelf is __________.
A. too high for me to reach B. such tall for me to reach
C. so high for me reaching D. enough high to reach
9. He goes to New York __________.
A. so that he wants to Learn English B. so as to Learn English
C. so to Learn English D. so he Learns English
10. __________, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being long distance B. Although being long distance
C. In spite being long distance D. Despite long distance
11. After he __________ the race, he appeared in almost every news.
A. had won B. won C. will win D. has won
12. __________, I can’t hear what he is saying.
A. Because of the noise B. Because of there is noise
C. Though there is noise D. In spite of the noise
13. She hides the cake __________.
A. so that the children can’t find it
B. in order to the children not to find it
C. for the children not find it
D. in order that the children not to find it
14. I have been living in the city since I my higher education.
A. is starting B. will start C. have started D. started
15. The children kept sleeping well despite __________.
A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy
16. __________, he can’t lift this box.
A. Strong as he is B. Although being strong
C. As strong he is D. In spite of strong
17. Tommy isn’t __________ a new motorbike.
A. rich enough to buy B. too rich enough to buy
C. too poor to buy D. enough rich to buy
18. The students are in hurry __________ they will not be late for school.
A. so as to B. to C. in order that D. for
19. Despite the fact that we enjoyed our camping
A. the weather is bad B. it is a bad weather
C. the bad weather D. the weather was bad
20. __________, I feel very refresh.
A. Because getting up early B. Although I get up early
C. Because of getting up early D. Despite getting up early
21. He turned off the lights before going out __________ waste electricity.
A. so that not B. as not to
C. in order that not D. so as not to
22. Henry __________ to my house while we __________ dinner.
A. was having/ were having B. came/ were having
C. came/ had D. was having/had
23. I bought this dictionary __________ Chinese.
A. for learn B. learning C. to learn D. Learned
24. He worked hard, he could not finish the job, __________.
A. although B. despite C. though D. in spite of
25. __________, he did not win the match.
A. When he tried hard B. Although trying hard
C. No matter how hard he tried D. Since he tried hard

C. ERROR CORRECTION (Sửa lỗi sai)

Exercise 1: Find and correct the mistake in each of the following sentences.
1. I will write down the address in order to I won’t forget it. ____________
2. The play was such good that I wanted to see it again. ____________
3. When I entered the room, the kids played with their toys. ____________
4. I am saving some money with the aim of to take a vacation next summer. ______
5. My brother was too tired that he slept all day. ____________
6. Although he didn’t have any money, but he Lived in luxury. ____________
7. We will take a taxi so that arrive the station in time. ____________
8. Despite it was a good party, I didn’t enjoy myself. ____________
9. John is so a very careful driver that he has never had any accident. ____________
10. Though is intelligent, Linda failed the final exam. ____________
11. The woman spoke too softly that I could hardly hear what she said. ____________
12. Young though David is, he owns a big company. ____________
13. Although the noise, Jane and Jack stayed in that hotel. ____________
14. Since Lucy has got married, I haven’t seen her. ____________
15. We’ll inform you as soon as the results will be announced. ____________
Exercise 2: Find and correct the mistake in each of the following sentences.
1. In spite (A) her broken (B) leg, she tried to walk (C) to the school to attend (D)the lecture.
2. Whenever (A) you will promise (B) to do something, you need (C) to keep (D)it.
3. No (A) matter expensive how (B) this car is, he decided (C) to buy (D)it.
4. Bob decided not to get (A) that job in spite of (B) the salary was (C) high (D).
5. John has such (A) many things to do (B) that he has (C) no time to go (D)out.
6. Although (A) the bad traffic, we managed to arrive (B) at (C) the meeting on (D)time.
7. My sister is (A) too young (B) not to (C) do volunteer work (D).
8. In spite (A) of my father has retired (B) for a long time, he still helps (C) me to direct
(D)the company.
9. Will (A) you wait (B) here until (C) I will finish (D)my work?
10. Though Jin works (A) with (B) her, but (C) he can’t talk to (D)her.
11. Mary always behaves (A) childishly (B) despite (C) she has grown up (D).
12. Although (A) the (B) harm of smoking, my father can’t get (C) rid of it (D).
13. My friends advised (A) her to stop (B) working because (C) her illness (D).
14. Williams succeeded (A) in his exam because of (B) he worked hard (C) and creatively
(D).
15. He couldn’t arrive on (A) time owing to (B) the street was (C) crowded and (D)narrow.
16. As soon as (A) she will finish (B) that project, she will go (C) home with (D)her husband.
17. These televisions are (A) all so (B) expensive for us to buy (C) at this time (D).
18. That is so (A) an interesting (B) movie that (C) everybody would like to watch it (D).
19. Since the difficult test (A), the students couldn’t (B) finish it (C) on time (D).
20. My boss had so many (A) luggage that there was (B) not enough room (C) in the car for
it (D).