GUAYAQUIL UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Philosophy and Educational Sciences.

Pedagogy of experimental sciences
of Chemistry and Biology.
Methodology of
the investigation by
MSC. Guillen Tufiño Ana Otilia.
Issue:
Report: Robotics.
Soto J. Moroni
Medina Franklin
Romero Mayra
Cristina Amaya
Moreira Andrea

Course: CI 2-2
2021 – 2022
Report: Robotics
Robotics is the branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronic
engineering, biomedical engineering and computer science, which deals with the design,
construction, operation, structure, manufacturing and application of robots. . Robotics is a
term that is no longer foreign to our everyday vocabulary; On the contrary, it has become so
common that it increasingly attracts much more young people. Robotics has been so relevant
in society that even preschool children know about it and begin to work in relation to
manipulating robots. However, when people are asked What is robotics?, there is confusion in
defining it. In most of the answers, they describe what is related to machines that have human
characteristics and refer to robots that they know from science fiction and the film industry.
(Reséndiz, 2014) Robotics as we know it today has its origins thousands of years ago.
However, facts recorded throughout history indicate that in ancient times robots were known
as automata, and robotics was not recognized as a science. In fact, the word robot emerged
long after the origin of automata. .

Robots have been implemented in the industry for decades, but today it can be said that they
are a crucial factor in the implementation of Industry 4.0. On the one hand, by the automation
of repetitive tasks and the execution of other difficult, exhausting or dangerous ones for
humans.

By definition, a robot is a programmable automatic machine capable of carrying out certain

operations autonomously and replacing human beings in some tasks.

As a curiosity, the term “robot” was popularized by the work RUR (Rossum Universal
Robots) by Karel Čapek in 1920. In the English translation of the play, the Czech word
“robota,” meaning hard labor or worker, was translated into English as robot.

The robots we know today were developed after World War II, due to the growing demand for
automation in the automotive industry . Before, robots were nothing more than tools for
automation, programmed to perform specific tasks: transport, loading, unloading, welding,
etc. Currently, there are so-called intelligent robots, programmed to detect any alteration in
their environment and to act accordingly.

A high percentage of jobs run the risk of being automated by robots and this is the biggest
drawback of the implementation of robotic devices in jobs, since it will cause massive job
destruction (mainly in the industrial and services sector). .

It is a reality that is difficult to hide, however, according to the report The Future of Jobs 2018
prepared by the World Economic Forum, 75 million jobs will disappear in the coming years.
But, to compensate, the arrival of technologies such as automation will allow another 133
million new roles to emerge until now unknown . Companies will need to invest in training
and retraining for their employees since there will always have to be a human person to
control, supervise, review and program these robots.

After having addressed the technologies that will open the door to a new generation of
robotics, we analyze the way in which these robots can appear in our lives and what the
relationship and experience with them will be like.

The flexibility of soft robotics makes it ideal for direct interaction with biological tissue. Soft-
soft interactions between such a robot and a human are, by nature, much safer than the hard-
soft interface imposed by conventional rigid robots. Much work has been done on smart
materials for direct skin-to-skin contact and integration into human skin, including electrical
connections and electronic components (Kim et al. 2011). A soft robotic second skin of a
functional type can offer many advantages unattainable by a conventional covering. For
example, it can mimic the color-changing ability of cephalopods (Morin et al. 2012) or change
fluid locations, such as teleost fish (Rossiter et al. 2012), and thus regulate the temperature.
The natural evolution of this type of skin lies in the manufacture of intelligent bandages to
facilitate wound healing and reduce the spread of bacteria with microbial resistance, by
limiting the need for antibiotics. Of course, these skins can be used as clothing, but social
acceptance of second skins as substitutes for conventional clothing is still far away. On the
other hand, if we exploit soft fibrous actuation technologies such as nylon coil actuator and
shape memory polymer-alloy composites (Rossiter et al. 2014), artificial muscles can be
woven inside the fabrics. Consequently, the possibility of creating active and reactive clothing
is provided.

These smart garments also offer an unparalleled new capability: because the smart material is
in direct contact with the skin and has actuation capabilities, it can apply direct mechanical
stimulation to the skin. In this way, it is analyzed to integrate tactile communication in
clothing. It must be taken into account that the channel of tactile communication has lagged
behind the other senses.
Works Cited

Reséndiz, C. c. (2014). The myth of Robotics. Obtained from

https://www.milenio.com/opinion/varios-autores/universidad-politecnica-de-
tulancingo/que-es-la-robotica
Karel, Č. (1920). The Future of Jobs from https://www.edsrobotics.com/blog/que-es-la-
robotica/
Rossiter, et al. (2014). Robotics and its future impact for humanity
https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/articulos/la-robotica-los-materiales-inteligentes-y-su-
impacto-futuro-para-la-humanidad/