Nonparametric tests:

Tests without population parameters

(means and standard deviations)
Use when:
• Data does not support means (ordinal)
• Data is not normally distributed.
1) Rank all data.
2) Evaluate if ranks tend to
cluster within a group.
Mann Whitney U test:

nonparametric equivalent of a t test

for two independent samples
 Mann Whitney U test:

n1 (n1 + 1)
U 1 = (n1 )(n2 ) + −  R1
2

n2 (n2 + 1)
U 2 = (n1 )(n2 ) + −  R2
2

Where: n1 Size of sample one R 1

Sum of sample one ranks

n2 Size of sample two

R
2
Sum of sample two ranks
Evaluation of Mann Whitney U

1) Choose the smaller of the two U values.

2) Find the critical value (Mann Whitney table)

3) When computed value is smaller than the

critical value the outcome is significant!
group 1 group 2
24 28
18 42
45 63
57 57
12 90
30 68
Step One: Rank all data across groups

group 1 group 2
24 28
18 2 42
45 63
57 57
12 1 90
30 68
group 1 group 2
24 3 28 4
18 2 42
45 63
57 57
12 1 90
30 68
group 1 group 2
24 3 28 4
18 2 42 6
45 7 63
57 57
12 1 90
30 5 68
Tied ranks:

• Find all values that are tied.

• Identify all ranks that would be
assigned to those values.
• Average those ranks.
• Assign that average to all tied values.
group 1 group 2
24 3 28 4
18 2 42 6
45 7 63
57 57
12 1 90
30 5 68
8th and 9th ranks would be used.

8+9 = 17 Averaging
17/ 2 = 8.5 ranks
group 1 group 2
24 3 28 4
18 2 42 6
45 7 63
57 8.5 57 8.5
12 1 90
30 5 68
group 1 group 2
24 3 28 4
18 2 42 6
45 7 63 10
57 8.5 57 8.5
12 1 90 12
30 5 68 11
Step Two: Sum the ranks for each group
group 1 group 2
24 3 28 4
18 2 42 6
45 7 63 10
57 8.5 57 8.5
12 1 90 12
30 5 68 11
26.5 51.5
Check the rankings:

n( n + 1)
R = 2
 (12)(13)
R = 2

156
R = 2

 R = 78
group 1 group 2
24 3 28 4
18 2 42 6
45 7 63 10
57 8.5 57 8.5
12 1 90 12
30 5 68 11
26.5 51.5
26.5 + 51.5 = 78
 Step Three: Compute U1

n1 (n1 + 1)
U1 = (n1 )(n2 ) + −  R1
2
 n1 (n1 + 1)
U 1 = (n1 )(n2 ) + −  R1
2

6( 7)
U 1 = ( 6)( 6) + − 26.5
2

U 1 = 36 + 21 − 26.5

U 1 = 30.5
Step Four: Compute U2

n2 (n2 + 1)
U 2 = (n1 )(n2 ) + −  R2
2
 n2 (n2 + 1)
U 2 = (n1 )(n2 ) + −  R2
2

6( 7)
U 2 = ( 6)( 6) + − 515
.
2

U 2 = 36 + 21 − 515
.

U 2 = 55
.
Step Five: Compare U1 to U2

U 1 = 30.5

U 2 = 55
.

.  30.5
55

U = 55
.
Critical Value = 5 (one tailed)
Artinya Ho diterima. Jika Critical Value < U
hitung
 Latihan
• Manajer produksi suatu perusahaan ingin menguji apakah output per
jam berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas kerja. Penelitian output per
jam terhadap sample random 5 pekerja tanpa iringan musik dan 7
pekerja dengan iringan musik dan ditunjukkan dalam table di bawah
ini:

Pekerja A Output Pekerja B Output

perjam perjam
1 12 1 17
2 12 2 16
3 11 3 18
4 10 4 15
5 10 5 15
6 14
7 14
• Pergunakan uji U dengan α = 95%