OS Syntactic Analysis and O.C.

Simple sentences
Compound sentences
ANALYSIS
SYNTACTIC
The simple prayer
The two basic elements of the sentence are the subject and the predicate .
" SUBJECT
- The subject is a noun phrase (group of words joined together around the name) that agrees in
number and person with the verb .
The subject is " agent " if it performs the action of the verb ( John eats apples );
and is a " patient subject " if he receives it (The apples are eaten by Juan ) .
When we analyze a sentence syntactically, we express the subject as SN-SUJ (if the subject is patient,
in passive sentences, we express it SN-SUJ PAC ). SN means Noun Phrase.
» PREDICATE
- The predicate is what is said about the subject. Point out an action, process or state: ( Juan jumps.
Juan sleeps. John is sick )
According to the verb (main part of the predicate) we can classify it:
in Verbal Predicate (the predicative verb is the nucleus of the predicate - Juan studies English -) and
in Nominal Predicate (the copulative verb simply unites the subject with the attribute - Juan is
intelligent -).
When analyzing we will write SV-PV (Verbal Phrase - Verbal Predicate) or SV-PN (Verbal Phrase -
Nominal Predicate).
7 The Nominal Predicate

It is characterized because it has a copulative (or semi-pulative) verb and an attribute . Both
elements are essential.
The verb functions as a link (" copula ") between subject and attribute, it has no semantic value. The
one that provides meaning to the predicate is the attribute.
Copulative verbs are, properly speaking: ser, estar or seem. Javier is a lawyer; Luisa is tired; Your
hair looks blonde.
Those verbs that occasionally function as copulative are called semi-pulative verbs : Juan is tired of
the excursion (= Juan is tired); Felipe was worried about your situation (Felipe is worried)...
The attribute is what is said about the subject: Juan is nice ; Ana is my friend ; Luis
He is from Pamplona ; The answer was yes ...
There is an identification between subject and attribute: Juan = nice; Ana = my friend; Luis =
Pamplonase (from Pamplona); The answer = yes.
The attribute can appear as an adjective [ Luisa is beautiful ], a noun phrase (preceded or not by a
preposition) [ Luisa is an architect ][ Luisa is from Valladolid ], a pronoun [ That book is mine ], an
adverb, a subordinate clause [ Pedro and Alba are the ones who worked in the mine ].
Sometimes copulative verbs do not have an attribute ; In those cases the sentence is not attributive
(since there is no identity between the subject and another complement of the verb). So the verb "ser"
is equivalent to happening or existing and "estar" is equivalent to finding oneself or finding oneself in a
place .
For example: The assembly was at your house ( in your house it is a CC); Carmen is in Barcelona ( in
Barcelona it is a Lugar CC); The concert will be this afternoon (this afternoon = CC); Alfredo is in
Móstoles (in Móstoles = CC); Felipe looks like his grandfather (his grandfather = CI).
The verb is predicative (it is the nucleus of the predicate) and the predicate is verbal (PV).
How do you recognize the attribute in a sentence?

- The verb of the predicate is copulative or semi-pulative. There is an identification between the
subject and the attribute
- It can be pronominalized by " lo ." Carmen is my sister (Carmen is ); Jaime seems bored (Jaime
seems bored ); Your hands are frozen (Your hands are ). It happens with copulative verbs, not with
semipulative ones.
The following complements of the verb can never appear in the predicate nominal (PN): direct object
(CD), predicative complement (C.Pvo.), governed prepositional complement or supplement (Supl),
agent complement (C.Ag.). Yes, it can take circumstantial complements (CC) and, sometimes, indirect
complements (IC).
» The Verbal Predicate
The nucleus is the verb. Provides significant information to the subject ( Toni bought a car ; Diego
reads the newspaper ; The defender was late for the ball ...). It can be accompanied by verbal
complements:
- Direct complement (CD)
- Indirect complement (IC)
- Circumstantial complement (CC)
- Predictive Complement (C.Pvo.)
- Ruled Prepositional Supplement or Complement (Suppl.)
- Agent Complement (C.Ag.)
> The direct complement
It is a noun phrase that many verbs need to complete their meaning and be able to construct the verbal
predicate. Laughing has a complete meaning ( I laugh has a complete meaning);
but bring not: I bring is incomplete; It needs a direct object ( CD ) that expresses what is brought: I
bring the sandwiches .
0 Naturally, the CD can be a pronoun ( Bring me that ; I bring it ).
0 Those that require a CD are called transitive verbs : bring, display, drive, buy, carry, deliver , etc.
And intransitives are those that do not need that complement (they can have others): reside, pale, be
born, grow , etc.
Sometimes a transitive verb is constructed without CD, but this one exists: this is proven by the fact
that we can ask about it:
We will eat at two. - What are we going to eat? - We will eat chicken (CD).
E The CD can be preceded by a preposition or without it. It goes with the preposition when its nucleus
is a person's name: I have seen Sara . And it goes without it when the name is something: I've already
seen that movie . But a person's name will go without a when it is not well individualized: I am looking
for an employee (as opposed to I am looking for an employee ). In turn, the a can precede names of
things, when they are direct objects of a verb that usually takes a person object: He treats his
motorcycle with care .
0 Any CD can be replaced by the pronouns lo, la, los, las : He treats her with care .
> The indirect object
It expresses the person, animal or thing that receives the benefit or harm of the verbal action and
consists of an NP preceded by the preposition a . It can be switched to le or les .
0 The complements introduced by the preposition para are not CI (since they cannot be switched by le
or les ), but CC ( I gave it for that ) or CN ( dog food ).
0 We already know the pronouns that can be CI, with or without a preposition: He drew attention to
those ; It caught their attention . (We will insist on the pronouns lo, la, shortly.) Sometimes, in the
sentence the CI appears twice: it is performed by a name and a personal pronoun that reproduces said
name: I told Gabriel to come soon .
0 Both intransitive and transitive verbs can take CI; These will also bring their CD: Alicia told [the film]
[ to her brothers ] .
How to distinguish the CD from the IC ?

As you already know, the CD can be switched by the pronouns lo, la, los or las ; the IC, for him or her .
Since the indirect object takes the preposition a , and the direct object sometimes takes it,
distinguishing them can be difficult. Here is a criterion to recognize them:
0 Pronominalization . If the CD is replaced by a personal pronoun, this varies depending on the gender:
Miró a Pablo - He looked at him . He looked at Teresa - He looked at her .
On the other hand, when replacing a CI with a pronoun, it is invariant in gender (always le or les ): He
gave the package to Pablo (or Teresa) - He gave him the package.
0 Transformation into passive sentence. When we talk about the passive voice, we will see another
criterion to recognize the direct object: The CD of a sentence with a verb in the active voice becomes
the patient subject of that sentence with a verb in the passive voice. The IQ, on the other hand,
remains unchanged. For example:
- Andrés gave the bouquet of flowers to the winner of the contest .
SUJ CD IC
- The bouquet of flowers was given by Andrés to the winner of the contest .
SUJ PAC c. Ag. IC
3rd person personal pronouns such as CD and CI
Let's see what the original uses of 3rd person personal pronouns are:
the He looked at him (Pablo). He looked at them.
Like CD (the) He looked at her (at Inés). He looked at them .
the I gave them a kiss. I gave
him I gave him (Pablo) a kiss .
As I.C.
(them) I gave her (Teresa) a kiss . them a kiss .
Let's now look at some uses that differ from these:
E Leismo . In many places, le is used as CD, and Le vi (Lucas) is said instead of Lo vi .
This use is acceptable when we refer to masculine names of persons in the singular (as in the
example). But it is incorrect if these names are plural or if we refer to feminine names of persons or
names of animals or objects. It is incorrect: Madam, I have not called you ; I haven't seen my dog in a
while; I have already read that book .
> Laism . In certain places, la is used as feminine CI, and it is said I told the truth to Lola , instead of
Le telling (to her). This usage is always incorrect.
> Loism . Absolutely vulgar and incorrect is the use of what as CI: He lent him the skates , instead of
He lent him the skates .
> The circumstantial complement
Express circumstances of the action. Let's see it with a multiple example: Raquel looked ( out of the
window ) (place), ( for a long time ) (time), ( with dissimulation ) (manner), ( out of curiosity )
(cause), ( with the binoculars ) (instrument) .
All verbs (including copulative ones, as we saw) can take one or more circumstantial complements (CC).
> Supplement (Regulated prepositional complement or Regime Complement )
The Supplement (Supl) is a noun phrase introduced by a preposition that some verbs need in order to
form the predicate. Let's look at these sentences:
We speak English . We talk at night . We talk about cinema .
- In the first sentence, we have a CD: We speak English - We speak it .
- In the second, there is a CC of time: at night ; This can be replaced by an adverb: We spoke then .
- In the third, the cinema phrase cannot be replaced either by the pronoun lo (CD), or by an adverb: it
could be replaced by of it , of that (that is, a prepositional phrase formed by the preposition used, here
of , more a pronoun). This type of verbal complement, built with a preposition and absolutely necessary
so that the verb it complements can function in the sentence, is the supplement .
Let's compare these two sentences:

I remember that town and I remember that town .
Let's note that, in the first case, we can say I remember it .
However, in the second case, we would have to say I remember him .
There are many verbs that can take a supplement , but pronominal verbs stand out (that is, those that
are always accompanied by a pronoun: remember, complain, mock , etc.). The supplement can go with
various prepositions (consists of... ; I count on... ;
protest for...; invites you to dinner ...
> The predicative complement
Here is another element of the verbal predicate. Let's start with this example: The athletes arrived
exhausted .
The adjective exhausted , on the one hand, complements the verb (it seems like a complement of
manner: it tells us how the athletes arrived: exhausted ). But, on the other hand, it is related to the
subject ( The athletes ) and agrees with it in gender and number, like the attribute adjective in a
sentence like The athletes are exhausted .
We are, therefore, facing a "hybrid" of complement of the verb and attribute . It is called the
predicative complement (C.Pvo.). Here are other examples:
He was calm ; She was calm ; They were calm .
The predicative object of the direct object

Let's start with two examples:
The father called the son a charlatan . The father called the daughters charlatans .
In both cases, the adjective refers, at the same time, to the verb ( what he called it) and to the direct
object (agrees in gender and number with it). It is called the predicative complement of the direct
object (C.Pvo. CD).
0 Verbs such as choose, name, find, consider, judge, declare and others take this type of complement.
For example:
They have elected Juan as delegate . - They have elected him delegate .
They have appointed Marta as director . - They have appointed her director .
They declared the accused innocent . - They declared him innocent .
When we say only predicative complement we are referring to the one that affects the subject and the
verb.
Confusion with CC Mode and Attribute .

- It looks like an attribute, but it is not since it accompanies a predicative verb.
Antonio returned tired; It is similar to Antonio was tired , but the verb return is not copulative.
Antonio returned calm ; It is similar to Antonio returned calmly . The first is an adjective that agrees
with the subject; The second is an adverb - invariable word -.
> The agent plugin
It is a noun phrase normally introduced by the preposition for , which determines who has done what
the action expressed by the verb in the passive voice indicates:
Passive voice: The player (Subject Patient) was sanctioned (verb in passive voice) by the referee
(C.Ag.) Active voice: The referee (Subject) sanctioned (verb in active voice) the player (CD).
A sentence is in the passive voice when the subject receives the action of the verb. In that case, the
executor of the action is in the predicate: the agent complement.
The sentence in the example above is an analytic passive sentence. We can, sometimes, transform it
into a reflex passive using the pronoun "se".
The book was found in poor condition (by its owner).

The book was found in poor condition.
We have added "se" (IPR; reflex passive indicator) and have put the verb in the active voice (found). The
sentence remains passive - the book continues to perform the action. It is usually used when it does not
matter who performs the action - the agent plugin does not appear.
CLASSES OF PREDICATE
nominal predicate verbal predicate
Nucleus : Predicative Accessories
verb
(copulative verb) The Transitive CD : Transitive verbs need it.
copula Sentence . The Without preposition or introduced by a .
The Intransitive
+ The Replaceable by lo, la, los, las.
Sentence . IC : Receives the benefit or damage of the action.
attribute
The Introduced by a .
The Replaceable by him , them .
CC : Expresses various circumstances.
Supl : Some verbs need it to be used.
He always begins with a preposition.
CPvo : It complements the verb, like a CC of manner (but it
is not an adverb) or an attribute (but the verb is not
copulative), and agrees with the subject.
CPvo de CD : It complements the verb and the CD with
which it agrees.
c. Ag : Indicates who does what the verb expresses in the
passive voice.
The Active Prayer .

The Passive sentence .
Simple sentence exercises
(solved exercises)
1. Write the syntactic function performed by the underlined words.
The students listened attentively to the teacher's words.

Carlos landed tired from the plane trip.
Your sister was tired from the effort.
These notes are from my partner .
The father was petrified by the news.
My sister is from San Fernando .
ANSWER.
The students listened attentively to the teacher's words.

c. Predicative
Carlos landed tired from the plane trip.
C Predictive
Your sister was tired from the effort.
Attribute
These notes are from my partner .
Attribute
The father was petrified by the news.
Attribute (semi-pulative verb)
My sister is from San Fernando .
Attribute
2. Indicates the syntactic function of the indicated phrase.
The player will be sanctioned by the committee

The accused was declared innocent
I remember that town
I remember that town with emotion
I gave Teresa a kiss
Raquel looked diagonally at the article
I told Pablo the truth in good conscience .
I told Gabriel to come soon
What are we going to eat for ?
That practical girl is from La Manga
The chair was glued this morning by Luis
I bring you the sandwiches on your behalf. Your brother was walking
calmly down the street
He proposed a truce to his mother
He nervously answered the teacher's questions
I quite like to tease
Alicia told the movie to her brothers
We'll see you later at your house
We will trust Luis once again despite his betrayal
We see him very young
ANSWER
The player will be sanctioned by the committee

Agent Plugin
The accused was declared innocent
c. d.
I remember that town
Supplement or Regulated Prepositional Complement
I remember that town with emotion
c. c.
I gave Teresa a kiss
c. YO.
Raquel looked diagonally at the article
c. c.
I told Pablo the truth in good conscience .
c. c.
I told Gabriel to come soon
c. YO.
What are we going to eat for ?
c. c.
That practical girl is from La Manga
Attribute
The chair was glued this morning by Luis
Agent Plugin
I bring you the sandwiches on your behalf.
c. d.
Your brother was walking calmly down the street
c. Predicative
He proposed a truce to his mother
c. YO.
He nervously answered the teacher's questions
Predictive Complement
I quite like to tease
Subject
Alicia told the movie to her brothers
c. YO.
We'll see you later at your house
c. d.
We will trust Luis once again despite his betrayal
Supplement or Regulated Prepositional Complement
We see him very young
C.CD Pred
3. Classify each sentence according to the nature of the predicate.
The children are happy.

The book was interesting.
The speech was read by the president in Parliament.
The doctors operated on their patients.
Isabel was awarded by the school.
The sun dazzled the children from the sky.
The car skidded on the curve.
He listened carefully to the instructions before the exam.
The policeman was very smart.
They expelled all the drunks from the dance hall.
They slowly arrived at the square at five.
They bought their nephews candy.
The logs were removed yesterday by soldiers.
The rain soaked the cyclists very badly.
The team arrived at the stadium excited.
The director was in the office.
He arrived happy with his new brother.
They have given him a trip in a contest.
He seemed sad.
They took refuge under the arcades.
Your silence is alarming.
I want those books.
The dog barked.
Cigarettes harm your health.
That spectacle was impressive.
There are plenty of those opinions here.
I lost a pencil.
Yesterday he ate a lot.
Knowledge does not take place.
We will buy these books.
The best racing cars have great power.
Great discoveries help man.
He lost his smile.
My mother's white hands are beautiful.
The wooden table has many marks.
We met María's cousin.
We appreciated the visit of the whole family.
The most convenient fruits are those in season.
Modern machines help man.
The film was seen by María in the cinema.
The students gave gifts to the teacher on his farewell.
Pedro was seen by us the other day.
The kite quickly disappeared into the trees.
The coordinator gave the instructions to those responsible.
Juan was fined.
Pedro seems very upset.
The food looks delicious.
My father got up nervous.
We left the children asleep.
This watch is plastic.
I was awarded for my attitude.
The regulation ball is in the box.
His friends were shaken on the subway.
I always eat soup with a spoon.
We are sad.
In the morning, the wind blew furiously.
The janitor delivered the package to the neighbor this morning.
The table is big.
The children arrived hungry.
Ana's dress is clean.
I was baptized in 1974.
Enrique is a famous lawyer.
The tourists returned satisfied.
The protest was supported by the entire population.
My aunt is very tired.
He received the applause from the balcony with pleasure.
He went to the cinema many times.
The tourists were welcomed by the stewardess.
The insects are on display.
Pedro Rodríguez was a very nervous man.
The girl looked absorbed at the window.
The girl's voice lost its tone of serenity.
My sisters will be back from hunting soon.
Three figures crossed the meadow.
Suddenly, he screamed at the top of his lungs.
Every Saturday Monica plays basketball.
My neighbor has a beautiful dog.
Yesterday María was at Julieta's house.
This morning a falcon landed on the roof.
Carmen and Paloma traveled to Egypt.
I'll wait for you at the theater.
The boys ran away.
Don't come home so late.
You and Celia will go to the park.
A lot of dogs harassed Pedro Pérez.
The host greeted his guests kindly.
All the animals on the farm became sick at the same time.
A few minutes later, the sun came out again.
Ana is a flight attendant.
My teacher has been replaced due to her illness.
ANSWER
The children are happy.

YOU Predicative Active Intransitive
The book was interesting.
YOU Attributive (semi-pulative verb)
The speech was read by the president in Parliament.
YOU Predictive Passive Analytic
The doctors operated on their patients.
YOU Predictive Active Transitive
Isabel was awarded by the school.
The sun dazzled the children from the sky.
The car skidded on the curve.
He listened carefully to the instructions before the exam.
The policeman was very smart.
YOU Attributive
They expelled all the drunks from the dance hall.
They slowly arrived at the square at five.
They bought their nephews candy.
The logs were removed yesterday by soldiers.
The rain soaked the cyclists very badly.
The team arrived at the stadium excited.
The director was in the office.
YOU Predicative Active Intransitive (has no attribute)
He arrived happy with his new brother.
They have given him a trip in a contest.
He seemed sad.
YOU Attributive
They took refuge under the arcades.
Your silence is alarming.
YOU Attributive
I want those books.
The dog barked.
Cigarettes harm your health.
That spectacle was impressive.
YOU Attributive
There are plenty of those opinions here.
I lost a pencil.
Yesterday he ate a lot.
Knowledge does not take place.
We will buy these books.
The best racing cars have great power.
Great discoveries help man.
He lost his smile.
My mother's white hands are beautiful.
YOU Attributive
The wooden table has many marks.
We met María's cousin.
We appreciated the visit of the whole family.
The most convenient fruits are those in season.
YOU Attributive
Modern machines help man.
The film was seen by María in the cinema.
The students gave gifts to the teacher on his farewell.
Pedro was seen by us the other day.
The kite quickly disappeared into the trees.
The coordinator gave the instructions to those responsible.
Juan was fined.
YOU Attributive
Pedro seems very upset.
YOU Attributive
The food looks delicious.
YOU Attributive
My father got up nervous.
We left the children asleep.
This watch is plastic.
YOU Attributive
I was awarded for my attitude.
The regulation ball is in the box.
YOU Predicative Active Intransitive (has no attribute)
His friends were shaken on the subway.
I always eat soup with a spoon.
We are sad.
YOU Attributive
In the morning, the wind blew furiously.
The janitor delivered the package to the neighbor this morning.
The table is big.
YOU Attributive
The children arrived hungry.
Ana's dress is clean.
I was baptized in 1974.
Enrique is a famous lawyer.
YOU Attributive
The tourists returned satisfied.
The protest was supported by the entire population.
My aunt is very tired.
YOU Attributive
He received the applause from the balcony with pleasure.
He went to the cinema many times.
The tourists were welcomed by the stewardess.
The insects are on display.
Pedro Rodríguez was a very nervous man.
YOU Attributive
The girl looked absorbed at the window.
The girl's voice lost its tone of serenity.
My sisters will be back from hunting soon.
Three figures crossed the meadow.
Suddenly, he screamed at the top of his lungs.
Every Saturday Monica plays basketball.
My neighbor has a beautiful dog.
Yesterday María was at Julieta's house.
This morning a falcon landed on the roof.
Carmen and Paloma traveled to Egypt.
I'll wait for you at the theater.
The boys ran away.
Don't come home so late.
You and Celia will go to the park.
A lot of dogs harassed Pedro Pérez.
The host greeted his guests kindly.
All the animals on the farm became sick at the same time.
A few minutes later, the sun rose again.
Ana is a flight attendant.
YOU Attributive
My teacher has been replaced due to her illness.
Analysis of simple sentences
(50 exercises solved)
Parse the following sentences.
1. The children are happy.

2. The book was interesting.
3. The speech was read by the president in Parliament.
4. The doctors operated on their patients.
5. The policeman was very smart.
6. We found the window of your house broken.
7. He listened carefully to the instructions before the exam.
8. They expelled all the drunks from the dance hall.
9. They bought their nephews candy.
10. A few minutes later, the sun rose again.
11. Pedro Rodríguez was a very nervous man.
12. My teacher has been replaced due to her illness.
13. This house was abandoned two thousand years ago.
14. David settled for a sandwich.
15. My brother Esteban was sick on Monday.
16. Carlos always complains about bad luck in games.
17. The Martian arrived very tired on his planet.
18. Is Toby the class pet?
19. Andrés fell in love with Luis's sister.
20. It is never washed.
21. Your brother and mine met on the subway.
22. The doctor forbade it forever.
23. Luis wiped his hands with your towel.
24. They sell a lot in that store.
25. Where did I lose my subscription?
26. We appreciated the visit of the whole family.
27. Excellent wine is extracted from the vineyards of La Rioja.
28. Yesterday it was quite cold in the entire northern area.
29. I always rebel against injustice.
30. I am very interested in your professional future.
31. Over the years you have become grumpy.
32. This child has responded to us.
33. The lack of qualified labor has made strawberry harvesting difficult.
34. Casillas played injured throughout the first half.
35. The agents will inform you with more details of all the procedures.
36. Carlos forgot the keys to the beach apartment at home.
37. What can one do in such dangerous situations?
38. Luis gave him a letter.
39. Luis handed it to him.
40. Luis washes himself.
41. Luis washes his hands.
42. Luis and Luisa greet each other.
43. Luis and Luisa write letters to each other.
44. Those houses are sold.
45. The truth will be known soon.
46. Luis complained about his grades.
47. You eat well in this restaurant.
48. You and Pedro didn't give your mother a kiss.
49. We arrived very tired from the trip.
50. We settled for a frugal dinner .
ANSWER
1
The children are happy
Det NN C.Pvo
SN–Suj SV–PV
YOU Predicative Active Intransitive / Enunciative Affirmative
2
The book was interesting
Det N cop Attribute
SN–Suj SV–PN
YOU Attributive (semi-pulative verb) [resultó = era]
3
The simple prayer............................................................................................................................................................2
" SUBJECT...........................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE.....................................................................................................................................................2
7 The Nominal Predicate......................................................................................................................................2
How do you recognize the attribute in a sentence?..............................................................................................3
» The Verbal Predicate.........................................................................................................................................3
> The direct complement......................................................................................................................................3
> The indirect object.............................................................................................................................................4
> The circumstantial complement....................................................................................................................5
> Supplement (Regulated prepositional complement or Regime Complement ).............................................5
> The predicative complement.............................................................................................................................6
> The agent plugin................................................................................................................................................6
Simple sentence exercises................................................................................................................................................8
1. Write the syntactic function performed by the underlined words.................................................................8
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................8
2. Indicates the syntactic function of the indicated phrase................................................................................8
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................9
3. Classify each sentence according to the nature of the predicate...................................................................9
ANSWER...........................................................................................................................................................12
Analysis of simple sentences.........................................................................................................................................16
Parse the following sentences.............................................................................................................................16
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5..............................................................................................................................................................................20
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impersonal sentences.....................................................................................................................................................52
1 .- THE DOUBLE CONCEPT OF IMPERSONALITY..............................................................................52
2 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SEMANTIC......................................................................................52
3 .- IMPERSONAL SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC..................................................................................52
4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC....................................................................................52
1 .- THE DOUBLE CONCEPT OF IMPERSONALITY.....................................................................................53
1.1. - SYNTACTIC IMPERSONALITY.......................................................................................................53
Only sentences with zero subjects are syntactic impersonal :............................................................................53
1.2. - SEMANTIC IMPERSONALITY.........................................................................................................53
2 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SEMANTIC.............................................................................................54
3 .- IMPERSONAL SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC.........................................................................................54
4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC...........................................................................................56
CD.......................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:...................................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES..............................................................................................................................................................58
4.- Explain the phenomena of incorrectness that exist in the sentences:............................................................58
The compound sentence................................................................................................................................................60
» COORDINATED COMPOUND SENTENCES.............................................................................................60
> Copulative........................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial..................................................................................................................................................61
» SUBORDINATED COMPOUND SENTENCES...........................................................................................66
> Noun................................................................................................................................................................66
- Direct complement :.........................................................................................................................................67
- Indirect compliment :..................................................................................................................................67
- Attribute :....................................................................................................................................................67
- C.Reg. o Supplement :.................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :..............................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective..........................................................................................................................................................72
- " The river where we bathed was polluted "................................................................................................73
- " This is the student whose exercises you corrected yesterday "................................................................73
> Adverbial.........................................................................................................................................................74
2. OF LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP................................................................................................................74
SOME FREQUENT CONFUSIONS.................................................................................................................75
1. Final – Causal..............................................................................................................................................75
2. Causal – Consecutive..................................................................................................................................76
- " Do it as they explained to you in class "........................................................................................................76
- " If you listen carefully to the story, tomorrow I will tell you the whole story "........................................77
2. Compound sentences exercises..................................................................................................................................78
Classify the following 217 compound sentences................................................................................................78
Indicate whether the "that" in the following sentences are relative pronouns or not. Point out, if applicable, the
antecedent...........................................................................................................................................................87
Analysis of compound sentences...................................................................................................................................88
Analyze the following compound sentences......................................................................................................88
The one who came this morning was my brother Det N..................................................................................1
(I) I'm afraid it will rain this afternoon Det N......................................................................................................6
7................................................................................................................................................................................6
8................................................................................................................................................................................6
9..............................................................................................................................................................................10
10................................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain..............................................................................................................................................11
(I) I explained to him the place where the treasure was.....................................................................................11
I live where (they) are cutting down the trees....................................................................................................11
14................................................................................................................................................................................15
15................................................................................................................................................................................15
(They) will treat you as (you) treat others,.........................................................................................................15
This is the house where Chopin was born nx–CC N N..................................................................................16
17................................................................................................................................................................................16
18............................................................................................................................................................................16
19................................................................................................................................................................................16
A lot of rain is beneficial N DC......................................................................................................................20
21................................................................................................................................................................................20
22............................................................................................................................................................................20
23............................................................................................................................................................................20
24............................................................................................................................................................................20
26................................................................................................................................................................................25
27............................................................................................................................................................................29
28............................................................................................................................................................................29
It's a splendid day so Paco and I will go to the beach......................................................................................30
31................................................................................................................................................................................30
32................................................................................................................................................................................30
33................................................................................................................................................................................34
34................................................................................................................................................................................34
(I) I'm not staying for the game tonight because (I) am very tired.....................................................................35
37................................................................................................................................................................................35
38................................................................................................................................................................................39

5
I The policeman was very smart
C.Adj N
Det N cóp SAdj–Attribute
SN–Suj SV–PN
YOU Attributive
6
(We found broken the window of your house
E Det N
Det N SN-CN
N N C.Pvo of CD SN-CD
SN-Suj SV-PV
YOU Predictive Active Transitive / Affirmative declarative
7
(He) Listened attentively to the instructions before the exam] of-the
E+Det N
Det N N SN–C.Adv
N N C.Pred SN–CD SAdv–CC
SN–Suj SV–PV
YOU Predictive Active transitive
8
(They) expelled all the drunks from the dance hall
IN
E Det Det N E Det N SN–CN
" SUBJECT...........................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE.....................................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin................................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER...........................................................................................................................................................12
2..............................................................................................................................................................................16
3..............................................................................................................................................................................17
5..............................................................................................................................................................................20
6..............................................................................................................................................................................20
7..............................................................................................................................................................................21
8..............................................................................................................................................................................21
12............................................................................................................................................................................24
14............................................................................................................................................................................28
15............................................................................................................................................................................28
16............................................................................................................................................................................28
17............................................................................................................................................................................32
18............................................................................................................................................................................32
19............................................................................................................................................................................32
20............................................................................................................................................................................33
21............................................................................................................................................................................33
22............................................................................................................................................................................33
23............................................................................................................................................................................33
24............................................................................................................................................................................33
25............................................................................................................................................................................33
26............................................................................................................................................................................33
27............................................................................................................................................................................34
28............................................................................................................................................................................34
29............................................................................................................................................................................34
30............................................................................................................................................................................34
31............................................................................................................................................................................34
32............................................................................................................................................................................34
33............................................................................................................................................................................34
35............................................................................................................................................................................38
36............................................................................................................................................................................39
37............................................................................................................................................................................39
38............................................................................................................................................................................42
39............................................................................................................................................................................42
40............................................................................................................................................................................43
42............................................................................................................................................................................43
44............................................................................................................................................................................47
45............................................................................................................................................................................47
46............................................................................................................................................................................47
47............................................................................................................................................................................47
48............................................................................................................................................................................47
49............................................................................................................................................................................51
50............................................................................................................................................................................51
CD.......................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:...................................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES..............................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative........................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial..................................................................................................................................................61
> Noun................................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :....................................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :..............................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective..........................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial.........................................................................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal..............................................................................................................................................75
antecedent...........................................................................................................................................................87
7................................................................................................................................................................................6
8................................................................................................................................................................................6
9..............................................................................................................................................................................10
10................................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain..............................................................................................................................................11
14................................................................................................................................................................................15
15................................................................................................................................................................................15
17................................................................................................................................................................................16
18............................................................................................................................................................................16
19................................................................................................................................................................................16
21................................................................................................................................................................................20
22............................................................................................................................................................................20
23............................................................................................................................................................................20
24............................................................................................................................................................................20
26................................................................................................................................................................................25
27............................................................................................................................................................................29
28............................................................................................................................................................................29
31................................................................................................................................................................................30
32................................................................................................................................................................................30
33................................................................................................................................................................................34
34................................................................................................................................................................................34
37................................................................................................................................................................................35
38................................................................................................................................................................................39
N cop SN–Attribute
SN–Suj SV–PN
YOU Attributive
12
My teacher has been replaced due to her illness
" SUBJECT...........................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE.....................................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin................................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER...........................................................................................................................................................12
2..............................................................................................................................................................................16
3..............................................................................................................................................................................17
5..............................................................................................................................................................................20
6..............................................................................................................................................................................20
7..............................................................................................................................................................................21
8..............................................................................................................................................................................21
12............................................................................................................................................................................24
14............................................................................................................................................................................28
15............................................................................................................................................................................28
16............................................................................................................................................................................28
17............................................................................................................................................................................32
18............................................................................................................................................................................32
19............................................................................................................................................................................32
20............................................................................................................................................................................33
21............................................................................................................................................................................33
22............................................................................................................................................................................33
23............................................................................................................................................................................33
24............................................................................................................................................................................33
25............................................................................................................................................................................33
26............................................................................................................................................................................33
27............................................................................................................................................................................34
28............................................................................................................................................................................34
29............................................................................................................................................................................34
30............................................................................................................................................................................34
31............................................................................................................................................................................34
32............................................................................................................................................................................34
33............................................................................................................................................................................34
35............................................................................................................................................................................38
36............................................................................................................................................................................39
37............................................................................................................................................................................39
38............................................................................................................................................................................42
39............................................................................................................................................................................42
40............................................................................................................................................................................43
42............................................................................................................................................................................43
44............................................................................................................................................................................47
45............................................................................................................................................................................47
46............................................................................................................................................................................47
47............................................................................................................................................................................47
48............................................................................................................................................................................47
49............................................................................................................................................................................51
50............................................................................................................................................................................51
CD.......................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:...................................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES..............................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative........................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial..................................................................................................................................................61
> Noun................................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :....................................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :..............................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective..........................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial.........................................................................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal..............................................................................................................................................75
antecedent...........................................................................................................................................................87
7................................................................................................................................................................................6
8................................................................................................................................................................................6
9..............................................................................................................................................................................10
10................................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain..............................................................................................................................................11
14................................................................................................................................................................................15
15................................................................................................................................................................................15
17................................................................................................................................................................................16
18............................................................................................................................................................................16
19................................................................................................................................................................................16
21................................................................................................................................................................................20
22............................................................................................................................................................................20
23............................................................................................................................................................................20
24............................................................................................................................................................................20
26................................................................................................................................................................................25
27............................................................................................................................................................................29
28............................................................................................................................................................................29
31................................................................................................................................................................................30
32................................................................................................................................................................................30
33................................................................................................................................................................................34
34................................................................................................................................................................................34
37................................................................................................................................................................................35
38................................................................................................................................................................................39
YOU Predictive Passive Reflective / Enunciative Affirmative

*se= IPR (Passive Reflex Indicator)
14
David settled for a sandwich
E Det N
N N SN–Supplement
SN–Suj SV–PV
15
My brother Esteban was sick on Monday
N Det N
Det N SN–CN cop S.Adj-Atrib SN–CC
SN–Suj SV–PN
YOU Attributive / Enunciative Affirmative
16
Carlos always complains about the bad luck in the matches
" SUBJECT...........................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE.....................................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin................................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER...........................................................................................................................................................12
2..............................................................................................................................................................................16
3..............................................................................................................................................................................17
5..............................................................................................................................................................................20
6..............................................................................................................................................................................20
7..............................................................................................................................................................................21
8..............................................................................................................................................................................21
12............................................................................................................................................................................24
14............................................................................................................................................................................28
15............................................................................................................................................................................28
16............................................................................................................................................................................28
17............................................................................................................................................................................32
18............................................................................................................................................................................32
19............................................................................................................................................................................32
20............................................................................................................................................................................33
21............................................................................................................................................................................33
22............................................................................................................................................................................33
23............................................................................................................................................................................33
24............................................................................................................................................................................33
25............................................................................................................................................................................33
26............................................................................................................................................................................33
27............................................................................................................................................................................34
28............................................................................................................................................................................34
29............................................................................................................................................................................34
30............................................................................................................................................................................34
31............................................................................................................................................................................34
32............................................................................................................................................................................34
33............................................................................................................................................................................34
35............................................................................................................................................................................38
36............................................................................................................................................................................39
37............................................................................................................................................................................39
38............................................................................................................................................................................42
39............................................................................................................................................................................42
40............................................................................................................................................................................43
42............................................................................................................................................................................43
44............................................................................................................................................................................47
45............................................................................................................................................................................47
46............................................................................................................................................................................47
47............................................................................................................................................................................47
48............................................................................................................................................................................47
49............................................................................................................................................................................51
50............................................................................................................................................................................51
CD.......................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:...................................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES..............................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative........................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial..................................................................................................................................................61
> Noun................................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :....................................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :..............................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective..........................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial.........................................................................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal..............................................................................................................................................75
antecedent...........................................................................................................................................................87
7................................................................................................................................................................................6
8................................................................................................................................................................................6
9..............................................................................................................................................................................10
10................................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain..............................................................................................................................................11
14................................................................................................................................................................................15
15................................................................................................................................................................................15
17................................................................................................................................................................................16
18............................................................................................................................................................................16
19................................................................................................................................................................................16
21................................................................................................................................................................................20
22............................................................................................................................................................................20
23............................................................................................................................................................................20
24............................................................................................................................................................................20
26................................................................................................................................................................................25
27............................................................................................................................................................................29
28............................................................................................................................................................................29
31................................................................................................................................................................................30
32................................................................................................................................................................................30
33................................................................................................................................................................................34
34................................................................................................................................................................................34
37................................................................................................................................................................................35
38................................................................................................................................................................................39

17
The Martian arrived very tired on his planet
C.Adj N E Det N
Det N N S.Adj–C.Pvo SN–CC
SN–Suj SV–PV
18
Is Toby the class pet?
E Det N
Det N SN–CN
cop N SN–Attribute
SV–PN SN–Suj SV–PN
YOU Attributive / Direct Interrogative Total
Interrogative sentences are direct (they have question marks) or indirect. They are also total (when the
response expected by the sender is yes or no) and partial (when the expected response is different from yes or no).
19
Andrés fell in love with Luis's sister
IN
E Det N SN–CN
N N SN–Suppl
SN–Suj SV–PV
The pronoun "se " functions inseparably from the verb; It is the pronominal verb "to fall in love." Verb different from "fall in
love."
20
(He) It is never washed
N N e g * CD N DC
M o d
SN–Suj SV–PV
YOU Predicative Active Transitive Reflexive / Enunciative Negative
The adverb of negation ―no‖ functions as a Negative Sentence Modifier (Mod. Neg.) since it modifies the complete meaning
of prayer.
21
Your brother and mine they met in the subway
Det N Det N E Det N
SN–N E SN–N SN-CD N SN–CC
SN–Suj SV–PV
YOU Predicative Active Transitive Reciprocal / Enunciative Affirmative
The pronoun "se " works as a Direct Object and indicates reciprocity in the action: Your brother finds mine +
My brother finds yours.
22
He doctor it banned forever
Det N SN-CI SN-CD N DC
SN–Suj SV–PV
YOU Predictive Active Transitive / Enunciative Affirmative
The pronoun "se " functions as an Indirect Object; replaces "le". "The doctor banned him from that forever." For
avoid cacophony (The doctor forbade it) "le" becomes "se."
23
Luis wiped his hands with your towel
Det N E Det N
N SN-CI N SN–CD SN–CC
SN–Suj SV–PV
YOU Predictive Active Transitive Reflexive / Enunciative Affirmative
The pronoun "se " works as an Indirect Object because "the hands" is the Direct Object. If we omit "the
hands", it would "be" transferred to CD.
24
They sell a lot in that store
E Det N
II* N DC SN–CC
SV–PV
YOU Predicative Active Intransitive Impersonal / Enunciative Affirmative
The pronoun "se " functions as an indicator of reflexive passive. If we omit it the sentence becomes active: "Someone
"He sells a lot in that store." The reflex passive is formed with the active verb (in front we place the pronoun "se"). In
In these cases the agent plugin does not appear
25
(Me) Where did I lose my subscription?
Det N
N DC N SN–CD
SN–Suj SV–PV
YOU Predictive Active Transitive / Interrogative Direct Partial
26
(We) We appreciated the visit of the whole family
E Det Det N
Det N SN-CN
N N SN-CD
SN-Suj SV-PV
YOU Predictive Active Transitive / Enunciative Affirmative
27
An excellent wine is extracted from the vineyards of La Rioja E N
E Det N SN-CN
SN-CC IPR N Det N C.N.
SV-PV SN-Suj Pac
YOU Predictive Passive Reflective / Enunciative Affirmative
The pronoun "se " functions as an indicator of reflexive passive. If we omit it the sentence becomes active: "Someone
extracts an excellent wine from the vineyards of La Rioja". The reflex passive is formed with the active verb (in front we
place the
pronoun "se"). In these cases the agent plugin does not appear.
28
Yesterday it was quite cold throughout the area north
Det NE Det Det N CN-Apposition
S.Adv-CC N SN-CD SN-CC
SV-PV
YOU Predicative Active Transitive Impersonal / Enunciative Affirmative
The word "quite " works as an indefinite determinative adjective since it determines a noun. also can
function as an adverb "You like it quite a lot" and as a pronoun "I want enough (food, money)". They are similar
cases of: more, a lot, little and less.
29
I always rebel against injustice
E Det N
N N S.Adv-CC SN-Supl
SN-Suj SV-PV
The pronoun "me " is part of the verb (rebelar). It agrees with the verb in number and person and you cannot say "I
He always rebels to us...".
30
I your professional future is very interesting
SN-CI N S.Adv-CC Det N C.N.
SN-SV SN-Suj
The pronoun "me " is not part of the verb; does not agree with him. You can say "You/We/You are very interested...".
31
Over the years you have become a grump (You)
E Det N Det N
SN-CC N SN-Attr N
SV-PN SN-Suj
YOU Attributive / Enunciative Affirmative
The verb “to become ” functions as a semi-pulative. It is equivalent to ―you are‖ , it loses its value of ―return = return‖ .
32
This child has responded to us
Det N OF cop S.Adj-Atrib
SN-Suj SV-PV
YOU Attributive / Affirmative declarative
The pronoun "us " has an ethical dative function: a simple emphatic function, it does not provide any information (=―This
child has
came out responded ‖ )
33
The lack of hand construction site qualified has made it
difficult to collect the strawberry
" SUBJECT...........................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE.....................................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin................................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER...........................................................................................................................................................12
2..............................................................................................................................................................................16
3..............................................................................................................................................................................17
5..............................................................................................................................................................................20
6..............................................................................................................................................................................20
7..............................................................................................................................................................................21
8..............................................................................................................................................................................21
12............................................................................................................................................................................24
14............................................................................................................................................................................28
15............................................................................................................................................................................28
16............................................................................................................................................................................28
17............................................................................................................................................................................32
18............................................................................................................................................................................32
19............................................................................................................................................................................32
20............................................................................................................................................................................33
21............................................................................................................................................................................33
22............................................................................................................................................................................33
23............................................................................................................................................................................33
24............................................................................................................................................................................33
25............................................................................................................................................................................33
26............................................................................................................................................................................33
27............................................................................................................................................................................34
28............................................................................................................................................................................34
29............................................................................................................................................................................34
30............................................................................................................................................................................34
31............................................................................................................................................................................34
32............................................................................................................................................................................34
33............................................................................................................................................................................34
35............................................................................................................................................................................38
36............................................................................................................................................................................39
37............................................................................................................................................................................39
38............................................................................................................................................................................42
39............................................................................................................................................................................42
40............................................................................................................................................................................43
42............................................................................................................................................................................43
44............................................................................................................................................................................47
45............................................................................................................................................................................47
46............................................................................................................................................................................47
47............................................................................................................................................................................47
48............................................................................................................................................................................47
49............................................................................................................................................................................51
50............................................................................................................................................................................51
CD.......................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:...................................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES..............................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative........................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial..................................................................................................................................................61
> Noun................................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :....................................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :..............................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective..........................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial.........................................................................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal..............................................................................................................................................75
antecedent...........................................................................................................................................................87
7................................................................................................................................................................................6
8................................................................................................................................................................................6
9..............................................................................................................................................................................10
10................................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain..............................................................................................................................................11
14................................................................................................................................................................................15
15................................................................................................................................................................................15
17................................................................................................................................................................................16
18............................................................................................................................................................................16
19................................................................................................................................................................................16
21................................................................................................................................................................................20
22............................................................................................................................................................................20
23............................................................................................................................................................................20
24............................................................................................................................................................................20
26................................................................................................................................................................................25
27............................................................................................................................................................................29
28............................................................................................................................................................................29
31................................................................................................................................................................................30
32................................................................................................................................................................................30
33................................................................................................................................................................................34
34................................................................................................................................................................................34
37................................................................................................................................................................................35
38................................................................................................................................................................................39

The adjective “difficult ” with the Predicative Complement function of CD becomes essential in the sentence (if we delete it
Meaningless). This need occurs in this complement when it complements the information on the CD and not when it is
of Subject.
34
Boxes juice injured all first part
Det Det Det N
N N C.Pvo SN-CC
SN-Suj SV-PV
The adjective “injured ” with the function of Subject Predictive Complement is not essential. Compare with the previous
example.
35
The agents will inform you with further details of all the formalities
ANDDet N E Det Det N
Det N SN-CD N SN-CC SN-Supplement
SN-Suj SV-PV
We see that the simultaneous presence of CD and Supl is compatible. Likewise, admitted leism appears (―le ‖ = CD).
36
Carlos forgot the keys to the beach apartment at home
E Det N
IN IN e+det N SN-CN
SN-CI N SN-CI N SN-CC Det N SN-CN
SV-PV SN-Suj
YOU Predicative Active Intransitive / Affirmative declarative
37
What can one do in such dangerous situations?
" SUBJECT...........................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE.....................................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin................................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER...........................................................................................................................................................12
2..............................................................................................................................................................................16
3..............................................................................................................................................................................17
5..............................................................................................................................................................................20
6..............................................................................................................................................................................20
7..............................................................................................................................................................................21
8..............................................................................................................................................................................21
12............................................................................................................................................................................24
14............................................................................................................................................................................28
15............................................................................................................................................................................28
16............................................................................................................................................................................28
17............................................................................................................................................................................32
18............................................................................................................................................................................32
19............................................................................................................................................................................32
20............................................................................................................................................................................33
21............................................................................................................................................................................33
22............................................................................................................................................................................33
23............................................................................................................................................................................33
24............................................................................................................................................................................33
25............................................................................................................................................................................33
26............................................................................................................................................................................33
27............................................................................................................................................................................34
28............................................................................................................................................................................34
29............................................................................................................................................................................34
30............................................................................................................................................................................34
31............................................................................................................................................................................34
32............................................................................................................................................................................34
33............................................................................................................................................................................34
35............................................................................................................................................................................38
36............................................................................................................................................................................39
37............................................................................................................................................................................39
38............................................................................................................................................................................42
39............................................................................................................................................................................42
40............................................................................................................................................................................43
42............................................................................................................................................................................43
44............................................................................................................................................................................47
45............................................................................................................................................................................47
46............................................................................................................................................................................47
47............................................................................................................................................................................47
48............................................................................................................................................................................47
49............................................................................................................................................................................51
50............................................................................................................................................................................51
CD.......................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:...................................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES..............................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative........................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial..................................................................................................................................................61
> Noun................................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :....................................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :..............................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective..........................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial.........................................................................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal..............................................................................................................................................75
antecedent...........................................................................................................................................................87
7................................................................................................................................................................................6
8................................................................................................................................................................................6
9..............................................................................................................................................................................10
10................................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain..............................................................................................................................................11
14................................................................................................................................................................................15
15................................................................................................................................................................................15
17................................................................................................................................................................................16
18............................................................................................................................................................................16
19................................................................................................................................................................................16
21................................................................................................................................................................................20
22............................................................................................................................................................................20
23............................................................................................................................................................................20
24............................................................................................................................................................................20
26................................................................................................................................................................................25
27............................................................................................................................................................................29
28............................................................................................................................................................................29
31................................................................................................................................................................................30
32................................................................................................................................................................................30
33................................................................................................................................................................................34
34................................................................................................................................................................................34
37................................................................................................................................................................................35
38................................................................................................................................................................................39
YOU Predictive Active Transitive / Interrogative Direct Partial
38
Luis gave him a letter
Det N
N SN-CI N SN-CD
SN-SUJ SV-PV
39
Luis theHe delivered
N SN-CI SN-CD N
SN-SUJ SV-PV
40
Luis wash
N SN-CD N
SN-SUJ SV-PV
YOU Predictive Active Transitive Reflexive
41
Luis washes his hands
Det N
N SN-CI N SN-CD
SN-SUJ SV-PV
YOU Predictive Active Transitive Reflexive
In reflexive sentences the reflexive pronoun, in this case "se", acts as CD in sentence 40. In sentence 41
acts as IC because the CD is specified "hands".
42
Luis and Luisa they greet
N nx N SN-CD N
" SUBJECT...........................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE.....................................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin................................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER.............................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER...........................................................................................................................................................12
2..............................................................................................................................................................................16
3..............................................................................................................................................................................17
5..............................................................................................................................................................................20
6..............................................................................................................................................................................20
7..............................................................................................................................................................................21
8..............................................................................................................................................................................21
12............................................................................................................................................................................24
14............................................................................................................................................................................28
15............................................................................................................................................................................28
16............................................................................................................................................................................28
17............................................................................................................................................................................32
18............................................................................................................................................................................32
19............................................................................................................................................................................32
20............................................................................................................................................................................33
21............................................................................................................................................................................33
22............................................................................................................................................................................33
23............................................................................................................................................................................33
24............................................................................................................................................................................33
25............................................................................................................................................................................33
26............................................................................................................................................................................33
27............................................................................................................................................................................34
28............................................................................................................................................................................34
29............................................................................................................................................................................34
30............................................................................................................................................................................34
31............................................................................................................................................................................34
32............................................................................................................................................................................34
33............................................................................................................................................................................34
35............................................................................................................................................................................38
36............................................................................................................................................................................39
37............................................................................................................................................................................39
38............................................................................................................................................................................42
39............................................................................................................................................................................42
40............................................................................................................................................................................43
42............................................................................................................................................................................43
44............................................................................................................................................................................47
45............................................................................................................................................................................47
46............................................................................................................................................................................47
47............................................................................................................................................................................47
48............................................................................................................................................................................47
49............................................................................................................................................................................51
50............................................................................................................................................................................51
CD.......................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:...................................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES..............................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative........................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial..................................................................................................................................................61
> Noun................................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :....................................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :..............................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective..........................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial.........................................................................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal..............................................................................................................................................75
antecedent...........................................................................................................................................................87
7................................................................................................................................................................................6
8................................................................................................................................................................................6
9..............................................................................................................................................................................10
10................................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain..............................................................................................................................................11
14................................................................................................................................................................................15
15................................................................................................................................................................................15
17................................................................................................................................................................................16
18............................................................................................................................................................................16
19................................................................................................................................................................................16
21................................................................................................................................................................................20
22............................................................................................................................................................................20
23............................................................................................................................................................................20
24............................................................................................................................................................................20
26................................................................................................................................................................................25
27............................................................................................................................................................................29
28............................................................................................................................................................................29
31................................................................................................................................................................................30
32................................................................................................................................................................................30
33................................................................................................................................................................................34
34................................................................................................................................................................................34
37................................................................................................................................................................................35
38................................................................................................................................................................................39
YOU Predicative Active Transitive Reciprocal

In the same way as in reflective sentences, if we do not specify the CD This function is carried out by the reciprocal pronoun
"se"
(sentence 42), but if we include the CD "letters", the reciprocal pronoun becomes CI
44
Those houses are sold
1 .PR N Det N
SV-PV SN-SUJ
YOU Predictive Passive Reflective
This sentence cannot be impersonal because the verb would have to be singular (3rd person) and here it is plural, since
agrees with "those houses."
45
The truth will be known soon
Det N IPR N DC
SN-SUJ PAC SV-PV
YOU Predictive Passive Reflective
46
Luis complained about his grades E Det N
N N SN-Supl
SN-SUJ SV-PV
47
You eat well in this restaurant
E Det N
1.1. N CC SN-CC
SV-PV
YOU Predicative Active Intransitive Impersonal
48
Pedro and you you didn't give hima kiss to your mother
The simple prayer 2
" SUBJECT 2
» PREDICATE 2
7 The Nominal Predicate 2
How do you recognize the attribute in a sentence? 3
» The Verbal Predicate 3
> The direct complement 3
> The indirect object 4
> The circumstantial complement 5
> Supplement (Regulated prepositional complement or Regime Complement ) 5
> The predicative complement 6
> The agent plugin 6
Simple sentence exercises 8
1. Write the syntactic function performed by the underlined words. 8
ANSWER. 8
2. Indicates the syntactic function of the indicated phrase. 8
ANSWER 9
3. Classify each sentence according to the nature of the predicate. 9
ANSWER 12
Analysis of simple sentences 16
Parse the following sentences. 16
2 16
3 17
5 20
6 20
7 21
8 21
12 24
14 28
15 28
16 28
17 32
18 32
19 32
20 33
21 33
22 33
23 33
24 33
25 33
26 33
27 34
28 34
29 34
30 34
31 34
32 34
33 34
35 38
36 39
37 39
38 42
39 42
40 43
42 43
44 47
45 47
46 47
47 47
48 47
49 51
50 51
impersonal sentences 52
1 .- THE DOUBLE CONCEPT OF IMPERSONALITY 52
2 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SEMANTIC 52
3 .- IMPERSONAL SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC 52
4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC 52
1 .- THE DOUBLE CONCEPT OF IMPERSONALITY 53
1.1. - SYNTACTIC IMPERSONALITY 53
Only sentences with zero subjects are syntactic impersonal : 53
1.2. - SEMANTIC IMPERSONALITY 53
2 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SEMANTIC 54
3 .- IMPERSONAL SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC 54
4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC 56
CD 56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS: 57
EXERCISES 58
4.- Explain the phenomena of incorrectness that exist in the sentences: 58
The compound sentence 60
» COORDINATED COMPOUND SENTENCES 60
> Copulative 60
> Adversarial 61
» SUBORDINATED COMPOUND SENTENCES 66
> Noun 66
- Direct complement : 67
- Indirect compliment : 67
- Attribute : 67
- C.Reg. o Supplement : 67
- Agent Plugin : 67
> Adjective 72
- " The river where we bathed was polluted " 73
- " This is the student whose exercises you corrected yesterday " 73
> Adverbial 74
2. OF LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP 74
SOME FREQUENT CONFUSIONS 75
1. Final – Causal 75
2. Causal – Consecutive 76
- " Do it as they explained to you in class " 76
- " If you listen carefully to the story, tomorrow I will tell you the whole story " 77
2. Compound sentences exercises 78
Classify the following 217 compound sentences. 78
antecedent. 87
Analysis of compound sentences 88
Analyze the following compound sentences. 88
The one who came this morning was my brother Det N 1
(I) I'm afraid it will rain this afternoon Det N 6
7 6
8 6
9 10
10 14
(He) Sings for rain 11
(I) I explained to him the place where the treasure was 11
I live where (they) are cutting down the trees 11
14 15
15 15
(They) will treat you as (you) treat others, 15
This is the house where Chopin was born nx–CC N N 16
17 16
18 16
19 16
A lot of rain is beneficial N DC 20
21 20
22 20
23 20
24 20
26 25
27 29
28 29
It's a splendid day so Paco and I will go to the beach 30
31 30
32 30
33 34
34 34
(I) I'm not staying for the game tonight because (I) am very tired 35
37 35
38 39
YOU Predicative Active Transitive / Enunciative Negative

49
(We) We arrived very tired from the trip E+Det N
C.Adj N SN-CN
N N S.Adj-C.Pvo
SN-SUJ SV-PV
50
(We) settle for a frugal dinner
E Det N CN
N N SN-Supl
SN-SUJ SV-PV
impersonal sentences
Francisco Javier López Balda
(Head of the Language Area of the Retamar School)
1 .- THE DOUBLE CONCEPT OF IMPERSONALITY

1.1. - Syntactic impersonality
1.2. - Semantic impersonality
2 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SEMANTIC

2.1. - Reflex passives
2.2. - Passive without agent complement
2.3. - Impersonal with second person singular
2.4. - Impersonal with a / one
3 .- IMPERSONAL SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC

3.1. - Impersonal eventuals with 3rd plural
3.2. - Impersonal with
3.3. - Impersonality with infinitives
3.4. - Impersonality with gerunds
4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC

4.1. - Meteorological and natural phenomenon verbs
4.2. - To have
4.3. - Do
4.4. - Be
4.5. - Other verbs
BIBLIOGRAPHY: GÓMEZ TORREGO, L. : Grammatical impersonality: description and norm , Arco Libros,
Madrid, 1992
1 .- THE DOUBLE CONCEPT OF IMPERSONALITY
1.1. - SYNTACTIC IMPERSONALITY
Strictly speaking, an impersonal sentence is a sentence that has no grammatical subject

(only consists of syntagma verbal).
Ex : It's raining , It's hot , It's night , There are apples in the fridge ...
We must distinguish between zero subject and tacit or implicit subject :
a.- Subject zero (f) does not exist. In the sentence it is not lexically recoverable
(through a name or pronoun) nor is it detectable through referential relationships.
b.- The tacit subject is lexically recoverable (it is implicit in the verbal ending) or it
is deducible from the context.
Only sentences with zero subjects are syntactic impersonal :
Ex.: It is snowing in the mountains : it is an impersonal syntactic sentence, since

there is no subject nor does it make sense to ask about the agent of the action.
Ex.: They knock on the door : in this sentence (impersonal semantic and
syntactic) neither the agent of the action is indicated nor the subject is
recoverable (if we put " they " we obtain a sentence with a different meaning).
Ex.: We are waiting for the players: omitted subject " we " (it is not
impersonal).
1.2. - SEMANTIC IMPERSONALITY
Semantically impersonal sentences are characterized by hiding the agent or actor of the
verbal action. This concealment is due to the nonexistence of the subject, indeterminacy,
generalization or concealment.
Ex.: The news will soon be known: there is a grammatical subject ( the news ),
but the agent of the action is hidden.
Ex: In these cases, one does not know what to do .
There are cases of only semantic impersonality (e.g.: In this world, if you don't cry you
don't suck ), others of only syntactic impersonality (e.g.: Here it smells like roses ), and others
in which both types of impersonality occur (e.g. .: In Spain you live well ).
2 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SEMANTIC
2.1. - REFLECTED PASSIVES: they are passive sentences that are characterized by having
the verb in the active voice with the grammaticalized particle SE (it is not a pronoun), by
having a grammatical subject and not having an agent.
Ex.: At the meeting matters of interest will be discussed (will be discussed).
Patient subject
It is not approved by the standard for these constructions to have an agent complement.
If this happens we can no longer speak of impersonality:
Ex.: The President's next appearance before journalists will be announced by the
Government spokesperson .
At colloquial levels, in these passive constructions the reflective SE particle can cover
up an " I " or " we ":
Ex: Thank you for your help ; What is owed?
2.2. - PASSIVES WITHOUT AGENT COMPLEMENT: Passive sentences with SER that do not
have an express agent complement are also semantically impersonal because they have a
generalizing or indeterminate nature:
Ex.: The body will be buried at five in the afternoon.
2.3. - IMPERSONAL WITH THE SECOND PERSON SINGULAR: sometimes, the 2nd p. of the
singular does not refer to a specific interlocutor, but to an indeterminate or generalized
referent, or to a determined referent, but different from " you " (it usually covers the " I " of
the issuer):
a.- generalizing referent: (sender and receiver can be integrated into the referent)
Ex.: Here, if (you) don't wake up , no one is going to help you.
b.- covert referent: (" you " for an " I ")
Ex.: Today I have one of those days when you don't know what to do .
2.4. - IMPERSONAL WITH ONE/ONE : in certain constructions with the indefinite ONE/ONE
we can also speak of semantic impersonality due to generalization or indeterminacy. They are
usually equivalent to the impersonal SE :
Ex.: When one looks at the sun, one becomes blind .

Sometimes, it tries to cover up an "I":
Ex.: It's just that one knows how to get it together.
(Admits the feminine, but not the plural!)
3 .- IMPERSONAL SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC
3.1. - IMPERSONAL EVENTUALS WITH 3RD PERSON OF THE PLURAL : in some contexts,
the 3rd person of the plural is a mark of impersonality. This occurs when the sentence lacks a
grammatical subject (subject zero) to indicate that the agent of the action is unknown.
Ex: There is a knock at the door (who?); They say that gasoline will
rise; They pushed me in the street
3.2. - IMPERSONAL WITH SE : they are sentences that carry an impersonality mark (
SE ), have a zero subject and an agent that is either non-referential or generalized:
Ex: The new representatives have already been chosen .
c. straight
They should not be confused with the passive reflexes: The new representatives have
already been chosen .
patient subject
This type of impersonal occurs with:
a.- intransitive verbs: You live well in Spain.

b.- copulative verbs with subject attribute f: One is happy sometimes.
c.- transitive verbs and CD with ― a ‖ : The leader was received with applause.
From a regulatory point of view, some aspects must be specified:
- It is incorrect to use this type of sentences with c. agent:

Ex.:* The injured were helped by the Civil Guard.
- Important problems arise from the crossings between reflexive passives with a
non-animated grammatical subject and impersonal ones with SE and CD with ―
to ‖ :
Ex: Yesterday the news came out .
The news came out yesterday .(?)
Ex.: The new representatives were met yesterday.
*The new representatives were met yesterday.
Let's analyze the case of The news came out yesterday . Some consider these
sentences grammatical. Although the Academy recommends concerted constructions, it is
nevertheless worth specifying the following:
- When the SN that follows the verb is not determined, the degree of
ungrammaticality is lower: Ex.: Apartments are sold , languages are spoken ...
- If the SN is determined, the ungrammaticality is greater:
Ex .: *What apartments are sold?;* Two rooms for rent.
3.3. - IMPERSONALITY WITH INFINITIVES : in sentences that have a subordinate infinitive

proposition, the following cases may occur:
a.- That the subject of the subordinate is tacit, but coincides with that of the main:
Ex: I prefer to explain it to you .
b.- That the subject of the infinitive is irrecoverable (zero). In these cases we talk
about syntactically and semantically impersonal infinitive propositions:
Ex.: It is advisable to help others (subject f)
subject
It is also legal to speak of impersonality in cases in which the infinitive is an

independent verb with a conative value: Ex.: Turn to the right
3.4. - IMPERSONALITY WITH GERUNDS: occurs when impersonality is projected from the
main proposition to the subordinate gerund:
Ex.: (f) By working hard, you can go far.
Ex.: By working hard (you), you can go far (personal)
4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC
4.1. - WITH METEOROLOGICAL AND NATURAL PHENOMENA VERBS : they are sentences
whose nuclei of the predicate are the unipersonal verbs: rain, thunder, hail, snow, sunset,
dawn?, cloud? ...
Some of these verbs do admit grammatical subjects in metaphorical uses (e.g.: criticism
rained down on him ) or metonymic (e.g.: we woke up in Paris ).
4.2. - HABER : the verb HABER can function as an auxiliary of compound tenses and verbal
periphrases, or as a main verb. With this last value it is unipersonal and forms impersonal
sentences:
Ex.: There were parties in the town.
CD
Ex.: There are ten km to Madrid.
Ex: There will always be someone who loves you.
It is common to feel the CD as subject and make it agree with the verb in number and
person. These concordances must be avoided:
Ex.: * There have been many spectators.
Ex.: * There were only five people there.
4.3. - DO : also used as a unipersonal verb with NP that have climatological or temporal
significance:
Ex: It's cold ; Yesterday it was forty degrees ; I haven't seen you in twenty
years .
4.4. - SER (unipersonal uses): impersonality with SER is manifested in two types of
constructions:
a.- with attributes: Ex.: It's Friday; It's noon.
b.- with periphrastic structures, that is, constructions that present a first emphatic
component + SER verb + relative proposition (with a subject that does not
coincide with the emphatic element):
Ex: I visited Juan Juan was the one I visited.
I visited Juan and Pedro It was Juan and Pedro that I visited.
Ex.: Your eyes are what I admire.
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:
- TRY TO BE (pronominal and unipersonal verb)

Ex.: These are important players for the team.
(Do not confuse it with the non-pronominal verb TREAT )
- MISSING / EXTRACTION + FROM + ALL/NOTHING
Ex: Nothing is missing here
- BASTAR / LEAVE / BE WELL + complement introduced by CON :
Ex: That amount is enough for me.
- BE ENOUGH / BE ENOUGH:
Ex: Ten sessions are enough .
- PUT / SAY:
Ex.: Here it says that you cannot smoke.
- HAPPEN / OCCUR / HAPPEN + OF + EVERYTHING/SOMETHING :
Ex: Anything can happen today
- SMELL :
Ex.: This room smells bad.
EXERCISES
1 .- Fifty people can be served / Fifty people can be served
2 .- Two new players are going to be hired / Two new players are going to be hired...
3 .- Cases of semantic and syntactic impersonality should be distinguished:
1 .- Tomorrow the Government statement will be announced

2 .- Juan was baptized in his town
3 .- They fail me in mathematics every year
4 .- I entered the house and it was very dark
5 .- When you get into doctors, you never know when you are going to finish
6 .- Hello, how are we doing, boy?
7 .- Yesterday it was snowing all day in the mountains
8 .- I think that a thousand pesetas is enough
9 .- It's thirty degrees warm
10 .- It is already night, and you should not walk on the street at that time
11 .- Sometimes things are said that one does not know how to interpret
12 .- I have more than enough with these lights
13 .- We will never know why the accident occurred
14 .- You cannot say: "I will not drink this water"
15 .- How bad it is like this!
16 .- Topics of interest will be discussed at the meeting
17 .- Sometimes this arm hurts
18 .- Sometimes it hurts in this arm
4.- Explain the phenomena of incorrectness that exist in the sentences:
1 .- Tell yourself the differences between these two sentences

2 .- It will take approximately two weeks to arrive
3 .- I think that today it can reach forty degrees
4 .- The children were placed in the upstairs rooms
5 .- Soon we will have to leave this country
6 .- Anyone who does not wear a seat belt will be fined by the Civil Guard
7 .- Soon there may begin to be problems with traffic
8 .- They are trying to hide important data
9 .- It is not advisable to sleep less than eight hours a day
10 .- You should not sleep less than eight hours a day
11 .- The teacher let us study in class
Juxtaposed (independent sentences, with complete meaning, separated by commas from each other)(In the process of extinction) E : I came, I saw. I won
a Copulative (and, e. neither. nor, that, in addition to, together with, in E.: Lian studies Law and Ana works in a pharmacy.
• Coordinated E.: We played very well but we lost the game.
(PI - P2) addition to,...) b Adversarial (more, but, however, however, but,...)
E.: Or Viennese you stay
The PCs have full meaning separately - they are at the same c Disjunctives (either, or, or )
E.: Some of you play soccer, others do schoolwork .
grammatical level - They are joined by a conjunction that modifies in a d. Distributive (already. . now, well... well, be it... be it, now or now,...)
certain way the content of the coordinated sentences, e. Explanatory (that is, that is, this is,...) E.: He made a move, that is, he took the bull.
'of Subject E.: I am worried that you study a lot.

Direct Complement (CD) E : Andrés thinks that Carlos was right.
to Nouns
It performs the function of a noun. Complement of the name (CN) of E.: We are convinced that you will volunteer.
It can usually be replaced by "that", "those things" Attribute E.: Lian is biting.
9rve the conjunction that.
Complement of an adjective (C Adj) E.: I was sure we would win the contest.
Complement Agent (C Ag) (from relative nouns)
b. Relative adjectival Specifications

It performs the function of an adjective: to qualify a noun. This name is called antecedent (select the antecedent from among E.:B man who is sitting is his father.
Link service: the group to which it belongs)
- relative pronouns that. which(it is), who(of person).
- relative adverbs where, how, when. Explanatory
- the pronoun whose (a/os/as), which acts as a relative-possessive. (can be omitted without altering the meaning 5 B player, who was tired, left the sentence)
{ - It serves to place the main action in time: it can be prior (before), posterior
Prayer
* Subordinates of time (after) or simultaneity (during).
E.: Sit whenever you want,
Composite (PP-PS) Links: when, while (that), before (that), since , at the same time that. after
(that), until , as, whenever,...
There is a relationship of
subordination or
relational , Indicates the place related to the main action Indicates: situation 4
dependence of one with circumstantial of place (where), direction (where), origin (from where) and course
E.: Sit wherever you want
respect to the other. The (where). Links where -eon or without preposition—
PS performs a
grammatical function - It informs about the way to carry out the main action . Links such as,
so according to, according to,... E.: Sit however you want
within the PP,
- There is a comparison with the PP. That relationship is one of superiority
E.: He's smarter than Javier.
(more than, more., of); equality (as/so much... as/how much, the same as,...);
c. Adverbials , Comparisons» E: They are ready as I thought.
inferiority (less., than). E.: It's less clumsy than
(they have the function of an adverb)!
yesterday.
Express the reason why the PP occurs. Links because, since , since , well,
how, E.: I'm leaving because it's
raining.
- - The PS is a consequence of the PP It is inverted with the causal Nexos
Consecutive /| therefore , therefore, therefore, in such a way/so much... that, so that... E.: I think, therefore I am.
logical
relationship 1- It poses a difficulty to compliance with the PP.
Concessive - Links although - not substitutable with but - despite the fact that, even E.: I won even though I was sick
though,...
- Formulates a condition for the main action Nexos s to be fulfilled, provided
Conditionals- that. whenever , with that, provided that ...
E.: I will stay if you help me
■- Explains why the main action Nexos is carried out so that, for, in order
Finals that, in order that...
E.: I will flirt to have fun
© NicolásChazarra. 2005. Retamar School

The compound sentence
A sentence is compound (or complex) when it has more than two verbs in the personal form.
In the sentence:
- " This book was given to me yesterday by Andrés but I had already read it "
We find two verbs in the personal form " gave " and " had read ." Each of them has its own subject and complements
(we call each structure a proposition ) and an element (called nexus ) that relates both parts " but " which is usually a
conjunction.
Depending on the link and the relationship between the two propositions, we will say that there are three types of
compound sentences:
- juxtaposed : those that do not have connections.
Example: "I came, I saw, I conquered . "
- coordinated : those whose propositions have the same syntactic level.
Example: " Ana is a journalist and Carlos studies architecture ."
- subordinated : those in which one is part (is subordinated) to another (called main proposition). Example: " Luis
arrived when the party was over ."
» COORDINATED COMPOUND SENTENCES

Both propositions have the same syntactic level and are joined together by a link.
There are five types of coordinated sentences:
> Copulative
Those that express sum, addition.
Links: and, e, nor, in addition to, together with , etc.
Examples:
"Marta studies in the living room and Carlos works in the dining room."
"They went for a walk at dusk and started returning two hours later."
"I haven't seen that movie nor do I want to"
"The boys created the story and invented some characters."
"They neither read the book nor did the exercises."
"My parents, in addition to visiting you in the hospital, toured the city's attractions."
To analyze it syntactically we will do it as follows:
We locate the verbs of the sentence. We identify the two propositions and the link that unites
them. We syntactically analyze each proposition separately (each one has its subject, verb and
complements).
The following example serves as a summary:
Ana is journalist and Carlos study architecture
N N
N cop SN–Attribute N N SN-CD
SN–Suj SV–PN SN–Suj SV–PV
Proposition 1 nexus Proposition 2
OC Coordinated Adversarial / Affirmative Enunciative P1: Attributive / P2: Predicative Active Transitive
> Adversarial
They express two propositions that express opposition, adversity.
Links: but, however, however, except, except, but ...
Examples:
"We arrived at your house early, however, your sister had already left."
"I finished the exercises on time, but I forgot them at home."
"The exam is failed, however, the approach to the exercises is correct."
"They invited him, but he didn't go."
"I didn't fail, but I passed with a good grade."
> Dilemma
You must choose one of the two options presented, as they are exclusive.
Links: or, u, or either .
Examples:
"Give him ten euros or return the package."
"You must leave immediately or you won't make it to the concert on time."
"I lost the money or forgot to take it before leaving"
"Either you pay the debt or I claim it judicially"
"They didn't buy the sheets or they forgot to bring them."
"Do you want a coffee or would you prefer a tea?"
> Explanatory
The second proposition clarifies or explains the first.
Links: that is, that is, this is .
Examples:
"They are young actresses, that is, they have no experience."
"They have evergreen leaves, that is, they do not lose them during the winter."
"You should pay more interest, that is, listen carefully."
> Distributive
Indicates an alternation of actions.
Links: now... now; sometimes...others; Ora Ora; these... those , etc.
Examples:
"Now he laughs madly, now he cries inconsolably."
"Sometimes we go to this park, other times we go up that hillside."
"It's cold here, it's hot there."
"Some guys work in this workshop, others work in another company."
When the link is not a conjunction (it is a pronoun, adverb, etc.), in addition to the link function, it
has another function in the proposition in which it is found. Let's see it with an example:
Some guys work in this workshop , others do it in another company.
The simple prayer......................................................................................................................................................2
" SUBJECT.....................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE................................................................................................................................................2
7 The Nominal Predicate................................................................................................................................2
How do you recognize the attribute in a sentence?.........................................................................................3
» The Verbal Predicate....................................................................................................................................3
> The direct complement................................................................................................................................3
> The indirect object.......................................................................................................................................4
> The circumstantial complement...............................................................................................................5
> Supplement (Regulated prepositional complement or Regime Complement ).......................................5
> The predicative complement........................................................................................................................6
> The agent plugin..........................................................................................................................................6
Simple sentence exercises..........................................................................................................................................8
1. Write the syntactic function performed by the underlined words...........................................................8
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................8
2. Indicates the syntactic function of the indicated phrase..........................................................................8
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................9
3. Classify each sentence according to the nature of the predicate.............................................................9
ANSWER......................................................................................................................................................12
Analysis of simple sentences...................................................................................................................................16
Parse the following sentences.......................................................................................................................16
2........................................................................................................................................................................16
3........................................................................................................................................................................17
5........................................................................................................................................................................20
6........................................................................................................................................................................20
7........................................................................................................................................................................21
8........................................................................................................................................................................21
12......................................................................................................................................................................24
14......................................................................................................................................................................28
15......................................................................................................................................................................28
16......................................................................................................................................................................28
17......................................................................................................................................................................32
18......................................................................................................................................................................32
19......................................................................................................................................................................32
20......................................................................................................................................................................33
21......................................................................................................................................................................33
22......................................................................................................................................................................33
23......................................................................................................................................................................33
24......................................................................................................................................................................33
25......................................................................................................................................................................33
26......................................................................................................................................................................33
27......................................................................................................................................................................34
28......................................................................................................................................................................34
29......................................................................................................................................................................34
30......................................................................................................................................................................34
31......................................................................................................................................................................34
32......................................................................................................................................................................34
33......................................................................................................................................................................34
35......................................................................................................................................................................38
36......................................................................................................................................................................39
37......................................................................................................................................................................39
38......................................................................................................................................................................42
39......................................................................................................................................................................42
40......................................................................................................................................................................43
42......................................................................................................................................................................43
44......................................................................................................................................................................47
45......................................................................................................................................................................47
46......................................................................................................................................................................47
47......................................................................................................................................................................47
48......................................................................................................................................................................47
49......................................................................................................................................................................51
50......................................................................................................................................................................51
impersonal sentences...............................................................................................................................................52
1 .- THE DOUBLE CONCEPT OF IMPERSONALITY........................................................................52
2 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SEMANTIC................................................................................52
3 .- IMPERSONAL SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC............................................................................52
4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC..............................................................................52
1 .- THE DOUBLE CONCEPT OF IMPERSONALITY................................................................................53
1.1. - SYNTACTIC IMPERSONALITY..................................................................................................53
Only sentences with zero subjects are syntactic impersonal :......................................................................53
1.2. - SEMANTIC IMPERSONALITY....................................................................................................53
2 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SEMANTIC........................................................................................54
3 .- IMPERSONAL SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC...................................................................................54
4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC......................................................................................56
CD.................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:.............................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES.........................................................................................................................................................58
4.- Explain the phenomena of incorrectness that exist in the sentences:......................................................58
The compound sentence...........................................................................................................................................60
» COORDINATED COMPOUND SENTENCES.......................................................................................60
> Copulative..................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial.............................................................................................................................................61
» SUBORDINATED COMPOUND SENTENCES.....................................................................................66
> Noun..........................................................................................................................................................66
- Direct complement :...................................................................................................................................67
- Indirect compliment :.............................................................................................................................67
- Attribute :...............................................................................................................................................67
- C.Reg. o Supplement :...........................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :........................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective....................................................................................................................................................72
- " The river where we bathed was polluted "..........................................................................................73
- " This is the student whose exercises you corrected yesterday "...........................................................73
> Adverbial...................................................................................................................................................74
2. OF LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP..........................................................................................................74
SOME FREQUENT CONFUSIONS...........................................................................................................75
1. Final – Causal........................................................................................................................................75
2. Causal – Consecutive.............................................................................................................................76
- " Do it as they explained to you in class "..................................................................................................76
- " If you listen carefully to the story, tomorrow I will tell you the whole story "..................................77
2. Compound sentences exercises............................................................................................................................78
Classify the following 217 compound sentences..........................................................................................78
Indicate whether the "that" in the following sentences are relative pronouns or not. Point out, if applicable,
the antecedent................................................................................................................................................87
Analysis of compound sentences.............................................................................................................................88
Analyze the following compound sentences.................................................................................................88
The one who came this morning was my brother Det N.............................................................................1
(I) I'm afraid it will rain this afternoon Det N.................................................................................................6
7..........................................................................................................................................................................6
8..........................................................................................................................................................................6
9........................................................................................................................................................................10
10..........................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain........................................................................................................................................11
(I) I explained to him the place where the treasure was................................................................................11
I live where (they) are cutting down the trees...............................................................................................11
14..........................................................................................................................................................................15
15..........................................................................................................................................................................15
(They) will treat you as (you) treat others,...................................................................................................15
This is the house where Chopin was born nx–CC N N.............................................................................16
17..........................................................................................................................................................................16
18......................................................................................................................................................................16
19..........................................................................................................................................................................16
A lot of rain is beneficial N DC................................................................................................................20
21..........................................................................................................................................................................20
22......................................................................................................................................................................20
23......................................................................................................................................................................20
24......................................................................................................................................................................20
26..........................................................................................................................................................................25
27......................................................................................................................................................................29
28......................................................................................................................................................................29
It's a splendid day so Paco and I will go to the beach................................................................................30
31..........................................................................................................................................................................30
32..........................................................................................................................................................................30
33..........................................................................................................................................................................34
34..........................................................................................................................................................................34
(I) I'm not staying for the game tonight because (I) am very tired...............................................................35
37..........................................................................................................................................................................35
38..........................................................................................................................................................................39
Proposition 1 Proposition 2
OC Coordinated Distributive / Enunciative Affirmative
P1: Intransitive Active Predicative / P2: Transitive Active Predicative
Here we find the links:

- ones : it is an indefinite determinative adjective that functions both as a link and as a determiner that accompanies
"boys."
- others : it is an indefinite pronoun (replaces "other guys") and serves as a link and subject of Proposition 2.
» SUBORDINATED COMPOUND SENTENCES
Depending on the function it fulfills with respect to the main proposition, we classify them,
simplifying, into:
- nouns : if it performs the function of a noun phrase.
Example: "He said he wouldn't come . " Equivalent to a CD: " He said that "
- adjectives : if they accompany the noun by qualifying it.
Example: "Fix the car that broke down yesterday . " Accompany car : " Fix the broken car "
- adverbials : the proper function of an adverb, circumstantial complement.
Example: "I arrived when you had all left . " An adverb with CC function: " I arrived late "
> Noun
It has the function that an NP would have in the sentence (except Circumstantial Complement).
The links are usually:
the conjunctions : that, if (with CD function), the pronoun who, and
interrogative pronouns ( also with CD function): who, how, when, where, how much, why .
When the link is not a conjunction, it has a double function . That is, in addition to being the link
between the two propositions, it has a specific function in the subordinate proposition that contains
it.
[The subordinate proposition is the one that begins with the link, the other is the main one].
Note that we can replace the substantive subordinate clause with that (or a similar pronoun) to
find the function it performs in the main clause .
Examples of substantive subordinate compound sentences and their equivalence with the simple
sentence: Nouns of:
- Subject :
[ That is better] Let Luis play is better.
[ That 's better] plural ― Those things are better Let Luis play is better
[ You go out to rest] Those who have approved go out to rest
[I would like that ] in plural ―I would like those things‖ I would like the exam to be easy
- Direct complement :
- Indirect compliment :
[Slapped him ] He hit someone who was sleeping
- Attribute :
[Luis is tired ] Luis falls asleep standing up
[He seems wise ] He seems to know everything
[The matter is interesting ] The matter is burning
[Ana is angry ] Ana has sparks in her eyes
- C.Reg. o Supplement :
[I remember that ]
I remember you played yesterday He
[He always talks about it ]
always talks about writing a book
- Agent Plugin :
[The book was bought by him ]
[They will be delivered by him It was bought by the one we saw in the market.
] It will be delivered by the one I told you about
this morning.
- Name Complement : [I am sure of

that ] [There is no hope of that I am confident that I can trust him. There is no
] hope that they will be found today.
- Adjective Complement : [He

seems happy about it ] [He's He seems happy that you came He's tired
tired of it ] [I'm sure about it ] of me having so much work I'm sure
you'll make it
- Adverb Complement : [I walked
close to that ] [I'm far from
that ] He was close to winning the prize
I'm far from playing sports again.
This is how the syntactic analysis
would look like:
[He said that ] He said Luis should play

[He said that / He said it ] He said that Luis should play in defense
[I don't know that / I don't know ] I don't know if Luis will come
[He asked me that / He asked me He asked me where the exam was ; when will it come ; why are you
that ] like this ; how much does that tie cost ; what are you doing there ;
what will your voice be like etc.
Jorge trust in the notes HE put today
what s
Of N IP N DC
t R
nexus SN-Suj Pac SV -
PV
N N PS Substitute of Supplement
SN-Suj SV-PV
Subordinate Proposition (PS): Reflective Passive Predicative
OC Substantive Substantive of Supplement / Affirmative

Main Proposition (PP): Predicative Active Intransitive
Enunciative
I'm surprised that (you) remember that
AND
N
N N SN-CRég.
IC N Suj nexus SV-PV
SN-PV PS Subject Noun
OC Substantive Subject Noun / Affirmative Enunciative Main Proposition (PP): Predicative
Active Intransitive
Subordinate Proposition (PS): Active Predicative Intransitive
(You) Didn't tell us how much it had cost he gift

NX/CC
N Det N
SV-PV SN-Suj
N MO CI N PS CD Replace
suj SV-PV
OC Substantive Substantive of CD / Negative declarative PP: Predicative Active
Transitive
PS: Predicative Active Intransitive
Juan is looking forward to it he summer

" SUBJECT.....................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE................................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin..........................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER......................................................................................................................................................12
2........................................................................................................................................................................16
3........................................................................................................................................................................17
5........................................................................................................................................................................20
6........................................................................................................................................................................20
7........................................................................................................................................................................21
8........................................................................................................................................................................21
12......................................................................................................................................................................24
14......................................................................................................................................................................28
15......................................................................................................................................................................28
16......................................................................................................................................................................28
17......................................................................................................................................................................32
18......................................................................................................................................................................32
19......................................................................................................................................................................32
20......................................................................................................................................................................33
21......................................................................................................................................................................33
22......................................................................................................................................................................33
23......................................................................................................................................................................33
24......................................................................................................................................................................33
25......................................................................................................................................................................33
26......................................................................................................................................................................33
27......................................................................................................................................................................34
28......................................................................................................................................................................34
29......................................................................................................................................................................34
30......................................................................................................................................................................34
31......................................................................................................................................................................34
32......................................................................................................................................................................34
33......................................................................................................................................................................34
35......................................................................................................................................................................38
36......................................................................................................................................................................39
37......................................................................................................................................................................39
38......................................................................................................................................................................42
39......................................................................................................................................................................42
40......................................................................................................................................................................43
42......................................................................................................................................................................43
44......................................................................................................................................................................47
45......................................................................................................................................................................47
46......................................................................................................................................................................47
47......................................................................................................................................................................47
48......................................................................................................................................................................47
49......................................................................................................................................................................51
50......................................................................................................................................................................51
CD.................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:.............................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES.........................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative..................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial.............................................................................................................................................61
> Noun..........................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :...............................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :........................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective....................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial...................................................................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal........................................................................................................................................75
the antecedent................................................................................................................................................87
7..........................................................................................................................................................................6
8..........................................................................................................................................................................6
9........................................................................................................................................................................10
10..........................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain........................................................................................................................................11
14..........................................................................................................................................................................15
15..........................................................................................................................................................................15
17..........................................................................................................................................................................16
18......................................................................................................................................................................16
19..........................................................................................................................................................................16
21..........................................................................................................................................................................20
22......................................................................................................................................................................20
23......................................................................................................................................................................20
24......................................................................................................................................................................20
26..........................................................................................................................................................................25
27......................................................................................................................................................................29
28......................................................................................................................................................................29
31..........................................................................................................................................................................30
32..........................................................................................................................................................................30
33..........................................................................................................................................................................34
34..........................................................................................................................................................................34
37..........................................................................................................................................................................35
38..........................................................................................................................................................................39
OC Substantive Substantive of CN / Negative declarative

PP: Predicative Active Intransitive
> Adjective
It has the function that an Adjective that complements the noun in an NP would have.
Ex: The burned house / The house that burned yesterday .
The small town / The town where we met .
The links are:

- relative pronouns: that , which ( is ), who ( is ), whose ( a , os , as ).
[I read the book you left me yesterday]
[The man I greeted is French]
[These are the friends I told you about yesterday ]
- relative adverbs: ( where , when , as ).

[The river where we bathed was polluted]
[I don't remember well the day when we met ]
The name (or noun phrase) to which the link refers and which it replaces in the subordinate clause is
called antecedent. The nexus has the function, in the PS, that it would have in its antecedent
instead.
Examples of syntactic analysis:
- " I read the book you left me yesterday "
The link is the relative pronoun "that", equivalent to "which". In the subordinate clause, if we replace "that" with the
antecedent (the book), it has a direct object function ("you left me the book").
- " The man I greeted is French "

He book that I you left it read yester (I)
NX/CD IC N day
(Suj: You) SV-PV
Det N PS Adj N
SN-CD CD N DC N
SV-PV SN-Suj
OC Subordinate Adjective / Enunciative Affirmative PP: Predicative Active Transitive PS: Predicative Active Transitive
He man whom I greeted (I) is French
NX/CD N N
SV-PV SN-Suj
Det N PS Adjective cop Attribut
SN-Suj e
SV-PN
OC Subordinate Adjective / Enunciative Affirmative PP: Attributive
PS: Predicative Active Transitive
- " The river where we bathed was polluted "

The link is the relative adverb "where", equivalent to "in which". The subordinate clause would be "We bathe in the
river ." That is why the function of "where" is a circumstantial complement of place.
The river where we bathed was polluted
NX/CC CD N
SV-PV (Suj: We)
Det N PS Adjective cop Attribute
SN-Suj SV-PN
Adjective Subordinate Compound Sentence
PP: Attributive
PS: Predicative Active Transitive Reflexive
- " This is the student whose exercises you corrected yesterday "
A special case is "whose" since it does not agree with its antecedent "the student" but with the noun it accompanies
"exercises." It always has the function in the subordinate clause of the noun's complement ("the student's exercises").
This is he student whose exercises you yester (You)
corrected N
NX/CN day
SN-CD N DC N
SV-PV SN-Suj
Det N PS Adj
N cop SN-Attribute
SN-Suj SV-PN
Compound Sentence Subordinate Adjective / Enunciative Affirmative
PP: Attributive
> Adverbial
We find two groups:
- Circumstantial relationship (equivalent to a CC): time, manner and place.
- Of logical relationship between the two propositions: comparative, conditional, final, causal,
consecutive and concessive.
1. CIRCUMSTANTIAL RELATIONSHIP
Location : indicates the location where the main action takes place. It can be replaced with
adverbs of place: here, there, etc. The main link is: where (with or without a preposition).
I live where the wind turns . [I live there ]
[I headed there ]
I went to where you indicated .
[The store is over there
The store is where we walked yesterday . ]
They hit me where it hurt the most . [They gave me here ]
You have to be careful not to confuse it with, for example: The house where he lives is in
ruins , which is PS Adjective.
Mode : indicates the way in which the verbal action is developed. Replaceable by the adverb
so. Links are: as (mainly), according to, as if, in such a way that, such and as, according
to...
Do it as they told you . [Do it like this ]
He says it as if it doesn't affect him . [He says it like this ]
[I will fulfill it like
I will fulfill it as we agreed .
this ]
He built the boat according to the instructions [He built the boat like
.
In a similar way to what was seen before, the sentence: It seems as if he doesn't care , is
substantive subordinate and not adverbial.
Time : indicates the moment in which the action is performed. Links are: when , while,
before, as, after, until, while, etc. The link tells us if the action that is carried out is
before, at the same time or after the main one.
It will come while we eat . Simultaneity
He will come before we eat . Anteriority
He'll come after we eat . Posteriority
•
2. OF LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP
• Comparatives: there is a comparison relationship with what is expressed in some term of the
main proposition. That relationship can be:
- equality: The exam is as difficult as we had thought .
- of inferiority: The house is younger than it seemed .
- of superiority: Jaime knows more things than he tells .
• Conditional: imposes a condition so that what is said in the
main proposition is fulfilled. The main links are: yes, provided that, provided that, provided
that...
If you listen carefully to the story , I will give you the book.
You will come to class on condition that you behave
good .
If you do not do your homework you will not pass the evaluation.
• Finals: informs the purpose for which the main action is carried out. The links are: for (that), in
order that, in order that...
I study so that tomorrow I will be a profitable man .
I have to read this book today in order for it to fulfill my goal .
I have requested a loan to buy an apartment .
• Causal: tells us the reason why you have done something. Links are: because, since, since, as...
I failed because I didn't study .
I didn't find the books since they had been given to me
hidden .
I didn't go to class because my head hurt.
• Consecutive: shows the result of the main proposition. Links are: therefore, so, therefore,
therefore, in such a way that, so much... that, etc.
It's raining so take your umbrella .
The pitcher goes to the fountain so much that in the end it
breaks
My car is parked wrong so hurry up .
• Concessive: indicates something that has made it difficult for the main action to be carried out.
Links: although, even though, even though...
I went to class even though my head hurt .
He scored a goal even though he was well covered .
I will sign the document even if I do not agree with its content .
SOME FREQUENT CONFUSIONS
When it comes to indicating the type of compound sentence, some difficulty sometimes arises in
confusing some types with each other. The three main confusions are:
1. Final – Causal
The end of an action comes after the main action and answers the question: why?
The cause is prior to the action and you have asked yourself why?
I'm studying so they can buy me one The end comes after "the motorcycle."
motorcycle . The cause is before "they force me" .
I study because they force me .
2. Causal – Consecutive
They are "interchangeable" propositions; depending on where we put the link.
CAUSAL CONSECUTIVE
I'll bring the umbrella because it's raining . It's raining so I'll take the umbrella .
I won't go because my head hurts . My head hurts so I won't go .
3. Coordinated Adversative – Adverbial Concessive

The problem is when we use "although" as an adversative coordinate, when it is a concessive
adverbial connection.
In a coordinated sentence we give equal value to each proposition. In the subordinate clause we
emphasize one proposition over the other:
ADVERSATIVE COORDINATED
We won the game but we played CONCESIVE ADVERBIAL SUBORDINATE
badly a) We won the game even though we played
poorly .
b) We played badly even though we won .
Two messages to which we give equal In b) we focus more on the fact that we played
value. badly, and we warn that next time we may not win
again.
Analysis of some adverbial subordinate compound sentences: - " I live where the wind goes around "
(I) Alive where he wind gives the lap

Det N
Det N N SN-CD
nexus SN-Suj SV-PV
N N PS. Adv. of place
SN-Suj SV-PV
OC Subordinate Adverbial of place / Affirmative Enunciative PP: Predicative Active Intransitive
- " Do it as they explained to you in class "
(You) Do it as (they) tea they in class

explained AND N
IC N SN-CC
nexus SN-Suj SV-PV
N N CD PS Adv mode
SN-Suj SV-PV
OC Subordinate Adverbial of manner / Exhortative PP: Predicative Active Transitive
- " We'll play before it gets dark "
(Us) will play before nightfall

N
nexus SV-PV
N N PS Adv of time
SN-Suj SV-PV
OC Subordinate Adverbial of time (anteriority) Enunciative Affirmative
PS: Predicative Active Intransitive Impersonal
- " If you listen carefully to the story, tomorrow I will tell you the whole story "
(you) you listen attentive the history, N (I) tomorrow tea the I will tell
d
N N C.Pvo SN-CD N DC IC CD N
suj SV-PV suj SV-PV
P.Sub. Adv. Conditional Main Proposition
OC Subordinate Adverbial Conditional PP: Predicative Active Transitive PS: Predicative Active Transitive
A simple approach to these sentences

2. Compound sentences exercises
(solved exercises)
Classify the following 217 compound sentences.
I like the countryside, however I live in the city.

OC Coordinated Adversarial
Accept less work than you can handle.
OC Subordinate Adverbial Comparative He
tells so many lies that no one believes him.
OC Subordinate Adverbial Consecutive We
climbed to where the snow was.
OC Subordinate Adverbial of Place Stretch
out your wrinkled jacket.
OC Subordinate Adverbial Causal
Do the problem as I have explained to you.
OC Subordinate Adverbial of Manner We
arrived when the sun set.
OC Adverbial Subordinate of Time
Come down soon or I'll go up.
OC Disjunctive Coordinate
Some of you rejoice in their success; others cry bitterly.
OC Distributive Coordination
The lesson was repeated several times, that is, there is no excuse for failure.
OC Explanatory Coordinate
She will receive the prize excitedly or she will not go.
When they placed Murillo's paintings, the exhibition was ready.
OC Adverbial Subordinate of Time
He took the packages where they had indicated him in the office.
OC Adverbial Subordinate of Place
The door to the secretary's office is as you enter that hallway.
OC Adverbial Subordinate of Place
He did it as they told him at the payment window.
OC Adverbial Subordinate of Manner
It made him tired the way he thought about it at home yesterday.
OC Adverbial Subordinate of Manner
I will not collaborate in the festival since you did not tell me anything.
OC Adverbial Subordinate of Cause
I'll buy you the magazine since I have to go out later.
OC Adverbial Subordinate of Cause
He showed it in any way so as not to draw attention to it.
OC Final Adverbial Subordinate
If you do well in the meeting, I'll take you to the movies tomorrow.
OC Conditional Adverbial Subordinate
You haven't paid attention to me even though I told you.
OC Subordinate Adverbial Concessive
Since Esteban is sick we will not count on him.
It was raining yesterday; so we didn't go to the field.
OC Subordinate Adverbial Consecutive I went
to the newsstand but it was closed.
OC Coordinated adversative It is
necessary that life be respected.
OC Subordinate Noun of subject.
The teacher spoke with those who failed the exam.
OC Substantive Substantive of supplement.
I like the countryside, however, I live in the city.
OC Coordinated adversative We
need volunteers to help us.
OC Subordinate Adjective We
will go out into the street when the rain stops.
OC Adverbial subordinate of time
The function was going smoothly, but the power went out.
OC Adversarial Coordinate
Where there is a captain, there is no sailor in command.
OC Adverbial subordinate of place
Even though there is little light, I see well.
OC Subordinate Adverbial concessive I came
to the conclusion that I was alone.
OC Substantive Substantive of CN
I no longer remember when we saw each other in Paris.
OC Subordinate Noun of CD (when = CC) We know the
things he says every day.
OC Adjective Subordinate
Accept less work than you can handle.
OC Comparative Adverbial Subordinate
He reached such speed that he went off the track.
OC Consecutive Adverbial Subordinate Before
it rains I will go home.
OC Subordinate Adverbial Time
Javier, who was born in August, already weighs six kilos and six hundred grams.
Even if it's not hot we will go to the beach.
OC Concessive Adverbial Subordinate
It was raining yesterday; so we didn't go to the field.
OC Consecutive Adverbial Subordinate
The guard took out the notebook and imposed the fine.
OC Copulative Coordinate
Benito works when everyone rests.
OC Subordinate Adverbial time Sing for
rain.
OC Subordinate Final Adverbial She
didn't arrive tired nor did we see her sick.
OC Copulative Coordinate Eat as
much as they say.
OC Subordinate Comparative Adverbial Since
Esteban is sick we won't count on him.
OC Subordinate Adverbial causal If it
rains tomorrow there will be no game.
OC Subordinate Adverbial Conditional How
you treat others, they will treat you.
OC Subordinate Adverbial mode When
the river sounds, it carries water.
OC Subordinate Adverbial time He tells
as many lies as he says words.
OC Subordinate Comparative Adverbial Wake
up your brother to get up.
I remember bitterly the day when I met you.
climbed to where the snow was.
OC Subordinate Adverbial place The
students who had started studying in September passed.
This subway was not working and that one arrived late.
OC Distributive coordination
Pemán was buried in Cádiz and a monument was made for him.
They are going to fix the streets that have the most potholes.
At this moment, I happily remember the place where I met you.
OC Subordinate Adjective If you
give me the money I will go shopping.
OC Subordinate Conditional Adverbial He tells
so many lies that no one believes him.
They have recognized the criminal whom they are going to judge tomorrow.
I don't need the help you offer me.
She neither arrived tired nor did we see her sick.
OC Copulative coordination We
received the journalists, who took note of everything.
I'm sick so I won't go to school.
OC Consecutive Adverbial Subordinate Do the
problem as I have explained to you.
OC Subordinate Adverbial mode We
arrived when the sun set.
OC Subordinate Adverbial time As it was
raining, I didn't leave the house.
OC Causal Adverbial Subordinate
I tell it as it was told to me.
OC Adverbial Subordinate Mode
I'm tired of you always being late.
OC Substantive Substantive of C. Adj.
This is the door through which he escaped.
Those who are with him have given the rules that we needed.
Sara is ready to bite anyone today.
OC Subordinate Attribute Noun I will bring you
a gift whenever you invite me.
OC Conditional Adverbial Subordinate We
will do it as planned.
OC Adverbial Subordinate Mode
I'll think about it before we decide.
OC Subordinate Adverbial time I held it
as best I could.
OC Subordinate Adverbial mode The
reservoirs will not fill even if it rains all month.
If you had listened to me, that wouldn't happen to you.
OC Subordinate Conditional Adverbial The
fish we ate was fresh.
I'll wear the suit even though it's ugly.
I'm going somewhere else because it's too noisy here.
While you have snacks I'll prepare the bike.
OC Subordinate Adverbial Time
Don't close the door because it's hot.
I already read the book you gave me.
Let me tell you something important.
OC Subordinate Noun of CD
I don't like the place where we left the car.
I'm here to get this bill paid.
Where you least think about it, the hare jumps.
OC Adverbial subordinate place
The friends you are looking for have already left.
Tomorrow we will go to the specialist, that is, your case will be studied.
OC Explanatory coordination
That is the city where my daughter was born.
OC Subordinate Adjective Shall
we play for a while or are you in a hurry?
We would like you to give us your opinion.
We wait for someone to inform us.
need volunteers to help us.
OC Substantive Substantive of CD He
didn't succeed no matter how hard he tried.
OC Subordinate Adverbial concessive We
will go out where we always go.
OC Adverbial subordinate place
If I pass the course they will give me the motorcycle.
The engine in that car is powerful.
He has written to you, therefore, you must answer.
OC Consecutive Adverbial Subordinate You
have more than you want.
OC Subordinate Comparative Adverbial They
said they would give us the project.
OC CD Noun Subordinate Everything
happened as we had agreed.
OC Subordinate Adverbial mode You
ate where they told you.
OC Subordinate Adverbial place You
are luckier, so don't complain.
Go to the dentist to have your teeth checked.
I'll lend it to you on the condition that you don't break it.
OC Subordinate Conditional Adverbial Get
dressed before they arrive.
OC Subordinate Adverbial time I
explained to him the place where the treasure was.
I live where the trees are being cut down.
OC Subordinate Adverbial of place This is
the house where Chopin was born.
OC Subordinate Adjective Do
you know where to sign up for the excursion?
OC Substantive Substantive of CD He was
close to being hit by a car.
OC Substantive Substantive of C. Adverbial The
plane that lands comes from London.
The teacher spoke with the person who failed the exam.
OC Substantive Substantive of Supplement Pedro
told us that he would be late.
The girl whose mother I know is in Paris.
Go to the place where your wallet is.
OC Subordinate Adjective Allow
me to help you, ma'am.
I don't need the help he offers me at all.
OC Subordinate Adjective I don't
think anyone will come.
The house on the hill belongs to my company.
This is the way I see things.
We knew everything he told you this morning since yesterday.
This house is as small as the one we saw yesterday.
OC Subordinate Comparative Adverbial
Stretch out your wrinkled jacket.
In some places they cook well and in others they scare away customers.
OC Distributive coordination It
annoys him that he made fun of him.
OC Subordinate Subject Noun It happened
while I was taking a shower.
OC Subordinate Adverbial time We
already know that they have returned.
OC Subordinate Noun of CD I installed it as
they told me.
OC Subordinate Adverbial of manner The
radio has announced that it will rain.
I liked that you gave me the bicycle.
OC Subordinate Subject Noun I have left the
key where you told me.
OC Subordinate Adverbial of place That is
the career that my sister has chosen.
OC Subordinate Adjective Fill
out the form as I told you.
OC Subordinate Adverbial of manner They
have cut down the trees that were diseased.
OC Subordinate Adjective That
is the book I have chosen.
OC Subordinate Adjective They
have given the prize to the person who won the contest.
OC Substantive Substantive of CI
My neighbor came up with a way to solve the problem.
At that moment he remembered that he had been entrusted with some purchases.
OC Subordinate Supplement Noun He has no
illusions nor is he interested in anything.
They fear that the cold wave will repeat itself this Christmas.
Go to the hairdresser to get your hair cut.
I'll explain to you why I was so late.
OC Substantive Substantive of cn
You need to buy a can of paint.
OC Subordinate Subject Noun
Paquita was the first to put a book of poems in my hands.
OC Subordinate Adjective I felt
like I was turning red.
Nor did it provoke the fear that other teachers produced in us.
He is a great artist; However, he lacks maturity.
Carlos is a patron, that is, he finances artistic projects.
If you don't train on Wednesdays, you won't play the games.
We will deliver the documentation to those in charge of the case.
OC Substantive Substantive of CI We will
walk where I will indicate.
OC Adverbial subordinate of place
Antonio Machado, who was a professor of French, died in exile.
This is the hole where the ball has to go.
OC Subordinate Adjective The
bicycle is not where you say.
OC Subordinate Adverbial of place The
results are due to the fact that the method is ineffective.
OC Subordinate Supplement noun I never thought
it was so exaggerated.
The movie bored me more than I expected.
OC Subordinate Comparative Adverbial He
said such nonsense that he convinced no one.
OC Consecutive Adverbial Subordinate I will
invite him, because he is my friend.
We'll leave early, so call me at eight.
OC Consecutive Adverbial Subordinate As it
was raining so much, they suspended the event.
OC Subordinate Adverbial causal I like
both Seville and Córdoba.
OC Subordinate Comparative Adverbial If you
don't get up earlier, you will always be late.
OC Subordinate Conditional Adverbial Go up
for a snack.
OC Subordinate Final Adverbial As
planned, we arrived at the theater well in advance.
OC Adverbial subordinate of manner
Will visit us if they have time.
OC Subordinate Conditional Adverbial Once
the work was done, the plumber left the house.
The match was exciting; However, the coach criticized us.
The radio has announced that it will rain tonight.
I left the key where you told me.
OC Subordinate Adverbial of place Do you
study high school or do you work with your sister at the drugstore?
OC Coordinated disjunctive You
wait for Elena because I'm leaving.
OC Subordinate Adverbial causal Some
defended this project, others attacked it.
OC Distributive coordination Man
proposes and God disposes.
It didn't look like water you could drink.
OC Subordinate Adjective I am
upset that you are late.
OC Subordinate Subject Noun Remedios has
asked me to do her a favor.
Some days he seems happy; others are sad.
The road gets muddy as soon as four drops fall.
OC Subordinate Adverbial of time That was
the call I was waiting for.
When they told him, he could hardly believe it.
I haven't been invited, so I won't be attending the party.
OC Consecutive Adverbial Subordinate He is
hypotensive, that is, he has low blood pressure.
I'm not hungry, because I just had breakfast.
OC Subordinate Causal Adverbial His
little sister laughs as soon as she cries.
OC Distributive coordination He
gave the ball to the one who arrived first.
OC Substantive Substantive of CI
Laura takes drawing classes and teaches English.
My friends thought you would come with me.
Pine trees have evergreen leaves, that is, they do not lose them during the winter.
He hung the painting in the room where there are others.
I've been with my friends, since I haven't seen them in a while.
I am passionate about this book; that one bores me.
I was attentive to the presence of something that we were still unaware of.
OC Substantive Substantive of cn
I already know that tobacco is not good for my health.
Are you coming with me or staying home?
The name of the girl I introduced to you yesterday is Ofelia.
Pedro would like you to play on our team.
OC Subordinate Subject Noun
On holidays he went to church or sat by the river.
Even though we invited him, he didn't want to come.
My parents haven't arrived yet, so we'll wait.
If he arrives in time he will take us to the mountain.
OC Subordinate Conditional Adverbial There
is a place for everything to be thrown.
I already know the brand of the car they are going to buy.
After eating dessert, they turned on the television.
OC Subordinate Adverbial of time There
was so much noise that we didn't understand each other.
OC Subordinate Adverbial consecutive I
wanted to tell him, but I didn't dare.
I'll leave you alone as long as you lend me ten euros.
OC Conditional Adverbial Subordinate When
he finished, everyone applauded him.
The pitcher goes to the fountain so much that in the end it breaks.
OC Subordinate Adverbial consecutive
Although I am not convinced, I will sign it.
Juan closed the door so the dog wouldn't enter.
Since you don't want it, I'll keep it.
Indicate whether the "that" in the following sentences are relative pronouns or not. Point
out, if applicable, the antecedent.
a) He gave him a prize that everyone wanted.

relative pronoun (antecedent: a prize)
b) They say the weather is good.
conjunction (introduces a substantive subordinate clause of CD)
c) We really liked the play we saw yesterday.
relative pronoun (antecedent: the work)
d) I want you to do it now.
conjunction (introduces a substantive subordinate clause of CD)
e) Ángel, who is a doctor, will cure you.
relative pronoun (antecedent: Angel)
f) A noise was heard that alerted the guard.
relative pronoun (antecedent: a noise)
g) It seems that everything it is OK.
conjunction (introduces a substantive subordinate clause of Atrib) h) The car that
makes noise is Javier's.
relative pronoun (antecedent: the car)
Analysis of compound sentences
(solved exercises)
Analyze the following compound sentences.

1. I went to the newsstand, but it was closed.
2. The guard took out the notebook and imposed the fine.
3. Shall we play for a while or are you in a hurry?
4. This subway was not working and that one arrived late.
5. The one who came this morning was my brother.
6. I'm afraid it will rain this afternoon.
7. I'm tired of you always being late.
8. Even though there is little light, I see well.
9. He reached such speed that he went off the track.
10. Before it rains I'll go home.
11. Sing for rain.
12. I explained to him the place where the treasure was.
13. I live where the trees are being cut down.
14. If it rains tomorrow there will be no game.
15. How you treat others, they will treat you.
16. This is the house where Chopin was born.
17. Tomorrow we will go to the specialist, that is, your case will be studied.
18. I intend for you to join us next summer.
19. We gave the package to the person at the door.
20. A lot of rain is beneficial
21. While you polish the floor, I'm going to buy detergent.
22. I am very tired of my situation, so much so that I don't want to continue like this.
23. Is this where you sign up for the excursion?
24. Sergio said that Javier would not go down to the park this afternoon.
25. Marcos took the penalty very badly but the goalkeeper swallowed the ball.
26. We will win the game when the coach takes Pablo off the field.
27. Keeping quiet is the best remedy for a headache.
28. The tree that we bought yesterday in Aranjuez dried up this morning.
29. I'll lend you my boots this weekend on the condition that you teach me the multiplication table.
30. It's a splendid day so Paco and I are going to the beach.
31. The exercise is good although it has two faults.
32. Are you coming with me or staying here?
33. Copy the exercises before the teacher sees you.
34. Carlos was hypotensive, that is, he had very low blood pressure.
35. I'm not staying for the game tonight because I'm very tired.
36. Run and jump.
37. Please answer my question.
38. He told him so he would know the truth.
1
(I) I to the but (He) It was closed
was kiosk,
him
E+Det N
N N SN–CC N cop Attribute
SN–Suj SV–PV SN–Suj SV–PN
P1 nexus Q2
OC Coordinated Adversarial / Affirmative Enunciative P1: Predicative Active Intransitive
P2: Attributive
The guard took the and (he) imposed the

out penalty
Det N N notebook
SN–CD N fee N SN–CD
SN–Suj SV–PV SN–Suj SV–PV
P1 nx P2
OC Copulative Coordinated / Affirmative Enunciative P1 and P2: Active Predicative Transitive
(Us) We play awhile either hurry? N

Det N (You)
N N SN–CC N N CD
P1 nx P2
OC Coordinated Disjunctive / Interrogative Direct Partial P1: Predicative Active Intransitive
P2: Predicative Active Transitive
This subway No it worked and that one with delay

arrived AND N
Det N M.O. N nx nx–N N SN–CC
P1 P2
OC Coordinated Distributive / Enunciative Affirmative P1 and P2: Predicative Active Intransitive
The one who came this morning was my brother

Det N
N N SN–CC Det N
nx–Suj SV–PV cop SN–Attribute
PS Subst of Suj SV–PN
OC Substantive Substantive of Subject / Affirmative Enunciative
PP: Attributive
6
(I) I'm afraid it will rain this afternoon Det N
N SN–CC
nx SV–PV (Does not have Suj) N N PS CD Replace
SN–Suj SV–PV
OC Substantive Substantive of CD I Enunciative Affirmative
PP: Predicative Active Transitive
7
(I) I'm tired of (You) always being late
C.N. N
N S.Adv–CC
SN–Suj nexus SV–PV
N PS Subst of C.Adj
N cop S.Adj–Attribute
SN–Suj SV–PN
OC Substantive Substantive of C. of the Adjective / Affirmative Enunciative
PP: Attributive / PS: Predicative Active Intransitive
8
(Me) Even though there is little light I see well
Det N
" SUBJECT.....................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE................................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin..........................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER......................................................................................................................................................12
7
2........................................................................................................................................................................16
3........................................................................................................................................................................17
5........................................................................................................................................................................20
6........................................................................................................................................................................20
7........................................................................................................................................................................21
8........................................................................................................................................................................21
12......................................................................................................................................................................24
14......................................................................................................................................................................28
15......................................................................................................................................................................28
16......................................................................................................................................................................28
17......................................................................................................................................................................32
18......................................................................................................................................................................32
19......................................................................................................................................................................32
20......................................................................................................................................................................33
21......................................................................................................................................................................33
22......................................................................................................................................................................33
23......................................................................................................................................................................33
24......................................................................................................................................................................33
25......................................................................................................................................................................33
26......................................................................................................................................................................33
27......................................................................................................................................................................34
28......................................................................................................................................................................34
29......................................................................................................................................................................34
30......................................................................................................................................................................34
31......................................................................................................................................................................34
32......................................................................................................................................................................34
33......................................................................................................................................................................34
35......................................................................................................................................................................38
36......................................................................................................................................................................39
37......................................................................................................................................................................39
38......................................................................................................................................................................42
39......................................................................................................................................................................42
40......................................................................................................................................................................43
42......................................................................................................................................................................43
44......................................................................................................................................................................47
45......................................................................................................................................................................47
8
46......................................................................................................................................................................47
47......................................................................................................................................................................47
48......................................................................................................................................................................47
49......................................................................................................................................................................51
50......................................................................................................................................................................51
CD.................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:.............................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES.........................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative..................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial.............................................................................................................................................61
> Noun..........................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :...............................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :........................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective....................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial...................................................................................................................................................74
9
1. Final – Causal........................................................................................................................................75
the antecedent................................................................................................................................................87
7..........................................................................................................................................................................6
8..........................................................................................................................................................................6
9........................................................................................................................................................................10
10..........................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain........................................................................................................................................11
14..........................................................................................................................................................................15
15..........................................................................................................................................................................15
17..........................................................................................................................................................................16
18......................................................................................................................................................................16
19..........................................................................................................................................................................16
21..........................................................................................................................................................................20
22......................................................................................................................................................................20
23......................................................................................................................................................................20
24......................................................................................................................................................................20
26..........................................................................................................................................................................25
27......................................................................................................................................................................29
28......................................................................................................................................................................29
1
0 It's a splendid day so Paco and I will go to the beach................................................................................30
31..........................................................................................................................................................................30
32..........................................................................................................................................................................30
33..........................................................................................................................................................................34
34..........................................................................................................................................................................34
37..........................................................................................................................................................................35
38..........................................................................................................................................................................39
OC Subordinate Adverbial Concessive / Enunciative Affirmative

PS: Predicative Active Transitive Impersonal
9
(He) reached such speed that (he) went off the track
" SUBJECT.....................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE................................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin..........................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER......................................................................................................................................................12
2........................................................................................................................................................................16
3........................................................................................................................................................................17
5........................................................................................................................................................................20
1
1 6........................................................................................................................................................................20
7........................................................................................................................................................................21
8........................................................................................................................................................................21
12......................................................................................................................................................................24
14......................................................................................................................................................................28
15......................................................................................................................................................................28
16......................................................................................................................................................................28
17......................................................................................................................................................................32
18......................................................................................................................................................................32
19......................................................................................................................................................................32
20......................................................................................................................................................................33
21......................................................................................................................................................................33
22......................................................................................................................................................................33
23......................................................................................................................................................................33
24......................................................................................................................................................................33
25......................................................................................................................................................................33
26......................................................................................................................................................................33
27......................................................................................................................................................................34
28......................................................................................................................................................................34
29......................................................................................................................................................................34
30......................................................................................................................................................................34
31......................................................................................................................................................................34
32......................................................................................................................................................................34
33......................................................................................................................................................................34
35......................................................................................................................................................................38
36......................................................................................................................................................................39
37......................................................................................................................................................................39
38......................................................................................................................................................................42
39......................................................................................................................................................................42
40......................................................................................................................................................................43
42......................................................................................................................................................................43
44......................................................................................................................................................................47
45......................................................................................................................................................................47
46......................................................................................................................................................................47
47......................................................................................................................................................................47
48......................................................................................................................................................................47
1
2 49......................................................................................................................................................................51
50......................................................................................................................................................................51
CD.................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:.............................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES.........................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative..................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial.............................................................................................................................................61
> Noun..........................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :...............................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :........................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective....................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial...................................................................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal........................................................................................................................................75
1
3 2. Causal – Consecutive.............................................................................................................................76
the antecedent................................................................................................................................................87
7..........................................................................................................................................................................6
8..........................................................................................................................................................................6
9........................................................................................................................................................................10
10..........................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain........................................................................................................................................11
14..........................................................................................................................................................................15
15..........................................................................................................................................................................15
17..........................................................................................................................................................................16
18......................................................................................................................................................................16
19..........................................................................................................................................................................16
21..........................................................................................................................................................................20
22......................................................................................................................................................................20
23......................................................................................................................................................................20
24......................................................................................................................................................................20
26..........................................................................................................................................................................25
27......................................................................................................................................................................29
28......................................................................................................................................................................29
31..........................................................................................................................................................................30
32..........................................................................................................................................................................30
1
4 33..........................................................................................................................................................................34
34..........................................................................................................................................................................34
37..........................................................................................................................................................................35
38..........................................................................................................................................................................39
OC Subordinate Adverbial Consecutive / Enunciative Affirmative

10
(I) Before it rains I to
will home
nexus SV–PV AND N
N PS Adv of Time N SN–CC
SN–Suj SV–PV
OC Subordinate Adverbial of Time / Affirmative Enunciative PP: Predicative Active Intransitive
1
1 (He) Sings for rain
N
nexus SV–PV
N N PS Adv Final
SN–Suj SV–PV
OC Subordinate Adverbial Final / Affirmative Enunciative
12
(I) I explained to him the place where the treasure was
nx–CC N Det N
SV–PV SN–Suj
Det N PS Adjective
N CI N SN–CD
SN–Suj SV–PV
OC Subordinate Adjective / Enunciative Affirmative
13 I live where (they) are cutting down the trees
" SUBJECT.....................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE................................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin..........................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER......................................................................................................................................................12
1
22........................................................................................................................................................................16
3........................................................................................................................................................................17
5........................................................................................................................................................................20
6........................................................................................................................................................................20
7........................................................................................................................................................................21
8........................................................................................................................................................................21
12......................................................................................................................................................................24
14......................................................................................................................................................................28
15......................................................................................................................................................................28
16......................................................................................................................................................................28
17......................................................................................................................................................................32
18......................................................................................................................................................................32
19......................................................................................................................................................................32
20......................................................................................................................................................................33
21......................................................................................................................................................................33
22......................................................................................................................................................................33
23......................................................................................................................................................................33
24......................................................................................................................................................................33
25......................................................................................................................................................................33
26......................................................................................................................................................................33
27......................................................................................................................................................................34
28......................................................................................................................................................................34
29......................................................................................................................................................................34
30......................................................................................................................................................................34
31......................................................................................................................................................................34
32......................................................................................................................................................................34
33......................................................................................................................................................................34
35......................................................................................................................................................................38
36......................................................................................................................................................................39
37......................................................................................................................................................................39
38......................................................................................................................................................................42
39......................................................................................................................................................................42
40......................................................................................................................................................................43
42......................................................................................................................................................................43
44......................................................................................................................................................................47
45......................................................................................................................................................................47
1
346......................................................................................................................................................................47
47......................................................................................................................................................................47
48......................................................................................................................................................................47
49......................................................................................................................................................................51
50......................................................................................................................................................................51
CD.................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:.............................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES.........................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative..................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial.............................................................................................................................................61
> Noun..........................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :...............................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :........................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective....................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial...................................................................................................................................................74
1
4 2. OF LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP..........................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal........................................................................................................................................75
the antecedent................................................................................................................................................87
7..........................................................................................................................................................................6
8..........................................................................................................................................................................6
9........................................................................................................................................................................10
10..........................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain........................................................................................................................................11
14..........................................................................................................................................................................15
15..........................................................................................................................................................................15
17..........................................................................................................................................................................16
18......................................................................................................................................................................16
19..........................................................................................................................................................................16
21..........................................................................................................................................................................20
22......................................................................................................................................................................20
23......................................................................................................................................................................20
24......................................................................................................................................................................20
26..........................................................................................................................................................................25
27......................................................................................................................................................................29
28......................................................................................................................................................................29
1
5 It's a splendid day so Paco and I will go to the beach................................................................................30
31..........................................................................................................................................................................30
32..........................................................................................................................................................................30
33..........................................................................................................................................................................34
34..........................................................................................................................................................................34
37..........................................................................................................................................................................35
38..........................................................................................................................................................................39
OC Subordinate Adverbial of Place / Affirmative Enunciative

(They) will treat you as (you) treat others,
" SUBJECT.....................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE................................................................................................................................................2
14
If it rains tomorrow there will be no match
> The predicative complement
DC
nexus SV–PV N
PS Adv Conditional MO N SN–CD
SV–PV
PP: Predicative Active Transitive Impersonal
PS: Predicative Intransitive Impersonal
15
.........................................................................................................................................................................6
> The agent plugin..........................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER........................................................................................................................................................9
1
6 3. Classify each sentence according to the nature of the predicate.............................................................9
ANSWER......................................................................................................................................................12
2........................................................................................................................................................................16
3........................................................................................................................................................................17
5........................................................................................................................................................................20
6........................................................................................................................................................................20
7........................................................................................................................................................................21
8........................................................................................................................................................................21
12......................................................................................................................................................................24
14......................................................................................................................................................................28
15......................................................................................................................................................................28
16......................................................................................................................................................................28
17......................................................................................................................................................................32
18......................................................................................................................................................................32
19......................................................................................................................................................................32
20......................................................................................................................................................................33
21......................................................................................................................................................................33
22......................................................................................................................................................................33
23......................................................................................................................................................................33
24......................................................................................................................................................................33
25......................................................................................................................................................................33
26......................................................................................................................................................................33
27......................................................................................................................................................................34
28......................................................................................................................................................................34
29......................................................................................................................................................................34
30......................................................................................................................................................................34
31......................................................................................................................................................................34
32......................................................................................................................................................................34
33......................................................................................................................................................................34
35......................................................................................................................................................................38
36......................................................................................................................................................................39
37......................................................................................................................................................................39
38......................................................................................................................................................................42
39......................................................................................................................................................................42
1
740......................................................................................................................................................................43
42......................................................................................................................................................................43
44......................................................................................................................................................................47
45......................................................................................................................................................................47
46......................................................................................................................................................................47
47......................................................................................................................................................................47
48......................................................................................................................................................................47
49......................................................................................................................................................................51
50......................................................................................................................................................................51
CD.................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:.............................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES.........................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative..................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial.............................................................................................................................................61
> Noun..........................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :...............................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :........................................................................................................................................67
1
8 > Adjective....................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial...................................................................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal........................................................................................................................................75
the antecedent................................................................................................................................................87
7..........................................................................................................................................................................6
8..........................................................................................................................................................................6
9........................................................................................................................................................................10
10..........................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain........................................................................................................................................11
14..........................................................................................................................................................................15
15..........................................................................................................................................................................15
17..........................................................................................................................................................................16
18......................................................................................................................................................................16
19..........................................................................................................................................................................16
21..........................................................................................................................................................................20
22......................................................................................................................................................................20
23......................................................................................................................................................................20
1
924......................................................................................................................................................................20
26..........................................................................................................................................................................25
27......................................................................................................................................................................29
28......................................................................................................................................................................29
31..........................................................................................................................................................................30
32..........................................................................................................................................................................30
33..........................................................................................................................................................................34
34..........................................................................................................................................................................34
37..........................................................................................................................................................................35
38..........................................................................................................................................................................39
OC Subordinate Adverbial of Manner / Affirmative Enunciative

1
6 This is the house where Chopin was born
nx–CC N N
SV–PV SN–Suj
Det N PS Adjective
N copy SN–Attribute
SN–Suj SV–PN
PP: Attributive
17
(Us) Tomorrow we will go specialist, that is, it will be studied Your case.
to
E+Det N
N DC N SN–CC N Det N
SN—Suj SV–PV SV–PV SN–Suj Pac
P1 nexus P2
OC Coordinated Explanatory / Enunciative Affirmative P1: Predictive Active Intransitive
P2: Predictive Passive Analytic
18
(I) Have he purpose that (he) usaccompany him next summer
Det C.N. N
SN-CD N SN–CC
nexus SN–Suj SV–PV
Det N PS Noun of CN
N N SN–CD
SN—Suj SV–PV
OC Substantive Substantive of CN (C. of the Name) / Affirmative Enunciative PP: Active Transitive
Predicative PS: Active Transitive Predicative
19
(We) We gave him the package to the that I was in the door
E Det N
nx–N N SN–CC SV–PV
Det N E+Det SN–Suj
N CI N SN–CD PS Noun of CI
SN–Suj SV–PV
OC Substantive Substantive of CI / Affirmative Enunciative
2
0 A lot of rain is beneficial
N DC
nx SV–PV cop Attribute
PP: Attributive
21
At the same you you glow to the (I) I'm going to buy detergent
time take out floor,
N E+Det N
N N SN–CD SN–CI
nexus SN–Suj SV–PV N
PS Adv of time N N SN–CD
SV–PV SN–Suj SV–PV
OC Adverbial Subordinate of Time / Affirmative Enunciative PP and PS: Predicative Active
Transitive
22
(I) I am very tired of my situation, so much so that (I) do not want to continue like this
E Det N N MO N DC
C.N. N SN–CN SN–Suj nexus SV–PV
N cop S.Adj–Attribute PS Adv Consecutive
SN–Suj SV–PN
OC Subordinate Adverbial Consecutive
PP: Attributive
23
This is where you point one for E the tour?
Det N
N N SN–CC
nexus SV–PV SN–Suj Pac SV–PV
N CC PS Adv of Place
SV–PV
OC Subordinate Adverbial of Place / Total Direct Interrogative
PP: Impersonal
PS: Predictive Passive Reflective
24
Sergio said that Javier No would go down to the park this
afternoon
a+el
E+Det N Det N
N M.O. N SN–CC SN–CC
nx SN–Suj SV–PV
N N PS CD Replace
SN–Suj SV–PV
PP: Transitive Active Predicative / Affirmative Enunciative PS: Intransitive Active Predicative /
Negative Enunciative
2
frames
5 launched very evil he penalty but
goalkeeper swallowed the ball
N SN– N C.Adv
SAdv–CCN DetSN–CDN Det N N DetSN–CDN
Suj SV–PV SN–Suj SV–PV
OC Coordinated Adversarial / Enunciative Affirmative
P1 and P2: Predicative Active Transitive
26
(We) We will win the game when the coach takes Pablo de+el off the field
P1 nx P2
E+Det NEN
" SUBJECT....................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE...............................................................................................................................................2
How do you recognize the attribute in a sentence?........................................................................................3
» The Verbal Predicate...................................................................................................................................3
> The direct complement...............................................................................................................................3
> The indirect object......................................................................................................................................4
> The circumstantial complement..............................................................................................................5
> Supplement (Regulated prepositional complement or Regime Complement )......................................5
> The predicative complement.......................................................................................................................6
> The agent plugin.........................................................................................................................................6
Simple sentence exercises.........................................................................................................................................8
1. Write the syntactic function performed by the underlined words..........................................................8
ANSWER.......................................................................................................................................................8
2. Indicates the syntactic function of the indicated phrase.........................................................................8
ANSWER.......................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER.....................................................................................................................................................12
Analysis of simple sentences..................................................................................................................................16
Parse the following sentences......................................................................................................................16
2.......................................................................................................................................................................16
3.......................................................................................................................................................................17
5.......................................................................................................................................................................20
6.......................................................................................................................................................................20
7.......................................................................................................................................................................21
8.......................................................................................................................................................................21
12.....................................................................................................................................................................24
14.....................................................................................................................................................................28
2
6 15.....................................................................................................................................................................28
16.....................................................................................................................................................................28
17.....................................................................................................................................................................32
18.....................................................................................................................................................................32
19.....................................................................................................................................................................32
20.....................................................................................................................................................................33
21.....................................................................................................................................................................33
22.....................................................................................................................................................................33
23.....................................................................................................................................................................33
24.....................................................................................................................................................................33
25.....................................................................................................................................................................33
26.....................................................................................................................................................................33
27.....................................................................................................................................................................34
28.....................................................................................................................................................................34
29.....................................................................................................................................................................34
30.....................................................................................................................................................................34
31.....................................................................................................................................................................34
32.....................................................................................................................................................................34
33.....................................................................................................................................................................34
35.....................................................................................................................................................................38
36.....................................................................................................................................................................39
37.....................................................................................................................................................................39
38.....................................................................................................................................................................42
39.....................................................................................................................................................................42
40.....................................................................................................................................................................43
42.....................................................................................................................................................................43
44.....................................................................................................................................................................47
45.....................................................................................................................................................................47
46.....................................................................................................................................................................47
47.....................................................................................................................................................................47
48.....................................................................................................................................................................47
49.....................................................................................................................................................................51
50.....................................................................................................................................................................51
3 .- IMPERSONAL SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC...........................................................................52
2
7 4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC..............................................................................52
1 .- THE DOUBLE CONCEPT OF IMPERSONALITY...............................................................................53
1.1. - SYNTACTIC IMPERSONALITY.................................................................................................53
1.2. - SEMANTIC IMPERSONALITY...................................................................................................53
2 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SEMANTIC.......................................................................................54
4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC.....................................................................................56
CD................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:............................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES........................................................................................................................................................58
4.- Explain the phenomena of incorrectness that exist in the sentences:.....................................................58
The compound sentence..........................................................................................................................................60
» COORDINATED COMPOUND SENTENCES......................................................................................60
> Copulative.................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial............................................................................................................................................61
» SUBORDINATED COMPOUND SENTENCES....................................................................................66
> Noun..........................................................................................................................................................66
- Indirect compliment :............................................................................................................................67
- Attribute :..............................................................................................................................................67
- C.Reg. o Supplement :..........................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :.......................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective...................................................................................................................................................72
- " The river where we bathed was polluted ".........................................................................................73
- " This is the student whose exercises you corrected yesterday "..........................................................73
> Adverbial...................................................................................................................................................74
2. OF LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP.........................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal.......................................................................................................................................75
2. Causal – Consecutive............................................................................................................................76
- " Do it as they explained to you in class ".................................................................................................76
2. Compound sentences exercises...........................................................................................................................78
Classify the following 217 compound sentences.........................................................................................78
the antecedent...............................................................................................................................................87
2
8
Analysis of compound sentences............................................................................................................................88
Analyze the following compound sentences................................................................................................88
The one who came this morning was my brother Det N............................................................................1
(I) I'm afraid it will rain this afternoon Det N................................................................................................6
7.........................................................................................................................................................................6
8.........................................................................................................................................................................6
9.......................................................................................................................................................................10
10.........................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain........................................................................................................................................11
(I) I explained to him the place where the treasure was...............................................................................11
I live where (they) are cutting down the trees..............................................................................................11
14.........................................................................................................................................................................15
15.........................................................................................................................................................................15
This is the house where Chopin was born nx–CC N N............................................................................16
17.........................................................................................................................................................................16
18.....................................................................................................................................................................16
19.........................................................................................................................................................................16
21.........................................................................................................................................................................20
22.....................................................................................................................................................................20
23.....................................................................................................................................................................20
24.....................................................................................................................................................................20
26.........................................................................................................................................................................25
27.....................................................................................................................................................................29
28.....................................................................................................................................................................29
It's a splendid day so Paco and I will go to the beach...............................................................................30
31.........................................................................................................................................................................30
32.........................................................................................................................................................................30
33.........................................................................................................................................................................34
34.........................................................................................................................................................................34
(I) I'm not staying for the game tonight because (I) am very tired..............................................................35
37.........................................................................................................................................................................35
38.........................................................................................................................................................................39
OC Subordinate Adverbial of Time / Affirmative Enunciative

PP and PS: Predictive Active Transitive
2
27
9
That (you) keep quiet is the best remedy for a headache
AND N
E Det N SN–CN
N N Det CN N SN–CN
nx SN–Suj SV–PV cop SN–Attribute
PP: Attributive
28
He tree (us) that We bought in Aranjuez dried this early
yesterday AND N morning
N nx–CD N DC SN–CC
SN–Suj SV–PV Det N
Det N PS Adjective N SN–CC
SN–Suj SV–PV
29
(I) I'll leave you my boots this weekend Yeah(you teach me the Multiplication table
AND N
Det N SN–CN
N IC N SN–CD
Det N Det N SUJ nexus SV–PV
N IC N SN–CD SN–CC PS Adv Conditional
SN–Suj SV–PV
OC Subordinate Adverbial Conditional / Enunciative Affirmative PP and PS: Predicative Active
Transitive
3
0 It's a splendid day so Paco and I will go to the beach
E Det N
N nx N N SN–CC
Det N C.N. nexus SN–Suj SV–PV
N SN–CD PS Adv Consecutive
SV–PV
OC Subordinate Adverbial Consecutive / Enunciative Affirmative
PP: Predicative Active Transitive Impersonal
31
The exercise is good although (he) has two faults
Det N
N N SN–CD
SN–Suj nexus SV–PV
Det N copy Attribute PS Adv Concessive
SN–Suj SV–PN
OC Subordinate Adverbial Concessive / Enunciative Affirmative
PP: Attributive
32
(You) Are you coming with me or are you staying here?
" SUBJECT....................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE...............................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin.........................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER.......................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER.......................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER.....................................................................................................................................................12
3
1 2.......................................................................................................................................................................16
3.......................................................................................................................................................................17
5.......................................................................................................................................................................20
6.......................................................................................................................................................................20
7.......................................................................................................................................................................21
8.......................................................................................................................................................................21
12.....................................................................................................................................................................24
14.....................................................................................................................................................................28
15.....................................................................................................................................................................28
16.....................................................................................................................................................................28
17.....................................................................................................................................................................32
18.....................................................................................................................................................................32
19.....................................................................................................................................................................32
20.....................................................................................................................................................................33
21.....................................................................................................................................................................33
22.....................................................................................................................................................................33
23.....................................................................................................................................................................33
24.....................................................................................................................................................................33
25.....................................................................................................................................................................33
26.....................................................................................................................................................................33
27.....................................................................................................................................................................34
28.....................................................................................................................................................................34
29.....................................................................................................................................................................34
30.....................................................................................................................................................................34
31.....................................................................................................................................................................34
32.....................................................................................................................................................................34
33.....................................................................................................................................................................34
35.....................................................................................................................................................................38
36.....................................................................................................................................................................39
37.....................................................................................................................................................................39
38.....................................................................................................................................................................42
39.....................................................................................................................................................................42
40.....................................................................................................................................................................43
42.....................................................................................................................................................................43
44.....................................................................................................................................................................47
45.....................................................................................................................................................................47
46.....................................................................................................................................................................47
3
2 47.....................................................................................................................................................................47
48.....................................................................................................................................................................47
49.....................................................................................................................................................................51
50.....................................................................................................................................................................51
CD................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:............................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES........................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative.................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial............................................................................................................................................61
> Noun..........................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :..............................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :.......................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective...................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial...................................................................................................................................................74
3
3 1. Final – Causal.......................................................................................................................................75
2. Causal – Consecutive............................................................................................................................76
the antecedent...............................................................................................................................................87
7.........................................................................................................................................................................6
8.........................................................................................................................................................................6
9.......................................................................................................................................................................10
10.........................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain........................................................................................................................................11
14.........................................................................................................................................................................15
15.........................................................................................................................................................................15
17.........................................................................................................................................................................16
18.....................................................................................................................................................................16
19.........................................................................................................................................................................16
21.........................................................................................................................................................................20
22.....................................................................................................................................................................20
23.....................................................................................................................................................................20
24.....................................................................................................................................................................20
26.........................................................................................................................................................................25
27.....................................................................................................................................................................29
28.....................................................................................................................................................................29
31.........................................................................................................................................................................30
32.........................................................................................................................................................................30
3
433.........................................................................................................................................................................34
34.........................................................................................................................................................................34
37.........................................................................................................................................................................35
38.........................................................................................................................................................................39
OC Coordinated Disjunctive / Partial Direct Interrogative

P1 and P2: Predicative Active Intransitive
33
(You) Copy the exercises before the teacher sees you
SN-CD N Det N
Det N nexus SV–PV SN–Suj
N N SN–CD PS Adv of Time
SN–Suj SV–PV
OC Subordinate Adverbial of Time / Affirmative Enunciative
34
Carlos was hypotensiv that is to say, had the tension very low
e, (he)
N C.Adj N Det
N cop Attribute N N SN–CD SAdj–CPvo CD
SN–Suj SV–PN SN–Suj SV–PV
P nexus P2
OC Coordinated Explanatory / Enunciative Affirmative
P1: Attributive
P2: Predicative Active Transitive
3
5 (I) I'm not staying for the game tonight because (I) am very tired
C.N. N
a+el cop SAdj–Attribute
Det N E+Det N nexus SN–Suj SV–PN
N MO N SN–CC SN–CC PS Adv Causal
SN–Suj SV–PV
PS: Attributive
36 (you/ (you/
him) run and him) jump
N N N N
SN–SujSV–PV SN–Suj SV–PV
P1 nx P2
OC Copulative Coordinated
P1 and P2: Predicative Active Intransitive
According to the speaker's intention, it would be an affirmative statement with the subject "he " and an exhortative
statement with the subject "you ."
37
(I) Please (you) answer my question
" SUBJECT....................................................................................................................................................2
» PREDICATE...............................................................................................................................................2
> The agent plugin.........................................................................................................................................6
ANSWER.......................................................................................................................................................8
ANSWER.......................................................................................................................................................9
ANSWER.....................................................................................................................................................12
2.......................................................................................................................................................................16
3
6 3.......................................................................................................................................................................17
5.......................................................................................................................................................................20
6.......................................................................................................................................................................20
7.......................................................................................................................................................................21
8.......................................................................................................................................................................21
12.....................................................................................................................................................................24
14.....................................................................................................................................................................28
15.....................................................................................................................................................................28
16.....................................................................................................................................................................28
17.....................................................................................................................................................................32
18.....................................................................................................................................................................32
19.....................................................................................................................................................................32
20.....................................................................................................................................................................33
21.....................................................................................................................................................................33
22.....................................................................................................................................................................33
23.....................................................................................................................................................................33
24.....................................................................................................................................................................33
25.....................................................................................................................................................................33
26.....................................................................................................................................................................33
27.....................................................................................................................................................................34
28.....................................................................................................................................................................34
29.....................................................................................................................................................................34
30.....................................................................................................................................................................34
31.....................................................................................................................................................................34
32.....................................................................................................................................................................34
33.....................................................................................................................................................................34
35.....................................................................................................................................................................38
36.....................................................................................................................................................................39
37.....................................................................................................................................................................39
38.....................................................................................................................................................................42
39.....................................................................................................................................................................42
40.....................................................................................................................................................................43
42.....................................................................................................................................................................43
44.....................................................................................................................................................................47
45.....................................................................................................................................................................47
46.....................................................................................................................................................................47
47.....................................................................................................................................................................47
3
7 48.....................................................................................................................................................................47
49.....................................................................................................................................................................51
50.....................................................................................................................................................................51
CD................................................................................................................................................................56
4.5. - OTHER VERBS:............................................................................................................................57
EXERCISES........................................................................................................................................................58
> Copulative.................................................................................................................................................60
> Adversarial............................................................................................................................................61
> Noun..........................................................................................................................................................66
- Attribute :..............................................................................................................................................67
- Agent Plugin :.......................................................................................................................................67
> Adjective...................................................................................................................................................72
> Adverbial...................................................................................................................................................74
1. Final – Causal.......................................................................................................................................75
3
8 2. Causal – Consecutive............................................................................................................................76
the antecedent...............................................................................................................................................87
7.........................................................................................................................................................................6
8.........................................................................................................................................................................6
9.......................................................................................................................................................................10
10.........................................................................................................................................................................14
(He) Sings for rain........................................................................................................................................11
14.........................................................................................................................................................................15
15.........................................................................................................................................................................15
17.........................................................................................................................................................................16
18.....................................................................................................................................................................16
19.........................................................................................................................................................................16
21.........................................................................................................................................................................20
22.....................................................................................................................................................................20
23.....................................................................................................................................................................20
24.....................................................................................................................................................................20
26.........................................................................................................................................................................25
27.....................................................................................................................................................................29
28.....................................................................................................................................................................29
31.........................................................................................................................................................................30
32.........................................................................................................................................................................30
33.........................................................................................................................................................................34
3
934.........................................................................................................................................................................34
37.........................................................................................................................................................................35
38.........................................................................................................................................................................39
38
(he) HE it said so that (he) knew the truth
Det N
N N SN–CD
nexus SN–Suj SV–PV
N SN-CI SN-CD N PS Adv Final
SN–Suj SV–PV
OC Subordinate Adverbial Final / Enunciative Affirmative PP and PS: Predicative Active Transitive

OS Syntactic Analysis and O.C.

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Simple sentences

7 The Nominal Predicate

How do you recognize the attribute in a sentence?

» The Verbal Predicate

> The direct complement

> The indirect object

How to distinguish the CD from the IC ?

> The circumstantial complement

> Supplement (Regulated prepositional complement or Regime Complement )

Let's compare these two sentences:

The predicative object of the direct object

Confusion with CC Mode and Attribute .

> The agent plugin

The book was found in poor condition (by its owner).

The Active Prayer .

1. Write the syntactic function performed by the underlined words.

The students listened attentively to the teacher's words.

The students listened attentively to the teacher's words.

2. Indicates the syntactic function of the indicated phrase.

The player will be sanctioned by the committee

The player will be sanctioned by the committee

The children are happy.

The children are happy.

Parse the following sentences.

1. The children are happy.

YOU Predictive Active Transitive

YOU Predictive Passive Reflective / Enunciative Affirmative

YOU Predicative Active Intransitive / Enunciative Affirmative

YOU Predictive Active Transitive / Affirmative declarative

YOU Predicative Active Transitive Reciprocal

YOU Predicative Active Transitive / Enunciative Negative

1 .- THE DOUBLE CONCEPT OF IMPERSONALITY

2 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SEMANTIC

3 .- IMPERSONAL SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC

4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC

1.1. - SYNTACTIC IMPERSONALITY

Strictly speaking, an impersonal sentence is a sentence that has no grammatical subject

Only sentences with zero subjects are syntactic impersonal :

Ex.: It is snowing in the mountains : it is an impersonal syntactic sentence, since

1.2. - SEMANTIC IMPERSONALITY

Ex.: When one looks at the sun, one becomes blind .

Ex: The new representatives have already been chosen .

a.- intransitive verbs: You live well in Spain.

- It is incorrect to use this type of sentences with c. agent:

3.3. - IMPERSONALITY WITH INFINITIVES : in sentences that have a subordinate infinitive

It is also legal to speak of impersonality in cases in which the infinitive is an

4 .- IMPERSONAL EXCLUSIVELY SYNTACTIC

4.5. - OTHER VERBS:

- TRY TO BE (pronominal and unipersonal verb)

1 .- Fifty people can be served / Fifty people can be served

3 .- Cases of semantic and syntactic impersonality should be distinguished:

1 .- Tomorrow the Government statement will be announced

4.- Explain the phenomena of incorrectness that exist in the sentences:

1 .- Tell yourself the differences between these two sentences

'of Subject E.: I am worried that you study a lot.

b. Relative adjectival Specifications

© NicolásChazarra. 2005. Retamar School

» COORDINATED COMPOUND SENTENCES

Here we find the links:

- Name Complement : [I am sure of

- Adjective Complement : [He

[He said that ] He said Luis should play

OC Substantive Substantive of Supplement / Affirmative