PHYSICS MARKING KEY.

QUESTION ONE.
(a)
(b)

QUESTION TWO.
a) Beta particles are negatively charged particles or fast moving electrons.[1]

b) Beta particles have relatively higher penetrative powers compared to alpha particles which

cannot pass through paper. Gamma rays are not affected by the change in paper thickness. [1]

d) Radio activity is not transferable.[1]

 Time in seconds. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Total counts from the start. 50 100 150 195 235 275 315
Counts in 10s. 50 50 50 45 35 25 15

[2]

f) Thickness is increasing. Reason: because the number of counts is reducing or fewer particles

are passing through the paper.[2]

g)(i) 30 seconds.[1]

(ii) d = s x t

=3m/s x 30s [1]

= 90m. [1]
QUESTION THREE.
QUESTION FOUR.
a) 17 x 3.7 x 1010 = 6.3 x 1011 decays per second [3]

(b) 6.3 x 1011x5.5 x 106 x 1.6 x 10-19 = 0.55 W per g [2]

c) Mass required = 4,500 ÷ 0.55 = 8,100 g = 8.1 kg. [2]

d) eff = output/input x 100

7%= output /4,500w x 100

output= 315 W [2]

e) Satellites far from the sun receive too little power / area of panels would need to be too great /
intensity of solar radiation is too low [1]

QUESTION FIVE.

a)F = ma. F= force, m=mass, a=acceleration.

Force= mass x acceleration.

N = Mass x distance/t2

N= kg x m/s2

N= kgm/s2 [3]

N is a Newton. A Newton is defined as a force that would cause a 1kg body to accelerate at
1m/s2. Therefore a Newton dimension of mass and force hence proven.

b) (i)

15N
Resultant.
R2 = x2 + y2

R2 = 152 + 202 [1]

R2 = 225 N + 400N

R2 =625N

R = √ 625 [1]

R = 25N. [1]

(ii) F = ma

a = f/m

a=25kgms-2 /20kg [1]

a= 1.25m/s2.[1]

c) Assumptions
Model the ball as a particle where the only force acting is the constant gravitational force. Let Ѳ
be the angle of projection and x and y be the horizontal and vertical Displacements from the
origin at the time t.

Using the equations of motion for constant acceleration,

R = u2 Sin2Ѳ
G
 60 = (30)2 sin 2Ѳ
10
60 x 10 = 900sin2Ѳ
Sin2Ѳ = 600
900
Sin2Ѳ = 0.6667
2Ѳ = Sin-1(0.6667)
Ѳ = 41.80/2
Ѳ = 20.90 or 900 – 20 = 69.10
Therefore, the two possible angles of projection are:
20.90 and 69.10

QUESTION SIX. (Refer to question for mark allocations)

(i)

(ii
)