UNIVERSITY OF HUÁNUCO QUAERENS VERITATEM

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- Introduction

□ Characterization physics
(physiography,
climatology) in Peru and the world.

□ Coverage vegetable, main

species of flora and fauna.
INDEX
□ Regulatory framework in associated
instruments

□ Maps of ANPs that contain said

ecosystem

□ Potentials and threats in Peru-

Conclusions
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CHAPTER I
Physical characterization
(physiography, climatology) in Peru and the
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PHYSICAL
CHARACTERIZATION
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FLORA AND FAUNA. THE BOTANICAL COMPOSITION VARIES FROM
BOFEDAL TO BOFEDAL DEPENDING ON THE PRESENT AMOUNT OF
WATER, TIME, AND SALT CONTENT IN BOTH THE SOIL AND THE WATER.
GEOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL
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TYPES OF BOFEDALES
WETLAND : Water table above (or very close
to) ground level

PEAT: Organic soil with at least 30% organic

matter

PEATLAND: type of wetland that accumulates

at least 30 -40 cm of peat.
EOGRAPHY

BOFEDAL : high Andean humidity type that

HYSICAL

presents hydromorphic vegetation and generally

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accumulates peat saturated with water seasonal
or permanent
 CLIMATOLOGY OF PERU BOFEDALES
■ Climate is the main determining factor of the type of vegetation and ecosystems as a whole, due to its geographical
position, the climate and vegetation in some cases are tropical, in the Andean parts they are humid and throughout
its territory at any altitude, it is It can delimit local bioclimates based on the relationship between the climate of the
distribution of living beings, including the high Andean region under a tropical thermocline _ -g ppapbu A} I,. — with a
2 3539,
pluvioseasonal bioclimate.
GEOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL
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PHISOGRAPHY OF PERU AND THE

WORLD
 CLIMATOLOGY IN THE WORLD

■ When a coastal wetland or saline

Mediterranean is destroyed, does not have an
optimal state of conservation or is not properly
managed, it can go from behaving as a carbon
sink to being an emitter of greenhouse gases
(GHG).
GEOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL
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CHAPTER II
characterization
Physical

(physiography, climatology) in Peru and the

world
 FAUN
A

They are an Wetlands are also important

important resource for wild animals, Wetlands operate as local hotspots for animals that live in humid
providing them with water, food, shelter
and nesting sites. for birds: ■ Ducks ■ Anas meadows and ponds, such as
flavirostri ■ Anas specularoide amphibians.
Vicuna
■ TOAD
GEOGRAPHY

cizcacha
Taruca ■ THE FROGS
PHYSICAL

White-tailed cattle, puma

 FLORA
Part of the wildlife of the Peruvian wetlands: (a) Lagidium peruanum "vizcacha" in the Distichia peatlands (Moquegua 2013); (b) ducks in the
Distichia peatlands (Moquegua 2014); (c) "huallatas" (Andean goose
Chloephaga melanoptera) in peat meadows (Cusco 2012); and (d) the toad Rhinella spinulosa in peat meadow
(Ayacucho 2012).

P
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SI
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G
E
O
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The botanical composition Flora and Fauna. - varies from bofedal to bofedal

16.4%
grasses
GEOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL

depending on the present amount of water, season, salt content in both the soil and the water, altitude, grazing and management of
the wetland. According to the researchers,
 59.5% juncaceous
species 11.7%
herbaceous others
or species
forbias miscellaneous
12.3% "
graminoid
 Peatland with mosses and shrubs
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Most wetlands are complexes of different plant communities

Distichia peatlands
(Distichia petland)

hydrophilic plants that can be associated with

wetlands -

Peaty meadow
(Ruthsatz 2012). Weberbauer (1945) describes four communities of
GEOGRAPHY

Stream grassland
PHYSICAL
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FLOR
A

P
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CHAPTER III
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ASSOCIATED WITH
 REGULATORY
FRAMEWORK
Peruvian Ecological-Economic Zoning Regulations (DS Nº 087-2004- PCM, article 9)
N_____________________________________________
• The wetlands are conservation protection areas

Regulation
Peruvian Environment for Mining Exploration Activities (DS 20-2008-EM, Article 11)
• No exploration activities or roads may cross wetlands or wetlands, or cause the placement of materials, waste or
any other matter or substance in them.

MRM No.
092-2014-MEM / DM) (MEM 2014)

• Compensation and management measures must be implemented to allow the

replacement (or substitution) of its environmental services.
EOGRAPHY
HYSICAL
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CHAPTER IV
ANP MAP OF LOS BOFEDALES
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ANP MAP OF LOS BOFEDALES

GEOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL
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MAP OF HIGH ANDEAN PASTURES

P
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E
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POTENTIALITIES AND THREATS IN PERU

A marsh is a
Humid ecosystem with herbaceous plants that grow in water (fresh, salty, brackish).
A peat bog is a type of acidic wetland in which organic matter has accumulated in the form of peat.

A swamp is a wet area of large areas of land and shallow water. A swamp generally has a
large number of ledges of dry land, covered by aquatic vegetation. Swamp water can be
fresh, brackish or salt water.
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HIGH ANDEAN ECOSYSTEM IN DANGER

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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOFEDALES:

□ They store water
□ They are a fragile system
□ Can be easily altered
□ They have a padded morphology
□ Mineralized waters
□ Climatic fluctuations ranging from -14 to 20°c
□ They present permanent flooding
□ They are linked to natural water emanations
□ They
originate
in almost
all the river
heads in
the area
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
□ http://mires-and-peat.net/media/map15/map_15_05_Spanish.pdf

Eaaq X.
Pa sgf
□ https://www.minam.gob.pe/wp-
content/uploads/2019/03/Bofedales-caracter%C3%ADsticas-y-su-
importance-faced-with-climate-change%C3%A1tico.pdf

□ Rivas-Martínez, S. & Tovar, O. (1982) Vegetatio Andinae, I.

Facts about the plant communities of the Andes

□ Centrals of Peru. Lazaroa, 4, 167–187. Ruthsatz, B. (2012) Vegetation and

ecology of the high Andean wetlands of Bolivia. Phytocoenologia, 42(3–4),
113–179.
GEOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL