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I.E. BICENTENNIAL
CODE: F-AC-21
of the Independence of the Republic of Colombia

CLASS WORKSHOP VERSION: 02

Date February 02 Code Degree ELEVEN

Name

Ind. of Recognizes the importance, contributions and incidence of Medieval literature in Western
achievement culture.

teacher CLARA ROSA ARIZA ALMANZAR

Subject Language Note Issue . MEDIEVAL LITERATURE

PEDAGOGICAL GUIDELINES

WELCOME again to the continuation of your school process, remember that you are the main character in this story and
that you will have my guidance and advice. I recommend that you organize your time very well and read the instructions
for the different activities very well. Don't forget that the platform is the main communication tool; but we are going to
work on other virtual resources that I will explain.

• Please download to your computer or cell phone and print if this material is provided on the task board.
AND UPLOAD IT AGAIN TO THE BOARD, ON THE INDICATED DATE. EACH SHEET OF THE NOTEBOOK MUST
BE MARKED WITH FULL NAME AT THE TOP OF THE SHEET. Please take the photos well taken in such a way
that they are clear and can be read very well, otherwise the work may be assessed as such.

• SENDING DATE: February 22, submit the INTERPRETATION activities on Medieval literature
(Taking into account that as you finish, organize your PDF and upload it to the board. It is better to do it
either in the morning or at night, so as not to have difficulties with the platform. In this way you avoid
confusing the work of other subjects)
• Read it completely before starting the development and then follow the instructions. And to actively
participate in synchronous classes
• This workshop guide must be developed in the notebook, with good handwriting, spelling and good
presentation.
• March 01 deliver the ARGUMENTATION AND PROPOSAL activities on medieval literature

RULES FOR VIRTUAL CLASSES

•Register with the correct name, as attendance is taken.
• No nicknames.
• Use respectful vocabulary.
• Comply with the other rules that are given during class.
• Enter and turn off the microphones and close the camera.

MEDIEVAL LITERATURE
Previous knowledge

Watching the video in class. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJufuoOQ5qw . Medieval literature

I analyze and know

Let us remember The Middle Ages , which lasted almost a thousand years, was a period of changes and
The Middle Ages is an extensive historical period spanning a millennium, from the 5th to the 15th century.
Although the chronological limits are not precise, it can be stated that it goes from the fall of the Western Roman
Empire to the beginning of the Renaissance.
The Eastern Roman Empire maintained its unity during the Middle Ages and was renamed the Byzantine Empire.
In the West, the Frankish Kingdom was the most solid and durable; Its moment of greatest splendor was the
reign of Charlemagne.
1.1 medieval society

With the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, the cultural legacy, both intellectual and
material, fell to the Church and was concentrated in the monasteries.

The activity of the monks influenced the theocentric conception of the medieval world, determined the

The social organization of the Middle Ages was feudalism, a system based on the obligation of vassals to remain
faithful to their lords in exchange for land or income. The society was organized as follows:
• Nobility. It based its influence on economic power and its political and military strength. It was divided into
alca and lower, and the first, in turn, into knights, warriors who served power and faithfully served the king.
• Clergy. It was divided into aleo and lower clergy. The first, made up of the dignitaries of the Church and
the
second, by the popular sectors.
• Plain town. It was characterized by the absence of privileges. The majority of the population was
dedicated
to agricultural tasks and resided in rural areas, under ties of feudal servitude.
• Starting in the 13th century, a new social group emerged in the cities, the bourgeoisie, whose activity
economy was linked to commercial work. As a consequence of its growing economic power, it achieved a certain
political autonomy.
1.2 medieval literature
The change from classical Greco-Latin culture to Western European culture was a slow transition. Between the
5th and 10th centuries, nationalities, languages, literatures and races were formed and acquired particular
features. Although they took a long time to acquire an identity, over time their characteristics became more
pronounced and they managed to establish themselves in the maples and in literature as the most influential at a
universal level.
THE MEDIEVAL NARRATIVE
Medieval narrative began with the stories recited by minstrels, who went to the cities singing, entertaining
and informing the public. These narratives evolved into the modern forms of novel and short story.
The medieval epic
The epic poems that were written had the characteristics of each nation according to its historical
situation. But the predominant model was the French chansons de geste (11th-13th centuries), which
served as a model for the epic of Romanesque countries and even those located outside the area, as in
the case of the Song of the Nibelungs.
1 The medieval narrative
Although the narrative is most often written in prose, in the Middle Ages most were written in verse.
Narrative prose appears towards the end of this era.
3.2 The narrative in verse
Narrative texts in verse appeared after the 10th century and are characteristic of the formation of new
cultures. Among the forms of medieval narrative in verse, the following stand out:
• Song of deeds . The minstrels recited these oral epic poems, intended to praise the exploits of national
heroes. They were composed in verses of fourteen or sixteen syllables, divided into two hemistichs that
contained formulas of remembrance.
• Romance . These compositions created and disseminated orally emerged as relevant fragments of the
epic songs, but soon became an autonomous genre of diverse themes: love, chivalry, history, among
others.
The married woman gets up
one morning in the garden,
They say that to/ enjoy/ the/ cool: "You'd better sleep!"
• The Song of Roland . This important epic poem in French literature narrates an episode
of war that occurred in 778, although the historical facts are exaggerated or deformed. Roland, chief of
Emperor Charlemagne's rearguard, is betrayed by the sinister Ganelon, who had been sent by the
emperor himself to sign peace with the Moorish king of Zaragoza. Inferior in men, Roland is mortally
wounded and his army is decimated. However, he decides to die with dignity, hugging his sword.
• The Song of the Nibelungs . This German epic was written in the 12th century. Narrates the
tragic story of the hero Sieg-fried, who is murdered despite possessing the supernatural powers acquired
in the world of the Nibelungs by bathing in the dragon's blood. Siegfried also had a cloak that made him
invisible and a sword that increased his strength and agility in combat; Furthermore, he was the strongest,
most daring, noblest and most beautiful of mortals. After the hero dies, the poem is a wonderful plot of
power, intrigue and revenge, starring the hero's wife, Kriemhild.
3.3 The prose narrative
 Prose in the Romance language had a later appearance with respect to verse and was
presented in varied forms and contents.
Some forms were inherited from classical antiquity, such as the example (from the
Latin exem-plum), whose existence was decisive in the development of the story. It
consisted
The Italian Boccaccio, in his work Decameron (1349), carried out a definitive transformation of the
example and gave way to a more modern narrative structure: the novel, which in Spanish is equivalent to
a story. This narrative eliminates the static character of the action of the example and the fixed value of
its moral teaching to make it more problematic or ambiguous.
With the disappearance of feudal society, epic poems and those of the Arthurian cycle began to become
prosified, and this caused an impoverishment of narrative art and its original refinement. Thus a new
modality emerged: the Roman novels of chivalry, adventure stories in prose that
recreated the adventures of knights. Boccaccio's stories are considered the
precursor of the modern bowl.
Adventure stories began to develop in the 13th century and reached their peak
around the middle of the 14th century. The novel will follow fantastic and chivalric
channels.
4.1 The polite novel
It belongs to the type of narratives known as romans of the "matter of Brittany" or
the "Arcuric cycle." The themes of Arthurian legend and the "matter of
Brittany" serve as inspiration for the creation of one of the most important works of the 12th century, it is
about Tristan and Solde, a legend recreated by Chrécien de Troyes, Marie de France and Goccfried von
Strassburg, in which it is narrated the torn and fatal love of these two characters.
The death of King Arthur
This is how the king saw the misfortunes that were going to happen to him. In the morning, when he got
up, he heard mass before arming himself, and, as best he could, he confessed to an archbishop all the
sins of which he felt guilty towards his creator; After confessing and giving thanks, he told her about the
two visions he had had the previous nights. When the holy man heard them he said to the king: "Alas!
Lord, for the salvation of your soul, your body and the kingdom, return to Dovres with all your people, ask
Lancelot to come to your aid" [...]
4.2 Books of chivalry and chivalric novels
In the late Middle Ages, the narrative of the knight-hero emerged as a poetic sublimation of the military
reality of the time. Few narratives, written in prose or verse, present two forms.
The books of chivalry. They emerge around the 12th and 13th centuries and trace the biography of a
knight who treasures moral virtues (honor, fidelity and loving loyalty) and physical virtues (extraordinary
strength and skillful handling of weapons), who wanders as a knight-errant through a world. full of
wonders and portents, in a space of exotic geography and presented in very remote times. Among this
type of literature we find Amadís de Gaula and Lancelot.
The chivalric novel. It takes place between the 14th and 15th centuries, and is characterized by its
relative realism, since it is inspired by knights who really existed in Europe, who in turn imitated the
knights of literature.
The best-known chivalric novel, Tirante el Blanco, written by Joanot Martorell, is described by Cervantes
 as the best book in the world. We must not forget that Don Quixote, written by this Spanish author, has
its origins in the chivalric novel.
4.3 The medieval tale
Only towards the end of the Middle Ages does the bowl acquire its final shape. However, short stories in
verse and prose preceded it.
Among the first known bowls in the Middle Ages are the examples, short narrative texts with a moralizing
purpose. One of its representatives is Don Juan Manuel, with his work El conde Lucanor, considered one
of the first works that precede the structure of the modern story.
The Corcan narratives of eight-syllable verse, known as the lays or lais, appeared in the 12th century.
This genre was cultivated, among others, by María de Francia. It is worth highlighting Lai de la
honeysuckle, which narrates in a very succinct way the loves of Triscán and Isolda, an impossible
relationship that ends with the death of its protagonists.
4.4 Tristán e lsolda
lsolda, young and beautiful, is Marco's wife, but falls in love with Triscán, her husband's nephew. The
couple meets secretly to materialize their love. They want to hide the truth of their relationship and have
to invent stratagems and daring stories, but inevitably they are discovered and betrayed. The offended
husband punishes the Amanees with capital punishment and orders that their graves be separated from
each other, and that a hawthorn and a rose bush be planted on top of them, which represent pain. Once
they grow, the bushes link together in a simulated embrace. As many times as they are cut by gardeners,
the branches reconnect.
Other expressions of short story are the Italian nove/lino and the French fabliaux; Both take place
between the 13th and 14th centuries and their themes are folklore and chivalric legend.
THE MEDIEVAL LYRIC
Lyrics emerged very early in all cultures because through them feelings were manifested. Work in the
fields, parties and meetings were accompanied by poetry and music that allowed them to be
memorized.

Lyrics emerged very early in all cultures because through them feelings were manifested. Work in the fields,
parties and meetings were accompanied by poetry and music that allowed them to be memorized.
The troubadours were the author-poets who developed their maple, trovar, in the Provencal chores. The term
troubadours contained two functions: composing verses and inventing a melody, since it was written poetry
intended for the canco.
The influence of the troubadours spread throughout the north of France and throughout Western Europe: in the
oil language they were called troubadours, and in Germany, minnesinger (singers of the feeling of love).
1. The French lyric
Along with the Romans, polite poetry flourished, which sought to move through the play of images and rhythm.
The first examples come from the troubadours of southern France, who from the 12th century onwards took love
as the central theme of their production.
The forms of lyricism evolved over the centuries, depending on the audience to whom they were addressed. The
most prominent authors of that time were Rutebeuf and Francois de Monccorbier, called Vil Ion, whose work The
Great Testament was one of the first printed in France (1489).
2. English lyric
With the Franco-Norman occupation of England during the 11th century, Latin was imposed as a cultured
language, and Old English was reserved for prose writings. Later, when poetry in the English language re-
emerged, the Saxon background completely disappeared and versification techniques and French meter were
introduced, the style became more lively and the rhemes were the same as those of medieval French liceracura.
Godfrey Chaucer (1340-7400) is considered the father of English poetry.
3. Italian lyric
Italian literature began in the Provençal language, between the years 1220 and 1250, almost two centuries
behind French literature. The first poetic school of the vernacular language was called Sicilian or the Magna
Curia and served to strengthen the use of the mother tongue in Italy.
The bourgeois environment and the university environment of the 13th and 14th centuries fostered a poetic
renewal. From this change emerged the stil nuovo, which although it did not mark a formal transformation of
poetry, it did do so in the conceptual field. The most representative authors of the new style were Guido Ginizelli
and Guido
Cavalcanti.
In parallel to this profane and loving poetry, a religious type is produced, whose greatest representative was
Saint Francis of Assisi with his work Canticles of the Creatures. This work is considered the first poetry in the
Italian language and its theme is the exaltation of the divine manifest in creation, this means showing the
presence of God in nature.
4. German lyric
The clerics of southern Germany, called goliards, wrote the poems that were published in the 12th century under
the name Carmina Burana. Unlike troubadour poetry, whose axis is the theme of love, Goliarda lyric sought to
reflect on the brevity of life and the uncertainty of destiny, starting from profane themes, inadmissible in the
Christian literature of the time.
THE DIVINE COMEDY
The Italian poet Dante Alighieri deserves a separate chapter in the history of literature. Although he lived
between the 13th and 14th centuries, he was ahead of his time and opened the doors of a new era: the
Renaissance. His capital work, the Divine Comedy, changed the course of Western literary history and is
considered the first European masterpiece.
During the 14th century, Europe was affected by a great crisis. Feudal structures falter to give way to the
creation of modern States and the Church suffers a weakening of its power. This was a period of contradictions:
a deep religious sense and at the same time a faith in human values were reflected in art and literature.
The crisis of the medieval world represented a positive stage as a whole, as it meant the change towards a new
period. This change was slow, and it must be said that it was essentially an intellectual transformation. From
Italy, the country most disconnected from the feudal system, this renewal, fundamentally literary, radiated to the
rest of Europe.
Dante Alighieri's work reflects the new sensitivity based on faith in human beings and their abilities and
announces a way of conceiving the world that is defined with the term humanism.
With the Divine Comedy, Dante is the first poet to take up the poetic, religious and intellectual past of Europe
and merge it with the aesthetics and philosophy of Antiquity.
Although he wrote his work in the Middle Ages, he projects the coordinates of the Renaissance and gives
channel to the desire for knowledge of humanism. This characteristic is what gives this literary work one of the
main places in the canon of universal literature and gives it validity centuries after having been published.
2. Interpretations of the Divine Comedy
The Divine Comedy is the symbolic poem of Dante's intellectual and spiritual adventure, told in the manner of a
supernatural journey to Hell, Purgatory and Paradise. The poem is written in hendecasyllabic verses and its title
was Comedy. Different interpretations can be given to the work.
• It can be inferred that love constitutes the salvation of the soul, since the poet travels from Hell to
Paradise in search of Beatriz.
• Another reading can tell us that the path to love requires reason to reach paradise;
Beatrice (or grace) needs the guidance of reason, embodied in the poet Virgil.
• Finally, you can read a criticism of political acts that have their just consequence. HE
He believes that Dante created hell to symbolically confine there those who differed from his ideology and took
him into exile.
Beyond the different interpretations of the hidden meaning in this work, in its pages you can read the religious
universe of the Middle Ages, at the time of Dante, already in a process of transformation due to the new visions
of the world that were beginning to emerge. shake the theocentric vision of reality. Furthermore, the Divine
Comedy offers a map of Dante's affinities and disagreements with his time.
3. Structure and symbology of the Divine Comedy
The universe of the Divine Comedy is structured in a symmetrical way. Mathematical rigor and poetic
imagination account for the symbology of the numbers 3 and 10, which thus bring together the medieval
Christian world and the classical Greek world.
• The number 3, a Christian symbol, represents the sacred Trinity: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
• It symbolizes the balance and stability related to the triangle: the work is divided into three parts,
which correspond to three kingdoms: Hell, Purgatory and Paradise.
• Each kingdom is divided into three parts and 33 songs, which are told in tercets (stanzas of three
verses).
• Furthermore, there are three main characters: Dante personifies man, Beatrice represents faith, and
Virgil represents
reason.
• On the other hand, 10 is the perfect number for the Pythagoreans, since it has the sense of totality and
return to unity at the end of the cycle of the first nine numbers.
• It is also the image of the totality in motion: the songs that make up the work are 100
(ninety-nine of the three kingdoms plus the introductory song, in Hell), a number multiple of 70.
Hell and Heaven are composed of ten levels.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
INTERPRET

1. A summary of the video

2. Prepare a conceptual map with the theme of medieval narrative.
3. He elaborates brilliantly on medieval poetry.

4. Read the fragment and answer the questions.

They had been condemned by the Church and persecuted by the Inquisition, many writers reviled them and
finally society forgot them: what fear inspired this conspiracy? I have read a few books on chivalry [...] and I think
it was the official world's fear of the imagination, which is the natural enemy of dogma and the origin of all
rebellion. At a time of apogee of scholastic culture, of closed orthodoxy, the fantasy of the authors of chivalry
must have been unsubmissive, their free and blinders-free vision of reality subversive, their delusions daring,
their fantastic creatures disturbing, their diabolical appetites .
Mario Vargas Llosa. Prologue to Tirante el Blanco (fragment).

a. What is the ideological climate towards the end of the Middle Ages that the fragment reveals?
b. What does Vargas Llosa find so attractive in books of chivalry?
c. What type of literature do you think currently performs the same function as books of c
chivalries, Quote some work.
d. What values of knights-errant would be good to preserve in the 21st century?

5. What similarities and differences do you find between Greek and medieval heroes? Establish a parallel

6. Consult the biography of: Homer, Sophocles Virgil; Ovid and Horace,

ARGUMENT.

7. Summary of the Divine Comedy video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-adH8-WhSs

8. Read the following extract and answer the questions.

Blancandrin, at the head of an embassy, goes to Charlemagne's Camp, which is in Cordres, and before the
emperor and his main knights they explain what Marsil has decided. Roland, nephew of Charlemagne, rejects
the proposal because Marsil is a traitor who had some emissaries that the emperor sent him in peace be
beheaded, and demands that Zaragoza be besieged until it surrenders.
Anonymous. Song of Roland

a. What degree of reality and what degree of fantasy do you think are found in medieval epic literature?
Justify your answer.
b. Do you think that the medieval epic had any impact on the politics of its time?
Explain why.
8. What made these figures last over time and determine subsequent literary themes?

9. Read the following fragment of the Divine Comedy and identify the elements of the medieval Christian
world and the Greek classic. Explain its meaning.

The glory of the one who moves the whole world fills the universe and shines

in some parts more and in others less.

I was in the sky that receives the most light, and I saw things that cannot and does not know how to repeat
whoever comes down from there [...] Oh good Apollo, in the last task make me a vessel of your power as full as
you demand when giving your beloved lauro! One summit of Parnassus so far was enough for me; But both of
them now need the missing race.
Enter my chest, and speak through my mouth just as when you tore Marsyas from the sheath of his still living
limbs. [ ... ]

10. What characteristic makes the Divine Comedy a work that is valid centuries after it was published?

PROPO N.

11. . Reading the first 20 pages of the work of the ANTI-POP League and developing the activities before
reading the booklet.

Assessment. Prepare the evaluation for MARCH 1 Date.

Rubric