COMMENT ON THE EVOLUTION OF PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION.

Nursery schools were born with purely welfare purposes and their evolution has
been slow until reaching the current educational kindergartens.

Its evolution was carried out through stages, each of them very well defined.

 Care Instructional Stage.- Here the first schools flourished in the middle of
the 18th century, with the “Darmen Schools”, the “Children's Homes” and
the “Playful Schools”, all of these institutions were intended to collect
children from the most vulnerable families. humble This stage had a double
purpose to protect children from vagrancy and begging. Its merely assistive
nature was, therefore, very marked.
 Educational Stage.- In 1837 Federico Froebel opened his first kindergarten
in Blankenburg, Turgia, so pre-school education itself began. From this
moment on, a true revolution begins that pursues educational purposes
through play, the education of the senses.

The progress of other sciences helped shape new kindergartens.

At the end of the 19th century, two notable institutions emerged. On the one hand,
the “kindergartens” in Madrid. On the other hand, “open-air schools”.
The splendor of these gardens continued in the 20th century and lasted until very
few years ago.

Currently: This education is the fruit of the teamwork of various professionals for
the well-being of pre-school education.
Preschool education as a problem that concerns all governments has become
internationalized.

Currently, pre-school education translates into a large number of activities of

various kinds.

INDICATE THE QUALITIES OF CHILDREN'S EDUCATION AT THE DAWN OF

THE NEW MILLENNIUM.
It is a time of change, both at school and in other institutions.
Until now, school learning has been supported in the GUTERMBERG galaxy, since
most of the pedagogical activities have focused on work with books and printed
materials. However, in the world of people's daily lives, especially children, books
coexist with computers and the Internet.

We can say that children born in the last decade of the 20th century are the first
generations born and socialized under the idiosyncratic cultural forms arising
from the omnipresence of digital technologies.

For this reason, an important educational goal should be the training of users who
are aware of the use of technology.
DEFINE THE CONCEPT OF PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION.
It is the set of actions that the adult exercises to contribute to the development of
the child, creating necessary conditions for their well-being until they achieve
independence and their own identity.

In general, children from 2 to 6 years of age are considered preschool age.

MENTION THE CHARACTERISTICS AND OBJECTIVES OF PRE-SCHOOL

EDUCATION.

The main objective of pre-school education is to promote the comprehensive and

harmonious development of the child's social-affective capacities, taking into
account the characteristics of his or her age. With the application of said objective,
the child is achieved:

 Acquire autonomy and personal identity

 Relate to nature, so that you prepare to take care of the manifestations of
life.
 Development through language forms of creative expression of your
thoughts and your body.
 Become aware that you live in society, through group work and cooperation
with children and adults.
 They sensitively approach art and culture and express themselves in these
fields using various materials and techniques.

Another objective of the nursery school is to promote the subject's adaptation
to the natural and social environment. It is vitally important to form habits and
attitudes taking advantage of play and collective work that facilitate better
development and adaptation to the environment.
Finally, nursery school must prepare the development of aesthetic and moral
feelings in the subject.

DETAIL THE NEED FOR INITIAL EDUCATION.

The following fundamental reasons can be highlighted that make the

institutionalization of preschool education necessary.

 Social Reasons: In a large number of cases, the family today has fewer and
fewer possibilities to adequately attend to the education of their children. The
incorporation of women into professional life, the physical and cultural
conditions in which many families operate, are factors that require centers that
welcome children from an early age and replace to a certain extent the family
function.

 Psychological Reasons: The discoveries of psychology have highlighted the

enormous importance of the early years. It is not strange, then, that an attempt
is made to channel those first years of childhood life by creating schools that
are truly incubators of virtues and professional balance.
 Pedagogical reasons: The same pedagogy recommends that, adjusting to the
needs, interests and maturation of the child at each age, early childhood
education begins very early.
Children's chances increase if they have previously received adequate
preparation in nursery schools.

Other studies reveal that the majority of schoolchildren from nursery

schools progress normally, requiring less time for the advancement
corresponding to a school semester.

 Therapeutic Reasons: In the healthy and educational environment of nursery

schools, far from the negative influence of some families, early diagnosis and
treatment of anomalies can be achieved, both in the mental and character
fields.

MENTION THE COMPETENCES AND ESSENTIAL LEARNING FOR THE

EDUCATION OF THE FUTURE.

Four essential learning and competencies are specified for the education of the
future.

1. Learn to know : Oriented towards the fact that education should enable
each person, from childhood, to learn to understand the world around
them, to live with others. The pleasure that being able to understand,
know and discover produces in every human being is justified.

2. Learning to do : Aimed at teaching how to put learning into practice

and adapt it to a world that is constantly changing.

3. Learning to be : Provide the student with autonomous, critical thinking

that allows him to make his own judgment, to determine for himself
what he should do in the different circumstances of life.

4. Learning to live together : Teach to live with others, this is

undoubtedly one of the main objectives of contemporary education,
aimed at knowing others and contributing with them in common
projects, as a strategy to resolve conflicts that may arise. in the life.
Age What children do What you need
0 to 3 They start to smile. Protection against physical
months They follow people and objects damage.
with their eyes. Proper nutrition.
They prefer bright colors. Adequate health care.
They reach out, they discover their Appropriate language
hands and feet. stimulation-
They raise and turn their heads in Sensitive and attentive care.
the direction of the sound.
They cry, but calm down if you hug
them.
4 to 6 They smile frequently. Protection against physical
months They prefer parents and older damage.
siblings. Proper nutrition.
They repeat actions with Adequate health care.
interesting results. Oral rehydration therapy,
They listen carefully, respond when hygiene.
spoken to. Appropriate language
They laugh, they murmur, they stimulation.
imitate sounds. Sensitive and attentive care.
They put objects in their mouths.
They sit if held, they spin, they
scurry, they bounce.
They touch objects without using
their thumb.
7 to 12 They remember simple events. All previous. Protection against
months They identify themselves, as well as physical damage.
body parts, familiar voices. Adequate nutrition.
They understand their own name Adequate health care.
and other common words. Oral rehydration therapy.
They say their first meaningful Appropriate language
words. stimulation
They explore, throw, shake objects. Sensitive and attentive care.
They find hidden objects, put
objects in containers.
They sit alone.
They crawl, they stand up, they
walk.
They may seem shy and annoying
around strangers.

1 to 2 They imitate adult actions In addition to the above,

years They speak and understand words support for: Acquiring motor,
and ideas. language and thinking skills.
They enjoy stories and experiment Develop your independence.
with objects. Learn self-control.
They walk steadily, climb stairs and Opportunities to play and
run. explore.
They assert their independence, Play with other children.
but prefer people who are familiar Health care should include
to them. purging.
They recognize ownership of
objects.
They develop friendships.
They solve problems.
They show pride in their
achievements.
They like to help with homework.
They begin to learn to play.
 PREPARE A CHART RELATED TO THE STAGES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT.

As children develop, they need different types of stimulation and interaction to

exercise their skills and to develop new ones. At every age, it is essential to meet
basic health and nutrition needs.

ANALYZE THE DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES OF THE CHILD'S PERSONALITY.

For the diagnosis of the child's personality, there are techniques that have been
studied that gave optimal results:

 The interview technique: This technique will be used directly on the child, but
accompanied by his mother.
This technique will help us collect not only psychological but also
chronological data. For the interview to be satisfactory, language
appropriate to the child's age must be used and the interview will be
carried out following a guide of questions for the child.

 The observation technique: This technique is an effective means for diagnosis.

Observation will be carried out using various guides that are applied according
to the age of each child and their own reality.

SUGGEST A STRUCTURE OF THE PRE-SCHOOL PROGRAM APPLICABLE IN

YOUR CONTEXT.

The program has a national character, which means that in all preschools it must
be carried out either in public or private institutions.
In each grade, activities with different levels will be designed and the
achievements achieved by the children will be considered.

The program is organized based on competencies.

It is important to highlight that a competence is not acquired in a defined way, it is

only expanded, which is why the child must confront it through didactic situations.

The program is open in nature.

The educator is responsible for designing rich and new things for the student, we
can also adapt it to our reality and social environment in which we do not find
ourselves.

The game: Main learning strategy in kindergarten.

It is suggested that we take into account the entire scheme presented to us by the
Ministry of Education, but as an open program we can adapt it to our reality and
that of our students and community in general, taking into account that the child is
the main motive and reason. of our professional career.

EXPLAIN THE MAIN FUNDAMENTALS OF SENSORY EDUCATION.

The relationship life that surrounds the child begins through the senses, since from
the sensations the child begins to build his or her own ideas; That is why, from the
beginning, guidance is necessary in the interpretation of sensory impressions.
Like, the child from a very young age feels attraction for everything that is close to
him and has enough sensory stimulation to capture attention and stimulate the
corresponding sensory organ. He sees the objects, he wants to pick them up, put
them in his mouth, hit them, examine them, drop them...
At the age corresponding to preschool education, the child is already in a position
to process information, this capacity being essential for adaptation and survival.
The educator is obliged to put the greatest effort into the orderly and coordinated
presentation of everything that children can perceive, making sensory education
the most important part of the curriculum at this pre-basic level.

HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE LEARNING CORNERS?

It can be implemented as follows:

 Construction corner: Here the child will develop his spatial intelligence, his fine
motor coordination and his ability to observe and build shapes, sizes, etc. It can
be used: Building blocks, wooden blocks, plastics, shoe boxes, etc.
 Dramatization corner – home: This sector provides the child with real spaces,
developing rules and spaces for coexistence, where the child interacts with his
or her reality. Can be used: Home, kitchen, tables, costumes, etc.
 Quiet games corner: The child will be able to play reasoning and problem-
solving games. It can be used: Memory game, lace, blocks, stringing, etc.
 Communication and language corner: This sector is intended for the first forms
of oral or written communication, the child will be able to express himself by
speaking, writing, reading. Can be used: Vocabulary cards, magazines,
newspapers, index cards, story books, etc.
 Science corner: The child will be able to discover the properties and objects
and living beings through observation. Can be used: Magnifying glasses,
sponges, corks, scissors, etc.
 Art corner: It is aimed at the development of the child's creativity and free
expression. Can be used: Paints, crayons, temperas , colors, etc.
 Music corner: The child will be able to develop his sensitivity, memory,
attention and tranquility according to the melody. Can be used: Musical
instruments, knock knock sticks, tambourines, cymbals, etc.
 RECOMMEND THE PRACTICES TO BE CARRIED OUT IN AN INITIAL
EDUCATIONAL CENTER, FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SENSORY EXERCISES.

Sensory exercises are of great importance first because they produce

sensory experiences, enhance creativity and develop skills. They are a very helpful
tool in the transition between self-focused activity and more social activity. With
this type of games, children try to create with their action the elements closest to
the reality they live.
The materials used are of utmost importance, since their use will lead to
discoveries, creations, inventions, and all of this will lead to establishing significant
knowledge.

 Provide contact with nature, with plants, animals, teach them and see their
evolution.
 Teach them to become independent.
 Play mini chef with them.
 Use buttons, bottles, cubes of different shapes and sizes for him to classify.
 Carry out small experiments where they participate very actively.
 Let them use their creativity with paints and brushes.
 Let them feel the materials before using them.
 To play outdoors.
 Encourage him and value his work.
 Let them build towers of different sizes.

COMMENTS ON TECHNIQUES FOR PROTECTING THE SENSES OF THE

TODDLER TO RECEIVE CAREFUL LEARNING.

Taking into account that all our senses are very important for the development of
our daily lives, especially in children who are in school, that is why we teachers are
called to teach children the care and hygiene of all our senses, so that children
receive quality learning.

DESCRIBE THE MONTESSORIAN SENSORY EXERCISES.

Sensory education occupies a prominent place in Momtessori's work. The material

is made up of a system of objects grouped by the physical qualities of the bodies.

Exercises proposed by Montessori.

 Combined senses. It is about developing several senses simultaneously.

 Exercises for touch. The child manipulates the silhouettes of the figures
with his fingers, works with puzzles, fabrics, boxes, cubes, etc.
 Exercises for vision