Name:Alwi Shihab Daulay

Niim:2220300036

Lesson:7

Developing Contextual Understanding for Listening

In order to develop communicative competence, students need to understand the way

speaking and listening can be adjusted to meet the demands of a variety of

contexts. They also need to be aware of the ways in which spoken language can be

manipulated for different purposes Students learn that the purpose, audience and

situation affects the decisions and choices that they make This is known as the

situational context Students also need to know that sociocultural beliefs, values and

assumptions affect those participating in a communication. This is known as the

socio-cultural context.

Students need to understand that what they say and how they say it will be interpreted

and evaluated by others It is important that students understand the ways in which

context affects the message they are trying to communicate

Students intuitively gain some understanding of situational and socio-cultural context

by imitation, observation and repetition. However, it is important not to leave this

to chance Students need to be provided with opportunities to reflect on language

use and how it varies according to purpose, audience, situation and subject matter.

Situational Context

The decisions that students make about their speaking and listening will vary

according to the context. These decisions are influenced by the following.

Socio-cultural Context

There are many socio-cultural factors that influence the composition und

comprehension of spoken texts.

The way that people use spoken language reflects and shapes their view of the world

Speakers and listeners are strongly influenced by their gender, ethnicity and status

Spoken language is used to establish relationships and group identity

There are many different varieties of English around the world, including varieties of

Standard English. Each variety reflects and shapes socio-cultural attitudes and

assumptions.

What Students Need to Know

Students to speak and listen effectively for various purposes and audiences, they need

to be aware of the following:

Speakers and listeners make critical decisions when composing and comprehending

spoken texts.

Speakers adjust their speech as they identify with different groups

Speakers and listeners' consideration of different points of view can confims broaden

or challenge an existing view.

I Speakers and Listeners Make Critical Decisions When Composing and

Comprehending Spoken Texts

Students need to learn how to vary the language they use according to the context they

are in, this is known as changing register Reyoster is made up of three components

2 Speakers Adjust Their Speech as They Identify with Different Groups

Over time, students come into contact with a variety of groups outside their immediate

family who use specialised words and ways of speaking They might interact with a

wide range of people who are outside the school context