ANSWER KEY - Gravitation - 11-6-2024

TEST PAPER 5
PHYSICS
Std. 12th
Date: 10.06.24 Time : 90 Minutes Total Marks : 100[+4,-1]
1. MCQ Type I
The variation of acceleration due to gravity g with distance d from centre of the Earth is best
represented by (R=Earth’s radius)
g g g g
(A) (B) (C) (D)

d d d d
O R O R O R O R
[JEE Mains - 2017]
Ans. (C)
2. If the radius of the earth wre to shrink by oe per cent, its mass remaining the same, the acceleration due
to gravity on the earth’s surface would
(A) decrease (B) remain unchanged
(C) increase (D) be zero
[IIT EE Mains - 1981, 2M]
Ans. (C)
3. MCQ Type I
A rocket is launched normal to the surface of the Earth, away from the Sun, along the line joining the
Sun and the Earth. The Sun is 3×105 times heavier than the Earth and is at a distance 2.5×104 times
larger than the radius of Earth. The escape velocity from Earth’s gravitational field is ve=11.2km s
1
. The minimum initial velocity (vs ) required for the rocker to be able to leave the Sun-Earth system
is closest to (Ignore the rotation and revolution of the Earth and the presence of any other planet).
(A) vs  72 kms 1 (B) vs  22kms 1 (C) vs  42kms 1 (D) vs  62 kms 1

[Jee Adv. - 2017] [SBT]
Ans. (C)
M s  3  105 M e
r  2.5  104 Re
For escaping, the total energy of projectile in gravitational field of sun + earth shall be zero.
1 2 GM s m GM e m
mvs   0
2 r Re
1 2 G  3  105 M e GM e 2GM e
 vs    vs   13  13ve  42kms 1
2 2.5  10 Re
4
Re Re
Rajkot : “Suraaj”, 2nd 3rd Floor, 5/C Jaldeep Park, Limbudiwadi Main Road, Off. Kalawad Road,
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6 PHYSICS
4. MCQ Type I
Consider an expanding sphere of instantaneous radius R whose total mass remains constant. Theexpansion
is such that the instantnaeous density  remains uniform throughout the volume. The rate of fractional
 1 d 
change in density   is constant. The velocity v of any point on the surface of the expanding
  dt 
sphere is proportional to:
(A) R3 (B) 1/R (C) R (D) R2/3
[JEE Adv. - 2017, P-2]
Ans. (C)
5. A satellite is revolving in a circular orbit at a height ‘h’ from the earth’s surface (radius of earth R;
h << R). The minimum increase in its orbital veloc ity required, so that the satellite could escape
from the earth’s gravitational field, is close to: (Neglect the effect of atmosphere).
(A) 2gR (B) gR (C) gR / 2 (D) gR  2 1 
[Jee Main - 2016] [SBT]
Ans. (D)
For near surface satellite, orbital speed is
v0  gR
Escape speed is v  2 gR
v   2 1  gR
R
6. From a solid sphere of mass M and radius R, a spherical portion of radius   is removed as shown in the
2
figure. Taking gravitational potential V = 0 at r   , the potential at the centre of the cavity thus formed is (G
= gravitational constant)
GM GM 2GM 2GM

(A) (B) (C) (D)
R 2R 3R R
[JEE Mains - 2015]
Ans. (A)
7. A large spherical mass M is fixed at one position and two identical point masses m are kept on a line passing
through the centre of M (see figure). The point masses are connected by a rigid massless rod of length l and
this assembly is free to move along the line connecting them. All three mases interact only through their mutual
gravitational interaction. When the point mass nearer to M is at a distance r = 3l from M, the tension
®
TEST PAPER 7
in the rod is zero for m  k  M / 288 . The value of k is:
M m m
r l
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7

[JEE Adv. - 2015, P-2]
Ans. (D)
Figure below shows the forces acting on the masses

Net force acting on the masses will be zero at the given separation, so we use
GMm Gm 2 GMm Gm 2
   2 M m Gm/l2 Gm 2/l2
 3l   4l  m
2 2
l2 l 3l GMm/(3l)2 GM/(4l)2
1 1  7
 M     2m  M m  k=7
 9 16  288
8. A bullet is fired vertically upwards with velocity v from the surface of a spherical planet. When it reaches its
maximum height, its acceleration due to the planet’s gravity is 1/4th of its value at the surface of the planet. If
the escape velocity from the planet is vesc  v N , then the value of N is (ignore energy loss due to atmosphere);
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
[JEE Adv. - 2015, P-1]
Ans. (B)
Gravity at the surface of earth is given as

GM
g surface 
R2
Gravity at a height h above the surface of earth is given as
GM
g'
 R  h
2
GM GM  Rh
2
Rh

Given that R  h 2
  4R2    4  2
 R  R
 R + h = 2R  h=R
9. From a solid sphere of mass M and radius R, a spherical portion of radius R/2 is removed, as shown
in the figure. Taking gravitational potential V = 0 at r   , the potential at the centre of the cavity
thus formed is: (G gravitational constant)
2GM GM GM 2GM
(A) (B) (C) (D)
R 2R R 3R
Ans. (C)
®
8 PHYSICS
M
Removed part has mass 
8
GM  3 2 1  R 2   3 GM / 8  GM
Vcentre of  Vdue to M  V  3  R        
cavity
due to
M
8 R  2 2  2    2 R / 2  R
10. A spherical body of radius R consists of a fluid of constant density and is in equilibrium under its
own gravity. If P(r) is the pressure at (r < R), then the correct option (s) is (are)
P (r  3R / 4) 63
(A) P (r  0)  0 (B) P(r  2 R / 3)  80
P (r  3R / 5) 16 P (r  R / 5) 20
(C) P(r  2 R / 5)  21 (D) P(r  R / 3)  27
[Jee Adv. - 2015] [SBT]

Ans. (B, C)
Consider a cylinder of fluid extending from surface (A) to a point (B) at a distance r from the
centre. Cross section of the cylinder is S . Pressure at B is
To Find weight of cylinder, consider an elemental length dx as shown.
dW    Sdx  g
Acceleration due to gravity at distance x from the centre is
4
G R 3  
GM 4
g  3 x  3 3 x  G  x
R R 3
4 4
R
2
 dW  G S xdx 
2
 W  G 2
 S  xdx  G2 S  R 2  r 2 
3 3 r
3
W 2
P   G2  R 2  r 2 
S 3
Using the above expression you can check which of the given options are correct.
2014 - JEE Mains & Advanced
1
11. A planet of radius R   (radius of Earth ) has the same mass density as Earth. Scientists dig a
10
well of depth R/5 on it and lower a wire of the same length and of linear mass density 10 –3 kgm–1
into it. If the wire is not touching anywhere, the force applied at the top of the wire by a person
holding it in place is (take the radius of Earth = 6 × 10 6 m and the acceleration due to gravity on
®
TEST PAPER 9
Earth is 10ms ) –2
(A) 96N (B) 108N (C) 120N (D) 150N

[Jee Adv. - 2014] [SBT]
Ans. (B)
Acceleration due to gravity at a distance x from the centre is
GM
g x
R3
Force on a small element of length dx of the wire is
GM
dF   dm  g   dx  x
R3
Total gravitational force on wire
GM 1  2 16 R 2  9 GM
R
GM
F
R3  xdx  R 2 2  R  25   50 R
4R
5
External agent must apply equal force on the wire in radially outward direction to hold it in place
9 GM
 Fext 
50 R
1
Volume of planet is times of volume of Earth.
1000
Me
 Mass of planet M  1000
9 M e 9 GM e 9  103 9  103
 Fext  
50 1000  Re 5000 Re
   e e 
g R  10  6  106
5000 5000
10
= 108 N
12. Four particles, each of mass M are at the vertices of a square and move along a circle of radius R,
under the action of their mutual gravitational attraction. The speed of each particle is:
(A)
GM
R
(B) 2 2
GM
R
(C)
GM
R

1 2 2  (D)
1 GM
2 R
1 2 2  
Ans. (D)
®
10 PHYSICS
Force on mass at A due to masses at B, C and D are
GM 2
Fc 
 2R 
2
GM 2 GM 2 GM 2
FB  FD   
 AB   
2 2
2R 2R2
Resultant force on mass at A is along AC.
GM 2  1 1 
F  FB2  FD2  FC  
R 2  2 4 

GM 2
4R2

2 2 1 
This force provides centripetal force.
Mv 2 GM 2
R

4R 2 
2 2 1  v 
1 GM
2 R
2 2 1   
13. MCQ Type II
Two bodies, each of mass M, are kept fixed with a separation 2L. A particle of mass m is projected
from the mid-point of the line joining their centres, perpendicular to the line. The gravitational
constant is G. The correct statement(s) is (are) [2013]
(A) The minimum initial velocity of mass m to escape the gravitational field of the two bodies is
4 GM / L
(B) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to escape the gravitational field of the two bodies
is 2 GM / L
(C) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to escape the gravitational field of the two bodies
2GM
is
L
(D) The energy of the mass m remains constant
[Jee Adv. - 2013] [SBT]
Ans. (B, D)
Energy of mass m is conserved as gravitational force is conservative.

For m to just escape,
1 2 GMm GMm GM
mu   0 u 2
2 L L L
14. What is the minimum energy required to launch a satellite of mass m from the surface of a planet
®
TEST PAPER 11
of mass M and radius R in a circular orbit at an altitude of 2R?
2Gm M Gm M Gm M 5Gm M
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3R 2R 3R 6R
Ans. (D)
GMm  GMm  5 GMm

E  E f  Ei   
2  3R   R  6 R
15. MCQ Type II

Two spherical planets P and Q have the same uniform density  , masses MP and MQ, and surface areas A
and 4A, respectively. A spherical planet R also has uniform density  and its mass is (MP + MQ). The
escape velocitis from the planets P, Q and R, are vP, vQ and vR, respectively. Then
(A) vQ > vR > vP (B) rR > vQ > vP (C) vR/vP = 3 (D) vP/vQ = 1/2
[AIEEE - 2012]
Ans. (B, D)
16. The mass of a spaceship is 1000 kg. It is to be launched from the earth’s surface, out into free
space. The value of ‘g’ and ‘R’ (radius of earth) are 10ms–2 and 6400 km respectively. The required
energy for this work will be:
(A) 6.4 × 1010 Joules (B) 6.4 × 1011 Joules
(C) 6.4 × 108 Joules (D) 6.4 × 109 Joules
[AIEEE - 2012] [SBT]
Ans. (A)
GMm
Energy neede is   gmR  10  1000    6400  103   6.4  1010 J
R
17. A satellite is moving with a constant speed v in a circular orbit about the earth. An object of mass m is
ejected from the satellite such that it just escapes from the gravitational pull of the earth. Ar the time of its
ejection, the kinetic energy of the object is:
[Jee Adv. - 2011] [SBT]
1 3
(A) mV 2 (B) mV 2 (C) mV 2 (D) 2mV 2
2 2
Ans. (B)
1
 
2
Escape speed (ve)  2v0  K m 2v0  mV 2
2
18. A binary star consists of two stars A (mass 2.2 Ms) and B (mass 11 MS), where MS is the mass of the sun.
They are separated by distance d and are rotating about their centre of mass, which is stationary. The ratio
of the total angular momentum to that of star B about the centre of mas is?
[JEE Adv. - 2010, P-1]
®
12 PHYSICS
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9
Ans. (A)
Figure below shows the situation described in the question for the binary star comprising two stars A and B.
Angular mometnum of A is given as
LA  m A rA2
Angular momentum of B is given as
LB  mB rB2
Ratio of total angular momentum to that of star B is given as
LA  LB LA m r2
K   1  A A2  1
LB LB mB rB
The radii of their orbit around centre of mass is inversely proportional to their masses, which are given as
rA mB 11
  5
rB mA 2.2
rA rB
1
 K   52  1  6 d
5
6
19. Gravitational acceleration on the surface of a planet is g, where g is the gravitational acceleration on
11
the surface of the earth. The average mass density of the planet is 1/3 times that of the earth. If the
escape speed on the surface of the earth is taken to be 11 kms–1, the escape speed on the surface of the
planet in kms–1 will be.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
[JEE Adv. - 2010, P-1]
Ans. (C)
Ratio of escape velocities at planet and earth is given as

vp 2 g p Rp gp Rp
   ....(1)
ve 2 g e Re ge Re
Given that mass density of planet is (2/3) times that of the mass density of earth so we use
Mp 2 Me 3
 Mp
2 Rp
4 4
 R 3p 3  Re3  M  3 R3 ....(2)
3 3 e e
Gravitational acceleration on planet 6 / 11 Acceleration due to gravity, so we use

GM p 6 GM e Mp
6 Rp
2
  M  11 R 2 ....(3)
R p2 11 Re2 e e
From equations (2) & (3), we have
®
TEST PAPER 13
3 2
2 Rp 6 Rp Rp 3 6
   ....(4)
3 Re3 11 Re2 Re 22
From equations (1) and (4), we have
vp 6 3 6 18 3
     v p  3 km / s
ve 11 22 242 11
20. A thin uniform annular disc (see figure) of mass M has outer radius 4R and inner radius 3R. The work
required to take a unit mass from point P on its axis to infinity is
P
4R
3R
4R
2GM 2GM
(A) (4 2  5) (B)  (4 2  5)
7R 7R
GM 2GM
(C) (D) ( 2  1)
4R 4R
[Jee Adv. - 2010] [SBT]
Ans. (A)
Consider a ring of radius x and with dx. Mass of ring element is
M
dm   2xdx  2 M xdx
 16 R  9 R 
2 2
7 R2
Entire mass dm is at a distance r from point P, where
r  16 R 2  x 2
 Potential at P due to dm is
Gdm 2 GM xdx
dV    2
r 7 R 16 R 2  x 2
Potential due to given disc is
4R
2M xdx
V  2
7R 
3R 16 R 2  x 2
For integration take 16R 2  x 2  t
®
14 PHYSICS
1
 2xdx  dt  xdx  dt
2
And t  25R 2 when x  3R
t  32R 2 when x  4 R
32 R 2
2GM 1 dt 2GM  2GM 
V     32 R 2  25R 2    4 2  5
2   7R2 
2
7 R 2 25 R 2 t 7R
PE of unit mass at P is V.
PE of unit mass at  is zero.
W  0  V 
2GM
7R
4 2 5  
21. Gravitational acceleration on the surface of a planet is 6 / 11g , where g is the gravitational
acceleration on the surface of the earth. The average mass density of the planet is 2/3 times that
of the earth. If the escape speed on the surface of the earth is taken to be 11 kms –1, the escape
speed on the surface of the planet in kms–1 will be
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) None
[Jee Adv. - 2010] [SBT]
Ans. (C)
GM P 6 6 GM e
 g 
RP2 11 11 Re2
4 3 4 3
RP  p R  6
3 6 3 e e
   R p p  Ree
R p2 11 Re2 11
2 6 Rp 3 6
 Rp  Re   ...(i)
3 11 Re 22
4
2G R 3  
Escape speed, v  2GM 3

R R
v  R 
®
TEST PAPER 15
vp Rp  p 3 6 2 3 3
      v p   11  3kms 1
ve Re e 22 3 11 11
22. The height at which the acceleration due to gravity becomes g/9 (where g = the acceleration due to
gravity on the surface of the earth) in terms of R, the radius of the earth, is:
R
(A) 2R (B) (C) R/2 (D) 2R
2
Ans. (A)
Acceleration due to gravity at height h is
g g
2
 h
 h 9 1  3  h  2R
1   R
 R
23. A spherically symmetric gravitational system of particles has a mass density

 0 for rR
 
 0 for rR
Where 0 is a constant. A test mass can undergo circular motion under the influence of the gravita-
tional field of particles. Its speed v as a function of distance r(0 < r <  ) from the centre of the
system is represented by
v v v v
(A) (B) (C) (D)

r r r r
R R R R
[Jee Adv. - 2008] [SBT]
Ans. (C)
When circular path is 1.
4 
Gm  x3  0 
2 4G0
mv 3  v x  vx
 2 3
x x
[Force s only due to mass inside sphere of radius x]
When path is 2  x  R 
®
16 PHYSICS
4 
Gm  R 3  0 
2 40 R 3 1
mv 3  v 
 2 3 x
x x
1
v
x
24. Statement-1: An astronaut in an orbiting space station above Earth experiences weightlessness.
Statement-2: An object moving around Earth under the influence of Earth’s gravitational force is
in a state of “free-fall”.
(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
(B) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion’
(C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
(D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
[Jee Adv. - 2008] [SBT]
Ans. (A)
25. A planet in a distant solar system is 10 times more massive than earth and its radius is 10 times
smaller. Given that the escape velocity from the earth is 11 kms–1, the escape velocity from the
surface of the planet would be
(A) 1.1 kms–1 (B) 11 kms–1 (C) 110 kms–1 (D) 0.11 kms–1
Ans. (C)
2GM p 2G10Me
v  1
Rp Re/ 10  10  11  110kms
®

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TEST PAPER 5

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) vs  72 kms 1 (B) vs  22kms 1 (C) vs  42kms 1 (D) vs  62 kms 1

For near surface satellite, orbital speed is

GM GM 2GM 2GM

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7

Figure below shows the forces acting on the masses

Gravity at the surface of earth is given as

[Jee Adv. - 2015] [SBT]

(A) 96N (B) 108N (C) 120N (D) 150N

Acceleration due to gravity at a distance x from the centre is

Force on a small element of length dx of the wire is

Resultant force on mass at A is along AC.

Energy of mass m is conserved as gravitational force is conservative.

GMm  GMm  5 GMm

15. MCQ Type II

Ratio of escape velocities at planet and earth is given as

Gravitational acceleration on planet 6 / 11 Acceleration due to gravity, so we use

From equations (2) & (3), we have

Consider a ring of radius x and with dx. Mass of ring element is

Entire mass dm is at a distance r from point P, where

For integration take 16R 2  x 2  t

And t  25R 2 when x  3R

Acceleration due to gravity at height h is

23. A spherically symmetric gravitational system of particles has a mass density

(A) (B) (C) (D)

When circular path is 1.

[Force s only due to mass inside sphere of radius x]

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