LEARNING SESSION Nº 4

I.- GENERAL DATA

1.1. Educational institution : Toribio Seminar No. 7067

1.2. UGEL : 01
1.3. Cycle, grade and section : VII 4º “B”
1.4. Area : social Sciences
1.5. Date : June 19, 2008
1.6. Duration : 2 hours
1.7. Issue : Employment. Unemployment and underemployment in Peru
1.8. Practitioner teacher : Walter Paz Ruiz
1.9. Advisor : Patricia Huapaya Collado
1.10. Senior teacher : Marcelino Cerna Tafur

II.- TRANSVERSAL THEME:

Education for national identity and interculturality

III.- ORGANIZATION OF LEARNING:

EXPECTED
BASIC CONTENT INDICATOR INSTRUMENT
ABILITY LEARNING
EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT AND
UNDEREMPLOYMENT IN PERU

1. PEA
Discriminates
Discriminates
2. Employment information about
information about 2.1. definition employment,
employment, 2.2. Current proposals underemployment
underemployment 3. Unemployment
and
and unemployment 3.1. Definition
Critical unemployment to Worksheet
to assess the
judgement 4. Underemployment assess the evaluation guide
importance for 4.1. Definition importance for
personal and
personal and
country
country
development.
development.
using a worksheet

Layout in Practice the rules of

- I respect
front of the coexistence Checklist
- Solidarity
area
 IV.- DEVELOPMENT OF THE SESSION:

LEARNING SITUATION TIME RESOURCES

START:
- Perform the “I want to be” dynamic (annex 1)
- Answer the following questions
 Are your favorite activities related to the job you aspire to?
 What is employment? 10 minutes. Bond leaves
 What do you think is the labor situation in Peru?
 Why is there so much unemployment and underemployment?

PROCESS:
- Listen to the explanation of the topic “Employment, unemployment and
underemployment in Peru” by the teacher who will use notes on the topic 20 min Appendix 2
(annex 2) and a percentage diagram of the EAP in Peru (annex 3) Theme notes
- Participate by answering the questions and take notes in your notebook about
what was developed. Annex 3
 Is employment related to people's age? Because? percentage diagram of the EAP
 How could the employment situation in Peru be improved? 20 min in Peru.
 In our context, is employment, underemployment or unemployment more
common? Because?
 What is necessary to access a job? 10 minutes School Text Approaches 4
- They solve the activity suggested on page 79 of their book Approaches 4 on half
a bond sheet.

- Receive the worksheet “Employment, unemployment and underemployment in Annex 4

Peru” (annex 3) based on the following indications: Worksheet
- Maintains order and cleanliness in the development.
- Take care of spelling and handwriting in your writing.
 - Consult your doubts with the teacher. Annex 5
- Socialize their answers (3 or 4 students) voluntarily and guided by Conclusions
The teacher. (Annex 5)
- Listen to the readjustment or consolidation that the teacher makes on the topic.
EXIT:
 Task:
10 minutes
Answer the following question
- What conditions must a young person have today to access a job?

IV.- REFERENCES

4.1. FROM TEACHER

 BERNEDO Jorge (1995) Economy Employment in Peru: Diagnoses and proposals
Peru, ADEC-ATC Labor Association for Development
 HENRÍQUEZ Ayin Narda (2006) The problem of employment in Peru
Peru, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, FondoEditorial
 VERDERA Francisco (2002) Employment in Peru: A new approach
Peru, Institute of Peruvian Studies.
 http://www.slideshare.net/lulimainza39/el-trabajo-en-el-per on June 14, 2008

4.2. FROM THE STUDENT:

 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (2005) Approaches 4
Lima, Ministry of Education.

(APPENDIX 1)
 DATA SHEET
DYNAMIC “I want to be”

o AIM:
Identify their personal and work interests so that they value the importance of decent employment.

o MATERIALS
 Cards with bond sheets
 Pencils
 type cleaner

o DURATION:
 10 minutes

o DEVELOPMENT
 Each student receives three blank cards, on one they will write their name, on the second the activities they like to do
the most and on the third what they would like to work on and then they will paste it on the board.

 They answer the following questions orally as input to understand the work reality:
- What relationship do our interests have with the reality of work?
- What is necessary to achieve decent employment?
- What is employment?
- For what reasons does unemployment exist? How is it related to our personal performance?

 The teacher presents a reflection based on the answers.

REFLECTION: The Peruvian labor market has a high level of unemployment and even more unemployment, which leads
us to worry about being people capable of competing in a difficult environment, which requires excellence and effort.
 EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT IN PERU

EMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT UNDEREMPLOYMENT

 CONCEPT:
CONCEPT: It is the situation of one or
It is the work, occupation or trade that several people who are part of
a person performs for another person the population of working age
or company in exchange for financial and willing to do so, but do not
remuneration. have a job.
 CONCEPT:
It is when you do not work a
minimum number of hours per
week or you do so only
sporadically, without sufficient
regularity. These jobs
generally earn little.

*THE BIGGEST PROBLEM IN THE

PERUVIAN LABOR MARKET IS
THE LOW RATE OF GOOD JOBS
AND LOW PRODUCTIVITY.
 EVALUATION GUIDE OF THE “Work Sheet”

CAPACITY: Critical judgment

INDICATOR Discriminates information about employment, underemployment and

unemployment to assess the importance for personal and country development. using a
worksheet
BACKGROUND SHAPE

On-time product
Calligraphy and

cleanliness
Main ideas

coherence

Order and
Synthesis
capacity

delivery
spelling
TOTAL
100%

4 4 4 3 2 1 20
2
PTOS. PTOS. PTOS. PTOS. PTOS. PTO. PTOS.
Points

No
NAMES AND SURNAMES
.
1 Iveth Patricia ALVAREZ ZAVALA
2 Katherine ANCI GASTELÚ
3 Liz Paola ANCI GASTELÚ
4 Lucerito Edith ARAPA ALVAREZ
5 Victoria Estefany AYBAR CHAVEZ
6 Flor de María BARZOLA DELGADO
7 Magaly BETETA MARTEL
8 Rafael Jonhatan CARDENAS QUISPE
9 Sara Norma CARDENAS QUISPE
10 Yanet CARHUARICRA PARINA
11 Nadia Fiorella GABRIEL HUALLANGA
12 Alexander Paul GUTIERREZ REYES
13 Jesus Nilton HUANCA RAMIREZ
14 Juanita Elizabeth JACOBO HUAMANÍ
15 Yoissi Polet LOPEZ VEGA
16 Antonia Magali MAMANI HANCCO
17 Mariluz MENESES FLORES
18 Carlos Enrique MONTES ÑIQUE
19 Adrian Gustavo MUÑOZ LÓPEZ
20 Trinidad PAUCAR MIRANDA
21 Diana Lourdes ROMERO ENCISO
22 Brenda Pamela TICONA BALCAZAR
23 Cinthia TRUJILLO MENDOZA
24 Karina VERA HUAMANÍ
25 Jhonatan ZAMORA BARRAZUETA
26 Flor María ZAPATA PEREZ
I.E. TORIBIO SEMINAR N° 7067

27 Luz Marina ZÚÑIGA ALVAREZ

WORK SHEET

NAME: ________________________________ SELF-ASSESSMENT 10%_____

GRADE AND SECTION: ___ TEACHER: Walter Paz DATE ___/___/___

1. READ CAREFULLY.

Julio wakes up very early in the morning, at 15 years old he knows

that he must leave at 5:00 in the morning to go for a few rides on
the motorcycle taxi, at 12 noon after a long morning of work with
some How many soles in his pocket, he gets ready and puts on his
uniform and heads to school.

a. DO YOU THINK THE CASE PRESENTED IN THE READING IS

COMMON? WHAT'S YOUR OPINION ABOUT IT?

2. WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE BIGGEST LABOR PROBLEM IN

PERU? BECAUSE? (4 PTS.)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

3. WHAT ARE TWO MEASURES YOU WOULD TAKE ON A PERSONAL

LEVEL TO IMPROVE THE PROSPECTS OF HAVING A DECENT
JOB? (4 PTS.)
1. __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

4. WHAT TYPE OF JOB ARE YOU PROJECTING? BECAUSE? (6 PTS)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT

1. PEA

2. Employment
2.1. Definition
2.2. Full employment

3. unemployment
3.1. Definition
3.2. Guys

4. Underemployment
4.1. Definition
4.2. Guys

1. EMPLOYMENT:

1.1. Definition:

It is the provision of physical or intellectual activity that a person

performs to a natural person or employer, or a legal entity or
company in conditions of subordination, that is, maintaining an
employment relationship – boss – employee – in exchange for
economic remuneration called salary. or salary.

1.2. Full employment:

It refers to the situation in which all citizens of productive working age,

and who wish to do so, have a job.

According to this definition, the unemployment rate in a situation of

full employment would be "0", discounting the rate of unemployed
people who are in the process of changing from one job to another, or
waiting for a temporary job, which does not are considered when
establishing the concept of full employment. The same happens with
unemployed people who do not want to find a job at that moment,
although they are registered to collect unemployment benefits.

In economics, full employment is that situation in which the demand

for labor is equal to the supply, at the given level of real wages. Full
 employment is usually considered a situation in which there is only
frictional unemployment (they are looking for another job).

In Peru, the search for full employment goes through the primary
process of eliminating unemployment and reducing the rate of
underemployment.

2. UNEMPLOYMENT:

2.1. Concept:
Situation of one or several individuals who are part of the population
of working age and willing to do so, but do not carry out any economic
activity.

2.2. GUYS:

a. Cyclic
This type of unemployment is when employment occurs only for one
cycle, it is the most harmful because in this case its consequences
can lead countries with weak institutions to generalized violence and
finally civil disobedience. In developed countries, the situation can
cause changes in state policies until definitively the adoption of a
different economic system as a penalty for institutional weakening.

b. Structural
Structural unemployment technically corresponds to a mismatch
between supply and demand of workers. This kind of unemployment
is more harmful than seasonal unemployment and frictional
unemployment. In this type of unemployment, the supply
characteristic is usually different from the demand characteristic,
which makes it probable that a percentage of the population will not
be able to find employment on a sustained basis. Due to the above,
economists linked to the State cannot admit that a country is under
this type of unemployment since it is a serious situation for a salaried
population of a certain point or sector. Furthermore, in a free market
context, added to the crisis of the salaried masses is that of medium
and small companies that fail to adapt their response to the cyclical
crises of the capitalist system in which only large business
conglomerates - holding companies - can function.

The main characteristics that warn of structural unemployment are:

 Sustained mismatch between the quality and characteristics of

supply and demand.
 Misadaptation of all economic actors with respect to the external
economy and inability of the internal market to alleviate this
difference.
 Graphic obsolescence of a given production model.

c. Frictional:
 Frictional unemployment (due to rotation and search) and
unemployment due to job mismatch (due to discrepancies
between the characteristics of jobs and workers) appear even
when the number of jobs coincides with the number of people
willing to work. work.

d. Seasonal:
Seasonal unemployment unemployment that varies with the
seasons of the year due to seasonal fluctuations in the supply or
demand of labor. We speak of seasonal unemployment, on the
other hand, to refer to that which occurs due to the fluctuating
demand that exists in certain activities, such as agriculture, for
example.

UNEMPLOYMENT IN PERU

The lack of employment in Peru is not a recent problem, but has been
happening for many years. This problem has generated various attitudes in the
population that see migration as the main solution to this problem. Another way
to end this problem is the creation of MYPEs that employ many people through
the creation of small businesses. Next, we will explain one of the main
consequences of unemployment.

Various social consequences are generated from the lack of employment. The
main one being the migration that most people resort to, mainly Peruvians who
see a better job future abroad or simply believe that in any other country the
situation is better than in Peru. The main reasons why people emigrate are high
unemployment rates, misery, lack of economic and social resources, violence
and war, they are always the reasons that force individuals and entire families
to seek means of subsistence far away. of his own land. In all this, migration
has become a social problem. Another social consequence, but which is given
as a solution to the problem, is the creation of MYPEs (Micro and small
businesses) that seek to generate employment and help many people with
enthusiasm to progress. An example of them would be "Gamarra", a
conglomerate of industrial, commercial and service companies dedicated to the
manufacture of clothing that brings together approximately 10 thousand
companies that employ approximately 60 thousand people.

There are groups especially affected by unemployment. Firstly, probably the

most affected group is young people, who have unemployment rates equivalent
to almost twice their average. One of its probable determinants is that young
people have less work experience, which reduces their chances of entering the
labor market. An interesting fact is that in the last decade the youth
unemployment rate has decreased slightly and the unemployment of individuals
over 50 years of age has increased. From our point of view, the issue can be
reduced to the fact that today's young people have a higher level of education
than the older generations, in terms of employment, they cost less to
companies. In this context, adults find an unfavorable outlook. Another group
affected by unemployment is women, whose unemployment rate has usually
been clearly higher than that of men. Finally, it has also been observed that the
poor exhibit higher unemployment rates. For example, it is shown in Lima that
the poor have shown an unemployment rate equivalent to almost double that of
those who are not poor.

Solutions

The way to reduce unemployment and to live better is to distribute the available
work, working fewer hours per week.
Obviously the solution to unemployment lies in generating more jobs.

So the question would be, What kind of jobs should be generated?

On the one hand, propose attracting foreign investments and on the other hand
consider that the focus would have to be towards SMEs (small and medium-
sized companies).

Both are good, in fact these are usually the solutions that all countries seek, the
only thing missing would be the incentive for national industries and companies
and all the alternatives that are usually taken into account would already be
there.
From my point of view, I support the solution of promoting SMEs.
Foreign investment is the alternative towards which countries tend to lean, since
foreign companies inject capital in the short term, it does not cost the state a
cent and it generates a social vision of well-being, which is very positive for a
ruler who must face elections in very short periods.
Although it is a solution to unemployment, this system reduces the
independence of the economy, creates holes in the economy (capital flight) and
there is also the negative of knowing that the country does not keep 100% of
the profits it generates.

3. UNDEREMPLOYMENT

3.1. CONCEPT:
It is when a person trained for a certain activity cannot work due to
unemployment, so they choose to take minor jobs in which they
generally earn little.

3.2. GUYS
Several types of underemployment can be distinguished.
 Invisible underemployment involves performing jobs that
generate insufficient productivity, insufficient income and/or
make inadequate use of the workers' capacity.
 Visible underemployment includes those people who, while
employed, involuntarily work fewer hours than the normal day.
A third type is productive underemployment, which has to do
with the form of organization and the characteristics of the
productive units.