ANDINA UNIVERSITY OF CUSCO

architecture facuilty

Professional School of Architecture

COURSE: RESTORATION AND VALUE OF MONUMENTS

THEME: THE ADMIRAL'S HOUSE

TEACHER:

- Vera Nathali Bow

STUDENTS:

- Clinton Mena Huillcaya

- Miagros Ingrid Quispe Rodriguez
- Mishell Karolaen Tumba Chavez
- Quillahuaman Coanqui will give

Cusco-Peru

2022

INTRODUCTION

The Casa del Almirante is a colonial mansion located in the city of Cusco, Peru. It is currently
owned by the National University of San Antonio Abad of Cusco and is home to the Inka
Museum . It is part of the monumental area of the city of Cusco that was declared a world
heritage site by UNESCO in 1983 . It is located on the same site where, during the Inca era , the
palace of the Inca Huascar was built. Since then it served as the home of various historical
figures such as the last viceroy of Peru José de la Serna or the Protector of the Peru-Bolivian
Confederation Andrés de Santa Cruz .

Since 1972, the property has been part of the Monumental Zone of Cusco, declared a Historical
Monument of Peru. Likewise, in 1983, being part of the historic center of the city of Cusco, it
was part of the central area declared by UNESCO as Cultural Heritage of Humanity .
The house of Admiral Aldarete Maldonado in Cusco is one of the oldest colonial mansions in
Cusco, similar in style to the mansions of Extremadura in Spain from the 16th century, it has its
own characteristics prior to those of the earthquake of 1650, the same one that converted the
Cusco in a city with distinctly Baroque characteristics. According to those who understand the
architectural subject, they indicate that it is a mansion in the Mannerist style.

GEOGRAPHIC SITUATION

The Inca Museum or The Admiral's House, is located on 154 Ataúd Street, next to the Plaza del
Colegio San Francisco de Borja, in one of the main points of the Plaza Mayor of Cusco.
The building began to be built during the Inca Empire . It is known that this site served as the
home of Inca Huáscar, the last Inca of the Cuzco dynasty . . After the arrival of the Spanish
conquerors to the city of Cusco and the Spanish founding of the city , in 1535 the lands of the
imperial city were distributed among the conquerors. This plot was given to Diego de Almagro
who settled in it as his home .
Due to its proximity to the Plaza de Armas and the Cathedral and its colonial architecture, it is
one of the main tourist spots in the city of Cusco.
Access to this location is accessible as it can be reached by vehicle or on foot.

GEOGRAPHICAL FRAMEWORK

CLIMATE
The climate in the city of Cusco is relatively temperate, with cold nights and sunny days. The
weather is very changeable: it can go from bright sunshine to torrential rain in just minutes.
Temperatures range between 13ºC. (55.4ºF) and 15 ºC. (59ºF), and it is like this in almost the
entire southern region of Peru.
HUMIDITY
The month with the highest relative humidity is February (66%). The month with the lowest
relative humidity is August (46%). The perceived humidity level in Cusco, measured by the
percentage of time in which the humidity comfort level is muggy, oppressive or unbearable,
does not vary considerably throughout the year, and remains virtually constant at 0%.

PRECIPITATION
The wettest season lasts 4.4 months, from November 16 to March 30, with a greater than 27%
chance that any given day will be a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Cusco is
January, with an average of 15.5 days with at least 1 millimeter of precipitation.
The driest season lasts 7.6 months, from March 30 to November 16. The month with the fewest
wet days in Cusco is July, with an average of 0.8 days with at least 1 millimeter of precipitation.

HISTORICAL AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

The Inka Museum is the oldest and most popular in the city. Founded as an archaeological
museum in 1848, it was incorporated in 1919 into the National University of San Antonio Abad
(UNSAAC). After the devastating earthquake of 1950, the museum was moved to its current
location in the Casa del Almirante, a colonial mansion built in the 19th century. XVII by
Admiral Francisco Alderete Maldonado in the same style as the baroque mansions of
Extremadura, in Spain. This building has a long history and is believed to have been associated
with both the Inca Huáscar and the conquistador Diego de Almagro. The collection of world-
class antiquities kept and displayed here is the product of work carried out by local and foreign
archaeologists, as well as private collectors.
It was used as the Episcopal Palace by Archbishop Juan Manuel Moscoso y Peralta in 1779 and
1784. At the beginning of the 19th century the house became the property of Mr. Pablo del Mar
y Tapia . In 1824 it served as the Viceregal Palace upon the arrival in Cusco of the last Viceroy
of Peru José de la Serna . In 1835 it served as the government house with occupation by the

Protector of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation Andrés de Santa Cruz . Subsequently, the house
became the property of Benigno de la Torre del Mar , whose descendants owned it until the 20th
century when they transferred it to the San Antonio Abad National University of Cusco, which
installed the Regional Historical Museum of Cusco in it, known today as the Inka Museum

The Inca museum, like other important sites for the pre-Inca and Inca times, is preserved to the
present day. Many of these were affected by the 1950 earthquake and had to be restored.
Regarding the chronological order, the Inca Museum teaches us that the development of various
pre-Inca and Inca cultures has its own characteristics prior to those of the 1950 earthquake, the
same one that turned Cusco into a city with clearly Baroque characteristics. According to those
who understand the architectural subject, they indicate that it is a Mannerist style mansion. The
City of Cusco It was the political, administrative and religious capital of Tahuantinsuyo. In the
15th century, the Inca Pachacuteq redesigned its urban layout, turning it into a large urban
complex that remained the main city of the empire until the 16th century, when it was
transformed again by the Spanish. This second transformation consisted of maintaining the Inca
layout and buildings on which temples and stately homes were erected, such as the Temple of
Santo Domingo in Qoricancha or the Cathedral of Cusco in Quishuarcancha, property of the
Inca Wiracocha, among other buildings of great importance. importance and value during the
Tahuantinsuyo. Cusco preserves in the architecture of its buildings and urban design
extraordinary constructive expressions of both cultures, maintaining its authenticity and
integrity, despite the accelerated growth of the city.

HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE BUILDING

• Data and first news about the previous building

The building began to be built during the Inca empire , the exact start date of which is unknown.
It is known that this site served as the home of the Inca Huascar , the last Inca of the Cuzco
dynasty. After the arrival of the Spanish conquerors to the city of Cusco and the Spanish
founding of the city , in 1534 the lands of the imperial city were distributed among the
conquerors.

During the conquest, the place was awarded to Diego de Almagro, and later owned by
Hernando Machicao. The property passed to Governor Juan Álvarez Maldonado, and later to his
son Francisco Maldonado de Anaya. One of the latter's daughters, Mariana Cornejo, called with
Admiral Don Francisco Alderete Maldonado. (precisely the noble shield on the front of the
house, you belong to this couple) Captain Alderete Maldonado held important positions in the
leadership of the city, being governor and mayor. In 1643, the owner was Catalina Gutiérrez de
los Ríos, daughter of Mariana Cornejo's first marriage to Diego Peralta y Mejía. The son of this
couple and owner of the house was Pedro Peralta de los Ríos, first count of the Conchacalle
lagoon. After that, the house became the property of the Convento de la Merced. This
congregation took the auction, awarding Lic. Diego de Barrio Mendoza, a native of Potosí, died
in 1761. Thus he passed to the cathedral chapter. Since the palace was property of the church,
the archbishopric Juan Manuel Moscoso y Peralta used it as his episcopal seat.
In 1821, following independence, the viceroy fled from Lima to Cusco, at the invitation of the
Constitutional Court of Cusco. The Admiral's Palace was enabled to serve as the Government
House. In 1835, the notary Pablo de Mar y Tapia was the owner, who prepared the property for
such an illustrious tenant, the protector Don Andrés de Santa Cruz. The Torre Mar family were
heirs until the end of the 20th century, in 1979 the UNSAAC acquired the property. COPESCO
tower, beginning the restoration, and then inaugurating the admiral's house as the Regional
Historical Museum of Cusco, today the Inka Museum.

DATE OWNER AND/OR LESSEE DESCRIPTION

There is no
It was the fortress of Huáscar and Manco Inka
exact date

1534 • Diego de Almagro

He is credited with the initial construction at this
• Hernando Machicao
location.
• Governor Don Juan Alvarez Maldonado
 1692 • Mariana Cornejo (granddaughter of the governor) She became the owner of the property in 1692.
married to Admiral Francisco Alderte Maldonado They are what give the property its current
appearance. The arms of the families are depicted
on the shields: Maldonado de Anaya and
Alderte Maldonado.

There is no Don Pedro de Peralta de los Rios (first count of the He lived in this house until his death in 1702
exact date Conchacalle lagoon)

There is no Passage to the property of the Convent of La Merced This congregation took the auction, awarding Lic.
exact date Diego de Barrio Mendoza, a native of Potosí,
died in 1761. This is how it happened to the
cathedral chapter

1761 He went to the cathedral chapter Since the palace was property of the church, the
archbishopric Juan Manuel Moscoso y Peralta
used it as his episcopal seat.

1821 Viceroy Don Jose de la Serna Following independence, this viceroy fled from
Lima to Cusco, at the invitation of the
Constitutional Court of Cusco. The Admiral's
Palace was enabled to serve as the Government
House

1835 Headquarters of the government of the Peruvian-Bolivian At this time, the notary Pablo de Mar y Tapia was
confederation. The protector Don Andres de Santa Cruz the owner, who prepared the property for such an
settled there. illustrious tenant.

TWENTIET Bernardo de la Torre, under hereditary authority, UNSAAC,

H CENTURY acquired the COPESCO tower, beginning the restoration. The Whose heirs of the occupation until the end of the
1975 Regional Historical Museum of Cusco was inaugurated, 20th century, this Torre Mar family were owners
1979 today the Inka Museum of the Maranura and Huyro estates, Benjamín de
la Torre Mar was also the owner of the Urcos and
Quispicanchis weaving factory
 • Biographical data about the author of the building and its extensions and the
artistic stage in which he developed his activity

The admiral's house comes from one of its most famous owners, Admiral Francisco Alderete
Maldonado, who occupied the house until his death in 1643.

Francisco Alderete Maldonado, was born in Salamanca Spain, and died in 1643, his parents
were FRANCISCO ALDERETE RIOMAYOR and BEATRIZ MALDONADO CHAMIZO , he inherited the
said d. Franeisco Gutiérrez de los Eíos. Married to Mariana Maldonado Cornejo . Francisco
Alderete Maldonado. He took office on December 22, 1621. On March 15, 1624, the first Butler
of the Hospital of the Spirit was elected by the Brothers.
He was a native of Extremadura. The merits and services that Admiral Francisco de Alderete
Maldonado rendered to His Majesty as such admiral and in other offices that he obtained. The
services of Captain Juan Alonso Palomino and Juan Julio de Ojeda are also recorded, events
that occurred in the conquest of the kingdoms of Peru. Appointed magistrate of La Paz, by royal
provision of February 27, 1620, as successor of Hernani Bonifaz, he took possession of his
destiny on December 22, 1621. Alderete, before completing his period of rest on January 15,
1625. The file found in the National Archive does not have genealogical data on Admiral
D.Francisco Alderete Maldonado, it is a cause followed by Da. Magdalena Moreno de la Raya,
who requests accounts from said admiral, who presents a series of expenses that he has made. It
can be seen that until May 1642, said Admiral was alive since his signature is recorded on that
date. It was in the City of Cuzco and that this is part of a larger file that is in said city. This case
is titled: Fragment of the file followed by Magdalena Moreno against Admiral Francisco
Alderete Maldonado in the case of accounts of the guardianship in her charge, where she lived
in this house until her death in 1702.

HISTORY OF THE DIFFERENT RESTORATIONS OF THE BUILDING

The restoration of the Admiral's Palace has been done in accordance

with all the principles and theories in the UNESCO project PER-
71/539 and the INC has introduced, based on contemporary
concepts of the restoration of monuments and the Venice charter,
the Works were executed by the special executing unit of the INC
for the Pause in Monument Value Sub Project of the COPESCO
plan.
After the 1950 earthquake, the house was somewhat damaged and it
was unconvincingly decided to demolish the operation that took
place from 1952 onwards. There are abundant graphic documents
that show the process of this demolition, the result of which was the
disappearance of a large percentage of original pieces, patio columns and a large percentage of
the coffered ceilings.
Later, seeing the importance of the house, the Tourism Corporation of Peru took charge of the
restoration of the property. Unfortunately, those who were in charge of directing the works did
not observe the Arch's directives. restorer having committed a series of inaccuracies by not
taking into account the original evidence. Due to a series of circumstances, the process was not
completed, leaving the house raised at the level of the first floor on the facades and with the
arches of both floors in the main patio.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK

• Asset Declarations
• Cusco Department
• PROV Cusco
• DIST Cusco

Address Tucumán esq. Coffin M 7- 10, Lot 1. R

LEGAL BASIS RSN° 2900-72-ED

PUBLICATION DATE 12/28/1972 01/23/1973

INSTITUTIONAL RETENTION SERVICE MANUAL

• SCOPE OF INTERVENTION

• Delimitation of the Monumental Zone of Cusco, declared as part of the Cultural

Heritage of the Nation through RS No. 2900-72-ED and expanded the delimitation
through RJ No. 348-1991-INC/J
• Delimitation of the monumental urban environments of the district of Sanago, Plaza de
Almudena, Sanago and Belén, declared as assets that are part of the Cultural Heritage of
the Nation through RS No. 2900-72-ED .
• Delimitation of the Historic Center of San Jerónimo declared as part of the Cultural
Heritage of the Nation through RDN No. 153/INC-2003
• Delimitation of the Monumental Zone of San Sebasán, declared as part of the Cultural
Heritage of the Nation through RS No. 2900-72-ED.
• Isolated historical monuments located within the Province of Cusco

• Urban Situation

The property is located in the historic center, property located in block AE -I historic center
 LEGEND
DELIMITATION BY STRUCTURING AREA
V/// AE -1 HISTORICAL CENTER
EZZ3 AE - II SURROUNDING AREA OE PROTECTION
; ! MONUMENTAL AREA RJ.N* 348-1991 MC()
B OH APAQ ÑAN - ANDEAN ROAD SYSTEM ()
DELIMITATION OF SAQSAYWAMAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK
'//X DELIMITATION OF SAQSAYWAMAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK
W0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

CHRONOLOGY

Previous names:

• House of the Inca Huáscar

• House of the conqueror
Diego de Almagro
• House of Hernando
Machicao
• House of Governor Juan Álvarez Maldonado
• House of Admiral Francisco Alderete Maldonado
• Episcopal Palace of Mr. Juan Manuel Moscoso y Peralta
• Palace of Viceroy José de la Serna
• Palace of Andrés de Santa Cruz
• National University of Cusco

It was used as the Episcopal Palace by Archbishop Juan Manuel Moscoso y Peralta in 1779 and
1784. At the beginning of the 19th century the house became the property of Mr. Pablo del
Mary Tapia. In 1824 it served as the Viceregal Palace upon the arrival in Cusco of the last
Viceroy of Peru José de la Serna. In 1835 it served as the government house with the occupation
by the Protector of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation Andrés de Santa Cruz. Subsequently, the
house became the property of Benigno de la Torre del Mar, whose descendants owned it until
the 20th century when they transferred it to the San Antonio Abad National University of
Cusco, which installed the Regional Historical Museum of Cusco in it, known today as the Inka
Museum After the 1950 earthquake, the house was affected, which is why it was decided to
partially demolish it. Therefore, several original structures disappeared.
CONCLUSIONS

The deterioration that the passage of time generates on objects is often irreversible, causing
irreplaceable losses. Therefore, the importance of acting if what you want is to safeguard the
objects that in a certain way have marked history, whether as Heritage or on a personal level,
and the personal value of the history of common and domestic use, since it also requires
specialized treatment. , a Conservation and if necessary an ethical Restoration that returns the
piece to its initial physical characteristics.

The renovation of an old house aims to adapt this home to the new uses of society, to make it
more efficient, current, modern or increase its value. However, there are priorities when
renovating an old house, such as security.
Throughout the last centuries, this colonial house was occupied by various entities and
personalities; It was the seat of the Archbishopric, then the ephemeral palace of the last viceroy
of Peru and, later, the Government House of Marshal Santa Cruz who directed the Peruvian-
Bolivian Confederation. Already in the 20th century it was acquired by the National University
of San Antonio Abad and, finally, used as the headquarters of the Inca Museum.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1979, R. c. (1979). ADMIRAL'S HOUSE. Cuzco: southern regional center for research
and restoration of monumental assets.

Alessandra, what's up? (2020). ISSUU . Obtained from ISSUU:

https://issuu.com/arquitecturaperuana2/docs/grupo__4_ap_casa_del_almirante
_2020-1

ADMIRAL, L. c. (sf). STUDOCU. Obtained from STUDOCU:

https://www.studocu.com/pe/document/universidad-nacional-de-san-antonio-a
bad-del-cusco/teoria-del-estado/la-casa-del-almirante/2908710

TRADE, E. (sf). Discover Peru . Obtained from Discover Peru: http://www.tierra-

inca.com/album/photos/view.php?cat=13&id=2161

Cristobal, S. (2001). The Cusqueña viceregal house. National University of

Engineering.

Cristobal, S. (2018). The periods of Peruvian viceregal architecture, tourism and

heritage.

L., T. (2008). The dragon ship. Tupac Yawari.

 Samanez, R. (2011). Mannerism and its transition to the baroque in Cusco architecture.
Foundation, cultural vision.

Weatherspark . (2022). Retrieved from Weather Spark:

https://es.weatherspark.com/y/25926/Clima-promedio-en-Cuzco-Per%C3%B
A-for-the-whole-of-a%C3%B1o

DOCUMENTARY ANNEX

• Asset inventory sheet

PHOTO ANNEX

Figure 01: Partially destroyed bays after the 1950

earthquake. Source: Unknown author

Figure 02: The Heraldic shield of the Alderete 1950.

Source: Unknown author

Figure 03: Main façade after the 1950 earthquake. Figure 04: Main patio after the 1950 earthquake.
Source: Antonio Mcndozao Source: Unknown author
 Main Courtyard itUfmoUrJfmf, 1950
Figure 05: Main Palio (demolition) 1950. Figure 06: Main façade from 1952 and 1972
Source: Musco Inka, Unsaac Source: Inka Museum, Unsaac

Figure 07: Main façade, colonial era. Figure 08: Main façade. 2022
Source: PUCP Repository Source:The Peruvian Baroque architect

Figure 09: Main patio from 1979 Figure 10: Main courtyard, 2022
Source: Inka Unsaac Museum Source: Inka Unsaac Museum