20 Chapter

GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND

PROCESSES OF ISOLATION
OF ELEMENTS

Trend
Analysis of NEET and AIIMS (Year 2010-2018)

4
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3 AIPMT/NEET

AIIMS
2

0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Year

Trend
Analysis of JEE Main and BITSAT (Year 2010-2018)

4
JEE Main
Number of Questions

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Chapter Utility Score (CUS)

Exam Weightage Important Concepts Difficulty Level CUS (Out of 10)
NEET 2 Thermodynamic principles of
AIIMS 3 metallurgy, refining of metals 3/5 6.9
JEE Main 2
BITSAT 2
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274 CHEMISTRY
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS 275
 EBD_7374
276 CHEMISTRY

Exercise 1 : Topic-wise MCQs

18. Leaching is a process of
Topic 1: Occurrence of Metals and Concentration of Ores
(a) reduction (b) concentration
1. Which one of the following is an ore of silver ? (c) refining (d) oxidation
(a) Argentite(b) Stibnite (c) Haematite(d) Bauxite 19. Which of the following metal is leached by cyanide process ?
2. Cinnabar is an ore of (a) Ag (b) Na (c) Al (d) Cu
(a) Hg (b) Cu (c) Pb (d) Zn 20. Which one of the following ores is not concentrated by
3. An example of an oxide ore is froth floatation process?
(a) Bauxite (b) Malachite (a) Copper pyrites (b) Pyrargyrite
(c) Zinc blende (d) Feldspar (c) Pyrolusite (d) Zinc blende
4. The natural materials from which an element can be extracted 21. In froth flotation process many chemicals (frother , collector,
economically are called activator, and depressant) are used. Which of the following
(a) ores (b) minerals is a frother ?
(c) gangue (d) None of these (a) CuSO4 (b) NaCN+ alkali
5. The most abundant metal on the surface of the earth is (c) Pine oil (d) Potassium xanthate
(a) Fe (b) Al (c) Ca (d) Na 22. Froth flotation process is based on
6. Which of the following is an ore of tin ? (a) wetting properties of ore particle
(a) Carborundum (b) Epsomite (b) specific gravity of ore particles
(c) Cassiterite (d) Spodumene (c) magnetic properties of ore particles
7. Which of the following is chalcopyrite? (d) electrical properties of ore particles
(a) CuFeS2 (b) FeS2 23. Hydro-metallurgical process of extraction of metals is based on
(c) KMgCl3.6H2O (d) Al2O3.2H2O (a) complex formation (b) hydrolysis
8. Haematite is the ore of (c) dehydration (d) dehydrogenation
(a) Pb (b) Cu (c) Fe (d) Au 24. Assertion : Levigation is used for the separation of oxide
9. Composition of azurite mineral is ores from impurities.
(a) CuCO3CuO (b) Cu(HCO3)2. Cu(OH)2 Reason : Ore particles are removed by washing in a current
(c) 2CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 (d) CuCO3. 2Cu(OH)2 of water.
10. Which one of the following is a mineral of iron ? (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
(a) Malachite (b) Cassiterite correct explanation for assertion.
(c) Pyrolusite (d) Magnetite (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
11. Which one of the following is not a sulphide ore?
correct explanation for assertion
(a) Magnetite (b) Iron pyrites
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(c) Copper glance (d) Sphalerite
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
12. The most abundant element in the earth’s crust (by weight) is
25. Assertion : Leaching is a process of reduction.
(a) Si (b) Al (c) O (d) Fe
Reason : Leaching involves treatment of the ore with a
13. Which of the following pair is incorrectly matched ?
suitable reagent so as to make it soluble while impurities
(a) Magnetite – Fe3O4 (b) Copper glance – Cu2S
remains insoluble.
(c) Calamine – ZnCO3 (d) Zincite – ZnS
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
14. Which one of the following ores is best concentrated by
correct explanation for assertion.
froth-flotation method ?
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
(a) Galena (b) Cassiterite
correct explanation for assertion
(c) Magnetite (d) Malachite
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
15. Cassiterite is concentrated by
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
(a) levigation (b) electromagnetic separation
26. Copper can be extracted from
(c) floatation (d) liquefaction
16. While extracting an element from its ore, the ore is grounded (a) Kupfernical (b) Dolomite
and leached with dil. potassium cyanide solution to form the (c) Malachite (d) Galena
soluble product potassium argento cyanide. The element is 27. Which of the following metal is correctly matched with its
(a) Lead (b) Chromium ore?
(c) Manganese (d) Silver Metal Ore
17. The method of concentrating the ore which makes use of (a) Zinc Calamine
the difference in density between ore and impurities is called (b) Silver Ilmenite
(a) levigation (b) leaching (c) Magnesium Cassiterite
(c) magnetic separation (d) liquifaction (d) Tin Azurite
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS 277

28. Which ore contains both iron and copper? 41. 2CuFeS2 + O 2 ¾¾ ® Cu 2 S + 2FeS + SO 2
(a) Cuprite (b) Chalcocite Which process of metallurgy of copper is represented by
(c) Chalcopyrite (d) Malachite above equation?
29. Which one of the following does not occur as sulphide ore? (a) Concentration (b) Roasting
(a) Zn (b) Cr (c) Ag (d) Fe (c) Reduction (d) Purification
30. Pyrolusite is a/an
(a) oxide ore (b) sulphide ore Topic 3: Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
(c) carbide ore (d) Not an ore 42. According to Ellingham diagram, the oxidation reaction of
31. Sulphide ores of metals are usually concentrated by froth carbon to carbon monoxide may be used to reduce which
flotation process. Which one of the following sulphide ores one of the following oxides at the lowest temperature ?
offer an exception and is concentrated by chemical leaching? (a) Al2O3 (b) Cu2O (c) MgO (d) ZnO
(a) Galena (b) Copper pyrite 43. Which of the following condition favours the reduction of
(c) Sphalerite (d) Argentite a metal oxide to metal?
(a) DH = +ve, TDS = + ve at low temperature
Topic 2: Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore (b) DH = +ve, TDS = – ve at any temperature
32. Main function of roasting is (c) DH = –ve, TDS = – ve at high temperature
(a) to remove volatile substances (d) DH = –ve, TDS = + ve at any temperature
(b) oxidation 44. Ellingham diagram normally consists of plots of
(c) reduction (a) DSº vs T (b) D fGº vs DSº
(d) slag formation (c) DGº vs T (d) DHº vs DT
33. Roasting is generally done in case of the 45. DG° vs T plot in the Ellingham’s diagram slopes downward
(a) oxide ores (b) silicate ores for the reaction
(c) sulphide ores (d) carbonate ores 1 1
(a) Mg + O2 ® MgO (b) 2Ag + O 2 ® Ag 2O
34. Function of the flux added during smelting is 2 2
(a) to make ore porous (b) to remove gangue 1 1
(c) to precipitate slag (d) to make reduction easier (c) C + O2 ® CO (d) CO + O 2 ® CO 2
2 2
35. Process followed before reduction of carbonate ore is 46. In the blast furnace iron oxide is reduced by
(a) calcination (b) roasting (a) silica (b) CO
(c) liquation (d) polling (c) carbon (d) limestone
36. Calcination is the process in which : 47. Furnaces are lined with calcium oxide because
(a) ore is heated above its melting point to expel H2O or (a) it gives off oxygen on heating
CO2 or SO2 (b) it gives strong light on heating
(b) ore is heated below its melting point to expel volatile (c) it is refractory and basic
impurities (d) it is not affected by acids
(c) ore is heated above its melting point to remove S, As 48. The following reactions take place in the blast furnace in
and Sb as SO2 ,As2O3 and Sb2O3 respectively the preparation of impure iron. Identify the reaction
(d) ore is heated below its melting point to expel H2O or pertaining to the formation of the slag.
CO2 (a) Fe2O3(s) + 3 CO(g) ®2 Fe (l) + 3 CO2 (g)
37. When a metal is to be extracted from its ore and the gangue (b) CaCO3 (s) ® CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
associated with the ore is silica, then (c) CaO (s) + SiO2(s) ® CaSiO3(s)
(a) an acidic flux is needed (d) 2C(s) + O2 (g) ®2 CO(g)
(b) a basic flux is needed 49. Refractory materials are generally used in furnaces because
(c) both acidic and basic fluxes are needed (a) they possess great structural strength
(d) Neither of them is needed (b) they can withstand high temperature
38. Which of the following fluxes is used to remove acidic (c) they are chemically inert
impurities in metallurgical process? (d) they do not require replacement
(a) Silica (b) Lime stone 50. Extraction of zinc from zinc blende is achieved by
(c) Sodium chloride (d) Sodium carbonate (a) electrolytic reduction
39. Which of the following reactions is an example for calcination (b) roasting followed by reduction with carbon
process ? (c) roasting followed by reduction with another metal
(a) 2Ag + 2HCl + (O ) ® 2AgCl + H 2 O (d) roasting followed by self-reduction
(b) 2Zn + O 2 ® 2 ZnO 51. In the extraction of Cu, the metal is formed in the bessemer
(c) 2ZnS + 3O 2 ® 2ZnO + 2SO 2 converter due to the reaction :
(d) MgCO3 ® MgO + CO 2 (a) Cu2S + 2Cu2O ¾¾ ® 6Cu + SO2
(b) Cu2S ¾¾ ® 2Cu + S
40. After partial roasting the sulphide of copper is reduced by
(a) cyanide process (b) electrolysis (c) Fe + Cu2O ¾¾ ® 2Cu + FeO
(c) reduction with carbon (d) self reduction (d) 2Cu2O ¾¾ ® 4Cu + O2
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52. Aluminothermic process is used for the extraction of metals, 60. Assertion : Copper obtained after bessemerization is known
whose oxides are as blister copper.
(a) fusible Reason : Blisters are produced on the surface of the metal
(b) not easily reduced by carbon due to escaping of dissolved SO2.
(c) not easily reduced by hydrogen (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
(d) strongly basic correct explanation for assertion.
53. Blister copper is (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
(a) Impure Cu (b) Cu alloy correct explanation for assertion
(c) Pure Cu (d) Cu having 1% impurity (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
54. The furnace used to prepare commercial iron is lined with (d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
which of the following ? 61. Carbon and CO gas are used to reduce which of the following
(a) Haematite (b) Magnetite pairs of metal oxides for extraction of metals ?
(c) Ironpyrites (d) Both (a) and (b) (a) FeO, SnO (b) SnO, ZnO
55. Which form of the iron contains 4% carbon ? (c) BaO, Na2O2 (d) FeO, ZnO
(a) Cast iron (b) Pig iron 62. Consider the following reactions at 1000°C
(c) Wrought iron (d) Both (a) and (b) 1
A. Zn(s) + O (g) ® ZnO(s); DG° = -360kJ mol-1
56. Which of the following reaction takes place in blast furnace 2
2
during extraction of copper ? 1
(a) 2Cu 2S + 3O 2 ¾¾ ® 2Cu 2O + 2SO 2 B. C(gr) + O 2 (g) ® CO(g); DG° = -460 kJ mol –1
2
(b) 2FeS + 3O 2 ¾¾ ® 2FeO + 2SO 2 Choose the correct statement at 1000°C
(c) 2Cu 2O + Cu 2S ¾¾ ® 6Cu + SO 2 (a) zinc can be oxidised by carbon monoxide.
(d) All of these (b) zinc oxide can be reduced by graphite
57. Which of the following statements related to Ellingham (c) carbon monoxide can be reduced by zinc.
diagrams are correct ? (d) both statements (a) and (b) are true
(i) It provides a sound basis for the choice of reducing 63. Which of the following statements, about the advantage of
agent in the reduction of oxides. roasting of sulphide ore before reduction is not true?
(ii) Each Ellingham plot is represented by a straight line (a) The DG of of the sulphide is greater than those for CS2
untill unless there is some change in phase i.e. solid ® and H2S.
liquid, liquid ® gas and gas ® liquid occurs.
(b) The DGof is negative for roasting of sulphide ore to
(iii) Diagrams similar to Ellingham can be constructed for
oxide.
sulphides and halides which clearly indicates why
(c) Roasting of the sulphide to the oxide is thermo-
reduction of MxS is difficult in comparison to MxO.
dynamically feasible.
(iv) Ellingham diagrams predicts the tendency of reduction
(d) Carbon and hydrogen are suitable reducing agents for
with a reducing agent and kinetics of the reduction process.
reduction of metal sulphides.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iii)
64. Which of the following statement is not correct about
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
Ellingham diagram?
58. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct ?
(a) DG increases with an increase in temperature
(i) Cast iron is used in the manufacture of railway sleepers
(b) It consists of plots of DfGº vs T for formation of oxides
(ii) Wrought iron is used in the manufacture of anchors,
(c) a coupling reaction can be well expressed by this
bolts, chains etc.
diagram
(iii) Nickel steel is used in making pendulums.
(d) It express the kinetics of the reduction process
(a) Only (i) (b) (i) and (ii)
65. A coupled reaction takes place as follow–
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) Only (iii)
59. Match the columns A + B ––® C + D DGº = + x kj
Column - I Column - II D + E ––® F DGº = – y kj
(A) Fe 2 O3 .xH 2O(s) ¾¾® D (p) Slag formation for the spontaneity of reaction A + B + E –––® C + F,
which of the following is correct?
Fe 2O3 (s) + xH 2O(g) (a) 2x = y (b) x < y
(B) FeO + SiO2 ¾¾ ® FeSiO3 (q) Reduction of
iron oxide (c) x > y (d) x = (y) × TDS
(C) Discharge gas produced (r) Calcination 66. The value of Df Gº for formation of Cr2O3 is – 540 kJmol–1 and
during this process is utilised that of Al2O3 is – 827 kJ mol–1 What is the value of DrG° for
in manufacture of H2SO4. the reaction?
(D) Fe2 O3 + 3C ¾¾ ® 2Fe + 3CO (s) Roasting 4 2 2
Al(s) + Cr2 O 3 (s) ® Al 2 O 3 (s) + 4 Cr(s).
(a) A– (r), B – (p), C – (s), D – (q) 3 3 3 3
(b) A– (p), B – (r), C – (s), D – (q) (a) – 574 kJ mol –1 (b) –287 kJ mol –1
(c) A– (r), B – (s), C – (p), D – (q) (c) + 574 kJ mol–1 (d) +287 kJ mol–1
(d) A– (r), B – (p), C – (q), D – (s)
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS 279

67. Before introducing FeO in blast furnace , it is converted to 75. Assertion : Zinc can be used while copper cannot be used
Fe2O3 by roasting so that in the recovery of Ag from the complex [Ag(CN)2]–.
(a) it may not be removed as slag with silica Reason : Zinc is a powerful reducing agent than copper.
(b) it may not evaporate in the furnace (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
(c) presence of it may increase the m.pt. of charge correct explanation for assertion.
(d) None of these. (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
68. The temperature in °C at which Fe2O3 is finally reduced to correct explanation for assertion
Fe in the blast furnace is (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(a) 993 (b) 797 (c) 897 (d) 1597 (d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
69. Which of the following statements regarding metallurgy of 76. In the cyanide extraction process of silver from argentite
iron is incorrect ? ore, the oxidising and reducing agents used are
(a) Reaction Fe3O 4 + 4CO ¾¾ ® 3Fe + 4CO 2 belongs to (a) O2 and CO respectively
lower temperature range (500 – 800K) of the blast furnace. (b) O2 and Zn dust respectively
(c) HNO3 and Zn dust respectively
(b) Reaction FeO + CO ¾¾ ® Fe + CO 2 belongs to higher
(d) HNO3 and CO respectively
temperature range (900 – 1500K) of the blast furnace.
77. Extraction of which of the following is based on oxidation ?
(c) The iron obtained from blast furnace is cast iron with
(a) Highly reactive metals
3% carbon.
(b) Moderately reactive metals
(d) For reduction of iron oxide to occur DG of the couple of
(c) Non-metals
following reactions should be negative
1 (d) Both (a) and (c)
FeO(s) ¾¾ ® Fe(s) + O 2 (g) 78. In Hall-Heroult process how much carbon anode is burnt
2
1 away to produce each 1kg of aluminium ?
C(s) + O2 (g) ¾¾ ® CO(g)
2 (a) 0.3 kg (b) 0.5 kg (c) 1 kg (d) 0.1 kg
Topic 4: Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy
Topic 5: Refining, uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron
and Oxidation Reduction
70. Electrometallurgical process is used to extract 79. The process of zone refining is used in the purification of
(a) Fe (b) Pb (c) Na (d) Ag (a) Si (b) Al (c) Ag (d) Cu
71. The electrolytic method of reduction is employed for the 80. Van Arkel method of purification of metals involves
preparation of metals that converting the metal to a
(a) are weakly electropositive (a) volatile stable compound
(b) are moderately electropositive (b) volatile unstable compound
(c) are strongly electropositive (c) non volatile stable compound
(d) form oxides (d) None of the above
72. Aluminium is extracted from alumina (Al2O3 ) by electrolysis 81. The method not used in metallurgy to refine the impure
of a molten mixture of metal is
(a) Al2O3 + HF + NaAlF4 (b) Al2O3 + CaF2 + NaAlF4 (a) Mond’s process (b) Van–Arkel process
(c) Al2O3 + Na3AlF6 + CaF2 (d) Al2O3 + KF + Na3AlF6
(c) Amalgamation process (d) Liquation
73. In the extraction of aluminium by Hall-Heroult process,
82. Which of the following pairs of metals is purified by van
purified Al2O3 is mixed with CaF2 to
Arkel method ?
(i) lower the melting point of Al2O3.
(a) Ga and In (b) Zr and Ti
(ii) increase the conductivity of molten mixture.
(iii) reduce Al3+ into Al(s). (c) Ag and Au (d) Ni and Fe
(iv) acts as catalyst. 83. Method used for obtaining highly pure silicon which is used
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) as a semiconductor material, is
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (a) oxidation (b) electrochemical
74. Match the columns. (c) crystallization (d) zone refining
Column-I Column-II 84. What is anode mud?
(A) Blisterred Cu (p) Aluminium (a) Fan of anode
(B) Blast furnace (q) 2Cu2O + Cu2S ® 6Cu + SO2 (b) Metal of anode
(C) Reverberatory (r) Iron (c) Impurities collected at anode in electrolysis during
furnace purification of metals
(D) Hall-Heroult (s) FeO + SiO2 ® FeSiO3 (d) All of these
process (t) 2Cu2S + 3O2 ® 2Cu2O + 2SO2 85. Which of the following metal is used in the manufacture of
(a) A – (q), B – (r), C – (s), D – (p) dye-stuffs and paints ?
(b) A – (p), B – (q), C – (r), D – (t) (a) Copper (b) Zinc
(c) A – (t), B – (s), C – (r), D – (q)
(c) Aluminium (d) Magnesium
(d) A – (s), B – (t), C – (r), D – (q)
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280 CHEMISTRY

86. Match the columns. (c) Antimony, tellurium, silver and gold are some of the
Column-I Column-II metals deposits as anode mud during this process
(A) Coloured bands (p) Zone refining (d) Zinc can be also refined by electrolytic refining method.
(B) Impure metal to volatile (q) Fractional 93. Which of the following is incorrectly matched ?
complex distillation Metal Uses
(C) Purification of Ge and Si (r) Mond Process (a) Wrought iron Casting stoves, gutter
(D) Purification of mercury (s) Chromatography pipes, toys etc.
(t) Liquation (b) Copper Coinage alloy
(a) A – (p), B – (q), C – (s), D – (t) (c) Aluminium Extraction of chromium and
(b) A – (s), B – (r), C – (p), D – (q) manganese
(c) A – (r), B – (s), C – (p), D – (q) (d) Nickel steel Measuring tapes
(d) A – (t), B – (s), C – (r), D – (q) 94. Match the columns
87. In electro-refining of metal the impure metal is used to make Column-I Column-II
the anode and a strip of pure metal as the cathode, during (A) Distillation (p) Zr
the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a complex metal (B) Electrolytic refining (q) Ga
salt. This method cannot be used for refining of (C) Liquation (r) Cu
(D) Zone refining (s) Hg
(a) Silver (b) Copper
(E) Vapour phase refining (t) Sn
(c) Aluminium (d) Sodium (a) A – (r), B – (s), C – (t), D – (q), E – (p)
88. During the process of electrolytic refining of copper, some (b) A – (s), B – (r), C – (t), D – (q), E – (p)
metals present as impurity settle as ‘anode mud’. These are (c) A – (s), B – (t), C – (r), D – (q), E – (p)
(a) Fe and Ni (b) Ag and Au (d) A – (s), B – (r), C – (p), D – (q), E – (t)
(c) Pb and Zn (d) Sn and Ag 95. Assertion : Lead, tin and bismuth are purified by liquation
89. If the impurities in a metal has a greater affinity for oxygen method.
and is more easily oxidised than the metal, then the Reason : Lead, tin and bismuth have low m.p. as compared
purification of metal may be carried out by to impurities.
(a) distillation (b) zone refining (a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a
(c) electrolytic refining (d) cupellation correct explanation for assertion.
90. Match the columns (b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a
Column-I Column-II correct explanation for assertion
(A) Cyanide process (p) Ultrapure Ge (c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(B) Floatation process (q) Pine oil (d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
(C) Electrolytic reduction (r) Extraction of Al 96. Match the columns
(D) Zone refining (s) Extraction of Au Column-I Column-II
(a) A – (r), B – (p), C – (s), D – (q) (A) This metal is used in (p) Zinc
(b) A – (s), B – (q), C – (r), D – (p) extraction of chromium
(c) A – (r), B – (q), C – (s), D – (p) and manganese.
(d) A – (s), B – (p), C – (r), D – (q) (B) Common metal in brass (q) Aluminium
91. Germanium of very high purity is obtained by and bronze.
(a) liquation (b) vapour phase refining (C) Common metal in brass (r) Copper
(c) distillation (d) zone refining and german silver.
92. Which of the following statements regarding electrolytic (D) Substance used in making (s) Stainless steel
refining of copper is incorrect ? cycles, automobiles,
(a) In this process anode is made up of impure copper and utensils, etc.
pure copper strips are taken as cathode. (a) A – (q), B – (r), C – (p), D – (s)
(b) Acidic or basic solution of copper sulphate is used as (b) A – (r), B – (q), C – (p), D – (s)
electrolyte (c) A – (q), B – (p), C – (r), D – (s)
(d) A – (q), B – (r), C – (s), D – (p)

Exercise 2 : Exemplar & Past Year MCQs

NCERT Exemplar MCQs 2. When copper ore is mixed with silica in a reverberatory
furnace copper matte is produced. The copper matte contains
1. In the extraction of chlorine by electrolysis of brine ...........
(a) sulphides of copper (II) and iron (II)
(a) oxidation of Cl– ion to chlorine gas occurs
(b) sulphides of copper (II) and iron (III)
(b) reduction of Cl– ion to chlorine gas occurs
(c) sulphides of copper (I) and iron (II)
(c) for overall reaction D G s has negative value
(d) sulphides of copper (I) and iron (III)
(d) a displacement reaction takes place
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS 281

3. Which of the following reactions is an example of auto- Direction (Q. No. 11-13) Answer the questions on the basis of

. .
reduction? figure.
(a) Fe3 O 4 + 4CO ¾¾ ® 3Fe + 4CO 2 –200 eO

–300 .
2F
D.

D G°/kJ mol of O2 ®
®
(b) Cu 2 O + C ¾¾ ® 2Cu + CO O 2

(c) Cu 2+ ( aq ) + Fe (s ) ¾¾
® Cu (s ) + Fe 2 + ( aq ) . ...
A E e+
2 F C + O2 ® CO2
–400
.

–1
B
–500 .
2C
1 1 O2 +
(d) Cu 2 O + Cu 2S ¾¾ ® 3Cu + SO 2 + O
®
2 2 2 CO 2C
O2 2
2C
4. A number of elements are available in earth's crust but most –600 ® O

abundant elements are ................

(a) Al and Fe (b) Al and Cu –700
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
(c) Fe and Cu (d) Cu and Ag
5. Zone refining is based on the principle that .................. Temperature (°C) ®
(a) impurities of low boiling metals can be separated by 11. Choose the correct option of temperature at which carbon
distillation. reduces FeO to ion and produces CO.
(b) impurities are more soluble in molten metal than in solid (a) Below temperature at point A
metal. (b) Approximately at the temperature corresponding to
(c) different components of a mixture are differently point A
adsorbed on an adsorbent. (c) Above temperature at point A but below temperature
(d) vapours of volatile compound can be decomposed in at point D
pure metal. (d) Above temperature at point A
6. In the extraction of copper from its sulphide ore, the metal is 12. Below point 'A' FeO can .....................
formed by the reduction of Cu2O with (a) be reduced by carbon monoxide only.
(a) FeS (b) CO (b) be reduced by both carbon monoxide and carbon.
(c) Cu2S (d) SO2 (c) be reduced by carbon only.
7. Brine is electrolysed by using inert electrodes. The reaction (d) not be reduced by both carbon and carbon monoxide.
at anode is ................. 13. For the reduction of FeO at the temperature corresponding
to point D, which of the following statements is correct?
1
(a) Cl - ( aq ) ¾¾
® Cl2 ( g ) + e - ; E ºcell = 1.36 V (a) DG value for the overall reduction reaction with carbon
2 monoxide is zero.
(b) DG value for the overall reduction reaction with a
(b) 2H 2 O ( l ) ¾¾
® O 2 ( g ) + 4H + + 4e - ; E ºcell = 1.23 V mixture of 1 mol carbon and 1 mol oxygen is positive.
(c) DG value for the overall reduction reaction with a
(c) Na + ( aq ) + e - ¾¾
® Na (s ) ; E ºcell = 2.71 V mixture of 2 mol carbon and 1 mol oxygen will be
positive.
1
(d) H + ( aq ) + e - ¾¾
® H 2 ( g ) ; E ºcell = 0.00 V (d) DG value for the overall reduction reaction with carbon
2 monoxide is negative.
8. In the metallurgy of aluminium ..............
Past Year MCQs
(a) Al3+ is oxidised to Al (s).
(b) graphite anode is oxidised to carbon monoxide and 14. The metal that cannot be obtained by electrolysis of an
carbon dioxide. aqueous solution of its salts is: [AIPMT 2014, C]
(c) oxidation state of oxygen changes in the reaction at (a) Ag (b) Ca (c) Cu (d) Cr
anode. 15. "Metals are usually not found as nitrates in their ores".
(d) oxidation state of oxygen changes in the overall Out of the following two ((i) and (ii)) reasons which is/are
reaction involved in the process. true for the above observation ? [AIPMT 2015, C]
9. Electrolytic refining is used to purify which of the following (i) Metal nitrates are highly unstable.
metals? (ii) Metal nitrates are highly soluble in water.
(a) Cu and Zn (b) Ge and Si (a) (i) and (ii) are false
(c) Zr and Ti (d) Zn and Hg (b) (i) is false but (ii) is true
10. Extraction of gold and silver involves leaching the metal (c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
with CN – ion. The metal is recovered by .......... (d) (i) and (ii) are true
(a) displacement of metal by some other metal from the 16. In the extraction of copper from its sulphide ore, the metal
complex ion. finally obtained by the reduction of cuprous oxide with :
(b) roasting of metal complex. [AIPMT 2015 RS, C]
(c) calcination followed by roasting. (a) iron (II) sulphide (b) carbon monoxide
(d) thermal decomposition of metal complex. (c) copper (I) sulphide (d) sulphur dioxide
 EBD_7374
282 CHEMISTRY

17. In the context of the Hall - Heroult process for the extraction 24. The main reactions occurring in blast furnace during
of Al, which of the following statements is false ? extraction of iron from haematite are________.
[AIPMT 2015, C] (i) Fe2O3 + 3CO —® 2Fe + 3CO2
3+
(a) Al is reduced at the cathode to form Al (ii) FeO + SiO2 —® FeSiO3
(b) Na3AlF6 serves as the electrolyte (iii) Fe2O3 + 3C —® 2Fe + 3CO
(c) CO and CO2 are produced in this process (iv) CaO + SiO2 —® CaSiO3 [AIIMS 2016, A]
(d) Al2O3 is mixed with CaF2 which lowers the melting point (a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iv)
of the mixture and brings conductivity (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iii)
18. Sulfide ores are common for the metals [AIIMS 2015, C] 25. Extraction of gold and silver involves leaching with CN–
(a) Ag, Cu and Pb (c) Ag, Cu and Sn ion. Silver is later recovered by [NEET 2017, C]
(b) Ag, Mg and Pb (d) Al, Cu and Pb (a) distillation (b) zone refining
19. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using (c) displacement with Zn (d) liquation
the codes given below the list [AIIMS 2015, C] 26. 2CuFeS2 + O 2 ¾¾ ® Cu 2 S + 2FeS + SO 2
List I List II Which process of metallurgy of copper is represented by
1. Ti A. Bauxite above equation? [AIIMS 2017, C]
2. Si B. Cerussite (a) Concentration (b) Roasting
3. Al C. van-Arkel method (c) Reduction (d) Purification
4. Pb D. Zone refining 27. Assertion : Coke and flux are used in smelting.
(a) 1–B, 2–A, 3–C, 4–D (b) 1–B, 2–C, 3–A, 4–B [AIIMS 2017, C]
(c) 1–C, 2–A, 3–B, 4–D (d) 1–C, 2–D, 3–A, 4–B Reason : The phenomenon in which ore is mixed with
20. Match the catalysts to the correct processes : suitable flux and coke is heated to fusion is known as
Catalyst Process [JEE M 2015, A] smelting.
(A) TiCl4 (i) Wacker process (a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason
(B) PdCl2 (ii) Ziegler - Natta polymerization is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(C) CuCl2 (iii) Contact process (b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason
(D) V2O5 (iv) Deacon's process is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(a) (A) - (ii), (B) - (iii), (C) - (iv), (D) - (i) (c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(b) (A) - (iii), (B) - (i), (C) - (ii), (D) - (iv) (d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
(c) (A) - (iii), (B) - (ii), (C) - (iv), (D) - (i) 28. Assertion : Galvanised iron does not rust. [AIIMS 2017, C]
(d) (A) - (ii), (B) - (i), (C) - (iv), (D) - (iii) Reason : Zinc has a more negative electrode potential than
21. Semiconductor materials like Si and Ge are usually purified iron.
by [BITSAT 2015, C] (a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason
(a) distillation (b) zone refining is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) liquation (d) electrolytic refining (b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason
22. Match items of Column I with the items of Column II and is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
assign the correct code : [NEET 2016, A] (c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
Column-I Column-II
29. Electrometallurgical process is used to extract
(A) Cyanide process (i) Ultrapure Ge
[BITSAT 2017, C]
(B) Froth floatation process (ii) Dressing of ZnS
(a) Fe (b) Pb (c) Na (d) Ag
(C) Electrolytic reduction (iii) Extraction of Al
30. Considering Ellingham diagram, which of the following
(D) Zone refining (iv) Extraction of Au metals can be used to reduce alumina? [NEET 2018, C]
(v) Purification of Ni (a) Fe (b) Zn (c) Cu (d) Mg
Code : 31. Assertion : During calcination, the ore is heated well below
(A) (B) (C) (D) its melting point in the limited supply of air.
(a) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) Reason : The process of calcination is carried out for
(b) (ii) (iii) (i) (v) sulphide ores. [AIIMS 2018, C]
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason
(c) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(d) (iii) (iv) (v) (i)
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason
23. Which one of the following ores is best concentrated by
is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
froth floatation method? [NEET 2016, C]
(c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(a) Galena (b) Malachite
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
(c) Magnetite (d) Siderite
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS 283

Exercise 3 : Try If You Can

1. Consider the following reactions : (c) no reducing agent is found suitable for reducing a
D sulphide ore
2XS + 3O 2 ¾¾® 2XO + 2SO 2
(d) a sulphide ore cannot be reduced at all
D
2XO + XS ¾¾® 3' X '+ SO 2 8. Aluminium is prepared in large quantities by
Then 'X' can not be: (a) heating cryolite in a limited quantity of air
(a) Hg (b) Pb (c) Zn (d) Cu (b) reducing aluminium oxide with coke
2. XCl2 ( excess ) + YCl 2 ¾¾
® XCl 4 + Y ¯ ; (c) reducing aluminium oxide with sodium
D 1 (d) electrolysing aluminium oxide dissolved in fused
YO ¾¾¾¾ ® O 2 + Y, Ore of Y would be: electrolyte
> 400° 2
(a) Siderite (b) Cinnabar 9. Complexes formed in the following methods are
(c) Malachite (d) Hornsilver I. Mond's process for purification of nickel.
3. Which of the following combination represents the correct II. Removal of lead poisoning from the body.
matching of metals with the most commonly employed ores III. Cyanide process for extraction of silver.
for their extraction? IV. Froth flotation process for separation of ZnS from
Fe Zn Cu Al galena ore by using depressant.
(a) Haematite Sphalerite Copper Bauxite I II III IV
pyrites (a) Ni(CO)4 [Pb(EDTA]2– [Ag(CN)2]– [Zn(CN)2]
(b) Iron pyrites Zincite Cuprite Clay (b) Ni(CO)4 [Pb(EDTA]2– [Ag(CN)4]– [Zn(CN)4]2–
(c) Siderite Calamine Malachite Alumminium (c) Ni(CO)6 [Pb(EDTA)]4– [Ag(CN)2]– [Zn(CN)6]4–
phosphate (d) Ni(CO)4 [Pb(EDTA)]2– [Ag(CN)4]3– [Zn(CN)4]2–
(d) Chalcocite Magnetite Copper Bauxite 10. Four metals and their methods of refinement are given
glance i. Ni, Cu, Zr, Ga
4. All ores are minerals, while all minerals are not ores because ii. Electrolysis, Van Arkel process, zone refining, Mond's
(a) the metal can’t be extracted economically from all the process
minerals Choose the right method for each :
(b) minerals are complex compounds
(a) Ni: Electrolysis; Cu: Van Arkel process; Zr: Zone
(c) the minerals are obtained from mines refining; Ga: Mond's process.
(d) All of these are correct
(b) Ni: Mond's process; Cu: Electrolysis; Zr: Van Arkel
5. Consider the following reactions at 1000°C.
process; Ga: Zone refining
D
(I) Zn ( s ) + 1/ 2 O 2 ( g ) ¾¾® ZnO ( g ) ; (c) Ni: Mond's process; Cu: Van Arkel process; Zr: Zone
DG° = –360 kJ mol–1 refining; Ga: Electrolysis.
D (d) Ni: Electrolysis; Cu: Zone refining; Zr: Van Arkel
(II) C ( s ) + 1/ 2O2 (g ) ¾¾® CO ( g ) ;
process; Ga: Mond's process
DG° = –460 kJ mol–1
11. The method of zone refining of metals is based on the
and choose the correct statement at 1000°C.
principle of
(a) ZnO is more stable than CO
(b) ZnO can be reduced to Zn by C (a) Greater solubility of the impurity in the molten state
than in the solid
(c) ZnO and CO are formed at equal rate
(d) ZnO can not be reduced to Zn by C (b) Greater mobility of the pure metal than that of the
impurity
6. D¦G– vs T plot in the Ellingham diagram slopes downward
for the reaction (c) Higher melting point of the impurity than that of the
pure metal
1 1
(a) Mg + O2 ® MgO (b) 2Ag + O 2 ® Ag 2O (d) Greater noble character of the solid metal than that of
2 2 the impurity
1 1
(c) C + O2 ® CO (d) CO + O 2 ® CO 2 12. Select the property which forms the basis of
2 2 hydrometallurgical process that is used for extraction of
7. A sulphide ore is generally roasted to the oxide before gold.
reduction, because
(a) Gold is electropositive metal
(a) the enthalpy of formation of CO2 is more than that of
(b) Gold is less reactive metal
CS2
(b) a metal sulphide is generally more stable than the metal (c) Gold forms complexes that are water soluble
oxide (d) Gold forms salts, which are water soluble
 EBD_7374
284 CHEMISTRY

13. When CuSO4 is electrolysed using platinum electrodes,
(a) copper is liberated at cathode, sulphur at anode
(b) copper is liberated at cathode, oxygen at anode
(c) sulphur is liberated at cathode, oxygen at anode
(d) oxygen is liberated at cathode, copper at anode
14. In electro-refining of metal, the impure metal is used to
make the anode and a strip of pure metal as the cathode,
during the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a complex
metal salt. This method cannot be used for refining of
(a) Silver (b) Copper
(c) Aluminium (d) Sodium
15. Which of the following statements is correct ?
(a) Gangues are carefully chosen to combine with the slag
present in the ore to produce easily fusible flux to carry
away the impurities
(b) Slags are carefully chosen to combine with the flux
present in the ore to produce easily fusible gangue to
carry away the impurities
(c) Gangues are carefully chosen to combine with the flux
present in the ore to produce easily fusible slag to
carry away the impurities
(d) Fluxes are carefully chosen to combine with the gangue
present in the ore to produce easily fusible slag to
carry away the impurities

ANSWER KEYS
Exercise 1 : Topic-wise MCQs
1 (a) 11 (a) 21 (c) 31 (d) 41 (b) 51 (d) 61 (d) 71 (c) 81 (c) 91 (d)
2 (a) 12 (c) 22 (a) 32 (a) 42 (b) 52 (b) 62 (b) 72 (c) 82 (b) 92 (b)
3 (a) 13 (c) 23 (a) 33 (c) 43 (d) 53 (d) 63 (d) 73 (a) 83 (d) 93 (a)
4 (a) 14 (c) 24 (c) 34 (b) 44 (c) 54 (a) 64 (d) 74 (a) 84 (c) 94 (b)
5 (b) 15 (b) 25 (d) 35 (a) 45 (c) 55 (b) 65 (d) 75 (a) 85 (b) 95 (a)
6 (c) 16 (d) 26 (c) 36 (d) 46 (b) 56 (d) 66 (b) 76 (b) 86 (b) 96 (a)
7 (a) 17 (a) 27 (a) 37 (b) 47 (c) 57 (b) 67 (a) 77 (c) 87 (d)
8 (c) 18 (b) 28 (c) 38 (b) 48 (c) 58 (c) 68 (a) 78 (b) 88 (b)
9 (c) 19 (a) 29 (b) 39 (d) 49 (b) 59 (a) 69 (c) 79 (a) 89 (d)
10 (d) 20 (c) 30 (a) 40 (d) 50 (b) 60 (a) 70 (c) 80 (a) 90 (b)
Exercise 2 : Exemplar & Past Year MCQs
1 (a) 5 (b) 8 (b) 11 (d) 14 (b) 17 (b) 20 (b) 23 (c) 26 (b) 29 (d)
2 (c) 6 (c) 9 (a) 12 (a) 15 (b) 18 (a) 21 (c) 24 (c) 27 (a) 30 (d)
3 (d) 7 (a) 10 (a) 13 (a) 16 (a) 19 (d) 22 (a) 25 (b) 28 (c) 31 (c)
4 (a)
Exercise 3 : Try If You Can
1 (c) 3 (a) 5 (b) 7 (a) 9 (b) 11 (a) 13 (b) 15 (d)
2 (b) 4 (a) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d)