CONCLUSIONS

1.- Structural elements subjected mainly to axial compression load are known by the generic name of
columns or pillars. When there is presence of bending and this is important, it is called “beam-
column”. In the first case, compression concrete blocks and pedestals are a typical example; In these
there is no presence of flexion and the column works practically under axial load. In the second case,
there are the typical vertical elements in buildings "columns" which can be short if their resistance is
controlled by the dimensions of the section and the mechanical capacity of their materials or slender
if the resistance is controlled by their lateral deformations. (buckling).

2.- For the column, the characteristics that define it are indicated as well as the behavior to define the
aspects to be taken into account in the design of the wood, steel and reinforced concrete columns;
Additionally, an example is included for each type of material.

3.- The structures must resist the loads imposed on them as a consequence of their intended use.
These loads will act in the prescribed combinations and will not cause stresses that exceed the
allowable stresses of the materials (Design for Strength).
The measurement of vertical loads is a complement to the measurement for the earthquake resistant
design.
Gravity (or vertical) load measurement is a technique with which the loads acting on the different
structural elements that make up the building are estimated. This process is approximate since the
hyperstatic effects produced by bending moments are generally neglected, unless they are very
important.
As a general rule, when measuring gravity loads we must think about the way in which one element
is supported on another; For example, the existing loads on a level are transmitted through the
ceiling slab to the beams or walls that support it, then, when these beams rest on the columns, they
transfer their load; Subsequently, the columns transfer the load to their support elements, which are
the footings; Finally, the loads begin to act on the foundation soil.
4.- At the end of the work, knowledge has been acquired on how to measure loads in buildings and
then design the structures needed to support the loads.
5.- The results of the loads are observed in graphs of the frames

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