Main Movements

Literaries in Latin America

OA: Read and understand modern Latin American stories and
contemporaries, considering their characteristics and the context in which
they are framed.
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 What is a “Literary Movement”
It is a way of studying literature, establishing periods of time or currents,
according to the characteristics of the authors who make up each period,
that is, each current or movement.
literary will pursue its own motives and ideologies depending
of the authors. (Ex: Romanticism, Realism, Existentialism).
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In the case of Latin America, various currents have existed over the years,
of which five stand out: h

❖ The Latin American “Boom”.

❖ The Crack Generation.
❖ The Poets of Cinco.
❖ The Mutant Generation.
❖ Poetic Transrealism.
The Latin American “Boom”: THE
• It had its heyday between the 1960s and 1970s. It was a publishing phenomenon MILITARY
that arose when the works of a group of Latin American novelists were widely IN
disseminated in Europe and throughout the world. CHILEAN
HISTORY
• The success of the novels is due to global interest in the political conflicts on the
continent awakened by the Cuban Revolution that took place in the 1950s.
• This current established a new language, within the novels local problems (mostly
political) were represented. This type of narrative made authors and readers no FREDERICX M NUNN

longer feel Peruvian,

Paraguayans, Colombians, Cubans or Mexicans, but Latin Americans.
According to Frederick M. Nunn, renowned Historian of America «Latin American
novelists became world famous through their writings and their advocacy of political and social action, and
because many of them were fortunate enough to reach markets and audiences beyond America. Latina through
translation and travel and, sometimes, through exile and separation.
Historical record of Fidel Castro – Cuban Revolution
 Authors of “ Boom”: Gabriel García Márquez
contemporary

NOBEL PRIZE FOR LITERATURE

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One Hundred Years of Solitude, 1967

Authors of “Boom”: Carlos Fuentes Macías
 Authors of “Boom”: Julio Cortazar

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Hopscotch,
1963
Authors of “Boom”: Mario Vargas Llosa
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THE CITY
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The City and the Dogs, 1962

Why do you think that art collects or “speaks” about the reality that
has
vivid?
What makes a literary movement important to history
of
Literature?
Why do you think the Latin American boom was a movement
important
for literature?
What situations were happening in Latin America at this time?
could
have influenced the writing of these authors?
Do you believe that identity can be represented in a literary work?
because?
 The Crack Generation:
• It is a Mexican literary movement from the late 20th
century. It was originally a group of five novels by
Mexican authors, published in 1996 with a common *
Crack Manifesto .
• These are “ Memory of the Days” by Pedro Ángel
Palou, " The remoras” by Eloy Urroz, " The
idiotic conspiracy” by Ricardo Chávez Castañeda, "
Yeah they would return their
majesties” by Ignacio Padilla and “ The melancholic
temperament” by Jorge Volpi.
• The Manifesto had the intention of taking up the
aesthetics of the Latin American boom . It is a unique
text, as it is made up of five fragments, which was
intended to cause a fissure in the previous literary
tradition to return to what they considered "the best
literature" , especially the classic works.

*Manifesto: Brief writing that a political, philosophical, artistic or literary group or movement
addresses to public opinion to present and defend its program of action considered revolutionary or
novel.
 Eloy Urroz – Las Rémoras, 1996

Pedro Ángel P. - Memory of the days, 1996

Ricardo Chávez Castañeda - The Idiot Conspiracy, 1996

If Their Majesties
returned

Ignacio Padilla – If Their Majesties Returned, 1996

Jorge Volpi – The Melancholic Temperament,
1996
The Poets of Five:
• The poets of 5 is a Latin American literary
movement that was born in Santiago, Chile , in
2004 with the purpose of motivating and
publicizing the emerging literary creation of Latin
America, through a free quarterly magazine and a
website. .
• The main objective is to publish emerging young
writers and generate a literary network through:
workshops , recitals, reflection circles, seminars
and conferences, encouraging young people to
focus on literature and visual arts.
• Every three months the print edition is launched.
One of the objectives of Los Poetas del Cinco is to
offer an innovation in poetry recitals so that each
attendee has an enriching and unforgettable
experience.
• To date, more than 100 Latin American authors
have been published.
The extended hand, symbol of doing; It is the
metaphor of Latin American poets, multiplicity
open in all directions, but with the same will to
create.
■ Last edition published in May 2018.
Valenthina Fuentes - "De Kerosén" - 2017

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 The Mutant Generation:
• It is the Colombian literature that stands
out to root of
Several awards awarded to writers
(novelists and poets) of recognized
aesthetic talent, this literature boomed
in 2009 .
• The Mutant Generation takes up capital
themes, from many sensitivities and
voices , dedicating its energy to writing ,
knowing that in Colombia, as William
Ospina expresses it, today we still live
the taste of discovery for many different
reasons, one of which is war ; another,
the fragmentation of the territory due to
lack of a true presence of the State.
Internal Arming in Colombia.
Citizen Demonstration against the Conflict
 William Ospina won the Rómulo Gallego
Prize with his novel “El País de la Canela”.

Ángela Becerra, with her work “She Who Had It

All”
received the Planeta Casa América Award in
Evelio Rosero D. He received an international
award, The Independent, for his novel “The
Armies”

Juan Manuel Roca is the Casa Poetry Prize

winner
of America for his work “Biblia de Pobres”
 Poetic Transrealism:
• It was a literary movement that emerged in the
second half of the 20th century and was created
by a Chilean writer: Sergio Badilla Castillo
• It is considered within *avant-garde literature
and its main characteristic is the transposition of
temporal spaces, that is, there is a "mixture"
between the past, the present and the future,
where the writer has transversal knowledge of
these.
• Other characteristics of this poetic movement
are that they appropriate local legends or
mythologies, they do not use punctuation and
their length can be varied.
*Avant-garde: Said to be experimental and innovative people or works in fields
Sergio Badilla Castillo – Chilean poet
such as art, culture, politics, philosophy and literature .
Activity:
• I) Organize as a group and select one of the suggested topics:
> Post boom and its main representatives: Manuel Puig,
Clarice Lispector, Reinaldo Arenas, Alfredo Bryce Echeñique, Elena
Poniatowska, Ángeles Mastretta, among others.
> Chilean women storytellers: from Marta Brunet to the
nineties.
> Magical realism and the wonderful real: Gabriel García
Márquez, Laura Esquivel, Isabel Allende, Alejo Carpentier.
• II) Find at least three texts or short stories by one of the selected
authors that are related to the topic to be investigated.
 (Subject to modifications by Prof.
Activity: Elizabeth Grandón)
• III) Based on the investigation, answer the following questions. Support your
answers with fragments or quotes from the selected texts.
a. What is the historical context in which the literary movement develops?
How does this context influence literary productions? How does this context
influence the definition of a way of understanding the Latin American identity
presented in the work?
b. In the case of women's literature in Chile, how has the role of women in
society evolved from the 1920s to the present day? What features does the
feminine identity of those times have? What features of that identity are
maintained and which have changed?
c. What is the importance of this movement for Latin American literature?
d. What features of Latin American identity are present in the literary
movement?