INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

“Selecting Measuring Instrument"

( Selection of Test / Page 34-35 )

EVI SYAFITRI ( 1952041047 )

ANDI NURFITRYANI ( 1952042016 )
FAHIRA ANJANI ( 1952042030 )

ENGLISH EDUCATION C/2019

LECTURER : Dr. Nur Aeni, S.Pd., M.Pd

 SOURCES

❑ PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS

A professional journal or professional magazine is a collection of articles and images about

diverse topics of applied science and professional news items. Usually these articles are
written by journalists or scholars and are geared toward a public interested in science in
general or in a specific field of applied science. Specialized magazines may also cover very
practical information for professionals in the field of e.g. forestry, pulp and paper industry,
electrical engineering, education etc. They are often published by professional organizations
in these fields. Professional journals may cover very "serious" material, but to find consistent
scholarly information you should use the scientific journals. Professional journals, like
scientific journals and newspapers, are called "periodicals" because they are published at
regular intervals throughout the year.
You may use a Professional journal

✓ to find popularized or simplified information on scientific

research or discoveries.

✓ to find up-to-date information about current events for a

specific professional group.

✓ to find information on practical applications of science or

illustrated reports of scientific work.
 ISSUES TO CONSIDER WHEN SELECTING
TESTS
❑ PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

An IntroductionThe intrinsic components of a test are precisely termed its psychometric properties.
These properties are typical characteristics of tests that identify and define critical aspects of an
instrument, such as its suitability or reliability for use in a specific circumstance. In simple words,
psychometric properties reveal information about a test’s adequacy, relevance, and usefulness (or its
validity).

For example, if a test is presented as an appropriate measure for diagnosing a severe disorder such as
schizophrenia. The assessment’s psychometric properties will provide test creators and users with
sufficient evidence of whether the instrument justifies what it claims.Even though various psychometric
properties are available for defining the technical qualities of a test, they are not arranged in an
appropriate, definitive list. Alternatively, whenever a specific aspect of a test is defined as per scientific
standards, it can be considered a psychometric property.The psychometric properties of a test are
associated with the data garnered from the assessment to determine how well it evaluates the interest
construct. The development of a valid test is conditional on the fact that it has been subjected to
statistical analyses, which ascertains that it has adequate psychometric properties
1). Validity refers to the tool's ability to measure what it is supposed to measure. Is the tool measuring
the construct it is intended to? For example, does the goniometer truly measure range of
motion? Validity implies that a tool is relatively free from error. A tool that is not consistent cannot
produce a meaningful measurement. If a measurement is valid, it is always reliable. However, a
measurement or tool can be reliable without being valid (consistent over time, but not measuring the
construct of interest). To be classified as a tool with strong psychometric properties, it needs to be
both valid and reliable.

There are many different types of validity. They include:

a. Face Validity - The tool measures what it is supposed to (the weakest form of validity).
b. Content Validity - The sub sections (or items) of the tool adequately sample the universe
of content of the variable of interest (used with questionnaires).
c. Criterion-related Validity - The measurement of one tool can be used as a substitute
measurement, for an established reference standard (Gold Standard).
d. Concurrent Validity - Establishes the validity of two measurements taken at the same
time (perhaps one tool is considered more efficient than the Gold Standard).
e. Predictive Validity - The measurement of one tool can be used to predict a future score
of another tool.
f. Construct Validity - The ability of a tool to measure an abstract concept (does it measure
the theoretical component of the construct or variable).
2). Reliability refers to the extent to which a measurement is consistent and free from error. Reliability
is often associated with reproducibility or dependability of a measurement.Reliability is absolutely key
to a strong clinical tool, because without it, we cannot have confidence in our tools or measurements,
nor can we have strong clinical reasoning. It is important to understand that measurements are rarely
perfectly reliable, as humans do respond with some degree of inconsistency.

For example, if you measure someone's knee flexion range of motion three times, will the
measurements be identical all three times? Most likely not, as there will be inconsistencies with the
precision of the evaluator and the state of the patient.

3). Test Length: Increasing the test length can improve reliability. The longer the test, the greater the
reliability.

4). Scoring for psychometric tests is often done by calculating the number of questions you have
answered correctly. Your score will then be compared to those of either the normative testing group
scores provided by the test developer or to those of past candidates who applied for the same role.
NON-PSYHCOMETRIC ISSUES
Non-psychometric tools produce information that makes the employer and candidate feel they
have a good picture of each other, and that will be enough to make a decision. Too often, they find
out later it simply wasn’t enough.

1). Cost
Price has a lot to play – organisations think they’re getting value by buying something cheaper.
They think it’s a smart move to have saved the money.

2). time
Time administrative effectively and efficiently can be done with the following steps: time planning,
time organizing, time coordination, time monitoring.

3). Objections to content by parents or others

4). Duplication of testing

Means of saving public money, but duplication of research projects and programs is acceptable
under special circumstances, such as a period of great scientific opportunity or a period of great
crisis.
THANK YOU